Unit1笔记(定稿)2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit1 Time to Relax是时候放松了/放松时间 1. 词形转换 1. instruct(v.指示；命令)→instructor(n.教练；指导者) 2.scare(v.使害怕)→scared(adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌的)→scary(adj.吓人的) 3.program(v.编写程序 n.程序；节目；项目)→programmer(n.程序设计员) 4.achieve(v.达到；完成；实现)→achievement(n.成就) 5.suggest(v.建议；提议)→suggestion(n.建议；提议) 6.fail [v.失败；未能(做到)]→failure[n.失败；失败的人(或事物)] 7.surprise(v.使惊讶 n.惊喜)→surprised[adj.(人)感到惊讶的]→surprising[adj.(物)令人惊讶的]→surprisingly(adv.出人意料地；惊人地) 8.important(adj.重要的)→importantly(adv.重要地)→importance(n.重要性) 9.relax(v.放松)→relaxed [adj.(人)放松的]→relaxing [adj.(物)令人放松的] 10.deal(n.交易；协议v.对付) →（过去式）dealt →（过去分词）dealt 2. 短语归纳 1. ice skating 滑冰；溜冰 2. give up 放弃 3. (be) scared of 害怕；恐惧 4. get over 克服（困难）；解决（问题） 5. (be) up to 正在做；由某人决定 6. in return 作为回报 7. get into 开始做某事；进入 8. give it a go 试一试某事 9. kung fu 功夫 10. once in a while 偶尔；间或 11. go on an outing 出外游玩 12. dream of 梦想；希望 13. so far到目前为止 [以上来自单词表]  play the flute 吹长笛 at the weekend在周末 at first起初；首先 chat with 和......聊天 do calligraphy 写书法 be worried about/worry about 担忧；担心 push sb hard 紧逼某人 reduce stress 减少压力 pass the time打发时间 make art搞艺术创作 keep fit/keep healthy/stay fit/stay healthy保持健康 make friends 交朋友 calm down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来 as long as 只要 at the same time 同时 a sense of achievement 成就感 around the world 世界各地 put up 张贴；搭建；举起 in the future 在未来 take up 开始学；开始从事 have fun/have a good time 玩得开心；过得愉快 after all 终究；毕竟  on stage 在舞台上 be strict with对......要求严格 free time空闲时间 free-time activity 休闲活动；业余活动；课余活动 horse riding 骑马[名词短语] ride a horse 骑马[动词短语] for the first time 第一次 spend time with和......度过时光/共度时光； 3. 用法集萃 1. scared 与 scary 辨析 ①scared 作形容词，意为“害怕的；对……感到惊慌的”，常用来形容人，指人的心理状态，常见搭配： be scared of sth /doing sth 害怕某物/做某事 =be afraid of sth /doing sth be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 =be afraid to do sth ②scary 作形容词，意为“吓人的；恐怖的”，常用来形容事物。 例：My cousin isn't scared of snakes. 我堂姐不害怕蛇。 She is scared to climb the tree. 她害怕爬树。 Tigers are scary.老虎是吓人的。 2. spend用法 主语只能是人，常考搭配： ①spend +金钱/时间+ on sth “在某物某事上花费金钱/时间” ②spend +金钱/时间 +（in）doing sth “花费金钱/时间做某事” 例：I spent hours practising single stroke. 我花了数小时练习单个的笔画。 Every day, I spend one hour on study. 我每天在学习上花费1小时。 3. up to 的用法 up to是英语中的常用短语，用法丰富，其常见用法如下： ①  up to sth “正在做……” 例：What are you up to? 你在忙什么呢？ ②  up to sb “由某人决定/负责” 例：Whether we go out is up to you. 我们是否外出由你决定。 ③  up to+ 数词/表示数量的词 “多达” 例：There are up to forty people in the park. 公园里至多有40人。 ④ up to+ 时间点 “直到” 例：The store is open up to 10 p.m. 这家店营业到晚上10点。 4. suggestion与advice 辨析 两个都是名词，意为“建议；提议”，但它俩区别如下： ①suggestion 是可数名词，可用a, a few, many及数词等修饰，复数形式是suggestions。常见搭配： accept/follow/take one’s suggestion (s) 采纳某人的建议 ②advice 是不可数名词，不能直接用an, many及数词修饰，而要借助piece“条”来表达。常见搭配： ask for sb’s advice 向某人征求建议 accept/follow/take sb.’s advice 接受/采纳某人的建议 “一条建议” a suggestion = a piece of advice “两条建议” two suggestions = two pieces of advice 例： My teacher always gives me some useful suggestions. 我的老师总是给我一些有用的建议。 My teacher gave me two pieces of advice on English learning. 我的老师给了我两条学英语的建议。 [拓展] 动词形式 suggestion 的动词形式为 suggest advice 的动词形式为 advise 5. strict 的用法 strict 作形容词，意为“严厉的；严格的”，在句中作定语或表语。常见搭配有：  be strict with sb 对某人要求严格  be strict in/about sth 对某事要求严格 例:  Don't be too strict with her. She's just five years old. 不要对她太严格。她只有五岁。 She is strict in following the rules. 她严格遵守规则。 Although the boss was strict about working time, he was friendly to his workers. 虽然老板对工作时间很严格，但他对工人很友好。 6. manage的用法 manage 作动词，意为“完成(困难的事)；管理”，后接名词、代词或动词不定式。 例： She managed to pass the exam with hard work. 她通过努力成功通过了考试。  —Is there anything else I can do for you? 我还能为你做点什么事情吗？ —No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不用了，谢谢。我自己能搞定。  The teacher knows how to manage his students. 这位老师知道怎样管住他的学生。 manage to do sth 与try to do sth辨析 ①manage to do sth 意为“设法做成某事”，强调通过努力达到了目的，结果是成功的。 例：Although I fell down many times, I managed to ride a bike at last. 尽管我摔倒了很多次，但是我最终会骑自行车了。 ②try to do sth 意为“尽力做某事”，强调过程，结果不一定是成功的。 例：I tried to solve the maths problem, but I failed. 我尽力解答这道数学题，但我失败了。 [拓展]manage 的名词形式有：manager“管理者”； management“经营；管理” 7. express 的用法 express 作动词，意为“表达；表示”，后常接名词或从句等作宾语。常见用法有：  express sth. to sb 向某人表达某事   express oneself 表达自己的想法/感情 例：At the same time, you can help your parents with housework to express your thanks to them. 同时，你可以帮助你的父母做家务来表达你对他们的感谢。 Express yourself bravely and show the ideas from your heart. 勇敢地表达自己，展示自己内心的想法。 [拓展] express的名词形式是expression “表达方式；表达；表情” 例：Her expression shows she's really happy about the news. 她的表情表明她听到这个消息特别开心。 8. return 的用法 return 可作动词，也可作名词，其常见用法如下： ①作动词，意为“归还” return sth to sb / return sb sth = give sth back to sb “把某物还给某人” 例：I'm going to return this book to Tom. 我要去把这本书还给汤姆。 作动词，意为“返回；回来” return to + 地点名词=go/come back to + 地点名词 “回到某地” 例：It's time to return to school. 是时候返回学校了。 如果后边接的是地点副词，则：return + 地点副词（如 home, there, here 等，省略 to） 例：She returned here after finishing college. 她大学毕业后回到这里。 ②作名词意为“回来；归还”，常用短语： in return (for sth )“作为（对……的）回报/回应” 例：I help my deskmate with maths, and in return, he teaches me to play basketball. 我帮我的同桌学习数学，作为回报，他教我打篮球。 9. push 的用法 ①作动词，意为“鞭策” 常用搭配：push sb to do sth 鞭策某人做某事 例：My teacher pushes me to study harder. 我老师鞭策我更努力地学习。 作动词，意为“推” 例：He pushed the door open and walked into the room. 他推开门，走进了房间。 ②名词“推” 例：Give the door a push, and it will open. 推一下门，它就会开。 [补充] push 推 ↔ pull 拉 10. “开始做某事”的表达：start to do sth/start doing sth begin to do sth/begin doing sth  11. a good way to do sth 做某事的好方法 4. 重点语法——不定式 （一）什么是动词不定式？ 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中除了不能作谓语外，可以充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等句子成分。 （二）具体用法 1. 动词不定式作状语 [本课重点] 动词不定式作状语时，可表示目的、原因、结果等。本课的重点是动词不定式做目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语可放句末，为了强调目的也可放句首。 例：I play the flute to relax.我吹长笛来放松。[放松是吹长笛的目的] To improve my reading skills, I usually read in my free time.为了提高我的阅读技巧，我经常在空闲时间读书。 拓展：in order to“为了”，后接动词原形，用法和动词不定式一样，都是用来做目的状语。 In order to improve my reading skills, I usually read in my free time.为了提高我的阅读技巧，我经常在空闲时间读书。 2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 [本课重点] ①带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况。后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell, expect, encourage, want, ask, advise 等等。课本上出现的带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的搭配有： tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 expect sb to do sth 期待/预料某人做某事 teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 例：The instructor encouraged Emma to get back up and told her not to give up so easily. 教练鼓励艾玛重新站起来，不要轻易放弃。 ②不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”[即动词原形作宾语补足语] 第一类：动词不定式在使役动词 let，make，have 后作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带to[即我们平时所说的动词用原形]。即平时我们所学的固定搭配： let sb do sth 让某人做某事 make sb do sth 使某人做某事 have sb do sth 使某人做某事 例：Let him go. 让他走。 His mother usually makes him cry。他的妈妈经常把他弄哭。 第二类：动词不定式在感官动词 see、watch、hear、feel 等后作宾语补足语时，不带to。本课上出现的不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的搭配有： watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 [指观看某人做了某事或做某事的全过程] see sb do sth 看见某人做某事[指看见某人做了某事或做某事的全过程] 例：I like watching you write like that.我喜欢看你那样写。[指喜欢看写字的全过程] 特别提醒：动词 help 后的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to。 例:It helps me to relax./It helps me relax. 它帮助我放松。 3. 动词不定式作宾语（复习八上的知识） 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有want、promise、try、agree、decide、hope、expect、plan、wait等等。课本上出现的动词不定式作宾语的搭配有： want to do sth 想要做某事 start to do sth 开始做某事 choose to do sth选择做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事 try to do sth尽力/设法/努力做某事 prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 manage to do sth 设法做成某事 例：Emma didn’t want to go ice skating again at first. 起初艾玛不想再去溜冰了。 4. 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于系表结构之后， 如句型 “It is+形容词+动词不定式短语+其它” 例：It is important to get more exercise. 多锻炼是重要的。 5. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 结构 动词不定式可以和 what, which, how, where, when等特殊疑问词连用。 例：My grandmother taught me how to write it.我的祖母教我如何写书法。 5. 范文 话题“个人爱好” “如何度过空闲时间” 写作思路： 首段：开门见山，引出自己喜欢的休闲活动/爱好 中间段：①通过一件事情讲述一下如何爱上这个休闲活动/爱好（讲得清什么时间、在什么地方、和什么人、一起做了什么事、感受如何等等讲述自此爱上了这个休闲活动/爱好）；②现在做这个休闲活动/爱好的情况（什么时候，和谁，去哪里做这个休闲活动/爱好，如果有必要继续可以写感受） 结尾段：喜欢这个休闲活动/爱好的原因（例如改善健康方面、自信心方面、交朋友方面、改善情绪方面、开阔眼界方面等等） 以下给同学们提供了3篇范文 My Hobby Makes Me Better我的爱好使我更好 Hobbies make life interesting, and my hobby is running. I started it two years ago when I felt weak. I run in the park every morning. At first, I got tired easily and wanted to give up. But I kept going. Now, I can run for 30 minutes without resting. Running makes me feel great. I become stronger and healthier. It also teaches me to be patient. Whenever I face difficulties in study, I tell myself: keep trying, just like running, never give up. The hobby changes me a lot. I'm healthier and more confident than before. It really makes me better. My Hobby 我的爱好 Hobbies play an important part in our lives. My hobby is reading books. When I was a little girl, my mother usually read stories to me before going to bed.The stories were so interesting that I fell in love with reading. Now, I grow up and can read books by myself. I usually read in my bedroom and sometimes I go to the library with my friend Emma. We read together and share ideas with each other. I love reading all kinds of books and I learn a lot from them. Books are just like my good friends. They open up a new world for me. Besides, it lets me make many friends who have the same hobby. We share our favorite books and feelings . It’s really fun! My Favourite Free-time Activity我最喜欢的休闲活动 I have many free-time activities, such as reading and watching TV. But my favourite free-time activity is playing the guitar. I started this activity when I was nine. My father bought me my first guitar for my birthday. I was so excited to learn! Now I practise it in my room every day after finishing my homework. I love playing the guitar because I really enjoy music. Besides, playing the guitar is a good way to relax. But most importantly, it brings me closer to my friends. For example, my best friend Lisa likes playing the piano, and we often meet to play music together after school. And it makes me really happy when I learn a popular song and perform it for my friends. ( 第 1 页 第一单元 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $