Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元基础知识检测-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册

班别：____________ 姓名：__________ 成绩：___________ (满分80分) 第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 一、用合适的词填空。（15*1=15） 1. adversity n. 困境；逆境→ adj. 不利的;相反的;敌对的 2 . endure vt. 忍耐；忍受→ n.忍耐力;耐久力→ adj.可忍受的；能持久的→ a. 不可忍受的 3 . assign vt. 分派;布置;分配→ n.(分派的) 工作，任务 4 . abandon vt. 舍弃;抛弃;放弃→ adj.被遗弃的;被抛弃的 5 . resolve vi.&vt. 决定;决心→ n.决议;解决;坚定 6 . advertise vt.&vi. 宣传;做广告→ n.广告活动→ n. 广告 7 . enthusiastic adj. 热情的 → adv. 热情地 → n. 热情 8 . qualify v. 取得资格→ adj. 有资格的→ n. 资格 9. genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 → adv. 真诚地，真正地 10. furnish vt.布置,装备（家私） → 家具 [u]不可数名词 二、重点短语默写（10*1=10） 1.拒绝(某人) 6.沉湎于做某事 2.turn to 3.有资格做某事 7.决定做某事 4.热衷于做某事 5.给某人分配(布置) 8. out of envy 三、用所给单词的正确形式填空。（15*1=15） 1．Though the storm destroyed their village, the survivors showed no to one another, sharing their last supplies equally. (cruel) 2．His for learning made him an participant in class discussions. (enthusiastic) 3．Three people were seriously injured in the attack and the meeting had (abandon). 4．Tom (resolve) that he would never trust a man like that again. 5．I have a teacher’s . Years of experience have me with the qualities of a teacher. I think I am to be a teacher. Please give me a chance. (qualify) 6．Despite modern trends, her determined (loyal) to classical oil painting set her work apart in the contemporary art scene. 7．While hard work and luck play a part, (persevere) is the key to guaranteeing success. 8．Making a (commit) to regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health. 四、语法填空。(10*2=20) It 1. (happen) that I read about the Antarctic expedition in an advertisement. I was fit and 2. (vigour), so I applied to join the expedition. But Shackleton turned me 3. because he thought I was too young and was not 4. (qualify). I secretly went aboard but 5. (unfortunate) I was later discovered. The journey 6. Antarctic was not easy. Endurance 7. (stick) in the ice and we had to abandon our ship. This was no time8. (panic). Soon after we settled on Elephant Island, Shackleton left us to find help as it was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make 9. . Though life was hard, Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern and 10. (persevere) filled me with hope. 五、七选五。（5*4=20） The Benefits of Doing Challenging Things Many people choose to stay in their comfort zone and seldom try anything difficult or new. 1 They are often afraid of making mistakes or failing. However, challenging ourselves is necessary for personal growth and brings many valuable benefits. 2 Challenging ourselves is the best way to improve our abilities. When we push ourselves beyond our limits, we learn to solve problems, manage time and stay calm under pressure. These skills are useful in all areas of life. Overcoming challenges greatly builds our confidence. It encourages us to keep trying rather than give up easily. Each success we achieve makes us believe we can deal with more difficult situations later. 3 Challenging experiences make life more colorful and memorable. 4 Without difficulties to overcome, life would be simple but empty and boring. Challenges shape our characters. They help us develop important qualities like courage and perseverance. 5 These qualities help us achieve greater success in the long run. A．The more we practice, the faster we will learn. B．Challenging tasks help us develop new skills. C．Giving up when facing difficulty is a smart choice. D．We become more patient, determined and strong-minded. E．This makes us braver and more prepared for future challenges. F．Life becomes more meaningful when we have difficulties to overcome. G．This is because they feel uncomfortable with pressure and uncertainty. 答案（答案抄黑板后贴公布栏共有需要的同学了解解题思路） 一、用合适的词填空。（15*1=15） 1. adversity n. 困境；逆境→ adverse adj. 不利的;相反的;敌对的 2 . endure vt. 忍耐；忍受→ endurance n.忍耐力;耐久力→ endurable adj.可忍受的；能持久的→ unendurable a. 不可忍受的 3 . assign vt. 分派;布置;分配→ assignment n.(分派的) 工作，任务 4 . abandon vt. 舍弃;抛弃;放弃→ abandoned adj.被遗弃的;被抛弃的 5 . resolve vi.&vt. 决定;决心→ resolution n.决议;解决;坚定 6 . advertise vt.&vi. 宣传;做广告→ advertising n.广告活动→ advertisement n. 广告 7 . enthusiastic adj. 热情的 → enthusiastically adv. 热情地 → enthusiasm n. 热情 8 . qualify v. 取得资格→ qualified adj. 有资格的→ qualification n. 资格 9. genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 → genuinely adv. 真诚地，真正地 10. furnish vt.布置,装备（家私） → furniture 家具 [u]不可数名词 二、重点短语默写（10*1=10） 1.拒绝(某人) turn sb. down 2.turn to 求助于；转向；翻至(某一页)；从事于 3.有资格做某事 be qualified to do sth. 4.热衷于做某事be enthusiastic about/to do sth. 5.给某人分配(布置) assign sb. sth. ＝ assign sth. to sb. 6. 沉湎于做某事abandon oneself to (doing) sth be abandoned to (doing)sth 7.决定做某事resolve on (doing) / to do sth make a resolution to do sth. /decide to do sth./make up one’s mind to do sth./make a decision to do sth. 8. out of envy 出于羡慕/妒忌 三、用所给单词的正确形式填空。（15*1=15） 1. cruel ； cruelty 2. enthusiasm； enthusiastic 3．to be abandoned 4．resolved 5.qualification；qualified；qualified 6.loyalty 7．perseverance 8．Commitment 四、语法填空。(10*2=20) 1．happened 2．vigorous 3．down 4．qualified 5．unfortunately 6.to 7．was stuck 8．to panic 9．it 10．Perseverance 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“我”申请加入南极探险队被拒后偷偷登船，途中船只被困冰中，大家艰难求生并满怀希望等待救援的经历。 1．考查动词时态。句意：我碰巧在一则广告上看到了关于南极探险队的消息。此处为句子谓语动词，根据后文read、was等谓语动词的时态可知，全文叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，happen的过去式为happened。故填happened。 2．考查形容词。句意：我身体健康、精力充沛，所以申请加入这支探险队。此处与and前的形容词fit并列，作系动词was的表语，应用vigour的形容词形式vigorous，意为“精力充沛的”。故填vigorous。 3．考查固定短语。句意：但沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够合格。根据后文“because he thought I was too young”可知，此处指被拒绝，固定短语turn down意为“拒绝”，符合语境。故填down。 4．考查形容词。句意：但沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够合格。此处作系动词was的表语，应用qualify的形容词形式qualified，意为“合格的、有资格的”，be qualified表示“合格”。故填qualified。 5．考查副词。句意：我偷偷上了船，但不幸的是，后来我被发现了。此处修饰整个后半句“I was later discovered”，应用unfortunate的副词形式unfortunately，意为“不幸的是”，在句中作状语。故填unfortunately。 6．考查介词。句意：前往南极的旅程并不轻松。此处表示“前往……的旅程”，固定搭配journey to+地点，to为介词，表方向。故填to。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：“坚忍号”被困在了冰里，我们不得不放弃我们的船。此处为句子谓语动词，全文叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语Endurance（船名）与谓语动词stick之间是被动关系，即船被卡在冰里，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，stick的过去分词为stuck，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was stuck。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这不是惊慌失措的时候。固定句型this is no time to do sth.意为“这不是做某事的时候”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰time，panic为动词，意为“惊慌、恐慌”。故填to panic。 9．考查固定短语。句意：我们在象岛安顿下来后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助了，因为对我们所有人来说，（一起）成功逃生太危险、太困难了。固定短语make it意为“成功、设法做到”，此处指成功逃生，符合语境。故填it。 10．考查名词。句意：虽然生活很艰难，但弗兰克和欧内斯特真诚的关心和坚持不懈让我充满了希望。此处与and前的名词短语genuine concern并列，作句子主语，应用persevere的名词形式perseverance，perseverance为不可数名词，意为“坚持不懈”。故填perseverance。 五、七选五。 1．G 2．B 3．E 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了做有挑战性事情的诸多益处，从提升能力、建立自信、丰富生活、塑造性格四个方面展开，鼓励人们走出舒适区，通过挑战实现个人成长。 1．上文“Many people choose to stay in their comfort zone and seldom try anything difficult or new. (很多人选择待在自己的舒适区，很少尝试困难或新鲜的事情。)”描述了人们不愿尝试新事物的现象。下文“They are often afraid of making mistakes or failing. (他们通常害怕犯错或失败。)”说明人们不愿尝试的原因之一。选项G“这是因为他们对压力和不确定性感到不适。”承接上文现象，补充说明人们固守舒适区的另一个原因，与下文的“害怕犯错失败”呼应。故选G。 2．下文“Challenging ourselves is the best way to improve our abilities. When we push ourselves beyond our limits, we learn to solve problems, manage time and stay calm under pressure. These skills are useful in all areas of life. (挑战自我是提升能力的最佳方式。当我们突破自身极限时，我们学会解决问题、管理时间和在压力下保持冷静。这些技能在生活的各个领域都很有用。)”重点说明挑战能帮助我们提升能力、掌握新技能。选项B“有挑战性的任务帮助我们培养新技能。”概括本段核心内容，作为段落中心句，与下文内容高度契合。故选B。 3．本段小标题和上文“Overcoming challenges greatly builds our confidence. It encourages us to keep trying rather than give up easily. Each success we achieve makes us believe we can deal with more difficult situations later. (克服挑战能极大地建立我们的自信。它鼓励我们不断尝试，而不是轻易放弃。我们取得的每一次成功，都让我们相信自己以后能应对更困难的情况。)”阐述克服挑战对建立自信的作用。选项E“这让我们更加勇敢，也为未来的挑战做好了准备。”承接上文“建立自信、相信自己能应对困难”的内容，说明自信带来的后续影响。故选E。 4．本段小标题“Challenging experiences make life more colorful and memorable.(有挑战性的经历让生活更加丰富多彩、令人难忘。)”点明本段核心观点。下文“Without difficulties to overcome, life would be simple but empty and boring. (没有需要克服的困难，生活将是简单的，但也是空虚和无聊的。)”从反面说明困难对生活的意义。选项F“当我们有困难需要克服时，生活变得更有意义。”承接上文观点，与下文反面论述形成呼应，进一步强调挑战让生活更有意义。故选F。 5．上文“Challenges shape our characters. They help us develop important qualities like courage and perseverance .(挑战塑造我们的性格。它们帮助我们培养勇气和毅力等重要品质。)”说明挑战对塑造性格、培养品质的作用。选项D“我们变得更有耐心、更坚定、更坚强。”承接上文“培养重要品质”，具体说明挑战能让我们具备的优秀特质，与下文“These qualities help us achieve greater success in the long run .(这些品质帮助我们长期取得更大成功。)”衔接紧密。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $