专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（吉林通用）2026年中考英语一模分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学知识 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春德惠·一模） Everybody knows that eating carrots is good for our eyes. But according to a study, grapes could be good for eye health as well. This is good news for those who want to improve eye health but dislike carrots. Scientists from Singapore wondered if foods rich in anti-aging substances (抗氧化物质) help eye health. Grapes have these substances, so 34 adults joined an experiment (实验). Half ate one and a half cups of grapes daily. The other half had a dummy snack (安慰剂零食) which tasted like grapes but without the substances. The adults had the snacks for 16 weeks and didn’t know which they ate. All of them followed the rules and finished the experiment carefully. Later, those who ate grapes had better anti-aging abilities and a higher level of eye-protecting pigment (色素)in their eyes. This pigment protects eyes from blue light from computer and smartphone screens. It can make our eyes feel tired after long-time use. The study was the first to prove (证明) grapes can improve eye health. ________ So, if you don’t like carrots but still want to keep your eyes healthy, try eating some grapes every day. They are tasty and good for your eyes, especially when you use computers or phones a lot. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer begin this passage? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a story. D．By comparing two things. 2．How long did the experiment last? A．34 weeks. B．34 days. C．16 weeks. D．16 days. 3．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．The pigment. B．The blue light. C．The screen. D．The grape. 4．Which sentence can be put in the blank “________” in the last paragraph? A．Blue light does harm to our eyes. B．Carrots are good for people using screens. C．Eating healthy food is quite important. D．Grapes are a great choice for eye care. 5．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Which Is Better, Carrots or Grapes? B．A Famous Experiment on Grapes. C．Grapes Are Good for Eye Health. D．How to Keep Eyes Healthy Every Day? Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春九台·联考） ①The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. ②The Yangtze River, China’s longest river, often caused serious floods in the past, bringing disasters to millions of people. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. ③People began to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They moved mountains, changed the river’s path (路径) to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building! ④Today, the dam plays a key role in China. It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system (通航系统) helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock (船闸), and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. ⑤The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder. Students learn about its scientific achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with determination (决心), humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The Yangtze River. B．The Xiling Gorge. C．The Three Gorges Dam. D．The engineering project. 7．What are the uses of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage? ①Controlling floods                      ②Producing clean energy ③Creating new tourist places              ④Improving ship transportation A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 8．What does the underlined part “a key role” mean? A．A big dream. B．A small step. C．An important part. D．A useless part. 9．Which is the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To list the dam’s benefits to society. B．To describe challenges in building the dam. C．To explain why Chinese people built the dam. D．To praise Chinese people’s wisdom and creativity. 主题02 人与社会——公共服务 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春二道·联考） Everyone faces difficulties in life. Daniel Kish was born with an unusual eye condition and lost his eyesight before he was even 14 months old. Soon after, though, he started doing something amazing. He learned to click his tongue to help him get around. Now Kish gets around using sonar (声呐), and he’s so good at it that he can ride a bicycle alone on public roads. In 2000, he started the organization World Access for the Blind (WAFTB), where he teaches others to use sonar. In an interview with National Geographic, he explains how sonar works. “When I click, it creates sound waves (浪). These waves reflect off surfaces all around and come back to my ears. My brain then processes the sound and turns it into mental pictures. Each click is like a camera flash-it helps me make a 3D picture of my surroundings (周围) for hundreds of feet. It’s like having a chat with the environment.” Kish thinks it’s exciting to ride a bike using sonar, even though he has to click twice a second — way more than he usually does. “Getting around this way might sound a little dangerous,” he says. “But most people in the world fear things they just imagine. I love hiking and mountain biking. I go almost everywhere, and I’ve never had an accident or hurt myself.” He’s happy to be able to help more blind children make their lives better. “We’ve helped over 10,000 students in nearly 40 countries,” he tells the reporter. “Many students are surprised at how fast they see results. Seeing isn’t in the eyes—it’s in the mind.” 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Why does Kish move around using sonar? A．Because he is good at making clicks. B．Because it makes him “see” the world. C．Because he has a great interest in science. D．Because it is important for him to keep healthy. 2．Which of the following is the right order showing how sonar works? ①The sound waves reflect off surfaces. ②The person makes a clicking sound. ③The brain turns the sound into pictures. ④The sound waves reach the person’s ears. A．①④③② B．②①④③ C．①④②③ D．②③①④ 3．What can we learn about World Access for the Blind (WAFTB) from the passage? A．It offers the blind free bicycles. B．It sells sonar products to the blind. C．It teaches the blind to use sonar. D．It helps the blind find more friends. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Daniel Kish is brave and helpful. B．Daniel Kish uses sonar just for riding bicycles. C．Most blind people can use sonar easily. D．Daniel Kish is afraid of dangerous sports. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living without fear B．Travelling with the blind C．Hoping for the future D．Looking around the world Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春·一模） Good news for train travelers! More than 8,000 high-speed trains across China provide quiet car services starting from Feb.1, 2026. How can you choose a seat in the Quiet Car? It is very easy. When you buy your ticket on the 12306 website, look for trains that show the “Quiet Car” sign. You can then choose a seat in that special car. There are some simple but important rules in the Quiet Car. You should talk very softly if you need to speak. You must turn off the sound on your phone, computer, or tablet. Also, please curb loud conversations. The goal is to make as little noise as possible. One day in March, a young mother took her three-year-old kid on a train. She bought tickets in the Quiet Car. To keep her kid quiet, she gave him a cabbage and a big bag. The kid sat happily, pulling off cabbage leaves piece by piece and putting them into the bag. He stayed completely quiet for two hours. Other passengers smiled at the mother’s smart idea. This story shows that with a little creativity, even kids can enjoy the Quiet Car. However, the Quiet Car has some problems. For example, some passengers fall asleep and snore (打鼾) loudly. A man once reported this to 12306. The customer service replied, “Passengers don’t snore on purpose. If troubled, first keep calm (冷静). Then tell the train staff at once. They will help you find another seat. If no seat is available, call us.” For your next trip, try the “Quiet Car”. This simple choice can greatly improve your travel experience. Let’s all follow the rules and enjoy quiet journeys together. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．When did the “Quiet Car” service start? A．On Feb.8, 2026. B．On Feb.1, 2026. C．At the end of 2025. D．One day in March. 7．What does the underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Start. B．Hear. C．Avoid. D．Make. 8．Why could the three-year-old kid keep quiet during the journey? A．Because he slept all the way. B．Because he read picture books. C．Because someone shared food with him. D．Because he kept pulling off the cabbage leaves. 9．What’s the correct order to deal with loud snores in the Quiet Car? ① Passengers call 12306 for further help if needed. ② It is important for passengers to keep calm when troubled. ③ Passengers tell the train staff about the situation. ④ Passengers move to another seat with the staff’s help. A．②→③→④→① B．①→③→②→④ C．②→①→③→④ D．④→②→③→① 10．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By giving reasons. B．By asking questions. C．By using numbers and dates. D．By listing rules and telling stories. 主题03 人与社会——历史的发展 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春·模拟预测） There are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1750, there were no restaurants. That means there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere. There were eating places travelers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a “restaurant”. A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1750, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups. He used the word “restaurant” to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help “restore”（恢复）your health—so he called the soups “restaurants”. Soon, people started buying Boulanger’s soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word “restaurant” to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More “restaurants” opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often. Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich and so on. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Before 1750, ________. A．there were no menus anywhere. B．there were restaurants in the world. C．there were places that provided the restaurant experience. D．Travelers could hardly find places that served food. 2．The underlined word “taverns” probably means ________. A．酒馆 B．剧院 C．商场 D．广场 3．Which of the following is True according to the passage? A．People only bought soup when they were ill. B．Over time, more “restaurants” opened in Paris. C．Boulanger loved soup so much that he opened a place that sold soup. D．Soups used to be considered something that could help restore your health. 4．Different types of restaurants began to appear ________. A．before 1750 B．in 1750 C．in the 1790s D．by the mid-1800s 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Restaurants in France. B．A man called Boulanger sold the best soup. C．The history and development of restaurants. D．Where did the word “restaurant” come from? Passage 2 （2026·吉林辽源·一模） When you go to the park, you might notice many older people listening to audiobooks (有声书)instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective (有效的)as reading a book? Reading needs us to put all our attention on the words in a book, and we also need to find time and a place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get knowledge from audiobooks as effectively as we do from paper books? Researchers tried to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a paper book of the same information. It turned out that they got the same information, whether they listened to it or read it. Another study further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描)people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activates (激活)almost the same parts of the brain as reading does. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing several things at one time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well,” said Professor Daniel Willingham. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 6．Why does the writer ask questions in Paragraph 1? A．To tell a story. B．To interest readers. C．To give an example. D．To show opinions. 7．What does the underlined word “break” probably mean? A．Rest. B．Offer. C．Hit. D．Help. 8．What’s Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Different kinds of paper books. B．The way people learn from paper books. C．Several difficulties of reading paper books. D．The reason people learn better from paper books. 9．What can we infer about audiobooks from the text? A．They are more popular among old people. B．People need to pay more attention to them. C．They are more effective than paper books. D．People can get more information from them. 10．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the function of audiobooks. B．To advise more people to listen to audiobooks. C．To express the importance of reading paper books. D．To discuss the effectiveness of the two ways of reading. 主题01 人与社会——人类发明与创新 Passage 1 （2026·吉林四平·一模） ①Do you want to share your dreams with others? Now, a new AI device (人工智能设备) called Dream Recorder can help! It can make your words become dream videos easily! ②How does it work? When you wake up, press the record button (录制按钮) first. Then, talk about your dream—what you see or how you feel in your dream. After that, it makes a short video. You can also choose how the dream looks, like picking its colors. At last, you can watch it on the screen (屏幕). ③In the Dream Recorder, you can keep seven videos—one for each day of the week. With its help, you can find patterns of your dreams and know them better, like “Oh, I often dream about animals!” ④Another good thing is that it doesn’t need a phone or apps. It works by itself. At night, it only makes soft light—so you can sleep well. ⑤Many children love it. “It’s so fun! I watch my dream about an interesting park!” says Lily, a 9-year-old girl. She shares the video with her sister, and they laugh a lot. ⑥Some teenagers like it too. “I always forget dreams first, but now I can keep them as videos,” says John, a boy of 14. “It also helps me know how I feel in the dream. One day, I am happy with a little dog.” ⑦Dream Recorder is a fun and easy tool. Now, let’s keep and share our dreams! 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph ②? A．The dream. B．The screen. C．The Dream Recorder. D．The record button. 2．What’s the right order to use Dream Recorder? ①Talk about the dream.        ②Make a short video. ③Watch the dream.        ④Press the record button. A．④①②③ B．①③④② C．①②③④ D．④③①② 3．How old is John? A．9. B．14. C．15. D．16. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A Cool Phone for Dreams B．Dream Recorder: Turn Your Dreams into Videos C．My Funny Dream About a Park D．How to Share Your Dream Videos 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春吉大附中·联考） ①Have you ever noticed that some kids love going to big parties or hanging out with a group of friends, while others prefer to stay at home, read a book, or just enjoy their peaceful time? Well, there’s a reason for that! It has to do with your personality (性格). ②Psychologists (心理学家) say there are two main kinds of people: E-people and I-people. Let me tell you what they’re like. ③E-people love being around other people. They feel energized when they’re with friends, going to parties, or doing fun group activities. For them, happiness is all about sharing laughs, stories, and exciting things with others. ④I-people like quiet time. They feel more relaxed and happy when they’re alone, doing things like reading, drawing, or just watching  movies. They don’t need a lot of people around to feel good. They just need themselves and their favorite activities. ⑤But here’s the cool thing: Neither way is better! Both E-people and I-people can be happy, as long as they do what they enjoy. It’s like finding your favorite taste of ice cream—some people love chocolate, while others love strawberry. Both are great, but it depends on what you like. ⑥The most important thing is to understand yourself and do what makes you happy. Life is about finding what works for you and enjoying every minute. After all, happiness is like a jigsaw (拼图)—each piece is different, but when they fit together, they make your life complete. ⑦So, whether you prefer laughing with friends or enjoying quiet moments alone, embrace your true self. Be yourself, and your life will be filled with joy! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling stories. D．By giving examples. 7．What does the underlined word “energized” mean in Paragraph 3? A．bored B．active C．tired D．nervous 8．What can we know about I-people from Paragraph 4? A．They like sharing with others. B．They prefer to join big parties. C．They need a lot of people around. D．They enjoy reading by themselves. 9．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare the advantages of E-people and I-people. B．To explain why people have different personalities. C．To tell people which personality is better. D．To encourage people to accept themselves and be themselves. 主题02 人与社会——历史的发展 Passage 1 （2026·吉林四平·联考） ①What did people do to communicate in ancient times? Here are some very interesting answers to this question. ②Alphorns (阿尔卑斯长号角) were once used to communicate in the mountains in Switzerland. They are very long and they are very heavy, too. So, alphorns are hard work to blow. Then why use them? Well, they make a loud sound which travels much further than the human voice. Herdsmen (牧民) used them to call cows in the distance for milking. At sunset, alphorns were also used to send a message down to villagers that all was well. These days, they’re mostly used as musical instruments. ③The people of La Gomera, an island in Europe, have their own special way of sending messages from mountain to mountain. They use a whistled (口哨的) language named el silbo, which comes from their language Spanish. Whistling can be heard within five kilometers, which means it can be used across much greater distances than shou ting. El silbo can be used for all kinds of messages, including greetings and announcements. El silbo is used a lot less than it used to be, but primary school students in La Gomera have to learn it. ④Did you know it’s also possible to send messages without making a noise? This is called visual communication, and it includes the use of flags and even smoke. Long ago, soldiers along the Great Wall in China used smoke as a warning. If they noticed the enemy from their signal (信号) tower, they lit a smoky fire. When soldiers in other towers saw the smoke signal, they lit fires too. In this way, messages about the enemy’s arrival could travel as far as 800 km in just a few hours. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What are alphorns mostly used for today? A．Communicating in the mountains. B．Calling cows for milking. C．Sending messages down to villagers. D．Playing a kind of music. 2．What does the underlined word “named” mean in English? A．Phoned. B．Called. C．Talked. D．Sounded. 3．Why do the people of La Gomera use el silbo to communicate? A．Because it can send messages to animals. B．Because it is different from their language. C．Because it can be heard at a great distance. D．Because it is a subject for young students. 4．How did soldiers along the Great Wall get warning messages between towers? A．By listening. B．By whistling. C．By shouting. D．By watching. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春东北师大附中·联考） ①There are many different houses in the world. They can be different because people are different. The houses can also be different because of where they are. Houses can be made in many shapes. ②The dome house Some people live in windy places. Big winds like hurricanes (飓风) , can blow houses down. In one place, a house was made in the shape of a dome. When a big hurricane came, it didn’t blow down. However, all the other houses around it did. A dome house is made of triangle (三角形) shapes. The shape of the dome house lets the wind go around it. A dome house doesn’t have a roof (屋顶) to blow off. There is no wind in a dome house, so it is safer in a fire. ③A ball-shaped house Some houses have been made in a shape like a ball. The walls, roof and floor are all one in a house with this shape. The wind moves around—the outside of the house. Ball-shaped houses can be hung from things or float (漂浮) on water. ④▲ A house on the ground can take up a lot of space. A house in a tree doesn’t use any space on the ground at all. No trees have to be chopped down to make room for these houses. And the tree house can be built in the shape of bee’s nest. Such a house doesn’t take very long to move to a new place. So it is helpful during the natural disasters (灾害). ⑤A walking house Some people have made a house that can walk. It is the shape of a long hexagon (六边形). The house has six legs. It can walk over any ground. When it walks, three legs are always on the ground. A walking house would be very good if there was a flood or a fire. ⑥Different shapes of house are so useful that different people can choose whatever they need. Which one do you prefer? Probably you can create another different shape of house one day！ 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．How many shapes of house are introduced in the article? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 7．What advantages does a dome house have? A．It takes up little space. B．It can protect from the strong wind. C．It can walk over any ground. D．It has more beautiful shapes. 8．Which heading could be put in the ▲? A．A house in a tree B．A house in space C．A running house D．A flying house 9．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． D． 10．Where can we read the article? A．In a medical magazine. B．In a story book. C．In a history and cultural guidebook. D．In a science section of a newspaper. 主题03 人与社会——文化习俗 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春绿园·联考） ①You can probably find a flea market (跳蚤市场) close to you. In the market, you can pick up a number of second-hand products. But why are they called flea markets? Do they have anything to do with fleas? ②The origin of the words “flea market” is somewhat of a mystery. The most widely accepted theory is that the words came from the name of an outdoor market in Paris in the 1880s. A clever buyer named the market “Le Marche aux Puces”, which means “market of fleas” in English. The things that were sold there, such as clothes, had been owned and used before. They probably carried fleas. ③Another possible story takes us back to the time of Napoleon III (拿破仑三世). City developers wanted to make central Paris clean and tidy. Straight, wide roads and new buildings were built in the city. The traders in the area had to move away or “flee”. At some point, these “flee markets” became known as “flea markets”. ④A third explanation comes from colonial (殖民地时期的) America. The words “flea market” may have come from the Fly Market in the Dutch settlement (定居点) of New Netherland. The Dutch actually called it Vlie Market. “Vlie” stands for “valley (山谷)” in the Dutch language. English speakers pronounced the word with an “f” sound instead of the “v” sound, turning it into “fly.” Over time, it may have become “flea”. ⑤Which of these possibilities would you rather believe? No matter what your answer is, one thing is certain: Flea markets have been around for hundreds of years. Hopefully, there aren’t any real fleas when you’re buying something. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．According to the most widely accepted story, what do flea markets have to do with fleas? A．The market was built for flea sellers. B．The second-hand products sold there might carry fleas. C．Fleas were the main products of the market. D．The market’s builder was named Flea. 2．What does the underlined word “origin” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The place or time for something to begin. B．The end or result of something. C．The price or value of something. D．The shape or size of something. 3．Why did traders have to move away during Napoleon III’s time? A．Because they wanted to build new shops in other places. B．Because their products were not popular anymore. C．Because they had to avoid the illness that fleas may bring. D．Because city developers wanted to make central Paris clean and tidy. 4．According to the third explanation, how did “Vlie Market” become “flea market”? A．Dutch speakers changed the spelling on purpose. B．The settlement’s name was changed to “flea”. C．The market started to sell fleas instead of valleys. D．English speakers pronounced “Vlie” as “fly” first, and it later became “flea”. 5．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1  ②=Paragraph 2,...) A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春新区·联考） A Chinese 2D animated (动画) film called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the box-office record for Chinese 2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (大鱼海棠). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It comes from a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters (妖怪): a pig, a toad, a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla. They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only look for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we can play a big part at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very attractive—each picture uses 50 ink layers (涂层). Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous director. B．It has many related products like soft toys. C．Its painting style is interesting. D．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. 7．What does the underlined word “attractive” in paragraph 3 mean? A．interesting B．eye-catching C．boring D．exciting 8．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers that the film used more ink than other films. D．To introduce the history of Chinese ink painting. 9．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” made 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The story of “Nobody” comes from a short film from Journey to the West. D．The film wants to tell us that common people can be heroes. 10．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③/④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $丽学科网 www .zxxk com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题01人与社会—科学知识 Passage 1 1.D2.C3.B4.D5.C Passage 2 6.C7.B8.C9.C10.D 主题02人与社会一公共服务 Passage 1 1.B2.B3.C4.A5.A Passage 2 6.B7.C8.D9.A10.D 主题03人与社会—历史的发展 Passage 1 1.A2.A3.D4.D5.C Passage 2 6.B7.A8.D9.B10.D 进阶 提升 主题01人与社会一人类发明与创新 Passage 1 1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D 1/2 丽学科网 www .zxxk com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 6.A7.B8.D9.A10.D 主题02人与社会——历史的发展 Passage 1 1.D2.B3.C4.D5.A Passage 2 6.C7.B8.A9.B10.D 主题03人与社会—文化习俗 Passage 1 1.B2.A3.D4.D5.C Passage 2 6.D7.B8.B9.D10.A 2/2 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学知识 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春德惠·一模） Everybody knows that eating carrots is good for our eyes. But according to a study, grapes could be good for eye health as well. This is good news for those who want to improve eye health but dislike carrots. Scientists from Singapore wondered if foods rich in anti-aging substances (抗氧化物质) help eye health. Grapes have these substances, so 34 adults joined an experiment (实验). Half ate one and a half cups of grapes daily. The other half had a dummy snack (安慰剂零食) which tasted like grapes but without the substances. The adults had the snacks for 16 weeks and didn’t know which they ate. All of them followed the rules and finished the experiment carefully. Later, those who ate grapes had better anti-aging abilities and a higher level of eye-protecting pigment (色素)in their eyes. This pigment protects eyes from blue light from computer and smartphone screens. It can make our eyes feel tired after long-time use. The study was the first to prove (证明) grapes can improve eye health. ________ So, if you don’t like carrots but still want to keep your eyes healthy, try eating some grapes every day. They are tasty and good for your eyes, especially when you use computers or phones a lot. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer begin this passage? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a story. D．By comparing two things. 2．How long did the experiment last? A．34 weeks. B．34 days. C．16 weeks. D．16 days. 3．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．The pigment. B．The blue light. C．The screen. D．The grape. 4．Which sentence can be put in the blank “________” in the last paragraph? A．Blue light does harm to our eyes. B．Carrots are good for people using screens. C．Eating healthy food is quite important. D．Grapes are a great choice for eye care. 5．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Which Is Better, Carrots or Grapes? B．A Famous Experiment on Grapes. C．Grapes Are Good for Eye Health. D．How to Keep Eyes Healthy Every Day? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新加坡科学家通过实验证明葡萄中的抗衰老物质有助于保护眼睛健康，尤其是减少蓝光对眼睛的伤害。 1．文章第一句提到“吃胡萝卜对眼睛好”，第二句用“But”转折引出“葡萄对眼睛也好”，将两者进行对比。 2．根据第二段倒数第二句“The adults had the snacks for 16 weeks”可知，实验持续了16周。 3．第三段先说明色素（pigment）保护眼睛免受蓝光伤害，接着指出长时间暴露于蓝光会使眼睛疲劳。因此“It”指代上一句中的“blue light”。 4．最后一段在总结全文，前文证明葡萄对眼睛好，空白后建议不喜欢胡萝卜的人尝试吃葡萄。因此空白处应承上启下，强调葡萄是护眼的好选择。 5．全文围绕“葡萄对眼睛健康有益”这一核心发现展开，包括实验过程和结论。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春九台·联考） ①The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. ②The Yangtze River, China’s longest river, often caused serious floods in the past, bringing disasters to millions of people. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. ③People began to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They moved mountains, changed the river’s path (路径) to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building! ④Today, the dam plays a key role in China. It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system (通航系统) helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock (船闸), and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. ⑤The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder. Students learn about its scientific achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with determination (决心), humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The Yangtze River. B．The Xiling Gorge. C．The Three Gorges Dam. D．The engineering project. 7．What are the uses of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage? ①Controlling floods                      ②Producing clean energy ③Creating new tourist places              ④Improving ship transportation A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 8．What does the underlined part “a key role” mean? A．A big dream. B．A small step. C．An important part. D．A useless part. 9．Which is the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To list the dam’s benefits to society. B．To describe challenges in building the dam. C．To explain why Chinese people built the dam. D．To praise Chinese people’s wisdom and creativity. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文介绍了三峡大坝的地理位置、建造背景、建设过程、主要功能及其象征意义，展现了中国人民的智慧、勇气与创造力。 6．根据第一段第一句 “The Three Gorges Dam, lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world.” 可知，后一句中的It指代的是前面提到的三峡大坝。 7．根据第四段第二三四句“It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system(连通器系统) helps ships pass.”可知，三峡大坝可以防洪、生产清洁能源、改善船舶运输。 8．根据第四段内容可知，三峡大坝大大减少了洪水风险、生产清洁电力、帮助船舶通行，说明它在中国发挥着“重要作用”。a key role意为“重要作用”，与An important part意思相近。 9．文章为 “总—分—总” 结构，第①段总述三峡大坝，第②③④段分别从建造背景、建设过程、实际功能分述，第⑤段总结升华，对应 “①统领②③④，再汇总至⑤” 的图示，故选图三。 10．根据第一段最后一句“It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people.”以及第五段第一句“The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China‘s courage and creativity.”和第五段最后一句“The dam teaches us that with determination, humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature.”可知，作者在文中多次强调三峡大坝展示了中国人民的智慧、勤劳、勇气和创造力。因此，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是赞扬中国人民的智慧和创造力。 主题02 人与社会——公共服务 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春二道·联考） Everyone faces difficulties in life. Daniel Kish was born with an unusual eye condition and lost his eyesight before he was even 14 months old. Soon after, though, he started doing something amazing. He learned to click his tongue to help him get around. Now Kish gets around using sonar (声呐), and he’s so good at it that he can ride a bicycle alone on public roads. In 2000, he started the organization World Access for the Blind (WAFTB), where he teaches others to use sonar. In an interview with National Geographic, he explains how sonar works. “When I click, it creates sound waves (浪). These waves reflect off surfaces all around and come back to my ears. My brain then processes the sound and turns it into mental pictures. Each click is like a camera flash-it helps me make a 3D picture of my surroundings (周围) for hundreds of feet. It’s like having a chat with the environment.” Kish thinks it’s exciting to ride a bike using sonar, even though he has to click twice a second — way more than he usually does. “Getting around this way might sound a little dangerous,” he says. “But most people in the world fear things they just imagine. I love hiking and mountain biking. I go almost everywhere, and I’ve never had an accident or hurt myself.” He’s happy to be able to help more blind children make their lives better. “We’ve helped over 10,000 students in nearly 40 countries,” he tells the reporter. “Many students are surprised at how fast they see results. Seeing isn’t in the eyes—it’s in the mind.” 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Why does Kish move around using sonar? A．Because he is good at making clicks. B．Because it makes him “see” the world. C．Because he has a great interest in science. D．Because it is important for him to keep healthy. 2．Which of the following is the right order showing how sonar works? ①The sound waves reflect off surfaces. ②The person makes a clicking sound. ③The brain turns the sound into pictures. ④The sound waves reach the person’s ears. A．①④③② B．②①④③ C．①④②③ D．②③①④ 3．What can we learn about World Access for the Blind (WAFTB) from the passage? A．It offers the blind free bicycles. B．It sells sonar products to the blind. C．It teaches the blind to use sonar. D．It helps the blind find more friends. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Daniel Kish is brave and helpful. B．Daniel Kish uses sonar just for riding bicycles. C．Most blind people can use sonar easily. D．Daniel Kish is afraid of dangerous sports. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living without fear B．Travelling with the blind C．Hoping for the future D．Looking around the world 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了盲人Daniel Kish通过自学舌头发出的声呐来感知环境、独立出行，并创办组织帮助其他盲人学会这项技能的事迹。 1．由第二段：“He learned to click his tongue to help him get around”和第三段“My brain then processes the sound and turns it into mental pictures”，表明Kish使用声呐是因为它能帮助他“看见”周围的世界。 2．由第三段描述可知，声呐的工作原理为：先发出咔嗒声 (②)，声波从物体表面反射回来 (①)，反射的声波传回耳朵 (④)，大脑将声音转化为图像 (③)，因此正确顺序为②①④③。 3．由第二段：“he started the organization World Access for the Blind (WAFTB), where he teaches others to use sonar”，表明该组织教盲人使用声呐。 4．由第四段：“I love hiking and mountain biking. I go almost everywhere, and I’ve never had an accident or hurt myself”以及第五段“He’s happy to be able to help more blind children make their lives better”，表明Kish勇敢尝试危险活动且乐于助人，因此推断他勇敢且乐于助人。 5．全文围绕Kish克服失明障碍、勇敢使用声呐独立生活并帮助他人展开，体现了“无惧生活”的主题，且第四段提到“most people in the world fear things they just imagine”与标题呼应，因此最佳标题为“Living without fear”。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春·一模） Good news for train travelers! More than 8,000 high-speed trains across China provide quiet car services starting from Feb.1, 2026. How can you choose a seat in the Quiet Car? It is very easy. When you buy your ticket on the 12306 website, look for trains that show the “Quiet Car” sign. You can then choose a seat in that special car. There are some simple but important rules in the Quiet Car. You should talk very softly if you need to speak. You must turn off the sound on your phone, computer, or tablet. Also, please curb loud conversations. The goal is to make as little noise as possible. One day in March, a young mother took her three-year-old kid on a train. She bought tickets in the Quiet Car. To keep her kid quiet, she gave him a cabbage and a big bag. The kid sat happily, pulling off cabbage leaves piece by piece and putting them into the bag. He stayed completely quiet for two hours. Other passengers smiled at the mother’s smart idea. This story shows that with a little creativity, even kids can enjoy the Quiet Car. However, the Quiet Car has some problems. For example, some passengers fall asleep and snore (打鼾) loudly. A man once reported this to 12306. The customer service replied, “Passengers don’t snore on purpose. If troubled, first keep calm (冷静). Then tell the train staff at once. They will help you find another seat. If no seat is available, call us.” For your next trip, try the “Quiet Car”. This simple choice can greatly improve your travel experience. Let’s all follow the rules and enjoy quiet journeys together. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．When did the “Quiet Car” service start? A．On Feb.8, 2026. B．On Feb.1, 2026. C．At the end of 2025. D．One day in March. 7．What does the underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Start. B．Hear. C．Avoid. D．Make. 8．Why could the three-year-old kid keep quiet during the journey? A．Because he slept all the way. B．Because he read picture books. C．Because someone shared food with him. D．Because he kept pulling off the cabbage leaves. 9．What’s the correct order to deal with loud snores in the Quiet Car? ① Passengers call 12306 for further help if needed. ② It is important for passengers to keep calm when troubled. ③ Passengers tell the train staff about the situation. ④ Passengers move to another seat with the staff’s help. A．②→③→④→① B．①→③→②→④ C．②→①→③→④ D．④→②→③→① 10．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By giving reasons. B．By asking questions. C．By using numbers and dates. D．By listing rules and telling stories. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国高铁“静音车厢”服务的启动时间、选座方式、乘车规则，通过实例说明如何在静音车厢照顾孩子，以及处理车厢内噪音问题的方法，并呼吁乘客遵守规则享受安静旅程。 6．第一段“More than 8,000 high-speed trains across China provide quiet car services starting from Feb.1, 2026.”直接说明了“静音车厢”服务于2026年2月1日启动。 7．第三段“The goal is to make as little noise as possible.”指出目标是尽可能减少噪音，因此可知前句是指控制大声交谈的行为，curb表示“控制”，与avoid近义。 8．第四段“The kid sat happily, pulling off cabbage leaves piece by piece and putting them into the bag. He stayed completely quiet for two hours.”表明孩子保持安静是因为他一直在一片一片地剥卷心菜叶子并放进袋子里。 9．第五段“If troubled, first keep calm (冷静). Then tell the train staff at once. They will help you find another seat. If no seat is available, call us.”表明处理大声打鼾的顺序是：保持冷静→告知列车工作人员→在工作人员帮助下换座→必要时拨打电话求助。 10．第三段“There are some simple but important rules in the Quiet Car.”介绍了静音车厢的乘车规则；第四段讲述母亲用卷心菜让孩子保持安静的故事。由此可知文章是通过“列举规则+讲述故事”的方式组织内容。 主题03 人与社会——历史的发展 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春·模拟预测） There are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1750, there were no restaurants. That means there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere. There were eating places travelers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a “restaurant”. A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1750, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups. He used the word “restaurant” to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help “restore”（恢复）your health—so he called the soups “restaurants”. Soon, people started buying Boulanger’s soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word “restaurant” to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More “restaurants” opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often. Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich and so on. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Before 1750, ________. A．there were no menus anywhere. B．there were restaurants in the world. C．there were places that provided the restaurant experience. D．Travelers could hardly find places that served food. 2．The underlined word “taverns” probably means ________. A．酒馆 B．剧院 C．商场 D．广场 3．Which of the following is True according to the passage? A．People only bought soup when they were ill. B．Over time, more “restaurants” opened in Paris. C．Boulanger loved soup so much that he opened a place that sold soup. D．Soups used to be considered something that could help restore your health. 4．Different types of restaurants began to appear ________. A．before 1750 B．in 1750 C．in the 1790s D．by the mid-1800s 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Restaurants in France. B．A man called Boulanger sold the best soup. C．The history and development of restaurants. D．Where did the word “restaurant” come from? 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了餐厅的起源与发展历史，从1750年之前无菜单、无现代餐厅的状态，到Boulanger开创“restaurant”概念，再到菜单出现、全球各类餐厅普及的完整历程。 1．文中第一段明确提到“Before 1750, there were no restaurants... In fact, there were no menus anywhere.”，说明1750年之前，世界上任何地方都没有菜单。 2．文中第二段提到“there were taverns where one could get drinks.”，结合“可以买到饮品”的描述，可推断“taverns”的含义为酒馆，符合语境。 3．文中第三段提到“At that time, soups were considered something that could help ‘restore’ your health—so he called the soups 'restaurants'.”，直接说明当时汤被认为可以帮助恢复健康。其他选项中，人们并非只在生病时买汤，更多餐厅开在法国而非仅巴黎，Boulanger开店是用“restaurant”命名汤而非单纯热爱汤。 4．文中最后一段提到“By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world.”，说明到19世纪中期，世界各地出现了多种类型的餐厅。 5．文章从餐厅的起源、“restaurant”一词的由来，到菜单出现、全球餐厅发展，完整讲述了餐厅的历史与发展，核心主旨是餐厅的发展历程。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林辽源·一模） When you go to the park, you might notice many older people listening to audiobooks (有声书)instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective (有效的)as reading a book? Reading needs us to put all our attention on the words in a book, and we also need to find time and a place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get knowledge from audiobooks as effectively as we do from paper books? Researchers tried to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a paper book of the same information. It turned out that they got the same information, whether they listened to it or read it. Another study further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描)people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activates (激活)almost the same parts of the brain as reading does. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing several things at one time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well,” said Professor Daniel Willingham. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 6．Why does the writer ask questions in Paragraph 1? A．To tell a story. B．To interest readers. C．To give an example. D．To show opinions. 7．What does the underlined word “break” probably mean? A．Rest. B．Offer. C．Hit. D．Help. 8．What’s Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Different kinds of paper books. B．The way people learn from paper books. C．Several difficulties of reading paper books. D．The reason people learn better from paper books. 9．What can we infer about audiobooks from the text? A．They are more popular among old people. B．People need to pay more attention to them. C．They are more effective than paper books. D．People can get more information from them. 10．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the function of audiobooks. B．To advise more people to listen to audiobooks. C．To express the importance of reading paper books. D．To discuss the effectiveness of the two ways of reading. 【答案】6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文围绕有声书与纸质书的阅读有效性展开讨论，通过研究实验对比两种阅读方式的效果，并分析了部分人更偏好纸质书的原因。 6．第一段以提问的方式引出有声书这一话题，目的是吸引读者的阅读兴趣，引出下文的讨论。 7．划线词“break”所在句为“…it gives your eyes a break, too.”，结合前文提到纸质书阅读需要专注、有声书可随时随地听，可知此处指有声书能让眼睛得到休息，“break”意为“休息”，对应选项A Rest。 8．第五段开头提到“However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books.”，随后解释了原因，因此本段主要讲述人们认为从纸质书学习效果更好的理由。 9．最后一段提到“when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing several things at one time. ‘If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well,’”，说明听有声书时容易分心，因此需要人们投入更多注意力才能保证学习效果。 10．全文围绕“听有声书和读纸质书哪种方式更有效”这一核心问题展开，通过实验、分析等方式讨论两种阅读方式的有效性，因此本文的主要目的是讨论这两种阅读方式的有效性。 主题01 人与社会——人类发明与创新 Passage 1 （2026·吉林四平·一模） ①Do you want to share your dreams with others? Now, a new AI device (人工智能设备) called Dream Recorder can help! It can make your words become dream videos easily! ②How does it work? When you wake up, press the record button (录制按钮) first. Then, talk about your dream—what you see or how you feel in your dream. After that, it makes a short video. You can also choose how the dream looks, like picking its colors. At last, you can watch it on the screen (屏幕). ③In the Dream Recorder, you can keep seven videos—one for each day of the week. With its help, you can find patterns of your dreams and know them better, like “Oh, I often dream about animals!” ④Another good thing is that it doesn’t need a phone or apps. It works by itself. At night, it only makes soft light—so you can sleep well. ⑤Many children love it. “It’s so fun! I watch my dream about an interesting park!” says Lily, a 9-year-old girl. She shares the video with her sister, and they laugh a lot. ⑥Some teenagers like it too. “I always forget dreams first, but now I can keep them as videos,” says John, a boy of 14. “It also helps me know how I feel in the dream. One day, I am happy with a little dog.” ⑦Dream Recorder is a fun and easy tool. Now, let’s keep and share our dreams! 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph ②? A．The dream. B．The screen. C．The Dream Recorder. D．The record button. 2．What’s the right order to use Dream Recorder? ①Talk about the dream.        ②Make a short video. ③Watch the dream.        ④Press the record button. A．④①②③ B．①③④② C．①②③④ D．④③①② 3．How old is John? A．9. B．14. C．15. D．16. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A Cool Phone for Dreams B．Dream Recorder: Turn Your Dreams into Videos C．My Funny Dream About a Park D．How to Share Your Dream Videos 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款名为Dream Recorder的新型人工智能设备，它可以将人们的梦境转化为视频，还介绍了该设备的使用方法、优点以及人们对它的评价。 1．第二段介绍了Dream Recorder的工作原理，前文提到了这款设备的操作流程，结合上下文可知，划线单词“it”指代的是the Dream Recorder（Dream Recorder这款设备），对应选项C。 2．根据第二段内容：“When you wake up, press the record button first. Then, talk about your dream... After that, it makes a short video... At last, you can watch it on the screen.”可知使用顺序为：按下录制按钮→讲述梦境→生成短视频→观看视频，对应顺序④①②③，对应选项A。 3．根据第六段内容：“says John, a boy of 14.”，可知John的年龄是14岁。 4．文章围绕Dream Recorder展开，核心介绍了它可以将梦境转化为视频的功能，因此最佳标题为“Dream Recorder: Turn Your Dreams into Videos”。 5．文章结构为：第①段总起，引出Dream Recorder这款设备；第②段介绍其工作原理，第③-⑥段分别介绍设备的优点、人们的使用反馈；第⑦段总结全文，对应选项D的结构。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春吉大附中·联考） ①Have you ever noticed that some kids love going to big parties or hanging out with a group of friends, while others prefer to stay at home, read a book, or just enjoy their peaceful time? Well, there’s a reason for that! It has to do with your personality (性格). ②Psychologists (心理学家) say there are two main kinds of people: E-people and I-people. Let me tell you what they’re like. ③E-people love being around other people. They feel energized when they’re with friends, going to parties, or doing fun group activities. For them, happiness is all about sharing laughs, stories, and exciting things with others. ④I-people like quiet time. They feel more relaxed and happy when they’re alone, doing things like reading, drawing, or just watching  movies. They don’t need a lot of people around to feel good. They just need themselves and their favorite activities. ⑤But here’s the cool thing: Neither way is better! Both E-people and I-people can be happy, as long as they do what they enjoy. It’s like finding your favorite taste of ice cream—some people love chocolate, while others love strawberry. Both are great, but it depends on what you like. ⑥The most important thing is to understand yourself and do what makes you happy. Life is about finding what works for you and enjoying every minute. After all, happiness is like a jigsaw (拼图)—each piece is different, but when they fit together, they make your life complete. ⑦So, whether you prefer laughing with friends or enjoying quiet moments alone, embrace your true self. Be yourself, and your life will be filled with joy! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling stories. D．By giving examples. 7．What does the underlined word “energized” mean in Paragraph 3? A．bored B．active C．tired D．nervous 8．What can we know about I-people from Paragraph 4? A．They like sharing with others. B．They prefer to join big parties. C．They need a lot of people around. D．They enjoy reading by themselves. 9．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare the advantages of E-people and I-people. B．To explain why people have different personalities. C．To tell people which personality is better. D．To encourage people to accept themselves and be themselves. 【答案】6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过对比E人和I人的不同性格特点，阐述了两种性格都无优劣之分，重要的是理解自己、做让自己快乐的事并接受真实的自己。 6．根据文章第①段“Have you ever noticed that some kids love going to big parties or hanging out with a group of friends, while others prefer to stay at home, read a book, or just enjoy their peaceful time?”可知，作者通过提出问题的方式开始这篇文章。 7．根据文章第③段“E-people love being around other people. They feel energized when they’re with friends, going to parties, or doing fun group activities.”可知，E人喜欢和别人在一起，当他们和朋友在一起、参加聚会或做有趣的团体活动时，会感觉充满活力，所以“energized”意思是“活跃的，有活力的”，与“active”意思相近。 8．根据文章第④段“I-people like quiet time. They feel more relaxed and happy when they’re alone, doing things like reading, drawing, or just watching the movies.”可知，I人喜欢独处时做像阅读、画画或看电影这样的事情，即他们喜欢自己阅读。 9．文章第①段通过提问引出关于性格的话题；分述（第②③④段）：第②段：提出 E-people 和 I-people 两种人格类型，引出核心分类；第③段：具体介绍 E-people（外向型）的行为特点与感受；第④段：具体介绍 I-people（内向型）的行为特点与感受。。第⑤段：说明两种性格没有优劣之分；第⑥⑦段：总结，鼓励人们做自己、接纳自我。对应结构：①引出话题 → ②总述 + ③④分述两种类型 → ⑤补充说明 → ⑥⑦总结升华，与选项A 的结构图一致。 10．根据文章第⑥段“The most important thing is to understand yourself and do what makes you happy.”以及第⑦段“So, whether you prefer laughing with friends or enjoying quiet moments alone, embrace your true self. Be yourself, and your life will be filled with joy!”可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们接受自己、做自己。 主题02 人与社会——历史的发展 Passage 1 （2026·吉林四平·联考） ①What did people do to communicate in ancient times? Here are some very interesting answers to this question. ②Alphorns (阿尔卑斯长号角) were once used to communicate in the mountains in Switzerland. They are very long and they are very heavy, too. So, alphorns are hard work to blow. Then why use them? Well, they make a loud sound which travels much further than the human voice. Herdsmen (牧民) used them to call cows in the distance for milking. At sunset, alphorns were also used to send a message down to villagers that all was well. These days, they’re mostly used as musical instruments. ③The people of La Gomera, an island in Europe, have their own special way of sending messages from mountain to mountain. They use a whistled (口哨的) language named el silbo, which comes from their language Spanish. Whistling can be heard within five kilometers, which means it can be used across much greater distances than shou ting. El silbo can be used for all kinds of messages, including greetings and announcements. El silbo is used a lot less than it used to be, but primary school students in La Gomera have to learn it. ④Did you know it’s also possible to send messages without making a noise? This is called visual communication, and it includes the use of flags and even smoke. Long ago, soldiers along the Great Wall in China used smoke as a warning. If they noticed the enemy from their signal (信号) tower, they lit a smoky fire. When soldiers in other towers saw the smoke signal, they lit fires too. In this way, messages about the enemy’s arrival could travel as far as 800 km in just a few hours. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What are alphorns mostly used for today? A．Communicating in the mountains. B．Calling cows for milking. C．Sending messages down to villagers. D．Playing a kind of music. 2．What does the underlined word “named” mean in English? A．Phoned. B．Called. C．Talked. D．Sounded. 3．Why do the people of La Gomera use el silbo to communicate? A．Because it can send messages to animals. B．Because it is different from their language. C．Because it can be heard at a great distance. D．Because it is a subject for young students. 4．How did soldiers along the Great Wall get warning messages between towers? A．By listening. B．By whistling. C．By shouting. D．By watching. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了古代人们交流的不同方式，包括瑞士使用阿尔卑斯长号角、拉戈梅拉岛使用口哨语言以及中国长城上使用烟雾信号等。 1．第二段指出：“These days, they’re mostly used as musical instruments.” 这直接说明现在阿尔卑斯长号角主要用于演奏一种音乐。 2．第三段解释：“They use a whistled (口哨的) language named el silbo”，这里“named”意为“被称为”，因此“named”的英文意思是“Called”。 3．第三段说明原因：“Whistling can be heard within five kilometers, which means it can be used across much greater distances than shouting.” 拉戈梅拉岛的人们使用口哨语言交流是因为它可以在很远的距离被听到。 4．第四段说明：“If they noticed the enemy from their signal (信号) tower, they lit a smoky fire. When soldiers in other towers saw the smoke signal, they lit fires too.” 长城上的士兵通过观察烟雾信号在塔楼之间传递警告信息。 5．文章结构：第一段引出主题，第二、三、四段分别介绍了不同的古代交流方式，因此文章结构为总分结构。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春东北师大附中·联考） ①There are many different houses in the world. They can be different because people are different. The houses can also be different because of where they are. Houses can be made in many shapes. ②The dome house Some people live in windy places. Big winds like hurricanes (飓风) , can blow houses down. In one place, a house was made in the shape of a dome. When a big hurricane came, it didn’t blow down. However, all the other houses around it did. A dome house is made of triangle (三角形) shapes. The shape of the dome house lets the wind go around it. A dome house doesn’t have a roof (屋顶) to blow off. There is no wind in a dome house, so it is safer in a fire. ③A ball-shaped house Some houses have been made in a shape like a ball. The walls, roof and floor are all one in a house with this shape. The wind moves around—the outside of the house. Ball-shaped houses can be hung from things or float (漂浮) on water. ④▲ A house on the ground can take up a lot of space. A house in a tree doesn’t use any space on the ground at all. No trees have to be chopped down to make room for these houses. And the tree house can be built in the shape of bee’s nest. Such a house doesn’t take very long to move to a new place. So it is helpful during the natural disasters (灾害). ⑤A walking house Some people have made a house that can walk. It is the shape of a long hexagon (六边形). The house has six legs. It can walk over any ground. When it walks, three legs are always on the ground. A walking house would be very good if there was a flood or a fire. ⑥Different shapes of house are so useful that different people can choose whatever they need. Which one do you prefer? Probably you can create another different shape of house one day！ 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．How many shapes of house are introduced in the article? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 7．What advantages does a dome house have? A．It takes up little space. B．It can protect from the strong wind. C．It can walk over any ground. D．It has more beautiful shapes. 8．Which heading could be put in the ▲? A．A house in a tree B．A house in space C．A running house D．A flying house 9．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． D． 10．Where can we read the article? A．In a medical magazine. B．In a story book. C．In a history and cultural guidebook. D．In a science section of a newspaper. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界各地不同形状的房子及其特点。 6．细节理解题。根据文章内容，分别介绍了dome house、ball-shaped house、a house in a tree、a walking house，共4种形状的房屋。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“When a big hurricane came, it didn’t blow down.”和“The shape of the dome house lets the wind go around it.”可知，圆顶屋能抵御强风。故选B。 8．最佳标题题。第四段内容围绕“A house in a tree doesn’t use any space on the ground at all... the tree house can be built in the shape of bee’s nest”展开，核心介绍的是树屋。故选A。 9．篇章结构题。文章结构为：①段：总起，介绍世界上有多种不同形状的房屋；②③④⑤段：分别具体介绍圆顶屋、球形屋、树屋、行走屋；⑥段：总结，不同形状的房屋各有用处，人们可按需选择。整体为“总—分—总”结构，选项B的结构图为：①总起，②③④⑤分述，⑥总结。故选B 10．推理判断题。文章介绍了不同功能、形状的创意房屋，属于科学与生活类的科普内容。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——文化习俗 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春绿园·联考） ①You can probably find a flea market (跳蚤市场) close to you. In the market, you can pick up a number of second-hand products. But why are they called flea markets? Do they have anything to do with fleas? ②The origin of the words “flea market” is somewhat of a mystery. The most widely accepted theory is that the words came from the name of an outdoor market in Paris in the 1880s. A clever buyer named the market “Le Marche aux Puces”, which means “market of fleas” in English. The things that were sold there, such as clothes, had been owned and used before. They probably carried fleas. ③Another possible story takes us back to the time of Napoleon III (拿破仑三世). City developers wanted to make central Paris clean and tidy. Straight, wide roads and new buildings were built in the city. The traders in the area had to move away or “flee”. At some point, these “flee markets” became known as “flea markets”. ④A third explanation comes from colonial (殖民地时期的) America. The words “flea market” may have come from the Fly Market in the Dutch settlement (定居点) of New Netherland. The Dutch actually called it Vlie Market. “Vlie” stands for “valley (山谷)” in the Dutch language. English speakers pronounced the word with an “f” sound instead of the “v” sound, turning it into “fly.” Over time, it may have become “flea”. ⑤Which of these possibilities would you rather believe? No matter what your answer is, one thing is certain: Flea markets have been around for hundreds of years. Hopefully, there aren’t any real fleas when you’re buying something. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．According to the most widely accepted story, what do flea markets have to do with fleas? A．The market was built for flea sellers. B．The second-hand products sold there might carry fleas. C．Fleas were the main products of the market. D．The market’s builder was named Flea. 2．What does the underlined word “origin” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The place or time for something to begin. B．The end or result of something. C．The price or value of something. D．The shape or size of something. 3．Why did traders have to move away during Napoleon III’s time? A．Because they wanted to build new shops in other places. B．Because their products were not popular anymore. C．Because they had to avoid the illness that fleas may bring. D．Because city developers wanted to make central Paris clean and tidy. 4．According to the third explanation, how did “Vlie Market” become “flea market”? A．Dutch speakers changed the spelling on purpose. B．The settlement’s name was changed to “flea”. C．The market started to sell fleas instead of valleys. D．English speakers pronounced “Vlie” as “fly” first, and it later became “flea”. 5．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1  ②=Paragraph 2,...) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了跳蚤市场名字的由来，给出了三种不同且广为流传的说法。 1．细节理解题。根据“The most widely accepted theory is that the words came from the name of an outdoor market in Paris in the 1880s...The things that were sold there, such as clothes, had been owned and used before. They probably carried fleas.”可知，最被广泛接受的说法是“跳蚤市场”这个名字来自19世纪80年代巴黎一个户外市场的名字，那里卖的东西，比如衣服，之前被拥有和使用过，可能携带跳蚤，所以跳蚤市场和跳蚤的关系是那里卖的二手物品可能携带跳蚤。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The origin of the words ‘flea market’ is somewhat of a mystery. The most widely accepted theory is that...”以及后文对“跳蚤市场”名字由来的几种不同解释可知，是在说“跳蚤市场”这个词的起源是个谜，所以“origin”意思是“某事物开始的地方或时间”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“City developers wanted to make central Paris clean and tidy. Straight, wide roads and new buildings were built in the city. The traders in the area had to move away or ‘flee’.”可知，在拿破仑三世时期，城市开发者想让巴黎市中心干净整洁，在城里建了笔直宽阔的道路和新建筑，该地区的商人不得不搬走。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Dutch actually called it Vlie Market. ‘Vlie’ stands for ‘valley (山谷)’ in the Dutch language. English speakers pronounced the word with an ‘f’ sound instead of the ‘v’ sound, turning it into ‘fly.’ Over time, it may have become ‘flea’.”可知，根据第三种解释，“Vlie Market”变成“flea market”是因为说英语的人把“Vlie”发音为“fly”，后来又变成了“flea”。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出跳蚤市场，并提出关于其名字和跳蚤有无关系的问题；第二段至第五段介绍三种不同且广为流传的说法；第五段总结，不管相信哪种可能性，跳蚤市场已经存在数百年了。结合选项可知，选项C符合文章结构。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林长春新区·联考） A Chinese 2D animated (动画) film called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the box-office record for Chinese 2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (大鱼海棠). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It comes from a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters (妖怪): a pig, a toad, a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla. They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only look for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we can play a big part at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very attractive—each picture uses 50 ink layers (涂层). Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous director. B．It has many related products like soft toys. C．Its painting style is interesting. D．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. 7．What does the underlined word “attractive” in paragraph 3 mean? A．interesting B．eye-catching C．boring D．exciting 8．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers that the film used more ink than other films. D．To introduce the history of Chinese ink painting. 9．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” made 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The story of “Nobody” comes from a short film from Journey to the West. D．The film wants to tell us that common people can be heroes. 10．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③/④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一部名为《浪浪山小妖怪》的中国2D动画电影在2025年夏天大获成功，包括其票房成绩、豆瓣评分、故事内容、独特之处以及相关产品受欢迎等情况，展现了这部电影的魅力以及带给人们的启示。 6．细节理解题。根据“It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it.”可知，这部电影在豆瓣上获得了8.6分的高分，并且受到孩子和大人的喜爱，所以可以说它受很多人欢迎。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据“Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very attractive—each picture uses 50 ink layers (涂层).”可知，其美丽的中国水墨画风格很吸引人，每张图片使用了50层墨水涂层，所以“attractive”意思是“吸引人的”，与“eye-catching”意思相近。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very attractive—each picture uses 50 ink layers (涂层).”可知，提到每张图片使用50层墨水涂层是为了解释为什么这部电影的水墨画风格美丽且特别。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“Its English name ‘Nobody’ tells us: even small and common people can be heroes.”可知，这部电影想告诉我们普通人也可以成为英雄。故选D。 10．篇章结构题。文章第①段总体介绍了一部名为《浪浪山小妖怪》的中国2D动画电影在2025年夏天大获成功；第②③④段分别从故事内容、独特之处、相关产品受欢迎等方面具体介绍这部电影；第⑤段总结这部电影带给人们的启示。所以文章结构是①/②③④/⑤。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $