精品解析：湖南衡阳市第八中学2026年高考适应性考试(二)英语练习卷

衡阳市八中2026年高考适应性练习卷 (二) 英语 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What will Ben do at lunchtime? A. Attend a meeting. B. Play chess. C. Practice singing. 2. What does Alfie like about his new school? A. The location. B. The school trips. C. The dressing rule. 3. How did the woman learn to make the chocolate cake? A. From a cake shop. B. From online videos. C. From a family member’s notes. 4. What are the speakers doing? A. Climbing a tree. B. Appreciating an artwork. C. Watching birds in nature. 5. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Ask for more time. B. Focus on the main goal. C. Double-check all the details. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where are the speakers probably? A. In a park. B. In a supermarket. C. In a cinema. 7. What does the woman decide to do? A. Try to repair the step. B. Put up a warning sign. C. Report the broken equipment. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Brother and sister. B. Exercise partners. C. Neighbors. 9. What change does Paul notice in Debbie? A. She looks tired. B. She has lost weight. C. She dresses differently. 10. What type of exercise does Paul probably prefer? A. Swimming. B. Running. C. Weightlifting. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What did the man think of his museum trip at first? A. It was worth expecting. B. It was a bit scary. C. It was boring. 12. Which part did the man enjoy most? A. The touch tables. B. The virtual tour. C. The moving dinosaurs. 13. How long can the man use the VR system per week at school? A. 30 minutes. B. 60 minutes. C. 90 minutes. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Lena’s stress from work. B. Lena’s marketing skills. C. Lena’s volunteer job. 15. What is Lena’s new duty? A. Serving meals. B. Sorting donations. C. Organizing a fund-raising event. 16. How does Lena feel about her new role? A. She feels excited and honored. B. She thinks it’s too challenging. C. She finds it helps her kill time. 17. What does Alan offer to do for Lena? A. Help promote the event. B. Donate money. C. Volunteer regularly. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. Where did the fire start? A. In a city hospital. B. In a chemical factory. C. In a park. 19. Which emergency service does Captain Burnham work for? A. The fire service. B. The police service. C. The ambulance service. 20. What should people living near the park do? A. Help the injured. B. Leave their homes at once. C. Stay inside and shut windows and doors. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Understanding China requires exploring its ancient capitals, the lifeblood of its civilization. These cities, where empires rose and fell and cultures intertwined, shaped China’s enduring identity. Xi’an: The Eternal Capital Xi’an, historically known as Chang’an, served as the capital for thirteen dynasties, including the Qin, Western Han, and Tang. As the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, Xi’an blossomed into one of the world’s first truly metropolitan cities. It safeguards the world-renowned Terracotta Army and the well-preserved Ming Dynasty city wall, earning Xi’an the title of a “Living History Museum.” Luoyang: The Sacred Center Luoyang, also hosting thirteen dynasties, is revered as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. It flourished as the capital during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, and notably under Empress Wu Zetian, China’s only female emperor. Its profound spiritual significance is carved into the Longmen Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The White Horse Temple, traditionally recognized as China’s first Buddhist temple, marks the arrival of Buddhism into Chinese culture. Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience Nanjing, meaning “ Southern Capital,” served as the seat of power for ten dynasties, including the early Ming and the Republic of China. Its strategic location made it a recurring choice for establishing regional dominance. The city’s history is a poignant narrative of glory, destruction, and rebirth, embodying the cyclical patterns of Chinese history. Landmarks like the grand Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the colossal Ming Dynasty city wall, and the solemn memorials to its tragic past collectively narrate the story of this resilient “City of Memories.” Beijing: The Imperial Capital Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, has served as China’s political heart for over 850 years, a role it continues to fulfill today. It is the definite imperial city, home to the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex, the Forbidden City. The majestic layouts of the Temple of Heaven and the ethereal beauty of the Summer Palace, alongside the imposing Great Wall nearby, reflect the enduring “Mandate of Heaven” philosophy. Evolving from a northern frontier town into a sprawling metropolis, Beijing seamlessly blends ancient imperial grandeur with vibrant modernity. 1. What do the four ancient capitals mentioned in the text have in common? A. They all served as capitals during the Tang Dynasty. B. They are all home to UNESCO World Heritage sites. C. They all have well-preserved ancient city walls. D. They all served as political centers for multiple dynasties. 2. What is special about Nanjing according to the text? A. It was once the eastern starting point of the Silk Road. B. It is known as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. C. Its history reflects a pattern of destruction and reconstruction. D. It has the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex. 3. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A personal travel journal. B. A historical research paper. C. A cultural tourism website. D. A modern city planning report. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国四大古都——西安、洛阳、南京、北京的历史地位、文化特色及其在中华文明发展中的独特意义。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Xi’an: The Eternal Capital部分“Xi’an, historically known as Chang’an, served as the capital for thirteen dynasties, including the Qin, Western Han, and Tang.(西安，古称长安，曾为十三个朝代的都城，包括秦、西汉和唐朝。)”、Luoyang: The Sacred Center部分“Luoyang, also hosting thirteen dynasties, is revered as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization.(洛阳同样曾为十三个朝代的都城，被尊崇为中华文明的精神腹地。)”、Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience部分“Nanjing, meaning “ Southern Capital,” served as the seat of power for ten dynasties, including the early Ming and the Republic of China.(南京，意为“南方的都城”，曾为十个朝代的权力中心，包括明朝初期和中华民国。)”和Beijing: The Imperial Capital部分“Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, has served as China’s political heart for over 850 years, a role it continues to fulfill today.(北京是元、明、清三朝的都城，作为中国的政治中心已有超过850年的历史，并且至今仍延续着这一角色。)”可知，它们的共同点是都曾作为多个朝代的都城，即政治中心。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience部分“The city’s history is a poignant narrative of glory, destruction, and rebirth, embodying the cyclical patterns of Chinese history.(这座城市的历史是一部由荣耀、毁灭与重生构成的悲怆叙事，体现了中国历史治乱循环的规律。)”可知，南京这座城市的历史是一段关于荣耀、毁灭和重生的叙述。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Understanding China requires exploring its ancient capitals, the lifeblood of its civilization. These cities, where empires rose and fell and cultures intertwined, shaped China’s enduring identity.(理解中国，需要探索其古代都城——这些文明的命脉所在。在这些城市里，王朝兴衰更迭，文化交融碰撞，共同塑造了中国绵延不绝的国家认同。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国的四个历史古城，旨在向读者介绍这些文化遗址，故可推知文章来自文化旅游网站。故选C。 B Fabian Mdluli grew up in Acornhoek, a rural town that borders Greater Kruger National Park. The park, home to lions, elephants, rhinos, and over 147 animal species, draws nearly two million visitors yearly. Like many young people living near one of South Africa’s 1,690 protected areas, however, 23-year-old Mdluli had never seen the country’s wildlife in person. Last year, Fabian Mdluli became the first fully sponsored student in an initiative by Too Wild Productions to train South Africa’s next generation of wildlife filmmakers. Founded by zoologist-turned TV presenter Lauren Arthur and filmmakers David Eastaugh, the program provides hands-on experience in the wild. During the four-week course in Timbavati Private Nature Reserve (53,000 hectares, western Kruger), students develop technical skills while learning ethical storytelling to drive positive change. Mdluli describes it as transformational. “It helped me discover my passion — editing. It’s all about constructing the story.” While Africa is a primary setting for many internationally acclaimed (受到称赞的) wildlife films, African voices remain scanty behind the camera. A 2022 report revealed that while 25% of film award submissions featured African wildlife, only 7% were actually made in Africa by Africans. A recent UNESCO report confirmed that the film and audiovisual sector in Africa generated just 20 billion. At the same time, youth unemployment stands at more than 65% in rural communities within the Greater Kruger area, where poverty and unemployment are driving factors behind environmental challenges such as human-wildlife conflict. “We’ve seen these challenges with our own eyes and, while we don’t think we can solve these problems alone, we want to ensure those who live closest to these ecosystems have the tools, knowledge and opportunity to tell their own stories,” says Arthur. While Mdluli has joined Too Wild as a junior editor, he’s eager to take on new opportunities in the industry. Arthur says they’ ll support him, as well as their current sponsored students, as much as they can. “Our biggest goal is to have production companies coming to us asking, ‘Hey, who are your local filmmakers? We want to hire them,’” says Arthur. 4. What can we know about young people near the protected areas? A. They benefit from wildlife tourism. B. They all receive filmmaking training. C. They can visit national parks regularly. D. They have little contact with wildlife. 5. What is the feature of Too Wild Productions? A. It offers degree certificates. B. It provides practical field training. C. It focuses on studio production. D. It admits international filmmakers. 6. What does the underlined word “scanty” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Active. B. Weak. C. Confident. D. Unique. 7. What is Arthur’s main expectation for the initiative? A. To build a lasting local talent pool. B. To produce popular wildlife films. C. To encourage youths to work independently. D. To arouse youths’ interest in the film industry. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Too Wild Productions这一组织通过提供野生动物电影制作培训，帮助南非保护地附近的年轻人接触野生动物，培养他们的电影制作技能，并期望建立本地人才库的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Like many young people living near one of South Africa’s 1,690 protected areas, however, 23-year-old Mdluli had never seen the country’s wildlife in person. (然而，和许多生活在南非1690个保护区之一的年轻人一样，23岁的Mdluli从未亲眼见过该国的野生动物)”可知，居住在保护区附近的年轻人很少接触到野生动物。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Last year, Fabian Mdluli became the first fully sponsored student in an initiative by Too Wild Productions to train South Africa’s next generation of wildlife filmmakers. Founded by zoologist-turned TV presenter Lauren Arthur and filmmakers David Eastaugh, the program provides hands-on experience in the wild.  (去年，法比安·姆德鲁利成为Too Wild Productions公司一项人才培养计划中首位获得全额资助的学员。该项目由动物学家出身的电视主持人劳伦·阿瑟和电影制作人大卫·伊斯特夫共同创立，致力于培养南非下一代野生动物电影制作人，并提供野外实践机会)”可知，Too Wild Productions的一个特点是提供野外实践机会，即实践性的实地培训。故选B项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“While Africa is a primary setting for many internationally acclaimed (受到称赞的) wildlife films, African voices remain scanty behind the camera. (尽管非洲是许多国际知名野生动物电影的主要取景地，但在镜头背后，非洲人的声音仍然scanty)”和“A 2022 report revealed that while 25% of film award submissions featured African wildlife, only 7% were actually made in Africa by Africans. (2022年的一份报告显示，虽然有25%的电影奖项参赛作品以非洲野生动物为特色，但只有7%实际上是由非洲人在非洲制作的)”可知，虽然很多电影在非洲拍摄，但非洲电影人参与制作的比例很低。所以划线词“scanty”意为稀少的、微弱的，与B项“Weak”意思相近。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our biggest goal is to have production companies coming to us asking, ‘Hey, who are your local filmmakers? We want to hire them,’” says Arthur. (Arthur说：“我们最大的目标是让制作公司来找我们问，‘嘿，你们当地的电影制作人是谁?我们想雇用他们。’”)”可知，Arthur对该计划的主要期望是建立一个持久的人才库，让当地电影制作人能获得行业认可和就业机会，从而促进本地人才在行业中的可持续发展。故选A项。 C Most of us were raised to think that smart people always know the right answers. From gold stars in school to performance reviews in the office, we’re rewarded for certainty. Yet as Bidhan Parmar, professor at the UVA Darden School of Business, argues in his new book, Radical Doubt, “Certainty somehow blinds us. The only thing that spoon-feeding teaches us is the shape of a spoon”. His point is unsettling: The very habits we rely on to feel smart — rushing toward the final goals, simplifying complex problems, sugar-coating our initial reactions — are the ones that keep us from making wise choices. The hardest problems we face in life, whether in careers, relationships, or society, rarely come with single right answers. They’re what Parmar calls “moments of unease”: multi-criteria choices that involve competing goals, high risks, and deep uncertainty. The old playbook of being a “right-answer getter” not only fails here, but backfires. As Parmar explains, “We often treat complex problems like simple ones until we are faced with the reality.” Our personal and professional environments are more uncertain than ever. Technology evolves faster than regulation, workplaces are more diverse, and social standards are shifting. I’ve watched firsthand that seasoned leaders ignore warning signs because they were addicted to “feeling right.” They simplified the situation when they should have paused or explored, and missed the opportunity that doubt was pointing them toward. Our brains run on interconnected systems: the Pursue system (seek rewards), the Protect system (avoid threats), and the Pause-and-Piece-Together system (engage doubt and reframe). Prior evidence-based studies report that most of us let the first two dominate, charging ahead or withdrawing in fear. Grounded in behavioral science, the wiser move is to take enough time to notice complexity, question assumptions, and treat our intuition (直觉) not as the only decision but as an alternative. In practice, this means holding competing goals side by side, and learning to say not “I know,” but “I’m learning.” 8. What is implied by mentioning the spoon-feeding? A. Certainty might ruin decision-making. B. Average people can learn few facts. C. Smart habits secure positive outcomes. D. Simple tools secretly boost creativity. 9. Which might be a “moment of unease”? A. Profiting from stable investments with spare funds. B. Trying to find a job overseas when a parent falls ill. C. Treating difficult problems with one’s first intuition. D. Continuing to develop in one’s familiar research field. 10. What can make leaders fail according to the author? A. Shifting standards. B. Lacking experience. C. Ignoring principles. D. Overlooking doubts. 11. What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A. Intuition types and brain functions. B. Initial doubts and competing goals. C. Brain systems and connection forms. D. Scientific theories and workable tips. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要阐述了人们常被教导追求确定答案，但这会阻碍明智决策。复杂问题无唯一解，过度追求确定性易适得其反。应善用大脑的审慎系统，拥抱怀疑，以学习心态应对不确定性。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet as Bidhan Parmar, professor at the UVA Darden School of Business, argues in his new book, Radical Doubt, “Certainty somehow blinds us. The only thing that spoon-feeding teaches us is the shape of a spoon”. His point is unsettling: The very habits we rely on to feel smart — rushing toward the final goals, simplifying complex problems, sugar-coating our initial reactions — are the ones that keep us from making wise choices.(然而，正如弗吉尼亚大学达顿商学院的布迪安·帕尔马尔教授在其新书《激进的怀疑》中所指出的那样：“确定性会让我们变得盲目。一味地灌输所教会我们的，不过是勺子的形状而已”。他的观点令人不安：我们赖以自认为聪明的那些习惯——急于追求最终目标、简化复杂问题、美化最初的反应——恰恰是那些阻碍我们做出明智选择的习惯)”可知，提到“填鸭式教育”所隐含的意思是过分的确定性可能会破坏决策过程。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They’re what Parmar calls “moments of unease”: multi-criteria choices that involve competing goals, high risks, and deep uncertainty.(这就是帕尔玛所说的“不安时刻”：这类决策涉及多重标准，包含相互冲突的目标、巨大的风险以及极大的不确定性)”可知，“不安时刻”涉及多重标准，包含相互冲突的目标、巨大的风险以及极大的不确定性。B选项“当父母生病时，却试图去国外找工作”符合“不安时刻”的描述。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“I’ve watched firsthand that seasoned leaders ignore warning signs because they were addicted to “feeling right.” They simplified the situation when they should have paused or explored, and missed the opportunity that doubt was pointing them toward.(我亲眼目睹过一些经验丰富的领导者会忽视那些警示信号，因为他们过于执着于“感觉是对的”这种想法。他们本应停下来或深入探究，却选择了简化问题，从而错失了那些由怀疑所指向的机遇)”可知，导致领导者失败的原因是忽视疑虑。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Our brains run on interconnected systems: the Pursue system (seek rewards), the Protect system (avoid threats), and the Pause-and-Piece-Together system (engage doubt and reframe). Prior evidence-based studies report that most of us let the first two dominate, charging ahead or withdrawing in fear. Grounded in behavioral science, the wiser move is to take enough time to notice complexity, question assumptions, and treat our intuition (直觉) not as the only decision but as an alternative. In practice, this means holding competing goals side by side, and learning to say not “I know,” but “I’m learning.”(我们的大脑由相互关联的系统构成：追求系统（寻求奖励）、保护系统（避免威胁）以及暂停并整合系统（质疑并重新审视）。以往基于实证的研究表明，我们大多数人往往让前两个系统占据主导地位，要么勇往直前，要么因恐惧而退缩。从行为科学的角度来看，更明智的做法是花足够的时间去留意复杂性、质疑假设，并将我们的直觉（直觉）视为一种可供选择的决策方式，而非唯一的决定依据。实际上，这意味着要同时兼顾相互冲突的目标，并学会说“我正在学习”，而非“我知道”)”可知，最后一段主要谈论了科学理论与实用建议。故选D。 D We expect our doctors to be demi gods — faultless, tireless, always right. But they are only human. Increasingly, they are stretched thin, working long hours, under enormous pressure, and often with limited resources. Of course, better conditions would help, including more staff and improved systems. But even in the best funded clinics with the most committed professionals, standards can still fall short. Despite years of training, human brains are not optimally equipped for the pace, pressure, and complexity of modern healthcare. Given that patient care is medicine’s core purpose, the question is who, or what, is best placed to deliver it? AI may still raise doubts, but research increasingly shows how it could help fix some of the most persistent problems and overlooked failures — from misdiagnosis and error to unequal access to care. Modern medicine prides itself on being scientific, yet doctors don’t always practise what the evidence recommends. Studies show that evidence-based treatments are offered only about half the time to adults in the US. Doctors can also disagree about diagnoses. In a study of more than 12,000 radiology images, reviewers offering second opinions disagreed with the original assessment in about one in three cases. As alarming as this is, there are understandable reasons for these failures — and viewed from another angle, it’s remarkable that doctors get it right as often as they do. Medical knowledge also moves faster than doctors can keep up. By graduation, half of what medical students learn is already outdated. It takes an average of 17 years for research to reach clinical practice, and with a new biomedical article published every 39 seconds, even skimming the abstracts would take about 22 hours a day. There are more than 7,000 rare diseases, with 250 more identified each year. In contrast, AI processes vast amounts of medical data at lightning speed, 24/7. Where doctors vary in unwanted ways, AI is consistent. AI’s superpower is spotting patterns humans miss, and these tools are surprisingly good at recognising rare diseases. Patients are increasingly recognising these benefits. Then there’s the problem of access. Those most in need — the sickest, poorest and most marginalised in society — are the ones most likely to be left behind. American Time Use Survey data shows patients sacrifice two hours for a 20-minute doctor’s visit. This will only work for those who can use it, of course. Internet access is improving globally, but there are still serious gaps: 2.5 billion people remain offline. 12. Why does the author begin by describing doctors as “demi gods”? A. To stress the unrealistic expectations people have of doctors. B. To show that doctors are usually trained to be perfect. C. To criticize medical schools for poor training. D. To highlight doctors’ higher social status. 13. What problem does the author highlight with current medical practice? A. Most doctors do not believe in scientific methods. B. Doctors usually misinterpret biomedical research articles. C. Doctors often fail to apply evidence-based treatments consistently. D. Medical students are unwilling to learn updated medical knowledge. 14. What can be inferred about AI’s role in healthcare? A. AI is especially useful for detecting common diseases. B. AI could completely replace doctors in medical services. C. AI has already solved the problem of global internet access. D. AI may reduce inconsistency in diagnosis and improve access. 15. What is the author most likely to discuss in the following paragraph? A. The history of artificial intelligence in medicine. B. More examples of patients rejecting AI technology. C. Evidence that AI is less accurate than human doctors. D. Solutions to the digital divide that limits AI healthcare. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了人们对医生期望过高，而医生受压力、知识更新快等限制易出错。AI可快速处理数据、提高诊断准确性与一致性，改善医疗可及性，但仍面临数字鸿沟等问题。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“We expect our doctors to be demi gods — faultless, tireless, always right. But they are only human. (我们期望医生们能成为半神一般的存在——完美无缺、不知疲倦、永远正确。但他们毕竟也只是凡人。)”可知，作者一开始就将医生描述为“半神”是为了以此强调人们对医生的不切实际的期望。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Modern medicine prides itself on being scientific, yet doctors don’t always practise what the evidence recommends. Studies show that evidence-based treatments are offered only about half the time to adults in the US. (现代医学自诩具有科学性，但医生们却并非总是遵循证据所推荐的做法。研究表明，在美国，基于证据的治疗方案仅被用于大约一半的情况下。)”可知，作者指出当前医疗实践中，医生们常常未能一贯地采用基于证据的治疗方法。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Where doctors vary in unwanted ways, AI is consistent. AI’s superpower is spotting patterns humans miss, and these tools are surprisingly good at recognising rare diseases. Patients are increasingly recognising these benefits. Then there’s the problem of access. Those most in need — the sickest, poorest and most marginalised in society — are the ones most likely to be left behind. American Time Use Survey data shows patients sacrifice two hours for a 20-minute doctor’s visit. (尽管医生们在某些方面存在差异，但人工智能却表现得十分一致。人工智能的强项在于能够发现人类所忽略的模式，而且这些工具在识别罕见疾病方面表现得非常出色。患者们也越来越多地意识到了这些好处。然而，还有一个问题是可及性问题。那些最需要帮助的人——那些身体最虚弱、经济状况最差以及社会地位最边缘化的人——往往是最容易被遗忘的群体。美国时间使用调查的数据表明，病人为了短短20分钟的看诊，会牺牲掉两个小时的时间。)”可知，人工智能或许能够减少诊断的不一致性，并改善医疗服务的可及性。故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This will only work for those who can use it, of course. Internet access is improving globally, but there are still serious gaps: 2.5 billion people remain offline. (当然，这仅适用于那些能够使用互联网的人群。全球范围内互联网接入情况正在改善，但仍存在严重的差距：仍有25亿人无法上网。)”可知，作者在接下来的段落中最有可能讨论解决数字鸿沟问题的方法，该问题限制了人工智能在医疗领域的应用。故选D。 第二节 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Economists have a name for what you must give up while you wait. We call this your opportunity cost. For example, you are always queuing a long time for a concert ticket. ____16____ The advice you can find on the internet for beating the lines at the Sistine Chapel often involves going early, perhaps before the museum opens, to secure a spot toward the front of the line. ____17____ If I arrive an hour before tickets go on sale to be first in line, but the wait would be only forty minutes long if I arrived when the museum opened, I end up waiting longer, not less. Whether arriving early shortens my wait depends on when others choose to arrive, and if all tourists follow the same internet advice and arrive an hour early, the lines at opening may be the longest of the day. It is hard to predict when the wait will actually be the shortest. ____18____ Rather than going when you think the lines might be the shortest, you can go when your opportunity cost is the smallest-for example, when you have nothing (or little) better to do. ____19____ Sometimes, it increases the total amount of time you wait, though. By arriving before opening, you get your waiting out of the way when other activities are not yet open. Sure, you might give up an hour of sleep or the chance to have a leisurely breakfast. This is worthwhile if the planned activities hold greater value for you. ____20____ If you’re first in line at the museum, you can see the chapel and still enjoy a packed day visiting other sites in Rome. A. Only then is queuing up early a good choice. B. Sightseeing joy outweighs breakfast comfort easily. C. But the economist in me is not sure about this advice. D. This is why you are better off considering opportunity cost. E. Opportunity cost awareness improves personal satisfaction later. F. Thinking about opportunity cost can make arriving an hour early seem sensible. G. Your opportunity cost is the enjoyment, work, or wages you give up by waiting. 【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经济学中“机会成本”的概念，并通过排队等待的例子说明如何根据机会成本来做出更合理的决策，以最小化等待的总时间。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Economists have a name for what you must give up while you wait. We call this your opportunity cost. For example, you are always queuing a long time for a concert ticket.(经济学家对你在等待时必须放弃的东西有一个名称。我们称之为机会成本。例如，你总是要排很长时间的队才能买到音乐会门票。)”可知，前文先定义了机会成本，再用排队买票举例，空处需要具体解释这个例子里的机会成本是什么。G选项(你的机会成本就是你因等待而放弃的乐趣、工作或薪水)承接上文的例子，具体阐释机会成本的内涵，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“The advice you can find on the internet for beating the lines at the Sistine Chapel often involves going early, perhaps before the museum opens, to secure a spot toward the front of the line.(网上关于如何在西斯廷教堂避免排长队的建议通常是早点去，或许在博物馆开门前就去，以确保排在队伍前面。)”以及下文“If I arrive an hour before tickets go on sale to be first in line, but the wait would be only forty minutes long if I arrived when the museum opened, I end up waiting longer, not less.(如果我在售票前一小时到达以排在第一位，但如果我在博物馆开门时到达，只需要等四十分钟，那我最终等待的时间反而更长了。)”可知，空处需要表达对网上这条建议的质疑。C选项(但我骨子里的经济学家思维让我对这条建议存疑)承接上文的建议，引出下文对该建议不合理性的分析，符合语境。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“It is hard to predict when the wait will actually be the shortest.(很难预测什么时候排队的时间真的最短。)”以及下文“Rather than going when you think the lines might be the shortest, you can go when your opportunity cost is the smallest-for example, when you have nothing (or little) better to do.(与其在你认为队伍最短的时候去，不如在你的机会成本最小的时候去，例如，当你没有（或很少有）更好的事情要做的时候。)”可知，空处需要引出“考虑机会成本”这个解决办法。D选项(这就是为什么你最好考虑机会成本)承接上文“难以预测排队最短时间”的问题，引出下文的解决策略，符合语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“Sometimes, it increases the total amount of time you wait, though.(不过，有时这会增加你等待的总时长。)”可知，空处内容与下文构成转折关系，应该先说明考虑机会成本的好处。F选项(考虑机会成本会让提前一小时到达的做法显得合理)先肯定考虑机会成本的积极作用，再用下文的“though”转折，指出其可能存在的问题，符合语境。故选F项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“This is worthwhile if the planned activities hold greater value for you.(如果计划的活动对你来说有更大的价值，那么这就是值得的。)”以及下文“If you’re first in line at the museum, you can see the chapel and still enjoy a packed day visiting other sites in Rome.(如果你排在博物馆的第一位，你就能参观教堂，还能在罗马充实游览其他景点。)”可知，空处需要表达“提前排队是好选择”的结论。A选项(只有在这种情况下，提前排队才是个好选择)承接上文“活动有更大价值就值得”的观点，引出下文的具体例子，符合语境。故选A项。 第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was past noon on a sunny Saturday. Long-time fishing friends Bell and McDonald decided to ____21____ it a day. Since 6:30 that morning, they’d been fishing in his boat on Texas’s Lake Waxahachie. After McDonald left, ____22____, Bell heard screaming coming from the lake. He sped in his boat toward the ____23____, where he saw a girl waving an arm. She was in deep water and seemed to be holding on to a life jacket. Getting closer, he was ____24____ to see that the girl was actually grasping the foot of another girl. “My God!” thought Bell, “She’s ____25____!” Instinctively, he grabbed the arms of the girl in the deep water, trying to pull her up and into his boat. Bell was muscular, but ____26____ for she was like a dead weight. Instead, he pulled her through the water to more ____27____ place. There, he managed to get her onto the deck as her ____28____ friend grabbed on to the side of the boat. As he looked at the unconscious teenager lying on the ____29____ of his boat, he thought, She’s gone! Her lips were a ghostly blue. But Bell’s recent CPR training kicked in. Six months earlier, he had taken a first-aid course as required for his job as a ____30____. He began pumping on her chest ____31____, just as he’d been ____32____. After a while, she spit out some water. Finally, she opened her eyes. She’s____33____! He thought, watching her face transform from blue to purple to pale. Soon, she was ____34____ to the hospital and released later that day. The media branded Bell a hero. Actually, he was uncomfortable with the praise. Though the idea of being labeled a hero still felt ____35____ to Bell, and he was happy to get back to work as a truck driver. 21. A. call B. finish C. end D. start 22. A. luckily B. constantly C. unfortunately D. suddenly 23. A. island B. scene C. beach D. scenery 24. A. delighted B. excited C. shocked D. relieved 25. A. diving B. fishing C. swimming D. drowning 26. A. in secret B. in peace C. in silence D. in vain 27. A. smooth B. splendid C. shallow D. peaceful 28. A. disappointed B. panicked C. confused D. excited 29. A. deck B. grassland C. land D. pole 30. A. businessman B. truck driver C. policeman D. firefighter 31. A. constantly B. gently C. lazily D. hardly 32. A. learned B. taught C. grasped D. watched 33. A. gone B. unconscious C. back D. dying 34. A. brought B. asked C. called D. rushed 35. A. angry B. awkward C. hopeless D. astonished 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述Bell钓鱼结束时偶遇落水女孩，用急救知识成功救人并低调看待英雄称号的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是一个阳光明媚的周六，已经过了中午，Bell和McDonald决定收工回家。A. call叫，宣布；B. finish完成；C. end结束；D. start开始。根据后文“After McDonald left”可知他们决定结束钓鱼，call it a day 是固定短语，表示“收工，到此结束”。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：McDonald离开后，突然，Bell听到了湖面传来尖叫声。A. luckily幸运地；B. constantly不断地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. suddenly突然。根据下文“Bell heard screaming coming from the lake”可知，呼救声是意外出现的。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他驾船朝事发地点驶去，在那里看到一个女孩挥舞着一只手臂。A. island岛屿；B. scene现场，地点；C. beach海滩；D. scenery风景。根据后文“where he saw a girl waving an arm.”可知，Bell驾船朝事发地点驶去。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近后，他震惊地发现，这个女孩实际上正抓着另一个女孩的脚。A. delighted高兴的；B. excited兴奋的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relieved放心的。根据后文“the girl was actually grasping the foot of another girl.”可知，看到两个人溺水，情况危急，他感到震惊。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“天哪！”Bell想，“她要溺水了！”A. diving潜水；B. fishing钓鱼；C. swimming游泳；D. drowning溺水。根据后文“Instinctively, he grabbed the arms of the girl in the deep water”可知，女孩正在溺水。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：Bell肌肉发达，但徒劳无功，因为她重得根本拉不动。A. in secret秘密地；B. in peace平静地；C. in silence沉默地；D. in vain徒劳地。根据后文“for she was like a dead weight.”可知，女孩很重，拉不上来，努力是徒劳的。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是他把她拖到水更浅的地方。A. smooth平滑的；B. splendid极好的；C. shallow浅的；D. peaceful平静的。根据前文“deep water”可知，与深水区相对应的是浅水区。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他成功把她拉上船，而她惊慌失措的朋友抓住了船边。A. disappointed失望的；B. panicked惊慌的；C. confused困惑的；D. excited兴奋的。根据前文“the girl was actually grasping the foot of another girl”可知，溺水的同伴非常惊慌。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他看着躺在他船甲板上失去意识的少女时。A. deck甲板；B. grassland草地；C. land陆地；D. pole杆子。根据前文“get her onto the deck”可知，是在船的甲板上。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月前，作为卡车司机，他参加了工作要求的急救课程。A. businessman商人；B. truck driver卡车司机；C. policeman警察；D. firefighter消防员。根据后文“get back to work as a truck driver”可知，他是卡车司机。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他开始持续按压她的胸口，就像他被教的那样。A. constantly持续地；B. gently轻轻地；C. lazily懒惰地；D. hardly几乎不。根据常识可知，急救时胸外按压需要持续进行。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始持续按压她的胸口，就像他被教的那样。A. learned学习；B. taught教授；C. grasped抓住；D. watched观看。根据前文“Six months earlier, he had taken a first-aid course as required for his job”可知，他上过急救课，是被老师教过如何操作。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她醒过来了。A. gone离去的；B. unconscious无意识的；C. back回来，恢复知觉；D. dying垂死的。根据前文“After a while, she spit out some water. Finally, she opened her eyes.”可知，女孩吐水睁眼，说明苏醒了，恢复了知觉。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，她被紧急送往医院，当天晚些时候就出院了。A. brought带来；B. asked询问；C. called呼叫；D. rushed紧急送往。情况紧急，应该火速送医院治疗。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管被称作英雄对Bell来说仍然感觉很别扭，但他很高兴回到卡车司机的工作岗位。A. angry生气的；B. awkward别扭的，尴尬的；C. hopeless无望的；D. astonished惊讶的。根据前文“he was uncomfortable with the praise”可知，他不适应被称赞，感觉别扭。故选B项。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Construction worker Liu, seated inside train K4069, felt a rush of excitement as the platform clock at Beijing West Railway Station struck 12:40 am ____36____ the whistle blew on cue. He was ____37____ board the first passenger train to depart from the Chinese capital as part of the Spring Festival travel rush, or chunyun, which started on Monday. “I’ve been busy all year, and now I can finally visit home,” Liu said. “Knowing that this is the first train to depart from Beijing during chunyun makes my journey ____38____ (thrill).” The ____39____ (pack) K4069, a temporary train service added for the holiday season to link Beijing with Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi province, ____40____ (mirror) the sheer scale of passenger movement by rail, road, air and sea on the first day of the 40-day travel rush, ____41____ will continue till March 13. According to data collected by the Ministry of Transport, China recorded ____42____ estimated 188 million cross-regional trips on Monday, up 13 percent year-on-year. While the railways handled about 12 million trips, civil aviation authorities recorded ____43____ (rough) 2.19 million. The traffic was heavier on highways, as many Chinese people prefer to drive home or to holiday destinations to mark Chinese New Year, which falls on Feb 17 this year. The Spring Festival travel rush in China is the world’s largest recurring movement of people. This year, the overall scale and the daily peaks are both expected to surpass previous records. Official ____44____ (estimate) suggest that chunyun will generate a record 9.5 billion cross-regional trips, with rail journeys expected ____45____ (total) about 540 million and air travel about 95 million. As the public holiday period runs from Feb 15 to 23, the concentration of trips is likely to be higher during these days. 【答案】36. and 37. on 38. thrilling 39. packed 40. mirrored 41. which 42. an 43. roughly 44. estimates 45. to total 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章以春运首日从北京发出的首趟临时列车K4069为切入点，通过建筑工人刘先生的个人体验和官方数据，生动展现了今年春运的庞大规模、主要出行方式及预测情况，反映了中国这一周期性大规模人口流动现象。 【36题详解】 考查连词。句意：建筑工人刘师傅坐在K4069次列车内，当北京西站站台的时钟敲响凌晨12点40分、汽笛准时鸣响时，他心中涌起一阵激动。分析句子结构可知，这里应用并列连词and，连接两个同时发生的动作。故填and。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：作为周一拉开帷幕的春运的一部分，他正在乘坐从中国首都北京发出的首趟春运客运列车。这里为固定搭配on board，表示“在火车/船/飞机上，上车”，符合句意。故填on。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：得知这是春运期间从北京发出的首趟列车，让我的旅途令人激动不已。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作宾补，thrilling，表示“令人激动的”，符合句意。故填thrilling。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为春运假期加开的北京至江西南昌的临时列车K4069次拥挤不堪，这一景象折射出这场为期40天的春运首日，铁路、公路、航空及水路客运量的庞大规模。本次春运将持续至3月13日。空处修饰K4069作定语，空处K4069之间是被动关系，应用过去分词packed，表示“被挤满的”。故填packed。 【40题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：为春运假期加开的北京至江西南昌的临时列车K4069次拥挤不堪，这一景象折射出这场为期40天的春运首日，铁路、公路、航空及水路客运量的庞大规模。本次春运将持续至3月13日。这里应填谓语动词， K4069与mirror为主动关系，句子描述过去发生的事实，应用一般过去时。故填mirrored。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：为春运假期加开的北京至江西南昌的临时列车K4069次拥挤不堪，这一景象折射出这场为期40天的春运首日，铁路、公路、航空及水路客运量的庞大规模。本次春运将持续至3月13日。这里为非限制性定语从句，先行词chunyun，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：据交通运输部数据显示，周一全国跨区域出行量约预计达1.88亿人次，同比增长 13%。这里考查固定搭配an estimate+数字，表示“预计……”，estimated以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：铁路发送旅客约1200万人次，民航部门运送旅客约大约219万人次。分析句子结构可知，这里应填roughly，为副词，意为“大约、大致”，修饰数词2.19 million，符合语境。故填roughly。 【44题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：官方预估显示，今年春运跨区域出行总量将达到创纪录的95亿人次，其中铁路出行预计总计约5.4亿人次，航空出行约9500万人次。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为suggest，主语应用复数形式estimates。故填estimates。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：官方预估显示，今年春运跨区域出行总量将达到创纪录的95亿人次，其中铁路出行预计总计约5.4亿人次，航空出行约9500万人次。这里为固定搭配be expected to do sth.，表示“预计做某事”，所以应填不定式。故填to total。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校外教 Chris计划组织一次“校园服务日 the School Service Day”活动，正在征集方案。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： (1) 你建议的具体活动安排； (2) 说明你的理由。 注意：(1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Chris, I am writing to propose a plan for the School Service Day, focusing on creating a “Reading Corner Revitalization” project. My suggestion involves organizing student teams to clean, categorize, and redecorate a designated area in our school library. The rationale for this proposal is twofold. Firstly, it is a safe and manageable task that allows for clear division of labor. More significantly, beyond enhancing our learning environment, this hands-on activity cultivates organizational skills and fosters a shared sense of ownership and care for public resources. Thank you for considering my idea. I am eager to contribute to its implementation. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Chris写一封邮件，说明你建议的具体活动安排以及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 专注于：focus on→concentrate on 可控制的：manageable→controllable 加强：enhance→strengthen 考虑：consider→take…into account 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to propose a plan for the School Service Day, focusing on creating a “Reading Corner Revitalization” project. 拓展句：I am writing to propose a plan for the School Service Day, which focuses on creating a “Reading Corner Revitalization” project. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to propose a plan for the School Service Day, focusing on creating a “Reading Corner Revitalization” project.（运用了现在分词短语作定语） 【高分句型2】 Firstly, it is a safe and manageable task that allows for clear division of labor. （运用了that引导定语从句） 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “And that’s why I think I’d be good for this job,” I finished typing, and then I smiled before remembering that my potential employer could not see me. We were talking online, via social media. We had not met in person yet. But from what I had read of her requirements for a personal assistant, I knew I wanted the position. She even had a little dog who had the final say on any applicants. “Your puppy sounds so cute,” I added. “I love dogs.” Then, I started to worry that typing that was too much at this early stage and moved my fingers away from the keys, stopping myself from adding anything more. The bubbles appeared on screen, showing that the lady was typing something in response, when there was an urgent knock at the front door. I heard my neighbor’s call. She sounded upset. I hurried downstairs, answered the door and asked, “What’s going on?” My neighbour clutched (紧紧抓住) her little dog. Tears were streaming down her cheeks. “We were attacked,” she wept. “Big dog. It bit Marley.” Marley was quiet in her arms but alert. Thankfully, there was not much blood. “Are you okay? ” I asked. She nodded shakily. “Yes. It didn’t go for me. But Marley is hurt.” “Okay. Then let’s take Marley to the vet’s.” I took the stairs two at a time. I was supposed to be in the middle of an interview. There was more writing from my potential employer on the screen, but I took no time to read it. I quickly wrote: “So sorry. Have to go. Neighbour’s dog hurt, taking to vet’s.” I clicked send and did not wait for an answer, just snatched my bag and ran back downstairs. The trip to the veterinary hospital was quiet. My neighbour silently wept in the front passenger seat while I drove and tried to comfort Marley. He made no noise, just quietly shivering (颤抖), and looked at me with his hopeless, black eyes. A broken front leg was the diagnosis (诊断). And shock. After some treatment, it was determined that Marley was well enough to take home. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 It was midnight when we got back. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But, as I scrolled (滚动) through the messages, I could see she was still online. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 It was midnight when we got back. I helped my neighbor settle Marley on a soft cushion, fetching warm water and the vet’s medication. Her eyes brimmed with gratitude as she thanked me repeatedly, her voice still shaky from the day’s panic. Exhausted, I trudged back home, my mind racing with worry about the abandoned interview. Would the employer think I was irresponsible? I hesitated before opening the chat, dreading the worst — maybe a cold rejection or no reply at all. But, as I scrolled through the messages, I could see she was still online. My heart sank as I clicked the chat box, only to gasp at her words: “Your kindness to Marley says more than any interview. A personal assistant needs empathy above all, and you’ve proven that.” She added a photo of her own puppy, asking how Marley was faring. Overjoyed, I shared updates about the little dog, and we soon restarted the interview. By dawn, I’d landed the job — proof that doing the right thing, even when it’s unplanned, always pays off. 【解析】 【导语】本文以一场中途中断的求职面试与一次紧急救助为线索展开，讲述了作者在应聘私人助理的线上面试中，因邻居的小狗被咬伤而紧急中断面试送医，深夜归家后忐忑不安地查看雇主消息，却意外因自身的善良与同理心获得雇主认可，最终成功入职的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我们回来时已是午夜。”可知，第一段可描写作者深夜送邻居和小狗回家后的安置工作、邻居的感激之情，以及作者回到家后对中断面试的担忧与忐忑，为下文查看消息做铺垫。 ②由第二段首句内容“但是，当我滚动查看消息时，能看到她仍然在线。”可知，第二段可描写作者查看消息时的紧张心理、雇主对其善举的认可与赞赏，双方后续的沟通与面试重启，以及作者最终成功获得工作的结局，点明“善良自有回报”的主题。 2. 续写线索：深夜安置——邻居道谢——担忧面试——查看消息——意外认可——沟通重启——成功入职——领悟真谛 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①帮助：help/assist/aid ②重启；继续：restart/resume ③查看；浏览：scroll through/browse/check 情绪类 ①感激：gratitude/appreciation/thankfulness ②万分高兴的：overjoyed/delighted/thrilled 【点睛】【高分句型1】Her eyes brimmed with gratitude as she thanked me repeatedly, her voice still shaky from the day’s panic. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句以及独立主格结构) 【高分句型2】She added a photo of her own puppy, asking how Marley was faring. (运用了现在分词asking作状语和how引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衡阳市八中2026年高考适应性练习卷 (二) 英语 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What will Ben do at lunchtime? A. Attend a meeting. B. Play chess. C. Practice singing. 2. What does Alfie like about his new school? A. The location. B. The school trips. C. The dressing rule. 3. How did the woman learn to make the chocolate cake? A. From a cake shop. B. From online videos. C. From a family member’s notes. 4. What are the speakers doing? A. Climbing a tree. B. Appreciating an artwork. C. Watching birds in nature. 5. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Ask for more time. B. Focus on the main goal. C. Double-check all the details. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where are the speakers probably? A. In a park. B. In a supermarket. C. In a cinema. 7. What does the woman decide to do? A. Try to repair the step. B. Put up a warning sign. C. Report the broken equipment. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Brother and sister. B. Exercise partners. C. Neighbors. 9. What change does Paul notice in Debbie? A. She looks tired. B. She has lost weight. C. She dresses differently. 10. What type of exercise does Paul probably prefer? A. Swimming. B. Running. C. Weightlifting. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What did the man think of his museum trip at first? A. It was worth expecting. B. It was a bit scary. C. It was boring. 12. Which part did the man enjoy most? A. The touch tables. B. The virtual tour. C. The moving dinosaurs. 13. How long can the man use the VR system per week at school? A. 30 minutes. B. 60 minutes. C. 90 minutes. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Lena’s stress from work. B. Lena’s marketing skills. C. Lena’s volunteer job. 15. What is Lena’s new duty? A. Serving meals. B. Sorting donations. C. Organizing a fund-raising event. 16. How does Lena feel about her new role? A. She feels excited and honored. B. She thinks it’s too challenging. C. She finds it helps her kill time. 17. What does Alan offer to do for Lena? A. Help promote the event. B. Donate money. C. Volunteer regularly. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. Where did the fire start? A. In a city hospital. B. In a chemical factory. C. In a park. 19. Which emergency service does Captain Burnham work for? A. The fire service. B. The police service. C. The ambulance service. 20. What should people living near the park do? A. Help the injured. B. Leave their homes at once. C. Stay inside and shut windows and doors. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Understanding China requires exploring its ancient capitals, the lifeblood of its civilization. These cities, where empires rose and fell and cultures intertwined, shaped China’s enduring identity. Xi’an: The Eternal Capital Xi’an, historically known as Chang’an, served as the capital for thirteen dynasties, including the Qin, Western Han, and Tang. As the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, Xi’an blossomed into one of the world’s first truly metropolitan cities. It safeguards the world-renowned Terracotta Army and the well-preserved Ming Dynasty city wall, earning Xi’an the title of a “Living History Museum.” Luoyang: The Sacred Center Luoyang, also hosting thirteen dynasties, is revered as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. It flourished as the capital during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, and notably under Empress Wu Zetian, China’s only female emperor. Its profound spiritual significance is carved into the Longmen Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The White Horse Temple, traditionally recognized as China’s first Buddhist temple, marks the arrival of Buddhism into Chinese culture. Nanjing: The Southern Capital of Resilience Nanjing, meaning “ Southern Capital,” served as the seat of power for ten dynasties, including the early Ming and the Republic of China. Its strategic location made it a recurring choice for establishing regional dominance. The city’s history is a poignant narrative of glory, destruction, and rebirth, embodying the cyclical patterns of Chinese history. Landmarks like the grand Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the colossal Ming Dynasty city wall, and the solemn memorials to its tragic past collectively narrate the story of this resilient “City of Memories.” Beijing: The Imperial Capital Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, has served as China’s political heart for over 850 years, a role it continues to fulfill today. It is the definite imperial city, home to the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex, the Forbidden City. The majestic layouts of the Temple of Heaven and the ethereal beauty of the Summer Palace, alongside the imposing Great Wall nearby, reflect the enduring “Mandate of Heaven” philosophy. Evolving from a northern frontier town into a sprawling metropolis, Beijing seamlessly blends ancient imperial grandeur with vibrant modernity. 1. What do the four ancient capitals mentioned in the text have in common? A. They all served as capitals during the Tang Dynasty. B. They are all home to UNESCO World Heritage sites. C. They all have well-preserved ancient city walls. D. They all served as political centers for multiple dynasties. 2. What is special about Nanjing according to the text? A. It was once the eastern starting point of the Silk Road. B. It is known as the spiritual heartland of Chinese civilization. C. Its history reflects a pattern of destruction and reconstruction. D. It has the world’s largest and best-preserved palace complex. 3. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A personal travel journal. B. A historical research paper. C. A cultural tourism website. D. A modern city planning report. B Fabian Mdluli grew up in Acornhoek, a rural town that borders Greater Kruger National Park. The park, home to lions, elephants, rhinos, and over 147 animal species, draws nearly two million visitors yearly. Like many young people living near one of South Africa’s 1,690 protected areas, however, 23-year-old Mdluli had never seen the country’s wildlife in person. Last year, Fabian Mdluli became the first fully sponsored student in an initiative by Too Wild Productions to train South Africa’s next generation of wildlife filmmakers. Founded by zoologist-turned TV presenter Lauren Arthur and filmmakers David Eastaugh, the program provides hands-on experience in the wild. During the four-week course in Timbavati Private Nature Reserve (53,000 hectares, western Kruger), students develop technical skills while learning ethical storytelling to drive positive change. Mdluli describes it as transformational. “It helped me discover my passion — editing. It’s all about constructing the story.” While Africa is a primary setting for many internationally acclaimed (受到称赞的) wildlife films, African voices remain scanty behind the camera. A 2022 report revealed that while 25% of film award submissions featured African wildlife, only 7% were actually made in Africa by Africans. A recent UNESCO report confirmed that the film and audiovisual sector in Africa generated just 20 billion. At the same time, youth unemployment stands at more than 65% in rural communities within the Greater Kruger area, where poverty and unemployment are driving factors behind environmental challenges such as human-wildlife conflict. “We’ve seen these challenges with our own eyes and, while we don’t think we can solve these problems alone, we want to ensure those who live closest to these ecosystems have the tools, knowledge and opportunity to tell their own stories,” says Arthur. While Mdluli has joined Too Wild as a junior editor, he’s eager to take on new opportunities in the industry. Arthur says they’ ll support him, as well as their current sponsored students, as much as they can. “Our biggest goal is to have production companies coming to us asking, ‘Hey, who are your local filmmakers? We want to hire them,’” says Arthur. 4. What can we know about young people near the protected areas? A. They benefit from wildlife tourism. B. They all receive filmmaking training. C. They can visit national parks regularly. D. They have little contact with wildlife. 5. What is the feature of Too Wild Productions? A. It offers degree certificates. B. It provides practical field training. C. It focuses on studio production. D. It admits international filmmakers. 6. What does the underlined word “scanty” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Active. B. Weak. C. Confident. D. Unique. 7. What is Arthur’s main expectation for the initiative? A. To build a lasting local talent pool. B. To produce popular wildlife films. C. To encourage youths to work independently. D. To arouse youths’ interest in the film industry. C Most of us were raised to think that smart people always know the right answers. From gold stars in school to performance reviews in the office, we’re rewarded for certainty. Yet as Bidhan Parmar, professor at the UVA Darden School of Business, argues in his new book, Radical Doubt, “Certainty somehow blinds us. The only thing that spoon-feeding teaches us is the shape of a spoon”. His point is unsettling: The very habits we rely on to feel smart — rushing toward the final goals, simplifying complex problems, sugar-coating our initial reactions — are the ones that keep us from making wise choices. The hardest problems we face in life, whether in careers, relationships, or society, rarely come with single right answers. They’re what Parmar calls “moments of unease”: multi-criteria choices that involve competing goals, high risks, and deep uncertainty. The old playbook of being a “right-answer getter” not only fails here, but backfires. As Parmar explains, “We often treat complex problems like simple ones until we are faced with the reality.” Our personal and professional environments are more uncertain than ever. Technology evolves faster than regulation, workplaces are more diverse, and social standards are shifting. I’ve watched firsthand that seasoned leaders ignore warning signs because they were addicted to “feeling right.” They simplified the situation when they should have paused or explored, and missed the opportunity that doubt was pointing them toward. Our brains run on interconnected systems: the Pursue system (seek rewards), the Protect system (avoid threats), and the Pause-and-Piece-Together system (engage doubt and reframe). Prior evidence-based studies report that most of us let the first two dominate, charging ahead or withdrawing in fear. Grounded in behavioral science, the wiser move is to take enough time to notice complexity, question assumptions, and treat our intuition (直觉) not as the only decision but as an alternative. In practice, this means holding competing goals side by side, and learning to say not “I know,” but “I’m learning.” 8. What is implied by mentioning the spoon-feeding? A. Certainty might ruin decision-making. B. Average people can learn few facts. C. Smart habits secure positive outcomes. D. Simple tools secretly boost creativity. 9. Which might be a “moment of unease”? A. Profiting from stable investments with spare funds. B. Trying to find a job overseas when a parent falls ill. C. Treating difficult problems with one’s first intuition. D. Continuing to develop in one’s familiar research field. 10. What can make leaders fail according to the author? A. Shifting standards. B. Lacking experience. C. Ignoring principles. D. Overlooking doubts. 11. What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A. Intuition types and brain functions. B. Initial doubts and competing goals. C. Brain systems and connection forms. D. Scientific theories and workable tips. D We expect our doctors to be demi gods — faultless, tireless, always right. But they are only human. Increasingly, they are stretched thin, working long hours, under enormous pressure, and often with limited resources. Of course, better conditions would help, including more staff and improved systems. But even in the best funded clinics with the most committed professionals, standards can still fall short. Despite years of training, human brains are not optimally equipped for the pace, pressure, and complexity of modern healthcare. Given that patient care is medicine’s core purpose, the question is who, or what, is best placed to deliver it? AI may still raise doubts, but research increasingly shows how it could help fix some of the most persistent problems and overlooked failures — from misdiagnosis and error to unequal access to care. Modern medicine prides itself on being scientific, yet doctors don’t always practise what the evidence recommends. Studies show that evidence-based treatments are offered only about half the time to adults in the US. Doctors can also disagree about diagnoses. In a study of more than 12,000 radiology images, reviewers offering second opinions disagreed with the original assessment in about one in three cases. As alarming as this is, there are understandable reasons for these failures — and viewed from another angle, it’s remarkable that doctors get it right as often as they do. Medical knowledge also moves faster than doctors can keep up. By graduation, half of what medical students learn is already outdated. It takes an average of 17 years for research to reach clinical practice, and with a new biomedical article published every 39 seconds, even skimming the abstracts would take about 22 hours a day. There are more than 7,000 rare diseases, with 250 more identified each year. In contrast, AI processes vast amounts of medical data at lightning speed, 24/7. Where doctors vary in unwanted ways, AI is consistent. AI’s superpower is spotting patterns humans miss, and these tools are surprisingly good at recognising rare diseases. Patients are increasingly recognising these benefits. Then there’s the problem of access. Those most in need — the sickest, poorest and most marginalised in society — are the ones most likely to be left behind. American Time Use Survey data shows patients sacrifice two hours for a 20-minute doctor’s visit. This will only work for those who can use it, of course. Internet access is improving globally, but there are still serious gaps: 2.5 billion people remain offline. 12. Why does the author begin by describing doctors as “demi gods”? A. To stress the unrealistic expectations people have of doctors. B. To show that doctors are usually trained to be perfect. C. To criticize medical schools for poor training. D. To highlight doctors’ higher social status. 13. What problem does the author highlight with current medical practice? A. Most doctors do not believe in scientific methods. B. Doctors usually misinterpret biomedical research articles. C. Doctors often fail to apply evidence-based treatments consistently. D. Medical students are unwilling to learn updated medical knowledge. 14. What can be inferred about AI’s role in healthcare? A. AI is especially useful for detecting common diseases. B. AI could completely replace doctors in medical services. C. AI has already solved the problem of global internet access. D. AI may reduce inconsistency in diagnosis and improve access. 15. What is the author most likely to discuss in the following paragraph? A. The history of artificial intelligence in medicine. B. More examples of patients rejecting AI technology. C. Evidence that AI is less accurate than human doctors. D. Solutions to the digital divide that limits AI healthcare. 第二节 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Economists have a name for what you must give up while you wait. We call this your opportunity cost. For example, you are always queuing a long time for a concert ticket. ____16____ The advice you can find on the internet for beating the lines at the Sistine Chapel often involves going early, perhaps before the museum opens, to secure a spot toward the front of the line. ____17____ If I arrive an hour before tickets go on sale to be first in line, but the wait would be only forty minutes long if I arrived when the museum opened, I end up waiting longer, not less. Whether arriving early shortens my wait depends on when others choose to arrive, and if all tourists follow the same internet advice and arrive an hour early, the lines at opening may be the longest of the day. It is hard to predict when the wait will actually be the shortest. ____18____ Rather than going when you think the lines might be the shortest, you can go when your opportunity cost is the smallest-for example, when you have nothing (or little) better to do. ____19____ Sometimes, it increases the total amount of time you wait, though. By arriving before opening, you get your waiting out of the way when other activities are not yet open. Sure, you might give up an hour of sleep or the chance to have a leisurely breakfast. This is worthwhile if the planned activities hold greater value for you. ____20____ If you’re first in line at the museum, you can see the chapel and still enjoy a packed day visiting other sites in Rome. A. Only then is queuing up early a good choice. B. Sightseeing joy outweighs breakfast comfort easily. C. But the economist in me is not sure about this advice. D. This is why you are better off considering opportunity cost. E. Opportunity cost awareness improves personal satisfaction later. F. Thinking about opportunity cost can make arriving an hour early seem sensible. G. Your opportunity cost is the enjoyment, work, or wages you give up by waiting. 第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was past noon on a sunny Saturday. Long-time fishing friends Bell and McDonald decided to ____21____ it a day. Since 6:30 that morning, they’d been fishing in his boat on Texas’s Lake Waxahachie. After McDonald left, ____22____, Bell heard screaming coming from the lake. He sped in his boat toward the ____23____, where he saw a girl waving an arm. She was in deep water and seemed to be holding on to a life jacket. Getting closer, he was ____24____ to see that the girl was actually grasping the foot of another girl. “My God!” thought Bell, “She’s ____25____!” Instinctively, he grabbed the arms of the girl in the deep water, trying to pull her up and into his boat. Bell was muscular, but ____26____ for she was like a dead weight. Instead, he pulled her through the water to more ____27____ place. There, he managed to get her onto the deck as her ____28____ friend grabbed on to the side of the boat. As he looked at the unconscious teenager lying on the ____29____ of his boat, he thought, She’s gone! Her lips were a ghostly blue. But Bell’s recent CPR training kicked in. Six months earlier, he had taken a first-aid course as required for his job as a ____30____. He began pumping on her chest ____31____, just as he’d been ____32____. After a while, she spit out some water. Finally, she opened her eyes. She’s____33____! He thought, watching her face transform from blue to purple to pale. Soon, she was ____34____ to the hospital and released later that day. The media branded Bell a hero. Actually, he was uncomfortable with the praise. Though the idea of being labeled a hero still felt ____35____ to Bell, and he was happy to get back to work as a truck driver. 21. A. call B. finish C. end D. start 22. A. luckily B. constantly C. unfortunately D. suddenly 23. A. island B. scene C. beach D. scenery 24. A. delighted B. excited C. shocked D. relieved 25. A. diving B. fishing C. swimming D. drowning 26. A. in secret B. in peace C. in silence D. in vain 27. A. smooth B. splendid C. shallow D. peaceful 28. A. disappointed B. panicked C. confused D. excited 29. A. deck B. grassland C. land D. pole 30. A. businessman B. truck driver C. policeman D. firefighter 31. A. constantly B. gently C. lazily D. hardly 32. A. learned B. taught C. grasped D. watched 33. A. gone B. unconscious C. back D. dying 34. A. brought B. asked C. called D. rushed 35. A. angry B. awkward C. hopeless D. astonished 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Construction worker Liu, seated inside train K4069, felt a rush of excitement as the platform clock at Beijing West Railway Station struck 12:40 am ____36____ the whistle blew on cue. He was ____37____ board the first passenger train to depart from the Chinese capital as part of the Spring Festival travel rush, or chunyun, which started on Monday. “I’ve been busy all year, and now I can finally visit home,” Liu said. “Knowing that this is the first train to depart from Beijing during chunyun makes my journey ____38____ (thrill).” The ____39____ (pack) K4069, a temporary train service added for the holiday season to link Beijing with Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi province, ____40____ (mirror) the sheer scale of passenger movement by rail, road, air and sea on the first day of the 40-day travel rush, ____41____ will continue till March 13. According to data collected by the Ministry of Transport, China recorded ____42____ estimated 188 million cross-regional trips on Monday, up 13 percent year-on-year. While the railways handled about 12 million trips, civil aviation authorities recorded ____43____ (rough) 2.19 million. The traffic was heavier on highways, as many Chinese people prefer to drive home or to holiday destinations to mark Chinese New Year, which falls on Feb 17 this year. The Spring Festival travel rush in China is the world’s largest recurring movement of people. This year, the overall scale and the daily peaks are both expected to surpass previous records. Official ____44____ (estimate) suggest that chunyun will generate a record 9.5 billion cross-regional trips, with rail journeys expected ____45____ (total) about 540 million and air travel about 95 million. As the public holiday period runs from Feb 15 to 23, the concentration of trips is likely to be higher during these days. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校外教 Chris计划组织一次“校园服务日 the School Service Day”活动，正在征集方案。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： (1) 你建议的具体活动安排； (2) 说明你的理由。 注意：(1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “And that’s why I think I’d be good for this job,” I finished typing, and then I smiled before remembering that my potential employer could not see me. We were talking online, via social media. We had not met in person yet. But from what I had read of her requirements for a personal assistant, I knew I wanted the position. She even had a little dog who had the final say on any applicants. “Your puppy sounds so cute,” I added. “I love dogs.” Then, I started to worry that typing that was too much at this early stage and moved my fingers away from the keys, stopping myself from adding anything more. The bubbles appeared on screen, showing that the lady was typing something in response, when there was an urgent knock at the front door. I heard my neighbor’s call. She sounded upset. I hurried downstairs, answered the door and asked, “What’s going on?” My neighbour clutched (紧紧抓住) her little dog. Tears were streaming down her cheeks. “We were attacked,” she wept. “Big dog. It bit Marley.” Marley was quiet in her arms but alert. Thankfully, there was not much blood. “Are you okay? ” I asked. She nodded shakily. “Yes. It didn’t go for me. But Marley is hurt.” “Okay. Then let’s take Marley to the vet’s.” I took the stairs two at a time. I was supposed to be in the middle of an interview. There was more writing from my potential employer on the screen, but I took no time to read it. I quickly wrote: “So sorry. Have to go. Neighbour’s dog hurt, taking to vet’s.” I clicked send and did not wait for an answer, just snatched my bag and ran back downstairs. The trip to the veterinary hospital was quiet. My neighbour silently wept in the front passenger seat while I drove and tried to comfort Marley. He made no noise, just quietly shivering (颤抖), and looked at me with his hopeless, black eyes. A broken front leg was the diagnosis (诊断). And shock. After some treatment, it was determined that Marley was well enough to take home. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 It was midnight when we got back. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But, as I scrolled (滚动) through the messages, I could see she was still online. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $