第5弹 阅读理解核心考点大串讲（考前30天抢分冲刺）2026年高考英语临考终极必记词汇&必练题型

2026新高考英语考前30天抢分冲刺 5. 阅读理解核心考点大串讲 一、四选一阅读核心考点 核心考点1. 把握主旨要义 核心考点2. 理解文章细节信息 核心考点3. 对文章内容作出合理推断 核心考点4. 理解作者的观点态度 核心考点5. 判断写作意图和写作对象及文章出处 核心考点6. 推断单词短语的含义 核心考点7. 理解文章篇章结构 二、七选五阅读核心考点 仿真题专练 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Asia offers a wide range of marathon events across different countries and regions. These races are held in urban centers as well as in areas of cultural and natural significance. Courses vary in difficulty and ground conditions, allowing runners to choose between flatter routes and more demanding ones. With multiple distance options available, participants can choose events based on their experience levels and personal goals. Marathon Time（2026） Type Price（EUR） Course Profile The Great Wall of China Marathon 25 Oct Marathon 204 Rolling 10km 5km Almaty Marathon 27 Sep Marathon 45 Rolling Half marathon 35 10km Cappadocia Marathon Turkey 8 Nov Marathon 36 Hilly 20km 10km Songkhla Marathon 22-23 Aug Marathon 38 Flat 10km 22 5km 17 Things To Think About 1. Register before the event. 1. Know the local weather, so you can train and dress appropriately. 1. Make sure that you are making accommodations through reputable sites for travel. 1. Don’t underestimate how the difference in altitude（海拔）or temperature will affect your running. Read up and train to make it to the finish line. 21. What is the purpose of the text? A. To introduce a new marathon plan. B. To compare Asian marathon courses. C. To call for participation in Asian marathons. D. To provide information about Asian marathons. 22. Which marathon offers the shortest race with more demanding routes? A. The Great Wall of China Marathon. B. Almaty Marathon. B. Cappadocia Marathon Turkey. D. Songkhla Marathon. 23. What are runners recommended to do before participation? A. Apply for a discounted entry fee. B. Book hotels from trusted websites. C. Email the registration before the deadline. D. Train under the guidance of professionals. B This summer I came face-to-face with three deep-rooted fears: heights, bears, and ageing. Two friends joined me on a four-day wilderness getaway, and since we were all in our seventies, we decided we’d better go while we still could. Our adventure began with a scary drive up a winding mountain road. On one hike, I found myself hanging onto a wire on a bridge made of two partly rotten (腐烂的) logs, suspended high above rushing rapids. I would never have attempted it without our guide ahead, mouthing encouraging words. Fixing my eyes on her boots, I inched along the shaky logs. Somehow, I made it across, flooded with a rush of intense excitement and huge relief. Later, after spotting bear tracks, we were told to make loud noises, which soon became a game once the tension faded. Until suddenly, time stood still. We had just crossed a stream when the guide whispered, “There’s a bear.” I looked up in disbelief and saw not one, but two, about ten meters above us— the brown mother in front, her cub behind. Though scared speechless, I couldn’t help noticing how beautiful they looked in their natural setting. I wondered if it would be my last memory. As they started towards us, we recovered enough to shout and wave our hiking poles. Taken aback, they stopped, and then slowly turned away. Another fear was overcome! On our final morning, after a quiet, thoughtful walk through the forest, we were asked to bring back a “meaningful” stick, rock, and leaf to share what would “stick” with us, what “rocked,” and what we would “leaf” behind. The bond of friendship would stick with me. Women supporting one another truly rocked. And I hoped to leave some fears behind. Our guide ended by expressing her admiration, praising not only our fitness but also our positive attitude, and saying she hoped to be like us in another thirty or forty years. Those unexpected words warmed my heart and eased my fear of being “over the hill.” Being valued for what we had accomplished felt like winning an Olympic medal — even if just for participation. 24. How did the author cross the bridge? A. By taking mindful steps. B. By rushing across it bravely. C. By using her sense of direction. D. By having the guide drag her over. 25. Why did the bears leave? A. They were attracted by the natural setting. B. They were afraid of the noise of the rapids. C. They were surprised at the group’s actions. D. They were threatened by the guide’s rocks. 26. Why did the guide ask them for a stick, rock, and leaf? A. To pick up some souvenirs. B. To reflect on the journey. B. To symbolize their teamwork. D. To check their observation skills. 27. What does the underlined phrase “over the hill” in the last paragraph mean? A. Past the peak of youth. B. Too high to go down. B. Out of place in society. D. Beyond physical limits. C Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires have successfully used a robotic tutor to teach the male chingolo, a kind of small bird in South America, a song that was once part of the species’ culture but had been lost for more than half a century. Male chingolos learn their unique, two-second melody from adult males. “It is a distinctive song — like a fingerprint, but learned,” says one of the researchers. “It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the bird’s way of saying, “This is me, and here I am.” However, urbanization and habitat loss have broken this learning chain, causing local song “dialects” to disappear. Driven by this problem, researchers took on a pioneering task: bringing back a song that had disappeared from the wild — known only from a musical record made in the 1960s — to a population of chingolos. Using physics-based modeling of the bird’s vocal tract (声道) , the team first created an accurate artificial version of the lost song. They then engineered this model into a physical device designed to broadcast the forgotten melody — a “robotic tutor.” This artificial song was introduced to the chingolos in the park during their critical learning period from October to February. The sessions took place during peak singing hours and were limited to a maximum of eight hours. There were random pauses (停顿) in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses. The results were impressive. Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音) , which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics. “This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity,” says another researcher. The team is now developing AI systems to automatically identify individual bird songs and planning to study cultural spread in bird populations to ensure that bird culture is not lost again. 28. Why did the researchers teach the birds the song? A. To save an endangered species. B. To study the birds’ brain structure. C. To develop new robotic devices. D. To preserve the birds’ cultural heritage. 29. What is a role of chingolos’ song? A. It keeps hunters away from them. B. It helps them adapt to urban growth. C. It functions as their social identity. D. It makes them remember their habitat. 30. What is the purpose of the random pauses? A. To protect the birds’ vocal tract. B. To test the birds’ reaction speed. C. To push the birds to catch the beat. D. To trick the birds into interaction. 31. What can we learn from chingolos’ learning results? A. The song has spread to other bird species. B. Their singing shows special vocal features. C. Their response to the song needs improving. D. The effectiveness depends on their population. D Secret codes (密码) once thought impossible to crack now face a challenge from quantum computers. Luckily, to protect information, physicists have developed a theoretically foolproof system called device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) , which uses entangled quantum particles (纠缠态量子粒子) to fix weak points in existing methods. Now, a team in China has demonstrated the technique in real city conditions, an advance that could clear the way for a secure quantum internet in which trust is taken for granted. Most cryptography (密码学) works by encrypting messages with a secret code that requires a special key to decode. The challenge lies in making sure the key can’t be decoded when sent. For instance, the keys in one popular encryption scheme are based on the prime factors of large numbers, which take enormous effort to crack. But such calculations could be quick work for the large quantum computers. QKD offers a solution, but it has a weakness: hardware must be perfect. DI-QKD removes the need for trust in the hardware, by employing another feature of quantum mechanics — entanglement — which closely links properties of widely separated quantum particles. If the sender and receiver entangle a pair of particles across the network, they can each perform tests that confirm the particles’ properties are strongly linked, well beyond chance. After this “handshake”, they can be sure they’re the only ones on the channel. Then, other measurements on the entangled particles can establish a key, which can be shared with confidence that nobody can decode it. In 2022, a UK-based team managed to create and share a DI-QKD key for only about 2 meters. Now, Jianwei Pan and his colleagues have extended this to practically useful distances. After collecting data for 26 days, they showed they had the statistics to establish and share a key across 11 kilometers. The researchers also showed that in theory — and given about 23 years for data collection — they could have sent a key across 100 kilometers. Pan’s group now plans to explore ways to perform DI-QKD using satellites in space. 32. What is the advance made by Chinese scientists? A. They put forward a coding theory. B. They enhanced DI-QKD practicality. C. They set up the quantum internet. D. They discovered quantum entanglement. 33. The author explains the encryption principle by __________. A. providing a definition B. making a comparison B. giving an example D. citing a statement 34. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. What entanglement is. B. How DI-QKD works. C. What prevents key sharing. D. How particles connect. 35. What is the limitation implied in the last paragraph? A. Long data collection time. B. Strict laboratory conditions. C. Unstable entangled particles. D. Heavy reliance on satellites. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You may have already noticed the nights getting darker, quicker and the days getting shorter, colder and darker. ____36____ However, stress management expert Sam Wones has shared some top tips for staying sharp-minded. ____37____ A 20-minute nap is the best because anything past 30 minutes risks waking up in a deep sleep. Afternoon decline in energy and focus (1-3 p. m., or 7 hours after waking) is normal, a natural feature of circadian rhythm (昼夜节律). Napping is frowned upon in a productivity-driven society, but it’s how we’re hardwired. ____38____ For non-nappers, just be gentle with yourself, take a lunch break, step outside for fresh air or a walk, or focus on less taxing work. Moreover, Wones recommended prioritizing 7.5 hours of nightly sleep. Alack of sleep causes countless health risks beyond brain fog (脑雾). Research found sleeping over 9 hours can have similar harmful effects. He also suggested high-protein meals with slow-release carbs to stabilize energy. ____39____ Dates with butter and salt, for instance, help sustain blood sugar while satisfying a sweet tooth. Dehydration (脱水), even mild, can severely disrupt cognitive function, so try to introduce electrolytes (电解质) and minerals to your daytime water. Screens drain energy too, so it’s important to move away from your screen from time to time. Suggested work-and-rest ratios are 25:5, 50:10, or 90:15. For your breaks, look away from a screen, move your head, eyes, and stretch. ____40____ A. Breaks are a tool, not something to avoid. B. One of the most effective is taking a strategic short nap. C. Blood sugar levels influence focus, attention and output. D. Use it strategically to increase your capacity and productivity. E. Irregular sleep patterns often harm concentration during the day. F. These food choices keep blood sugar stable, preventing energy drops. G. As winter comes, it is hard to keep your energy levels up in the day. 答案解析 A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了中国、哈萨克斯坦等亚洲四国马拉松的时间、价格、赛道难度，并给出提前报名、了解天气、正规订房等参赛建议。 【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Asia offers a wide range of marathon events across different countries and regions. These races are held in urban centers as well as in areas of cultural and natural significance. Courses vary in difficulty and ground conditions, allowing runners to choose between flatter routes and more demanding ones. With multiple distance options available, participants can choose events based on their experience levels and personal goals.(亚洲各国和各地区举办着种类繁多的马拉松赛事。这些比赛有的在城市中心举行，有的在具有文化或自然意义的地区举行。赛道的难度和地面条件各不相同，让参赛者可以在平坦的路线和更具挑战性的路线之间做出选择。赛事提供多种距离选择，参赛者可以根据自己的经验水平和个人目标来挑选赛事)”以及后文介绍了中国、哈萨克斯坦等亚洲四国马拉松的信息可知，文章目的是提供有关亚洲马拉松赛事的信息。故选D。 【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中The Great Wall of China Marathon部分赛程分别为10公里和5公里，为最短；且难度为“Rolling(起伏赛道)”可知，中国长城马拉松的赛程最短但路线更具挑战性。故选A。 【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Things To Think About部分“●Make sure that you are making accommodations through reputable sites for travel.( ●请务必通过信誉良好的旅游网站来预订住宿)”可知，参赛前跑步者被建议从可信赖的网站预订酒店。故选B。 B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与两位年过七旬的朋友的四天荒野探险经历。 【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Fixing my eyes on her boots, I inched along the shaky logs.(我盯着她的靴子，小心翼翼地沿着摇晃的圆木慢慢挪动。)”可知，作者盯着向导的靴子，小心翼翼地一步步走过摇晃的圆木桥。故选A项。 【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段的句子“As they started towards us, we recovered enough to shout and wave our hiking poles. Taken aback, they stopped, and then slowly turned away.(当它们开始向我们走来时，我们缓过神来，大声呼喊并挥舞登山杖。它们吃了一惊，停了下来，然后慢慢转身离开。)”可知，熊被作者一行人的呼喊和挥杖动作吓到，因此转身离开。故选C项。 【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的句子“On our final morning, after a quiet, thoughtful walk through the forest, we were asked to bring back a “meaningful” stick, rock, and leaf to share what would “stick” with us, what “rocked,” and what we would “leaf” behind.(在我们旅行的最后一个早晨，我们在森林里安静而沉思地走了一段之后，被要求带回一根“有意义的”木棍、岩石和树叶来分享哪些会“留存”在我们心中，哪些“震撼”了我们，以及我们愿意“放下”什么)”可知，向导通过这些自然物品引导大家反思旅程中的收获与感悟。故选B项。 【27题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的语境，向导称赞她们的健康和积极态度，并表示希望自己三四十年后也能像她们一样。这些意外的话语温暖了作者的心，缓解了她对“over the hill”的恐惧。结合前文提到的“we were all in our seventies(我们都七十多岁了)”以及“ageing(变老)”这一主题，“over the hill”指的是已过青春巅峰、年老体衰的状态。故选A项。 C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的研究人员成功利用机器人导师，让一种南美小鸟——雄性红领带鹀重新学会了一首曾是该物种文化一部分，但已消失半个多世纪的歌曲，以及研究过程、结果和意义。 【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires have successfully used a robotic tutor to teach the male chingolo, a kind of small bird in South America, a song that was once part of the species’ culture but had been lost for more than half a century.(布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的研究人员已成功使用机器人导师，教南美一种小型鸟类 —— 雄性红领带鹀 学习一首曾属于该物种文化、但已消失半个多世纪的鸣唱)”以及最后一段“This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity (这不仅是为了保护遗传多样性，也是为了保护文化多样性)”可知，研究人员教鸟儿这首歌是为了保护鸟类的文化遗产。故选D项。 【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the bird’s way of saying, “This is me, and here I am.” (它用来吸引雌鸟和保护领地。这是鸟儿表达“这就是我，我就在这里”的方式。)”可知，红领带鹀的歌声是它们的社会身份标识。故选C项。 【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“There were random pauses (停顿) in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses. (中间有随机停顿，这样鸟儿就会把放置在该区域的三个设备播放的声音当作真实的交流，就好像这些设备在互相回应一样。这刺激了鸟类的发声反应。)”可知，随机停顿的目的是诱使鸟儿进行互动。故选D项。 【31题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音) , which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics. (年轻的红领带鹀学习并采用了这首歌，尽管它们在最后的颤音中加入了自己种群的“口音”，这表明它们的歌声是由习得行为和先天特征共同塑造的。)”可知，从红领带鹀的学习结果中我们可以了解到它们的歌声表现出特殊的发声特征。故选B项。 D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统密码面临量子计算机挑战，科学家研发出 DI‑QKD 系统。中国团队在真实城市环境实现 11 公里密钥分发，大幅提升实用性，但仍存在数据收集时间过长的局限。 【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, a team in China has demonstrated the technique in real city conditions, an advance that could clear the way for a secure quantum internet in which trust is taken for granted.( 如今，中国的一个团队在实际城市环境中展示了这一技术，这一进展可能为建立一个无需信任的可靠量子互联网铺平道路)”以及第四段中“Now, Jianwei Pan and his colleagues have extended this to practically useful distances.( 如今，潘建伟团队已经将这一技术扩展到了具有实际应用价值的距离范围内)”可知，中国团队在真实城市环境中验证了 DI-QKD 技术，并将距离拓展到实际可用范围，提升了其实用性。故选B项。 【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“For instance, the keys in one popular encryption scheme are based on the prime factors of large numbers, which take enormous effort to crack. But such calculations could be quick work for the large quantum computers. QKD offers a solution, but it has a weakness: hardware must be perfect.( 例如，一种流行的加密方案中的密钥基于大数字的质因数，破解这些密钥需要耗费巨大的努力。但对大型量子计算机来说，这些计算将是轻而易举的事情。量子密钥分发（QKD）提供了解决方案，但它有一个弱点：硬件必须完美无缺)”可推知，作者通过给出例子来解释加密原理。故选C项。 【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“DI-QKD removes the need for trust in the hardware, by employing another feature of quantum mechanics — entanglement — which closely links properties of widely separated quantum particles. If the sender and receiver entangle a pair of particles across the network, they can each perform tests that confirm the particles’ properties are strongly linked, well beyond chance. After this “handshake”, they can be sure they’re the only ones on the channel. Then, other measurements on the entangled particles can establish a key, which can be shared with confidence that nobody can decode it.( DI-QKD 通过利用量子力学的另一个特性——纠缠，消除了对硬件的信任需求。纠缠使相距很远的量子粒子的特性紧密相连。如果发送方和接收方在网络中对一对粒子进行纠缠操作，那么他们各自都可以进行测试，以证实这些粒子的特性之间存在着极强的关联，这种关联远远超出了偶然的可能性。完成这一“握手”之后，他们就能确定自己是这条通道上唯一的参与者。然后，对纠缠粒子进行的其他测量可以建立一个密钥，这个密钥可以放心地与他人分享，因为没有人能够破解它)”可知，第三段的主旨是DI-QKD 如何利用量子纠缠、如何完成“握手”、如何建立密钥，完整说明 DI-QKD 的工作流程。故选B项。 【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“After collecting data for 26 days, they showed they had the statistics to establish and share a key across 11 kilometers. The researchers also showed that in theory — and given about 23 years for data collection — they could have sent a key across 100 kilometers.( 经过 26 天的数据收集，他们展示了他们拥有足够的统计数据来建立并分享跨越11公里的密钥。研究人员还表明，在理论上——并且假设数据收集需要约23年的时间——他们能够将密钥发送到100公里之外)”可推知，数据收集时间过长是当前局限。故选A项。 七选五 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家分享的几个在冬日保持精力和头脑清醒的方法。 【36题详解】上文“You may have already noticed the nights getting darker, quicker and the days getting shorter, colder and darker.(你可能已经注意到夜晚黑得更快，白天变得更短、更冷、更昏暗)”描述了冬季来临的自然现象。空后“However, stress management expert Sam Wones has shared some top tips for staying sharp-minded.(然而，压力管理专家萨姆・沃恩斯分享了一些保持头脑敏锐的顶级技巧)”用转折引出应对方法。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明冬季带来的问题。选项G“As winter comes, it is hard to keep your energy levels up in the day.(随着冬天来临，白天很难保持精力充沛)”承接前文季节变化的描述，指出由此产生的精力问题，与后文的解决建议形成转折对应，符合语境。故选G。 【37题详解】空后“A 20-minute nap is the best because anything past 30 minutes risks waking up in a deep sleep.(20 分钟的小睡最好，因为超过 30 分钟可能会从深睡眠中醒来)”具体介绍了合理小睡的时长和好处。空处位于段首，应为本段中心句，引出小睡这一方法。选项B“One of the most effective is taking a strategic short nap.(最有效的方法之一是有计划地短暂小睡)”概括本段核心内容，直接引出后文关于小睡的具体说明，符合语境。故选B。 【38题详解】上文“Napping is frowned upon in a productivity-driven society, but it’s how we’re hardwired.(在效率至上的社会中小睡不被看好，但这是我们天生的生理需求)”说明小睡的合理性。空后“For non-nappers, just be gentle with yourself, take a lunch break, step outside for fresh air or a walk, or focus on less taxing work.(对于不午睡的人来说，别为难自己，午休时出去透透气、散散步，或者做些不费脑力的工作就好)”转向不午睡人群的建议。空处承接上文，进一步说明小睡的作用。选项D“Use it strategically to increase your capacity and productivity.(有策略地利用它来提升你的能力和效率)”中的“it”指代前文的“napping”，强调合理小睡的益处，衔接自然，符合语境。故选D。 【39题详解】上文“He also suggested high-protein meals with slow-release carbs to stabilize energy.(他还建议食用含缓释碳水化合物的高蛋白食物来稳定精力)”提出饮食方面的建议。空后“Dates with butter and salt, for instance, help sustain blood sugar while satisfying a sweet tooth.(例如，抹了黄油、撒了盐的椰枣，既能满足甜食欲望，又有助于维持血糖稳定)”举例说明具体食物的作用。空处应解释这类饮食的作用原理。选项F“These food choices keep blood sugar stable, preventing energy drops.(这些食物选择能稳定血糖，防止精力下降)”中的“These food choices”指代前文的高蛋白缓释碳水食物，阐明其作用，与后文例子相呼应，符合语境。故选F。 【40题详解】上文“Suggested work-and-rest ratios are 25:5, 50:10, or 90:15. For your breaks, look away from a screen, move your head, eyes, and stretch.(建议的工作与休息时间比例为 25:5、50:10 或 90:15。休息时，请将视线从屏幕上移开，活动头部、眼睛并伸展身体)”介绍了劳逸结合的具体方式。空处位于段末，应对休息这一话题进行总结。选项A“Breaks are a tool, not something to avoid.(休息是一种方法，而非需要回避的事)”总结休息的重要性，收束全段内容，符合语境。故选A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $