Unit 4 Arts and heritage 单元重点单词,单词变形,短语,语法,句型练习-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（新教材沪教版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Arts and heritage 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．Some new schools ________ (build) in our city next year. 2．The popular music ________ (write) by a musician from Shanghai last year. 3．The water ________ (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool. 4．The teacher gave us a ________ (detail) explanation of the new lesson. 5．The old painting is ________ (price) because it holds many warm memories. 6．Many art shows are on show at the school art __________ this week. (exhibit) 7．The beautiful painting __________ (paint) by a famous artist last year. 8．His last years ________ (spend) near the Fuchun River in Zhejiang. 9．Many famous artists ________ (invite) to give talks during the exhibition last week. 10．________ (culture) programmes are more and more popular with young people these days. 11．The famous painter showed her ________ (usual) talent for art at an early age. 12．Mr. Green told us that the concert would be held in the ________ (follow) week. 13．The police have found the wallet and returned it to its ________ (own). 14．I have an interest in painting and I want to be an ________ (art) in the future. 15．It’s harmful to stay in a ________ (pollute) environment for too long. 16．Making noise ________ (make) the environment uncomfortable for others. 17．Factories make the air ________ (safe) to breathe. 18．We __________ (pass) along the art street and admired the beautiful paintings on the walls yesterday. 19．The artist spent half a year creating the __________ (sculpt) of a brave warrior. 20．Could you please make two __________ (copy) of this painting for the exhibition? 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．It is everyone’s duty to ________(保存) these cultural treasures for the future. 22．Many caves have been ________ (损坏) by sand, weather and human activity. 23．________ (不幸地), these amazing artworks have faced dangers since they were discovered. 24．Its collection includes a large number of beautiful wall paintings and ________ (雕像). 25．________ (不幸地；遗憾地), we missed the last bus and had to walk home. 26．Although the old lady lives ________ (独自), she doesn’t feel lonely. 27．The museum has collected several of Vincent van Gogh’s ________ (杰作). 28．The dirty air is ________ (有害的) to our health. 29．We should reduce the use of ________ (塑料) products to protect the ocean. 30．The ________ (温度) in the art room is kept at 25℃ to protect the paintings. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．如果你的老师在身边，你可以寻求帮助。 If your teacher is ________ you, you can ask for help. 32．大约在1650年，原作毁于火灾，并被一分为二。 Around 1650, the original work _______ ________ by fire and _______ _______ into two parts. 33．过去数百名艺术家喜爱这幅画，它被多次临摹。 In the past, hundreds of artists ________ the painting and it ________ ________ many times. 34．他们昨天打了一个小时的篮球。 Basketball ________ ________ by them for an hour yesterday. 35．这可以由机器来做吗？ Can this _________ _________ by machine? 36．所有的花都应该一天浇两次水。 All the flowers _________ _________ _________ twice a day. 37．这项工作必须今天完成。 The work must _________ _________ today. 38．你学习越努力，你获得的知识就越多。 ________ ________ you study, ________ ________ knowledge you will get. 39．她会尽最大努力当一名好老师。 She will ________ ________ ________ to ________ ________ a good teacher. 40．她已经下定决心保护这些文化遗产。 She has ________ ________ ________ ________ to protect these cultural treasures. 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 In China, it’s common to see people using 41 (they) fans to beat the heat in summer on the streets. However, the Chinese fan is not just a tool for cooling down. It also plays 42 important part in traditional Chinese culture. The history of Chinese fans dates back to the Shang Dynasty. One of the earliest 43 (fan) was called Shanhan. It was a bit like today’s umbrella. It was tied to a carriage (马车) to keep people away 44 the strong sunshine and rainfall. Later, Shanhan developed into a long-handled fan called Zhangshan. In fact, the fan was not used for 45 (help) people cool down until the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, fans were usually made of birds’ feathers (羽毛) and mainly used by the emperors. Later, bamboo fans and cattail-leaf fans (蒲扇) 46 (invent) during the Han Dynasty. The two kinds of fans were most popular among the common people during the Song Dynasty. Years later, the folding fan was introduced. This kind of fan soon became popular 47 it could be easily folded and carried. However, if the fan was painted by a famous 48 (art), it could be worth a lot of money. For example, Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong were 49 (know) as great fan-painting artists. Today, there are over 500 kinds of fans in China. Throughout history, Chinese fans have stood the test of time. Now they are 50 (wide) popular both at home and abroad. The tradition of sending Christmas cards was started in the UK in 1843 by Sir Henry Cole. He thought sending cards would help out the post office 51 giving the common people something to receive (接收) and mail. Sir Henry 52 (share) the idea of Christmas cards with his friend John Horsley. They designed (设计) the first card. About 1,000 cards 53 (print) and sold. They are now very valuable (宝贵的) and people need to spend thousands of pounds or dollars on them! The first postal service that common people could use 54 (start) in 1840. Before that, only very rich people had enough money to send anything in the mail. Cards became very popular in the UK when they could 55 (mail) for half the price of a common letter. As printing ways improved, Christmas cards 56 (produce) in large numbers from about 1860. And the cost of sending postcards, and also Christmas cards 57 (drop) a lot. This meant more people were able to send cards. By the early 1900s, the tradition had spread over Europe and had become very popular, 58 (especial) in Germany. In the 1910s and 1920s, home-made cards became popular. They were usually too delicate (易损坏的) 59 send through the mail, so they were given by hand. Nowadays, cards have all kinds of pictures on them. Charities (慈善机构) often sell their own Christmas cards 60 a way of raising money at Christmas. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Arts and heritage 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．Some new schools ________ (build) in our city next year. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意：我们城市明年将建造一些新学校。根据“next year”可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，应该使用一般将来时，又因为“schools”和“build”之间是被动关系，表示“学校被建”，所以应该使用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是“will be done”，所以填will be built。 2．The popular music ________ (write) by a musician from Shanghai last year. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意：这首流行音乐是去年由一位来自上海的音乐家创作的。write意为“写”，是动词。主语The popular music与write之间为被动关系，表示“被创作”，根据时间状语“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数，助动词用was，write的过去分词为written。 3．The water ________ (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool. 【答案】felt 【详解】句意：当我跳进游泳池时，水摸起来很凉爽。feel“感觉”，无被动语态，根据后文的“jumped”可知，使用一般过去时，feel的过去式是felt。故填felt。 4．The teacher gave us a ________ (detail) explanation of the new lesson. 【答案】detailed 【详解】句意：老师给我们详细解释了新课的内容。此处是形容词作定语修饰名词explanation。detail的形容词形式为detailed“详细的”。 5．The old painting is ________ (price) because it holds many warm memories. 【答案】priceless 【详解】句意：这幅旧画是无价的，因为它承载着许多温暖的回忆。根据“price”及系动词“is”的结构，此处需用形容词priceless作表语，表示“无价的”。 6．Many art shows are on show at the school art __________ this week. (exhibit) 【答案】exhibition 【详解】句意：本周许多艺术展正在学校艺术展览会展出。介词at后面应该加地点或场所；school art是定语，后面需要加名词；“exhibit”为动词，意为“展览”，其名词形式exhibition意为“展览、展览会”；“school art exhibition”表示“学校艺术展览会”。 7．The beautiful painting __________ (paint) by a famous artist last year. 【答案】was painted 【详解】句意：这幅美丽的画是去年一位著名艺术家画的。句子主语“The beautiful painting”与动词“paint”之间是被动关系，表示“画被画”，所以应用被动语态；由时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用was，paint的过去分词是painted。 8．His last years ________ (spend) near the Fuchun River in Zhejiang. 【答案】were spent 【详解】句意：他的最后岁月是在浙江富春江边度过的。根据句意，主语“His last years”与spend之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。根据句意描述过去情况，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语为复数，spend的过去分词是spent。 9．Many famous artists ________ (invite) to give talks during the exhibition last week. 【答案】were invited 【详解】句意：上周许多著名艺术家被邀请在展览期间举办讲座。句中主语“Many famous artists”与谓语动词“邀请”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。时间状语“last week”提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时被动语态的结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为复数，故填were invited。 10．________ (culture) programmes are more and more popular with young people these days. 【答案】Cultural 【详解】句意：如今文化类节目越来越受年轻人欢迎。空格处修饰名词programmes，需用形容词形式，culture的形容词是cultural，且句首首字母大写，故填Cultural。   11．The famous painter showed her ________ (usual) talent for art at an early age. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：这位著名画家在很小的时候就展现了她非凡的艺术天赋。此处应填形容词作定语修饰talent。此处表示“非凡的，与众不同的”，应用usual的反义词unusual。 12．Mr. Green told us that the concert would be held in the ________ (follow) week. 【答案】following 【详解】句意：格林先生告诉我们音乐会将在接下来的一周举行。根据“the”及“week”提示，此处应填形容词作定语修饰week。“follow”为动词，其形容词形式following“接下来的”符合句意。 13．The police have found the wallet and returned it to its ________ (own). 【答案】owner 【详解】句意：警察找到了钱包，并把它归还给了其主人。“its”是形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词；own是动词，意为“拥有”，应变为名词owner，表示“所有者，物主”。 14．I have an interest in painting and I want to be an ________ (art) in the future. 【答案】artist 【详解】句意：我对绘画感兴趣，将来想成为一名艺术家。根据“an”及句意提示，此处应填可数名词单数形式作表语。“art”为名词“艺术”，其名词形式artist“艺术家”符合句意。 15．It’s harmful to stay in a ________ (pollute) environment for too long. 【答案】polluted 【详解】句意：待在被污染的环境里太久是有害的。空格处应填形容词修饰名词“environment”。“pollute”的过去分词形式“polluted”可作形容词，意为 “被污染的”，符合语境。故填polluted。 16．Making noise ________ (make) the environment uncomfortable for others. 【答案】makes 【详解】句意：制造噪音会让他人所处的环境变得不舒服。此处在句中作谓语。句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是动名词短语“Making noise”，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。“make”的第三人称单数形式“makes”。故填makes。 17．Factories make the air ________ (safe) to breathe. 【答案】unsafe 【详解】句意：工厂使得呼吸的空气变得不安全。句子使用了“make+宾语+形容词”的结构，因此空格处填形容词。由语境可知，工厂排放的污染物会让空气变得不适合呼吸，这与“safe”的含义相反。 “safe”的反义词是“unsafe”，意为“不安全的”。故填unsafe。 18．We __________ (pass) along the art street and admired the beautiful paintings on the walls yesterday. 【答案】passed 【详解】句意：昨天我们沿着艺术街走，欣赏了墙上漂亮的画作。 句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应该使用过去式，“pass”的过去式是“passed”，故填passed。 19．The artist spent half a year creating the __________ (sculpt) of a brave warrior. 【答案】sculpture 【详解】句意：这位艺术家花了半年时间创作了一位勇敢战士的雕塑。根据“The artist spent half a year creating the...of a brave warrior.”以及所给单词可知，应填sculpt的名词形式sculpture“雕塑”，作宾语，表示一位勇敢战士的雕塑。故填sculpture。 20．Could you please make two __________ (copy) of this painting for the exhibition? 【答案】copies 【详解】句意：你能为展览复印两份这幅画吗？copy“一份”，two修饰用可数名词复数形式copies。故填copies。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．It is everyone’s duty to ________(保存) these cultural treasures for the future. 【答案】preserve 【详解】句意：为未来保存这些文化珍宝是每个人的责任。It is one’s duty to do sth为固定句型，意为“做某事是某人的责任”，因此空处需填入动词原形，结合汉语提示，“保存”的英文为preserve，动词原形，符合题意。 22．Many caves have been ________ (损坏) by sand, weather and human activity. 【答案】damaged 【详解】句意：许多洞穴已被沙子、天气和人类活动所损坏。句子主语Many caves与“损坏”存在被动关系，且句中有助动词have been，应用过去分词构成被动语态。“损坏”对应的英文动词是damage，其过去分词是damaged，故填damaged。 23．________ (不幸地), these amazing artworks have faced dangers since they were discovered. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】句意：不幸地是，这些令人惊叹的艺术品自被发现以来就面临着危险。根据中文提示可知，“不幸地”对应的英文是“Unfortunately”，是副词，此处用来修饰整个句子，置于句首，首字母大写。 24．Its collection includes a large number of beautiful wall paintings and ________ (雕像). 【答案】sculptures 【详解】 句意：它的藏品包括大量美丽的壁画和雕像。“雕像” 对应的英文单词是sculpture。根据句中的a large number of（大量的）可知，此处指代不止一个雕像，应用复数形式 sculptures，故填sculptures。 25．________ (不幸地；遗憾地), we missed the last bus and had to walk home. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】句意：不幸的是，我们错过了最后一班公交车，不得不走路回家。根据汉语提示可知，Unfortunately“不幸地；遗憾地”，副词作状语修饰整个句子，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Unfortunately。 26．Although the old lady lives ________ (独自), she doesn’t feel lonely. 【答案】alone 【详解】句意：虽然这位老妇人独自生活，但她并不感到孤独。根据“lives”及句意提示，此处应填副词修饰动词lives。“独自”为副词alone，表示客观上的独自一人。 27．The museum has collected several of Vincent van Gogh’s ________ (杰作). 【答案】masterpieces 【详解】句意：该博物馆收藏了几件文森特·梵高的杰作。根据“several of”提示，后接可数名词复数形式。“杰作”为名词masterpiece，其复数形式是masterpieces。 28．The dirty air is ________ (有害的) to our health. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：污浊的空气对我们的健康有害。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要一个形容词作表语，构成“系表结构”。有害的对应的英文“harmful”， “be harmful to...”，意为 “对……有害”，符合语境。故填harmful。 29．We should reduce the use of ________ (塑料) products to protect the ocean. 【答案】plastic 【详解】句意：我们应该减少塑料制品的使用，以保护海洋。空格在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词“products”。“塑料”对应的英文是plastic。“plastic products”是固定搭配，意为“塑料制品”。 30．The ________ (温度) in the art room is kept at 25℃ to protect the paintings. 【答案】temperature 【详解】句意：美术室的温度保持在25℃以保护画作。句中“温度”对应的英文单词是temperature，为可数名词，此处特指美术室的温度，用单数形式。故填temperature。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．如果你的老师在身边，你可以寻求帮助。 If your teacher is ________ you, you can ask for help. 【答案】next to 【详解】原句中“在身边”是关键词，表示“在……身边、在……旁边”常用短语是next to。故填next to。 32．大约在1650年，原作毁于火灾，并被一分为二。 Around 1650, the original work _______ ________ by fire and _______ _______ into two parts. 【答案】 was damaged was split 【详解】原句中“毁于火灾”和“被一分为二”是关键词，表示 “被毁坏”的短语是be damaged，表示“被分开”的短语是be split。本句为一般过去时的被动语态，主语the original work是单数，be动词用was；“毁于火灾”为was damaged by fire，“被一分为二”为was split into two parts，两个被动语态结构由and并列。故填was；damaged；was；split。 33．过去数百名艺术家喜爱这幅画，它被多次临摹。 In the past, hundreds of artists ________ the painting and it ________ ________ many times. 【答案】 loved was copied 【详解】第一空：原句中“喜爱”是关键词，表示“喜爱”的动词是love。本句描述过去的状态，使用一般过去时，loved作谓语。后两空：原句中“被临摹”是关键词，表示“被临摹”的被动语态是was copied，主语it是第三人称单数，be动词用was。 34．他们昨天打了一个小时的篮球。 Basketball ________ ________ by them for an hour yesterday. 【答案】 was played 【详解】原句中“他们打篮球”是主动语态，其中“他们”是动作“打”的执行者，“篮球”是动作的承受者。原句中的“昨天”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构是“was/were + 过去分词”，主语“Basketball”是单数，所以用was，play的过去分词是played。 35．这可以由机器来做吗？ Can this _________ _________ by machine? 【答案】 be done 【详解】原句中“做”是关键词，表示“做”的单词是do，与主语“this”为被动关系，且位于情态动词“Can”之后，故填be；done。 36．所有的花都应该一天浇两次水。 All the flowers _________ _________ _________ twice a day. 【答案】 should be watered 【详解】原句中“应该浇水”是关键词。表示“应该”的单词是should；表示“浇水”的单词是water，和主语“All the flowers”为被动关系，且位于情态动词之后，使用情态动词的被动。故填should；be；watered。 37．这项工作必须今天完成。 The work must _________ _________ today. 【答案】 be finished 【详解】原句中“完成”是关键词，表示“完成”的单词是finish，和主语“The work”为被动关系，且位于情态动词“must”之后，使用情态动词的被动语态。故填be；finished。 38．你学习越努力，你获得的知识就越多。 ________ ________ you study, ________ ________ knowledge you will get. 【答案】 The harder the more 【详解】原句中“越努力……越多”是关键词，表示“越……越……”的结构是“The+比较级，the+比较级”，hard“努力”比较级为harder，much“多的”修饰不可数名词knowledge，比较级为more。 39．她会尽最大努力当一名好老师。 She will ________ ________ ________ to ________ ________ a good teacher. 【答案】 do her best work as 【详解】原句中“尽最大努力”和“当”是关键词，表示“尽最大努力”的短语是do one’s best，这里主语是she，所以用her；表示“当”的短语是work as。本句为一般将来时，will后接动词原形。故填do；her；best；work；as。 40．她已经下定决心保护这些文化遗产。 She has ________ ________ ________ ________ to protect these cultural treasures. 【答案】 made up her mind 【详解】make up one’s mind to do sth“下定决心做某事”。make用过去分词形式made，和前面的has 一起构成现在完成时结构；主语是She（她），one’s对应用her。 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 In China, it’s common to see people using 41 (they) fans to beat the heat in summer on the streets. However, the Chinese fan is not just a tool for cooling down. It also plays 42 important part in traditional Chinese culture. The history of Chinese fans dates back to the Shang Dynasty. One of the earliest 43 (fan) was called Shanhan. It was a bit like today’s umbrella. It was tied to a carriage (马车) to keep people away 44 the strong sunshine and rainfall. Later, Shanhan developed into a long-handled fan called Zhangshan. In fact, the fan was not used for 45 (help) people cool down until the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, fans were usually made of birds’ feathers (羽毛) and mainly used by the emperors. Later, bamboo fans and cattail-leaf fans (蒲扇) 46 (invent) during the Han Dynasty. The two kinds of fans were most popular among the common people during the Song Dynasty. Years later, the folding fan was introduced. This kind of fan soon became popular 47 it could be easily folded and carried. However, if the fan was painted by a famous 48 (art), it could be worth a lot of money. For example, Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong were 49 (know) as great fan-painting artists. Today, there are over 500 kinds of fans in China. Throughout history, Chinese fans have stood the test of time. Now they are 50 (wide) popular both at home and abroad. 【答案】 41．their 42．an 43．fans 44．from 45．helping 46．were invented 47．because 48．artist 49．known 50．widely 【导语】本文介绍中国扇子的历史、发展、用途及文化价值，如今在国内外广受欢迎。 41．句意：在中国，夏天在街上经常能看到人们用他们的扇子消暑。空格后为名词fans，需用形容词性物主代词修饰。 42．句意：它在中国传统文化中也起着重要的作用。play an important part in为固定搭配，important以元音音素开头。 43．句意：最早的扇子之一被称为扇汗。one of后接可数名词复数。 44．句意：它被系在马车上，使人们远离强烈的阳光和雨水。keep away from为固定搭配，表示“远离”。 45．句意：事实上，直到周朝扇子才被用来帮助人们降温。be used for doing sth.为固定结构，表示“被用于……”。 46．句意：后来，竹扇和蒲扇在汉代被发明出来。主语为动作承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为 bamboo fans and cattail-leaf fans，be动词用were，invent的过去分词为invented。 47．句意：这种扇子很快流行起来，因为它易于折叠和携带。后句说明原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 48．句意：然而，如果扇子出自著名艺术家之手，它可能价值不菲。famous后接表示人的名词，a后接可数名词单数。artist“艺术家”，符合。 49．句意：例如，齐白石和徐悲鸿是著名的扇画艺术家。be known as为固定搭配，表示“作为……而出名”。 50．句意：现在它们在国内外广受欢迎。修饰形容词popular需用副词。 The tradition of sending Christmas cards was started in the UK in 1843 by Sir Henry Cole. He thought sending cards would help out the post office 51 giving the common people something to receive (接收) and mail. Sir Henry 52 (share) the idea of Christmas cards with his friend John Horsley. They designed (设计) the first card. About 1,000 cards 53 (print) and sold. They are now very valuable (宝贵的) and people need to spend thousands of pounds or dollars on them! The first postal service that common people could use 54 (start) in 1840. Before that, only very rich people had enough money to send anything in the mail. Cards became very popular in the UK when they could 55 (mail) for half the price of a common letter. As printing ways improved, Christmas cards 56 (produce) in large numbers from about 1860. And the cost of sending postcards, and also Christmas cards 57 (drop) a lot. This meant more people were able to send cards. By the early 1900s, the tradition had spread over Europe and had become very popular, 58 (especial) in Germany. In the 1910s and 1920s, home-made cards became popular. They were usually too delicate (易损坏的) 59 send through the mail, so they were given by hand. Nowadays, cards have all kinds of pictures on them. Charities (慈善机构) often sell their own Christmas cards 60 a way of raising money at Christmas. 【答案】 51．by 52．shared 53．were printed 54．was started 55．be mailed 56．were produced 57．dropped 58．especially 59．to 60．as 【导语】本文主要讲述了圣诞贺卡这一传统在英国的起源与发展历程，从 1843 年亨利・科尔爵士发起贺卡设计，到印刷技术进步后贺卡大规模生产、价格下降，再到如今慈善机构借贺卡筹款的演变过程。 51．句意：他认为寄送贺卡可以通过给普通人提供可接收和邮寄的东西来帮助邮局。固定搭配by doing sth.表示 “通过做某事”，用于说明方式，符合语境。 52．句意：亨利爵士和他的朋友约翰・霍斯利分享了圣诞贺卡的想法。句子时态为一般过去时（描述 1843 年的历史事件），share的过去式为 shared。 53．句意：大约1000张贺卡被印刷并出售。主语1,000 cards和print是被动关系，且事件发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态were printed。 54．句意：第一个普通人可以使用的邮政服务于1840年启动。主语The first postal service和start是被动关系，且时间为1840年，需用一般过去时的被动语态was started。 55．句意：当贺卡可以以普通信件一半的价格邮寄时，它们在英国变得非常流行。主语they（指代贺卡）和mail是被动关系，情态动词could后接被动语态结构be mailed。 56．句意：随着印刷技术的改进，从大约1860年起，圣诞贺卡被大量生产。主语Christmas cards和produce是被动关系，且时间为1860年左右，需用一般过去时的被动语态were produced。 57．句意：寄送明信片以及圣诞贺卡的成本大幅下降。句子时态为一般过去时，描述过去成本下降的事实，drop的过去式为dropped。 58．句意：到 20 世纪初，这一传统传遍欧洲，变得非常流行，尤其是在德国。此处用于强调“在德国”这一范围，需用副词especially（尤其，特别）。 59．句意：它们通常太易碎而无法通过邮寄寄送，所以是亲手递送的。固定结构too...to...表示“太…… 而不能……”，后接动词原形。 60．句意：慈善机构经常出售自己的圣诞贺卡，作为在圣诞节筹款的一种方式。固定搭配as a way of表示“作为……的一种方式”，符合语境。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $