专题05 名词（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（江苏版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题04 名词 考点梳理 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。如： doctor医生 bear熊 chair椅子 supermarket超市weather天气 中 考点一  名词的分类 1. 名词根据其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。 专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的特有名称的词。专有名词每一词的首字母 通常要大写（the和of等虚词除外）。如： Miss Li, the Great Wall, New York, Japan, Lu Xun, Nanjing 普通名词是表示一类人或东西或一个抽象概念的名称的词。如： milk, bus, library, student 普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。 (1) 个体名词表示单个的人或物。如：boy,computer,football,taxi (2) 集体名词表示一群人或事物的总称。如：class,family,people (3) 物质名词表示无法分出个体的物质。如：rain,water,juice (4) 抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词。如：happiness, health, life, love 知识拓展 同一单词的不同含义 有些单词首字母大写与小写的意思大相径庭，如： China 中国—china瓷器 Black布莱克（姓）—black黑色的 August八月--august威严的 Green格林（姓）—green绿色的 Japan日本—japan漆器 Smith 史密斯（姓）—smith铁匠 2. 根据是否能够用数字来计算，名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是指可以用数字进行计算的名词，它有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词是指名词的数量为“一”，如:a park,a doctor,a girl;复数名词是在表示数量“大于一”时使用的名词形式，如： one and a half apples, two buses, three oranges, some dogs 不可数名词是指不可以用数字进行计算的名词，一般为物质名词。如： milk, water, meat, plastic, beef, soup, hair, paper, bread 巧学妙记 普通名词分四类，仔细区别不用疑， 可数不可数各一半，个体名词有“数”随， 集体名词较特殊，一词内含“许多”意， 抽象名词没复数，莫加“s”在词尾。 选出每组单词中不同类的一项。 考点再现01 ( )1. A. eraser B. milk C. pencil ( )2. A. student B. teacher C. father ( )3. A. wall B. woman C. boy ( )4. A. Japan B. John C. America ( )5. A. October B. Wuhan C. Paris 中 考点二  名词的数 1. 可数名词复数的规则变化 变化规则 读 音 例 词 一般情况下在词尾直接加-s. 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/,/dʒ/音后读/ɪz/. teacher—teachers picture—pictures dog—dogs 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es. 词尾读/ɪz/. bus—buses box—boxes dish—dishes watch—watches 以th结尾的名词加-s. 词尾的ths读/θs/或/ðz/. mouth—mouths month—months 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i,再加-es. 词尾的ies读/ɪz/. family—families city—cities country—countries 以元音字母加y结尾的名词加-s. 词尾读/z/. boy—boys day—days toy—toys 以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v,再加-es. 词尾的ves读/ vz/. knife—knives thief—thieves life—lives 以o结尾的名词，加-s或-es. 词尾读/z/. radio—radios photo—photos potato—potatoes 巧学妙记 可以用以下一句话记住以o结尾加-es的名词： 黑人(Negroes)英雄(heroes)爱吃西红柿(tomatoes)和土豆(potatoes). 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 (1) 单复数形式相同。如： sheep—sheep, fish—fish, deer—deer (2) 改变中间元音字母。如： man—men, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice (3) 词尾加-en或-ren.如： ox—oxen, child—children 各国家的人的单复数形式： A. 单复数形式相同。如：Chinese—Chinese,Japanese—Japanese B. 词尾加-s.如：American—Americans, Australian—Australians C. 将man改成men.如：Englishman—Englishmen 知识拓展 1.有些名词以“s”结尾，但并不是复数形式。如： Maths数学 news新闻 2.有些名词通常只用其复数形式。如： clothes衣服 jeans牛仔裤 earphones耳机 glasses眼镜 trousers裤子 3. 复合名词的复数形式 (1) 由两个名词构成的复合名词（前面的名词为man或woman除外），一般把后面的名词变复数。如：boy friend—boy friends男朋友 paper bag—paper bags纸袋 (2) 由man和woman构成的复合名词，变复数时将man或woman及后面的名词都变成复数。如：a woman driver—women drivers女司机 a man doctor—men doctors男医生 (3) 由“可数名词+介词（短语）”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面名词变成复数。如： father-in-law—fathers-in-law岳父；公公 4. 不可数名词的计量方法 在不可数名词前加上little,much,some,a lot of等修饰词表示不确切数量。 如：little milk几乎没有牛奶,much water许多水,some juice一些果汁,a lot of/ lots of rain许多雨。 在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”表示确切数量。 如：a cup of coffee一杯咖啡， three bottles of milk三瓶牛奶, two bowls of rice两碗米饭。 知识归纳 常见的不可数名词 water水 paper纸 exercise锻炼 news新闻 food食物 fruit水果 beef牛肉 snow雪 chicken鸡肉 salad 色拉 housework家务 juice果汁 ice冰 tea茶 rain雨水 wind风 hair头发 rice米饭 bread面包 milk牛奶 cola可乐 money钱 honey蜂蜜 chocolate巧克力 fish鱼肉 meat肉 safety安全 energy能量 fun乐趣 time时间 weather天气 coffee咖啡 glass玻璃 work工作 plastic塑料 health健康 music音乐 soup汤 homework家庭作业 知识拓展 有些名词既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，不同情况下表示的意思不同。如：fish鱼肉（不可数）—fish鱼（可数） chicken鸡肉（不可数）—chicken小鸡（可数） 考点再现02 一、按要求写单词。 1. fox(复数)________ 2. sheep(复数)________ 3. country(复数)________ 4. thief(复数)________ 5. coffee cup(复数)________ 6. photo(复数)________ 7. teeth(单数)________ 8. houses(单数)________ 9. mice(单数)________ 10. leaves(单数)________ 二、单项选择。 ( )1.—Today all the ________ and milk are on sale in the supermarket. —Great! Let's go and have a look! A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes ( )2.There are lots of ________ and ________ in the lake. A. fish; duck B. fish; ducks C. fishs; ducks ( )3.Would you like ________, please? A. two glass of waters B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters ( )4.The ________ are running on the ________. A. deer; grasses B. deers; grass C. deer; grass ( )5.We have to clean ________ every day. A. our tooth B. our tooths C. our teeth 中 考点三  名词的所有格 名词中表示所属关系的形式叫名词的所有格，意为“……的”。它有两种类型：“-’s所有格”和“of所有格”。 1. -'s所有格 在名词的后面加“-'s”构成“-'s所有格”，常用来表示有生命的事物的所有格。其构成方法如下： (1) 一般在单数名词的词尾加“-’s”. 如：Su Yang's pen苏阳的钢笔,the boy's jacket这个男孩的夹克衫。 (2) 不以-s结尾的复数名词，直接加“-'s”。 如：Women's Day妇女节,the children's bikes 孩子们的自行车。 (3) 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“”。 如：the students' books学生们的书， Teachers' Day教师节。 (4) 两个人或多个人分别拥有某物时，要在每个人的名字后面加“-’s”。 如：Su Hai's and Su Yang's rooms苏海的房间和苏阳的房间（两人分别拥有一个房间）。 两个人或多个人共同拥有某物时，只在最后一个人的名字后面加“-’s”。 如：Su Hai and Su Yang' s room苏海和苏阳的房间（两人共同拥有一个房间）。 (5) 表示公共场所、营业场所或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现被修饰的名词。 如：We are going to my grandmother's for dinner tomorrow. 我们明天将去奶奶家吃晚饭。 (6) 表示国家、城市、团体、时间、距离、重量、价格等名称的所有格的构成方式与表示人的所有格形式相同。 如：five minutes' walk步行五分钟的路程, six pounds' weight六磅重。 2. of所有格 无生命的名词的所有格一般用“of所有格”表示。结构为“名词+of+名词”，一般前者属于后者。如：the name of the film这部电影的名字,the stories of Lei Feng雷锋的故事。 知识拓展 1. "-'s所有格“和“of所有格”的互换 在表示有生命的名词的所有格时，“-'s所有格”和“of所有格”常可以互换使用。如：the girl's name = the name of the girl 2.名词的双重所有格 代词不可与a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each, other, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词时，必须用双重所有格。 构成方式是“a/ an/ this/ that/…+名词+ of +名词性物主代词”。如：a friend of mine我的一位朋友, a pencil of hers她的一支铅笔。 考点再现03 一、用-’s或’改写下列所有格。 1. the book of Miss Liu ________________ 2. the toys of the boy ________________ 3. the friends of my father ________________ 4. the shirts of the men ________________ 5. the songs of the birds ________________ 6. the pen of John ________________ 二、单项选择。 ( )1.—What's your ________ job? —He is a fisherman. A. brother B. brothers C. brother's D. brothers' ( )2. Mrs Green is ________ mother. They are ________. A. Lucy and Lily's; twins B. Lucy's and Lily's; twins' C. Lucy and Lily's; twin D. Lucy's and Lily's; twins ( )3.—Every evening Mr King takes a ________ to his home. —That's good exercise. A. 25 minutes' walk B. 25 minute's walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 强化训练 一、写出下列名词的复数形式。 1. grape ________________ 2. peach ________________ 3. boy ________________ 4. bus ________________ 5. man ________________________ 6. sheep ________________ 7. box ________________ 8. knife ________________ 9. mouse ________________ 10. tomato ________________ 11. hero ________________ 12. desk ________________ 13. child ________________ 14. foot ________________ 二、根据提示，填入名词的正确形式。 1. It's twelve o'clock. It's time to have 1________. 2. I have one orange. You have one orange.We can make some ________juice. 3.—How many s________ are there in your class? —Fifty. There are twenty-five girls and twenty-five boys. 4.—What s________ do you like best? —I like M________ best. We sing happily and dance beautifully. 5. Look at the s________ on the wall. It means“No smoking”. 6. T________ comes after Wednesday. 7. Liu Tao's father is a t ________ driver. He works hard and sends people all around the city. 8. Mike got a lot of p________ from his mum and dad on his birthday. He's so happy. 三、根据图示，补全单词。(注意单复数形式) 1. The ________is not mine. 2. In winter, I usually play with a ________at the sports club. 3. In summer, my brother makes ________with me. 4. ________are lovely animals. People like them very much. 5. Eating too many________is not good for us. 6. Leo drew an ________each day. Finally, he became a great artist. 7. It's cold. Put on your ________, Mini. 8. March 12th is a special day. We can plant ________on this day. 9. A ________has two wings. It can fly. 10. These boys like ________. 四、用所给内容的适当形式填空。 1. They are not in the same ________(class). 2. Is this your ________(keys)? 3. Tom is washing some ________(potato). He wants to cook ________(tomato) soup. 4. The ________(policeman) are catching the three ________(thief). 5. I’ll make a pretty card for Mum on ________(mother) Day. 6. This is ________(Su Hai and Su Yang) mum, Mrs Su. 7. How many ________(day) are there in a week? 8.(淮安淮安区)I want to be an ________(art). It's my dream. 五、单项选择。 ( )1. It's the ________. We eat moon2 cakes and watch the moon. A. Spring Festival B. Dragon Boat Festival C. Mid-Autumn Festival ( )2. Tim is one ________ the English boys in my school. A. for B. to C. of ( )3. Eric has ________. A. two watches B. too watches C. two watch ( )4. Many children don't care about their________. A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths ( )5. Chinese ________welcome visitors from all over the world. A. peoples B. person C. people ( )6. Mike and Helen are from ________. A. the UK B. American C. Chinese ( )7. It's about ________from my home to our school. A. twenty minutes’ walk B. walk of twenty minutes’ C. twenty minute's walk ( )8. There were black ________ in the sky at first. Then there was heavy ________. A. cloud;rain B. clouds;rains C. clouds;rain ( )9. We have a long ________in summer.We don't have classes. A. holiday B. week C. time ( )10. My family has a big table in our________. We have our meals there. A. dining room B. bedroom C. living room ( )11.—How many ________ do you have? —Thirteen. A. boxes B. boxs C. bread ( )12. There is ________ and ________in my fridge. A. some ice creams;a cake B. a cake;some ice creams C. cakes;ice cream ( )13. Do you have any ________? A. toy animals B. toys animal C. toys animals ( )14. Christmas is in ________. A. October B. November C. December ( )15. Tina is my ________. She's my aunt's daughter. A. sister B. cousin C. brother ( )16. I must look after those ________. A. dog B. sheep C. parrot 六、根据上下文及首字母提示，填入单词，完成短文。 A lion and a mouse live in the same f________. One day, the lion was sleeping under a t________. The mouse was running up and down beside him. The mouse woke the lion up. The lion was angry, but he let the mouse go at last. One day, the lion was caught by a large n________. The mouse came and made a h________ by using its t________. The lion was happy. From then on, they became good f________. 七、根据所给单词、中文或首字母提示填空。 1. I can see some ________(honey) in the fridge. 2. There was ________(大雨) this morning. 3. There was a f________ s________(时装秀)two days ago. 4. The kite f________ h________. I couldn’t hold onto it. 5. Where's my m________ p________? I want to call my mother. 6. I often read n________ for news. 7. The t________ is ringing. Please answer it, Mike. 8. Australia is an interesting c________. 9. ________(运动爱好者) like Australian football games. 10.—Look at the ________(snowy) in the sky! —Wow, how nice! 参考答案 考点再现01 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 考点再现02 一、1. foxes 2. sheep 3. countries 4. thieves 5. coffee cups 6. photos 7. tooth 8. house 9. mouse 10. leaf 二、1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 考点再现03 一、1. Miss Liu's book 2. the boy's toys 3. my father's friends 4. the men's shirts 5. the birds' songs 6. John's pen 二、1. C 2. A 3. A 强化训练 一、1. grapes 2. peaches 3. boys4. buses 5. men 6. sheep 7. boxes 8. knives 9. mice 10. tomatoes 11. heroes 12. desks 13. children 14. feet 二、1. lunch 根据时间和首字母提示，可知中午十二点是该吃午饭的时候。 2. orange 3. students 4. subject, Music 5. sign 根据第二句“No smoking”可知, 对话提及的是标识。 6. Thursday come after 意为“在······之后到来”, Wednesday 意为“周三”,故填 Thursday。 7. taxi 8. presents 三、1.hat 2.basketball 3.ice cream 4.Dogs 5.sweets 6.egg 7.sweater 8.trees 9.bird 10.robots 四、1. class same意为“相同的”,因此名词用单数。 2. key 3. potatoes, tomato potato 是可数名词， some后面加可数名词复数，该单词复数加 es；“西红柿汤”表达方式为tomato soup。 4. policemen, thieves 由题中 are three 可知，两处均应用复数形式，答案为policemen 和 thieves。 5. Mother's 6. Su Hai and Su Yang’s 苏海和苏洋是双胞胎姐妹，所以名词所有格应为 Su Hai and Su Yang's,表示两人共同的母亲。 7. days how many 加可数名词复数形式, day 的复数形式为 days。 8. artist 五、1.museum 2.school 3.rabbit 4.bike 5.zoo 6.milk 7.tomato 8.plane 六、forest, tree, net, hole, teeth, friends 七、1.honey 2.heavy rain 3.fashion show 4.flies high 5.mobile phone 6.newspapers 7.telephone 8.country 9.Sports lover 10.snow 第 1 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $