Unit 5 Animal friends单词、语法、知识点讲解 2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过表格、对比辨析等工具系统梳理单词、语法及句子知识，将46个核心词汇按“词义-用法-拓展”分层讲解，用对比表格归纳易混词（如lonely/alone），语法模块以“形容词功能-情态动词用法”为框架，结合例句构建知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于“语境化+分层”练习设计，如“taste多词性语境串记”“形容词作表语/定语辨析题”，通过“基础填空-语法选择-句子翻译”三级练习培养语言运用能力，结合“易错点提醒”（如forget to do/doing辨析）提升思维品质。讲义支持学生自主复习，教师可据此实施分层教学，精准突破重难点。

Unit 5 Animal friends单词、语法、知识点讲解 一、单词精讲 1. bat /bæt/ n. 蝙蝠 2. butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n. 蝴蝶 3. ant /ænt/ n. 蚂蚁 4. wing /wɪŋ/ n. 翅膀，翼 5. taste /teɪst/ vt. 尝，品；吃，喝 They taste things with their feet. taste作感官类系动词，意为“尝起来；有…味道”后常接形容词作表语。 The fish soup tastes really good. 作名词，意为“品尝；味道，滋味” The medicine has a sweet taste. 作名词，意为“鉴赏力；欣赏力” He has very good taste in clothes. 【语境串记】 The cook tastes（v.尝） the soup. Wow! It tastes（v.尝起来） delicious. It has a good taste（n.味道）. 【练一练】 1. The pizza tastes very ________. A. badly B. best C. hungry D. good 2. Fast food (品尝) very good, but it is bad for our health. 6. awake /əˈweɪk/ adj. 醒着 7. insect /ˈɪnsekt/ n. 昆虫 They are awake at night and can eat up to 1,200 insects in an hour. 它们在晚上醒着，一小时内可以吃掉多达1200只昆虫。 ①awake作形容词，可作表语或宾语补足语，不可位于名词前作定语。 stay/keep awake 保持清醒 She was awake all night. （作表语） To keep themselves awake, they sat on the floor and told each other stories. （作宾语补足语） wake作动词，意为“醒；唤醒”，wake up意为“醒来；唤醒” ②up to意为“达到（某数量、程度等），至多有”，后常跟数词。 up to standard 达到标准 live up to 活到…（岁） There are up to forty people in the park. 【拓展】be up to sb.是…的职责；由…决定 —Mom, which club should I choose, the art club or the science club？ —It’s up to you. Just follow your heart. 【练一练】 1.The hall is so well-designed that it can hold ________ 12,500 visitors. A．next to B．up to C．as well D．on to 2.To finish the article on time, she drank some coffee to stay ________ (醒着的). 3. Bill was still ________ (wake) when his mother came back home at 11 o’clock last night. 4. Your uncle is sleeping. You’d better________. A．not to wake him up B．not wake him up C．not wake up him D．not to wake up him 8. lift /lɪft/ vt. 举起 9. times /taɪmz/ n. [pl.] 倍 10. weight /weɪt/ n. 重量 They can lift things 50 times their own weight. 他们能举起自己体重50倍的东西。 ①lift的其他用法： 作可数名词，意为“电梯” take the lift乘电梯 作可数名词，意为“搭便车” give sb. a lift让某人搭便车 ②weigh作动词，意为“有…重；称重量” the weight of …的重量 lose weight 减肥 put on/gain weight体重增加 【拓展】对重量提问 What’s the weight of...? How heavy is/are...? How much do/does...weigh? 这头小猪有多重？ ______________________________=______________________________=______________________________ The baby elephant ________________________.这头小象重230磅。 【练一练】 1．The little dog (weight) about 5 pounds. 2．—Do you know the (weigh) of the bag? —It’s 24 kilograms. 3．In your dreams! Can you lose (重量) by having cakes every day? 4．A baby panda only (重量) about 500g at birth. 5．—Can you (举起) the heavy bag with only one hand? —No, I can’t. 6．My daughter weighed only 2 kilograms when she was born. （对划线部分提问） your daughter when she was born? 7．How much does a goldfish weigh? (改为同义句) a goldfish? 11. hole /həʊl/ n. 孔，洞 They take in air through the holes on both sides of their body. 它们通过身体两侧的孔吸入空气。 take in 意为“吸收；收留，收养；欺骗” 【拓展】跟take 有关的短语 take apart 拆开；拆卸 take up 占据（时间、空间等），开始从事 take away拿走；带走 take down 写下；记下 take off 脱下；起飞 take on 承担；呈现 12. worker /ˈwɜːkə(r)/ n. 工蜂；工人 work既可作动词，也可作名词，意为“工作” work hard努力工作 hard work艰难的工作 13. gram /ɡræm/ n. 克 14. honey /ˈhʌni/ n. 蜂蜜 Each of them makes less than one gram of honey in its life. 它们每只一生只酿不到一克蜂蜜。 less 是little 的比较级，常用来修饰不可数名词。可数名词一般用few的比较级fewer来修饰。 less time 少一些的时间 fewer books少一些的书 【辨析】less than & more than ①less than 意为“少于，不到”, 用于数量、时间、金钱、距离等的比较，后面可以接可数名词。 less than one kilometer 不到一英里； less than 50 people 少于50人 ②more than 多于，超过 There are more than ten clubs in our school. 我们学校有十多个社团。 15. snail /sneɪl/ n. 蜗牛 16. trick /trɪk/ n. 把戏 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人 trick or treat不给糖就捣蛋 17. stick /stɪk/ n. 枝条 And loves to collect sticks. stick还可作动词，其过去式为stuck，用法如下： 【练一练】 1. Suzy cut out a picture of colourful flowers and ________ (stick) it on the card. 2. The old man needs a__________(棍子) to help him walk. 18. bite /baɪt/ vi. & vt. 咬（过去式bit） 19. fight /faɪt/ n. 打架 And doesn’t like fights. fight的过去式为fought，fighter作名词，意为“战士，战斗机” have a fight（名词 ）with sb. = fight（动词）with sb. 与某人打架 【练一练】 1. The mother worries about her son. He often ________ (打架) with others. 2. It was worth ________ (fight) till the last minute, and finally we won the game. 3.The father is always a real ________ (fight) in the little kid’s heart. 4.The soldiers  ________ (fight) against the enemies bravely for their country. 20. look after 照料 care for照料 And I’ll look after him till the end. 我会照顾他一直到最后。 ①look after = take care of look 的相关短语还有: ② till the end 意为“直到最后，一直”= all the time。 till既可作介词，也可作连词，意为“到…时;直到…为止”，与until意思相近，可引导时间状语从句，用于肯定句，主句动词用延续性动词；用于否定句，主句动词用非延续性动词。 I’m right here watching till/until you come back. not...till/until...意为“直到…才…” We didn’t leave until late afternoon. ③end作名词，意为“结束，终止” in the end“最后，终于”= at last = finally。 at the end of “在…末尾”。 【练一练】 1. 我的妈妈不在家，所以我需要照顾我的妹妹。 My mother isn’t at home, so I need to _______ _______ my sister. 2. The robots can ________ the people under the buildings and can also ________ the sick people. A．look after; look at B．look out; look into C．look for; take care of D．look at; look after 21. fur /fɜː(r)/ n.（动物的）软毛；毛皮 22.forget /fəˈɡet/ vt. & vi. 忘记做；遗忘 But never forgets to come back to me. 却从未忘记回到我身边。 forget 的过去式是forgot，forgetful作形容词，意为“健忘的” 【辨析】forget to do sth. & forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（还没做） Don’t forget to call me. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做过） He forgot locking the door. 23. lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的 alone /əˈləʊn/ adv. & adj. 独自；单独 When I’m lonely, she’s always there. 当我孤独的时候，她总是在我身边。 辨析 lonely与alone lonely 形容词 “孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。 “荒凉的；偏僻的”，只用于名词前作定语。 alone 副词 “独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。 强调独自一人的客观情况,不含感情色彩。 形容词 “独处的；独自的”，常用作表语。 【练一练】 1．The old man lives in a ________ town. He lives ________, but he doesn’t feel ________. A．lonely, lonely, alone B．lonely, alone, lonely C．alone, alone, lonely D．alone, alone, alone 2．—Don’t leave me _______ in this _______ village. That will make me very ______! —OK, I will stay with you. A．alone；lonely；lonely B．alone；alone；lonely C．lonely；alone；lonely D．lonely；lonely；alone 3．As he lived ________ on the ________ island, he felt ________ . A．alone; alone; lonely B．alone; lonely; lonely C．lonely; alone; alone D．lonely; lonely; alone 4.He lives ________ (独自) but he doesn’t feel lonely at all. 5.Emma feels a bit ______ (孤独的) because there are no old classmates at this school. 24. parrot /ˈpærət/ n. 鹦鹉 25. sound /saʊnd/ n. 声音 loud /laʊd/ adj. 大声的 noise /nɔɪz/ n. 声音，噪声 He is very quiet and seldom makes any sound.他很安静并且很少发出声音。 He seldom makes loud noises and he is always happy to see me.他很少发出很大的噪音，他见到我总是很高兴。 【辨析sound, noise与voice】 sound：泛指自然界的各种声音。 noise：多指不悦耳的“噪声，喧闹声”等。 voice：指人的声音，如嗓音、说话声、歌唱声。 soundless/voiceless作形容词，意为“无声的”，noisy作形容词，意为“嘈杂的，吵闹的” 【课堂练习】 1.My sister has a good ________ (嗓音). She can sing very well. 2.Can you hear the ________ (声音) of the erhu? 3.The ________ (噪音) from next door makes me angry. 26. corner /ˈkɔːnə(r)/ n. 角落，墙角；街角 When she gets tired, she sleeps in the corner of her cage. in the corner of 在…的角落里 around/round the corner 很近；在附近 27. touch /tʌtʃ/ vt. 触摸，碰 28. goldfish /ˈɡəʊldfɪʃ/ n. (pl. goldfish, goldfishes) 金鱼 29. afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj. 担心；害怕，恐惧 —May I touch your goldfish? —Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. ①touch作及物动词，意为“感动；触动 ” touch sb.’s heart触动某人的内心 touch sb.触动某人 作名词，意为“联系” be/get/keep in touch with与…有/取得/保持联系 lose touch with与…失去联系 ②afraid作形容词，常作表语。 【练一练】 1. —Would you like to go to the movies with me tonight, Emma? —________. I have to prepare for the English test tomorrow. A．Yes, please B．I’m afraid not C．I’d love to D．Have a nice day 2. Don’t be afraid of ________ mistakes. We can learn from them. (make) 3. He’s shy, so he is afraid ________ (talk) to girls. 4. Her stories ________ (感动) us and we decided to study hard. 30. giraffe /dʒəˈrɑːf/ n. 长颈鹿 31. bone /bəʊn/ n. 骨头 32. neck /nek/ n. 颈，脖子 33. snake /sneɪk/ n. 蛇 34. tip /tɪp/ n. 实用的提示 35. human /ˈhjuːmən/ n. 人 它的复数形式是humans 36. radar /ˈreɪdɑː(r)/ n. 雷达 37. allow /əˈlaʊ/ vt. 使可能；允许 38. safely /ˈseɪfli/ adv. 安全地 Radar allows ships to “see” things around them and travel safely. 雷达可以让船只“看到”周围的东西，从而安全航行。 ①allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，allow doing sth.“允许做某事”。 ②safe作形容词，意为“安全的”，safety作名词，意为“安全” 【练一练】 1. My parents allow me _________ (hang) out with my friends on weekends. 2. All your troubles will go away when your father comes back ________ (safe). 3. It’s important to follow the ________ (safe) tips outdoors. 39. echo /ˈekəʊ/ n. 回声 40. cheer /tʃɪə(r)/ vt. 鼓舞 vt. & vi. 欢呼，加油 cheer (sb) up （使）变得高兴，振作起来 They cheer us up when we feel sad. 当我们感到悲伤时，他们使我们振作起来。 cheer for... 意为“为...欢呼/加油” cheer作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声” Let’s give a cheer to the winner. cheerful 作形容词，意为“快乐的，高兴的；令人愉悦的”，cheerless作形容词，意为“无精打采，不快乐的；沉闷的” 【练一练】 1. Let’s __________ (欢呼) for our basketball team, OK? 2. The students volunteer their time ________ the sad boy. A．clean up B．handing out C．to cheer up D．thinks up 41. hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 辛勤的 For example, ants are hard-working, and they often work as a team. 例如，蚂蚁很勤劳，他们经常作为一个团队工作。 【辨析】hard-working, hard work & word hard hard-working 形容词 辛勤的，勤劳的，工作勤奋的 hard work 名词短语 困难的工作 word hard 动词短语 努力工作，努力学习 42.useful /ˈjuːsfl/ adj. 有用的 Also, some animals can be very useful, like dogs. 此外，有些动物也很有用，比如狗。 useless作形容词，意为“无用的”，use既作动词也可作名词，意为“使用” use sth to do... 使用某物做某事 in use 在使用中 【练一练】 1. English is a very ________ (use) subject. 2. Every family should make plans for ________ (use) money. 3. The compass is ________ useful invention and ________ important tool in sailing. A．a; an B．an; an C．an; a D．a; a 43. save /seɪv/ vt. 拯救，救助 They’re smart and can even help people save lives. save sb./sth. from... 拯救某人/某物，使之免于… 作动词，还可意为“储蓄；攒钱；节约；节省” save money 攒钱 save water节约用水 44.correct /kəˈrekt/ adj. 正确的 45. relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n. 关系 Animals and humans have a special relationship, and we should respect and care for all living things. have a close relationship with sb和某人关系亲密 build a good relationship建立良好的关系 【练一练】 1. The ________ (关系) between the two teams is pretty friendly. 2. We should be ________ (care) when dealing with new technologies. 3. My mother________ my grandmother very well. A．talked about B．looked for C．cared for D．took care for 46. round /raʊnd/ adj. 圆形的 47. guinea /ˈgɪni/ pig n. 天竺鼠 48. name /neɪm/ vt. 命名 I have a pet guinea pig named Teddy. 句中的 named（相当于called） Teddy为过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词pet guinea pig。 过去分词短语作定语修饰名词时，通常放在名词的后面。 【练一练】 There will be a new school ________ (name)  Zhijiang Middle School next year. 49. down /daʊn/ adj. 沮丧，情绪低落 If I am down, Teddy will stay next to me and help me relax. feel down感到沮丧 let sb. down让某人失望 【巩固练习】 一、单词拼写 1. There are different kinds of (昆虫) in nature. 2. I noticed a large number of (蚂蚁) in the yard before the storm arrived. 3. —My classroom is big. What about yours? —Mine is three （倍）bigger than yours. 4. Nick is friendly to others. He never (打架) with his classmates. 5. Would you please get some more （枝条）for the campfire? 6. The cake (品尝) very good. Enjoy it, please. 7. The children like to see the (长颈鹿) at the zoo. 8. Jack is strong enough to (举起) the box up. 9. Kids are putting on (重量) because of changes in their diet and lifestyle. 10. Many animals have (皮毛) to keep warm or protect themselves. 11. Please come to the (圆形的) table and have dinner with me. 12. Could you tell me the (正确的) answer to the question? 13. Look! There is a ring around the dog's （脖子）. 14. —How many (工人) are there in the shop? —Nineteen. 15. The white （噪音）can help some people focus. 16. A wide road (允许) several cars to go at the same time. 二、适当形式填空 1. These flowers are very beautiful. They attract many (butterfly). 2. Nancy cut out a lovely picture of bear and (stick) it on the card slowly. 3. My aunt is an office (work). 4. The dog (bite) the thief (小偷) in the leg to stop him from stealing things. 5. Don’t forget (bring) your books to her tomorrow. 6. You’re getting fatter. Why not learn how to lose your (weigh)? 7. Cao Cong the elephant in a very clever way. (weigh) 8. Don’t be afraid (ask) the teacher for help. 9. We know how to cross the street (safe). And now we are talking about the traffic (safe). 10. Unlike animals, have the ability to think and solve complex problems. (human) 11. Stay (wake)! You are driving on the highway! 12. My brother was happy when he answered the question (correct). 二、语法精讲 1. 形容词 (1)我们常用形容词来修饰人或物。 (2)形容词的用法 1)形容词在句子中可以作定语，用来修饰名词和代词，放在名词前或不定代词后。 He lives in a beautiful house. There is nothing important in today’s newspaper. 2)形容词放在系动词之后作表语，其中系动词主要包括 be 动词，感官动词(feel, taste, look, touch, smell, sound)，become, get, grow, turn等含有“变”意思的词，keep, stay等意为“保持”的词以及seem。 When autumn comes, leaves will turn brown. 3)形容词可以作宾语补足语，常与make, leave, keep, find 等动词连用。 His words makes me sad. 他的话使我伤心。 4)有些形容词放在定冠词之后，表示一类人，常见的有：rich/poor, young/old, deaf/blind, black/white, living/dead等，如：the old老人；the rich 有钱人 【注意】 ①以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人， 如exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, relaxing-relaxed ②名词变形容词： 英语中，有些名词加上后缀“y”“ly”“ful”“less”之后就构成了形容词。 表天气：cloud(y), sun(ny) 表称谓：friend(ly), 表情感：A. care (ful), care(less), luck(y) 【练一练】 1．Ben is a very ________ football player and he plays very ________. A．good; good B．well; good C．good; well D．well; well 2．The new mobile phone is not ________ and I don’t have ________ to buy it. A．cheap enough; enough money B．expensive enough; money enough C．enough cheap; enough money D．enough expensive; money enough 3．Too much work and too little rest make it ________ for you to get ill. A．easily B．is easy C．easy D．be easy 4．Doing exercise helps people stay ________ and ________. A．healthy; happiness B．health; happy C．healthy; happy D．health; happiness 5．The library in my city ________ from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., but it ________ at 11:00 a.m. on Monday. A．opens; closes B．opens; is closed C．is open; is closed D．is open; closes 6．Sandy is very popular in our class. She looks very ________ and smiles often. A．happily B．quietly C．lovely D．politely 7．The library ________ from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. on weekdays, but it ________ at 5 p.m. at weekends. A．opens, close B．is open, closes C．open, close D．is opening ,closes 8．—What about having some Cola? —Cola is not ________. Let’s have some apple juice. That tastes ________. A．healthily; good B．healthy; well C．healthily; well D．healthy; good 9．—Kate, do you have ________ to watch the film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse tonight? —Great! It is ________ to attract (吸引) so many people to watch it. A．enough time; enough interesting B．enough time; interesting enough C．time enough; enough interesting D．time enough; interesting enough 10．Uncle Liu is in good ________. ________ eating helps him. A．healthy; Healthy B．health; Health C．healthy; Health D．health; Healthy 11．Eating fast food isn’t good for our ________ because most fast food isn’t ________. A．health; health B．healthy; healthy C．health; healthy D．healthy; health 12．Cindy sings ________ and she looks ________. A．good; happy B．well; happy C．good; to be happy D．well; to be happy 13．Millie, a really ________ dancer, doesn’t feel _________ enough to practice dancing today. A．good; good B．well; well C．good; well D．well; good 14．Our parents hope ________ all our lives. A．us to be happy and healthy B．us to be happily and healthily C．we will be happy and healthy D．we will be happily and healthily 15．Amy lives ________ life, so she ________ stays up. A．a healthy; sometimes B．health; never C．a healthy; seldom D．a health; seldom 2. 情态动词can, could及may的用法 (1) can, could的用法 ①表能力，意为“能、会”，could 为can的过去式，表示过去的能力。 Can you play basketball? I could swim when I was seven years old. ②表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 He can’t be in the room. ③表请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may. You can(may) go now. ④以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can’t. (2)may的用法 ①表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。 【例句】He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来。 ②表请求、许可，意为“可以”。 May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书么？ 【注意】may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用can’t，不用may not，意为“不可以，不允许”。 --May I go now? --No, you can’t. ③表祝愿。 May you succeed. 祝你成功。 ④can 和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用，但may更正式。 ⑤might也可用作情态动词，表示推测，但might表示的可能性比may小一些。 【练一练】 1．Luo yang likes swimming very much and he ________ swim very well. A．can’t B．can C．shouldn’t D．should 2．—Mum, could I watch TV? —I’m afraid you _________. Do your homework first. A．can’t B．can C．couldn’t D．could 3．—_________ you ride a bike when you were eight? —Yes, of course. A．Do B．Can C．Could D．Were 4．—________ I play basketball after school, Mum? —Of course you can. But remember to get home for dinner at 6:00 p.m. A．Need B．Should C．Could D．Must 5．—My uncle ________ speak good English when he was two years old. —That’s amazing! A．can B．may C．could D．should 6．— Could I take the picture book home, Mrs Rice? — No, you ________.  You ________ only read it here. A．can’t; can B．couldn’t; can C．can’t; can’t D．couldn’t; may 7．—_______ I watch my favourite cartoon Ice Age for half an hour, Dad? —I’m afraid not. It’s too late, and you _______ go to bed. A．May; have to B．Will; should C．Can; will D．Must; need 8．—What do you think of the “Helping Hands” meeting? —It ________ helpful. Let’s go there to have a look. A．maybe B．may C．may be D．may is 9．You’d better text her first. She ________ angry if you ________ by her house suddenly tomorrow. A．may be; stop B．may be; will stop C．maybe; stop D．maybe; will stop 10．—Will the famous designer come to the fashion show next Monday? —I’m not sure. She ________ not come. A．must B．may C．can D．should 11．He ________ at home. ________ he is not. You can call him up. A．maybe; May be B．may be; May be C．maybe; Maybe D．may be; Maybe 12．I hope all my friends ________ to my birthday party this Saturday. A．can come B．comes C．to come D．Coming 三、句子讲解 1. My dog is the cleverest animal of all.  我的狗是所有动物中最聪明的。 the cleverest是clever的最高级；比较级是cleverer 英语中的形容词常分为三个等级，即原级、比较级、最高级；原级即原形，比较级常表示两者之间的比较；最高级表示三者、三者以上的比较。 of all“在所有…当中”，是形容词最高级的特征。 2. Way up into the sky. 直入云霄 way作副词，意为“很远;大量”，常与介词或副词连用。 way up向上 This skirt is way（=a lot）too short. 3. She can’t talk, but does care. 她不能说话，但很关心。 She is usually friendly, but be careful with your hands... care 作动词，意为“在意，关心；照料；小心” care about 关心，关怀 care for 照料，照顾= take care of= look after careful作形容词，意为“仔细的，小心的”，careless作形容词，意为“粗心的”，carelessness作名词，意为“粗心” be careful with...小心对待… 【练一练】 1．Think (careful) and you can get the answer. 2．Please don’t be so (care) next time. You should learn to care for yourself. 3．Lots of terrible accidents have taken place because of the drivers’ (care). 4．My friend Su Mei takes good of me . She is also when she does her homework. She thinks that as a student, she should study . If she does homework , she will not learn well. (care) 4. She is always by my side. by sb.’s side意为“在某人身边”，相当于at sb.’s side 与side相关的其他短语： side by side并排;并肩地 be on sb.’s side站在某人一边;和某人观点一致 on/from every side从四面八方；到处 from side to side左右来回（摇摆） 20 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $