精品解析：陕西师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年度第一学期第二次月考（12月）高二年级英语试题

陕西师大附中2023-2024学年度第一学期第二次月考(12月) 高二年级英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What will the man probably do for the woman? A. Help her with math. B. Ask for leave for her. C. Take her to the hospital. 2.What does the man want Mamie to do? A. Drink some coffee. B. Do her homework. C. Take a break. 3.Where are most of Osborn’s classmates from? A. The US. B. Canada. C. Britain. 4.What flowers are in the vase? A. Sunflowers. B. Lilies. C. Roses. 5.What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. A house. B. A picture. C. A gallery. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.What does the woman expect the man to do? A. Play games with Ted. B. Put away toys. C. Walk the dog. 7.Where is Simon? A. In the bedroom. B. In the yard. C. On the football court. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8.When does the boy plan to get up tomorrow? A. At 8:00 a.m. B. At 8:30 a.m. C. At 10:00 a.m. 9.What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Attend a conference. B. Wake the boy up. C. Go to the zoo. 10.With whom will the boy have dinner tomorrow? A. His father. B. His uncle. C. The woman. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11.Why does the man buy gifts today? A. For a graduation ceremony. B. For a wedding. C. For an anniversary. 12.What will the man buy? A. The white gold earrings. B. The diamond earrings. C. The yellow gold ring. 13.How much does the man need to pay? A. $2, 000. B. $2, 200. C. $3, 000. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14.What is the woman talking about at first? A. Cooking. B. A storyline. C. Her mother. 15.How does the man feel about Alice’s behavior? A. Understanding. B. Worried. C. Confused. 16.What is the woman going to do tomorrow? A. Bring the man a book. B. Take a helicopter. C. Go to a club. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.Where does the speaker live? A. In China. B. In Pakistan. C. In South Africa. 18.What did the local tour guide teach the speaker to do? A. Avoid altitude sickness. B. Keep himself warm. C. Rent a suitable car. 19.What do we know about the cash machine? A. People aren’t allowed to take photos of it. B. It can’t be used to pay electricity bills. C. It set a Guinness World Record. 20.Who is Atiya Saeed? A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A photographer. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World There are still hundreds of relatively-unknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history. Tiera Guinn Tiera Guinn was already doing rocket science before graduating from college. The MIT (麻省理工学院) senior helped build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She was an aerospace engineering major with high credit points who also worked as a rocket structural designer and analysis engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing built for the US. Elizabeth Blackwell Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States. She became an activist for poor American women’s health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England. Jane Goodall As the most famous primate (灵长类) scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn’t just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behavior of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and studied them in their natural habitats. Rachel Carson In the 1960s, one environmental scientist’s voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carson’s. Her article, “Silent Spring”, warned of the dangers of pesticides (农药) and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation’s environmental history. 1. What might be Tiera Guinn’s greatest achievement? A. She learned the newest rocket science. B. She entered the best university of the world. C. She helped build a big and powerful rocket. D. She was a top student and entered a famous company. 2. What was Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history? A. She was the first woman with higher education. B. She founded the first women’s school in the United Kingdom. C. She was a pioneer in promoting women’s education in medicine. D. She was the first woman to be accepted by a university. 3. Who made a great contribution to the animal-protection movement? A. Tiera Guinn. B. Jane Goodall. C. Rachel Carson. D. Elizabeth Blackwell. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女性科学家，包括她们的成就和对各自领域的贡献。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tiera Guinn部分中“The MIT (麻省理工学院) senior helped build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made.(这位麻省理工学院的大四学生帮助美国制造了一枚火箭，这可能是有史以来最大、最强大的火箭之一)”可知，Tiera Guinn的伟大成就是帮助建造了一枚大而强大的火箭。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Elizabeth Blackwell部分中“Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States. She became an activist for poor American women’s health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.(伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔于1821年出生于英国布里斯托尔，她是美国第一位从医学院毕业的女性。她成为了美国贫困女性健康的活动家，并在英国为女性创办了一所医学院)”可知，Elizabeth Blackwell是美国第一位从医学院毕业的女性，是医学领域女性教育的先驱。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Jane Goodall部分中“As the most famous primate (灵长类) scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights.(作为历史上最著名的灵长类动物科学家，简·古道尔以她与黑猩猩的合作以及作为动物权利的捍卫者而闻名)”可知，Jane Goodall以与黑猩猩的合作以及作为动物权利的捍卫者而闻名，对动物保护运动做出了巨大贡献。故选B项。 B As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 4. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 5. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 6. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Bazlinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历) 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。 【点睛】 C Happiness, as I see it, comprises five elements: spiritual well-being (meaning and purpose), physical well-being (nutrition, exercise), intellectual well-being (curiosity, deep learning), relational well-being (kindness and generosity), and emotional well-being (cultivating positive emotions). As an interdependent aggregate of these five elements of SPIRE, happiness is about much more than experiencing pleasure. As Aristotle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life, meaning how we spend our everyday lives is ultimately guided by what we think would make us happier. This is not a good or a bad thing. It simply is, like the law of nature. Even people who are tirelessly working for an important cause, for example, to get rid of world hunger, are doing it because they find their work meaningful. Meaning is an element of happiness. One barrier to happiness has to do with the expectation that happiness is an unbroken chain of positive emotions. This expectation, however, prevents people from experiencing happiness because painful emotions don’t go away but grow stronger when we reject them. The second barrier has to do with equating happiness with success. It’s a commonly held belief that happiness can be attained by achieving certain goals, like money or fame. People tend to think if they finally find success, they will automatically become happy. The third barrier has to do with the way people pursue happiness. We want to be happy for many reasons. After all, we are constantly told that happiness is good for our health, relationships, and work outcomes. Yet, if I wake up in the morning and decide to pursue happiness straight, I will become less happy. But how? Indirectly. As is known, if you look up at the sun directly, you’ll hurt yourself. But if you take the same sun rays and break them down, you’ll enjoy the colors of a rainbow. Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it down into something like the SPIRE elements—can contribute to our well-being. Starting a meditation practice, exercising, performing acts of kindness, learning something new, or expressing gratitude for what we have are all indirect ways of pursuing happiness. 8. What does the underlined word “aggregate” probably mean in the first paragraph? A. Combination. B. Conclusion. C. Accumulation. D. Association. 9. What’s the author’s attitude towards how we spend our daily lives? A. Favorable. B. Suspicious. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 10. What can we know from the text? A. Being a success leads one to happiness. B. Refusing negative feelings helps us obtain happiness. C. Going after happiness directly makes one feel happy. D. Pursuing one aspect of SPIRE can boost our well-being. 11. Why is the sun mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To make a contrast. B. To make an analogy. C. To conclude the argumentation. D. To answer the previous question. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者探讨了幸福的五大组成部分（SPIRE）及三种追求幸福路上的障碍，并认为间接追求幸福是最好的方式。 【8题详解】 词义猜测题。分析语境和句意可知，画线单词短语“As an interdependent aggregate of these five elements of SPIRE (作为这五个要素相互依赖的……)”与该段第一句“Happiness, as I see it, comprises five elements…(在我看来，幸福包括五个要素……)”在解释“幸福”这一词的含义上是同义表达。在作者看来，幸福是由五个元素组成，即，幸福是五大元素的集合或结合。由此可推知“aggregate”可用“combination (组合，结合)”解释。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“As Aristotle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life, meaning how we spend our everyday lives is ultimately guided by what we think would make us happier. This is not a good or a bad thing. It simply is, like the law of nature. (正如亚里士多德所说，幸福是人生的终极目的，这意味着我们如何度过日常生活，最终是由我们认为能让我们更快乐的事情来指导的。这不是好事也不是坏事。就像自然法则一样。)”可知，人们如何度过日常生活，最终是由人们认为能让自己更快乐的事情来指导的，作者用“这不是一件好的或者坏的事情，它只是像自然法则一样”来给与评价，这是客观性的评价，由此可推知，作者对此持有客观中立态度。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容“Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it down into something like the SPIRE elements—can contribute to our well-being. (同样，直接追求幸福也会伤害我们；通过将其分解为类似精神五大元素的东西来间接地追求它，可以为我们的幸福做出贡献。)”可知，间接地追求幸福，即，把它分解成像SPIRE五大元素之类的东西，通过某个元素追求可以有助于实现幸福。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。分析语境可知，最后一段“As is known, if you look up at the sun directly, you’ll hurt yourself. But if you take the same sun rays and break them down, you’ll enjoy the colors of a rainbow. (众所周知，如果你抬头直视太阳，你会伤到自己。但是如果你把同样的太阳光分解，你就会享受到彩虹的颜色。)”中提及直视太阳会让自己受伤，间接看太阳则会看到彩虹，紧接着用“Similarly (相似地，同样)”这一词引出后文“pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it down into something like the SPIRE elements—can contribute to our well-being (直接追求幸福也会伤害我们；通过将其分解为类似精神五大元素的东西来间接地追求它，可以为我们的幸福做出贡献)”讨论，“直视太阳”就相当于“直接追求幸福”，“把阳光分解”就相当于“将幸福分解为五大元素”。由此可知，作者这里提及阳光是为了做类比，让人在理解时更加具体化。故选B项。 D You are what you eat — and what you eat may be encoded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genetics play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting. “Everything has a genetic component, even if it’s small,” says Joanne Cole, a geneticist and a professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. “We know there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat. Can we take the next step and actually show the exact position of the regions in the genome (染色体)?” A new research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings were presented at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual flagship conference. They were based on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U. K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol. “This study had a huge number of subjects, so that’s really powerful,” says Monica Dus, an associate professor at the University of Michigan, who wasn’t a part of the new research but studies the relationship between genes and nutrition. “The other thing that I thought was really great is that they have so many different characteristics that they’re measuring in respect to diet. They had cholesterol, the body, socioeconomic backgrounds.” As the research advances, Dus says such genome analyses could possibly help health care providers — and even policymakers — address larger issues that affect food access and health. “Instead of trying to obsess over telling people to eat this or that, a more powerful intervention is to link it to making sure there aren’t ‘food deserts’ or to make sure that there’s a higher minimum wage — things that have a broader impact,” she says. 12. What is the purpose of Cole’s new research? A. To encode the role of DNA in determining food choices. B. To select genetic components tightly related to food consumption. C. To figure out the relationship between genetics and food preferences. D. To identify specific regions in the genome related to food preferences. 13. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The findings of the study. C. The data-source of the study. D. The significance of the study. 14. What does Monica Dus mean in the text? A. The subjects of the study are powerful. B. The research team studied many aspects linking to diet. C. The genome analyses have no prospect in the future. D. People’s wage should be raised because of “food deserts”. 15. Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. What You Eat Impacts Your Health B. What You Eat Forms Your Dietary Pattern C. Your Genes May Determine Your Nutritional Need D. Your Genes May Influence What You Like to Eat 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明基因在决定你觉得食物是美味还是难吃方面有一定的作用。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Can we take the next step and actually show the exact position of the regions in the genome (染色体)?(我们能进一步准确定位其在染色体中的区域吗？)”可知，Cole开展研究就是要确定决定食物偏好基因在染色体上的具体位点。故选D。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“They were based on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U. K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol.(他们是基于科尔和她的同事在2020年《自然通讯》上发表的一项研究，该研究使用了英国生物银行的数据，这是一个包含50万参与者遗传和健康信息的公共数据库。通过扫描基因组，新的分析能够锁定194个与饮食模式相关的区域，以及287个与水果、奶酪、鱼、茶和酒精等特定食物相关的区域)”可知，本段主要讲的是研究的结果及前景。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The other thing that I thought was really great is that they have so many different characteristics that they’re measuring in respect to diet.(我认为另一件很棒的事情是他们在饮食方面测量了很多不同的特征)”可推知，研究小组研究了与饮食有关的许多方面的不同特征。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“You are what you eat — and what you eat may be encoded in your DNA.Studies have indicated that your genetics play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting.(你吃什么就是什么——你吃的东西可能被编码在你的DNA中。研究表明，你的基因在决定你觉得美味或恶心的食物方面起着重要作用)”及下文介绍可知，文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明基因在决定你觉得食物是美味还是难吃方面有一定的作用。由此可知，Your Genes May Influence What You Like to Eat(你的基因可能会影响你喜欢吃什么)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever wondered what your pets want you to know? ___16___. So let’s hear some inner voice coming from your beloved cats. I don’t like to share Sharing food or water bowls or a litter box can make cats anxious, according to veterinarian Katrina Warren. ___17___. Does your cat still seem anxious? Provide your kitty with a place to have a rest, since cats appreciate high places and autonomy. ___18___ For a study in Animal Cognition in 2015, researchers set up an unfamiliar and slightly scary scene—an electric fan with ribbons attached. ___19___. 79 percent of the cats looked back and forth between their person and the fan, indicating that they were trying to see whether the human was afraid. Half the owners were told to act confident and approach the fan, and the other half were told to act nervous and move away from it. The cats whose people seemed scared were significantly more likely to direct their gaze to the room’s exit. I hate being ignored “Cats will more frequently approach and play with a person who is attentive to them com-pared to a person who is ignoring them,” says Kristyn Vitale, PhD, a researcher in the Human-Animal Interaction Lab at Oregon State University. ___20___. Vitale says if a cat is showing signs of aggression (widened pupils, a fast-twitching tail, fur standing on end, his-sing, or growling), just walk away. It’s better to end the interaction before an incident occurs that may lead to a strain in the relationship. A. I guide your action B. I tell what you think C. Many scientific researchers continue to reveal their secrets D. And then cats were permitted to enter the room with their owners E. So, you’d better prepare as many water bowls as you can for your cats F. If you have multiple cats, maintain separate dishes and litter boxes for each G. However, sometimes your cats want you to know they’re eager to be left alone 【答案】16. C 17. F 18. B 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过通过科学研究结果揭示了三种猫内心的“声音”。 【16题详解】 上文“Have you ever wondered what your pets want you to know? (你有没有想过你的宠物想让你知道什么？)”以及下文“So let’s hear some inner voice coming from your beloved cats.(所以，让我们听听你心爱的猫发自内心的声音)”说明本文是介绍了来自宠物猫内心“不同的声音”。空处承上启下，C项（许多科学研究人员继续揭示他们的秘密）符合题意，其中“reveal their secrets”和上文中“your pets want you to know”相呼应。同时成为下文的原因，表明科学揭示了宠物猫的秘密。故选C。 【17题详解】 上文“Sharing food or water bowls or a litter box can make cats anxious, according to veterinarian Katrina Warren.(兽医Katrina Warren表示，共用食物、水碗或猫砂箱会让猫感到焦虑)”说明猫不愿意分享食物，水碗或猫砂。空处提出解决此问题的方法，说明如果你有多只猫，请为每只猫准备单独的盘子和猫砂箱。F项（如果你有多只猫，为每只猫保留单独的盘子和猫砂盆）符合题意，其中“maintain separate dishes and litter boxes for each”和前文中的“Sharing food or water bowls or a litter box can make cats anxious (共用食物、水碗或猫砂盆会让猫感到焦虑)”相呼应。故选F。 【18题详解】 下文“79 percent of the cats looked back and forth between their person and the fan, indicating that they were trying to see whether the human was afraid. Half the owners were told to act confident and approach the fan, and the other half were told to act nervous and move away from it. The cats whose people seemed scared were significantly more likely to direct their gaze to the room’s exit.(79%的猫在自己的人和风扇之间来回看，这表明它们试图看看人类是否害怕。一半的主人被要求表现得自信并靠近风扇，另一半则被要求表现出紧张并远离风扇。那些看起来很害怕的猫更有可能将目光投向房间的出口)”说明本段主要告诉人们猫能够感受到主人在想什么。B项“我能分辨你的想法”适合做本段的主旨句。故选B。 【19题详解】 上文“For a study in Animal Cognition in 2015, researchers set up an unfamiliar and slightly scary scene—an electric fan with ribbons attached. (在2015年《动物认知》杂志的一项研究中，研究人员设置了一个陌生且略显恐怖的场景——一个系着丝带的电风扇)”说明本段要通过一个研究告诉人们猫的特性。空处主要介绍实验过程，先设计了一个陌生且略显恐怖的场景，然后猫被允许和主人一起进入房间。D项“然后猫被允许和主人一起进入房间。”符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 上文““Cats will more frequently approach and play with a person who is attentive to them com-pared to a person who is ignoring them,” says Kristyn Vitale, PhD, a researcher in the Human-Animal Interaction Lab at Oregon State University. (俄勒冈州立大学人与动物互动实验室的研究员Kristyn Vitale博士说：“与忽视猫的人相比，猫会更频繁地接近并与关注它们的人玩耍。”)”以及下文“Vitale says if a cat is showing signs of aggression (widened pupils, a fast-twitching tail, fur standing on end, his-sing, or growling), just walk away.(Vitale说，如果一只猫表现出攻击性的迹象（瞳孔变大、尾巴快速抽搐、皮毛直立、唱歌或咆哮），就走开吧)”说明猫喜欢和亲近的人玩耍，但是也会出现攻击性。说明此空应是一个转折过渡句，表明猫想要独处时要远离他们，否则他们就会出现攻击性行为。G项中的however起到转折的作用，说明“有时你的猫想让你知道它们渴望独处”。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Wang Jibing, a food delivery rider living and working in Kunshan, East China’s Jiangsu province. Recently, he had an ___21___ experience due to the wrong address left by a customer. Wang ___22___ three buildings and climbed 18 floors before he finally managed to deliver the food to the customer, who ___23___ scolded Wang for arriving late. Wang was sad and ___24___. As a husband and father of three children, who shoulders the majority of the financial responsibility in his family, he had to swallow the ___25___. On his way home that day, Wang wrote a ___26___, Man in a Hurry, expressing his feelings. “Wind is born from air in a hurry. A knife is forged from the wind in hurry...” he wrote. Since then, Wang has been writing poems ___27___ by his daily life. Wang’s poems, simple yet real, are seen as a tool to process his ___28___, especially the personal experiences serving as inspirations during his work. His heart is ___29___ by writing the poems, and he has ____30____ them with his friends. In 2022, one of his friends posted Man in a Hurry online. It quickly ____31____ and was viewed for over 20 million times both from home and abroad. His poems and stories deeply touched many people, who shared similar ____32____ and negative emotion in their lives. “Poetry is like a ____33____ from stress to escape from chaos and an opportunity to record my life. Whether it’s coping with pain, dealing with stressful situations, or ____34____ life’s struggles, poetry makes me confident and happy,” says Wang. “The feedback from the readers is like the moon up against the six pence on the ground. I never planned to make writing my career, even though I have published two books,” says Wang. “Those poems came to me naturally and I enjoyed writing them very much. ____35____, the priority is to look after my family, so I will keep my regular job delivering food.” 21. A. immoral B. impossible C. unpleasant D. unsympathetic 22. A. searched B. constructed C. inspected D. furnished 23. A. joyfully B. truly C. gently D. rudely 24. A. pessimistic B. energetic C. frustrated D. enthusiastic 25. A. awkwardness B. blame C. compliment D. tolerance 26. A. poem B. comment C. agenda D. blog 27. A. excerpted B. adapted C. inspired D. composed 28. A. routines B. belongings C. characteristics D. emotions 29. A. healed B. guaranteed C. assigned D. panicked 30. A. drafted B. shared C. negotiated D. recreated 31. A. went blank B. went abroad C. went viral D. went wrong 32. A. resolutions B. suggestions C. highlights D. difficulties 33. A. stamp B. credit C. company D. escape 34. A. submit to B. apply to C. turn to D. lead to 35. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了外卖员王计兵在送外卖过程中的经历与感受，并且他基于这些真情实感开始写诗，作为诗人他和他的作品在网络走红。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，由于一位顾客留下了错误的地址，他有了一段不愉快的经历。A. immoral不道德的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unpleasant不愉快的；D. unsympathetic没有同情心的。根据下文“Wang________ three buildings and climbed 18 floors before he finally managed to deliver the food to the customer, who________scolded Wang for arriving late.”可知，他费劲周折找到顾客，顾客去指责，责骂他，这是不愉快的经历。所以unpleasant符合语境。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：王计兵找了三栋楼，爬了18层才把食物送到顾客那里，顾客粗鲁地斥责王迟到。A. searched搜索；B. constructed建设；C. inspected视察；D. furnished配备家具。根据上文“due to the wrong address left by a customer.”可知，顾客留错了地址，王计兵要在几栋楼里找这位顾客的家。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：王计兵找了三栋楼，爬了18层才把食物送到顾客那里，顾客粗鲁地斥责王迟到。A. joyfully开心地；B. truly真诚地，真地；C. gently轻轻地；D. rudely粗鲁地。空后动词scold意为“指责”，这位顾客自己留错地址，还指责外卖员迟到，应该是态度粗鲁。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王计兵很伤心，很沮丧。A. pessimistic消极的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. enthusiastic充满激情的。前面讲到顾客点外卖留错地址，王计兵费劲周折送到，还被指责，应该是心情沮丧。frustrated与sad语境一致。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个丈夫和三个孩子的父亲，他承担了家里大部分的经济责任，他不得不忍受这样的责备。A. awkwardness尴尬；B. blame责备；C. compliment赞美，奉承；D. tolerance容忍。王计兵不能与顾客争吵，他不能失去这份工作，所以他收到顾客无理指责，只能默默忍下，此处blame与上文第3空后scolded呼应。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，王写了一首诗《匆忙的人》，表达了他的感受。A. poem诗；B. comment评论；C. agenda议事日程；D. blog博客。根据下文第7空前“Since then, Wang has been writing poems”中poems可知，他是写了一首诗。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他就从日常生活中获得灵感，开始创作诗歌。A. excerpted摘录，节选；B. adapted适应；改编；C. inspired鼓舞，激励；给予灵感；D. composed组成；作曲，作文。根据空后“by his daily life”可知，日常的真实生活是他创作的灵感源泉，他的诗歌创作是从生活中获得的灵感与启发。第8空后的“inspirations”也是与此处呼应的。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的诗歌简单而真实，被视为一种处理情感的工具，尤其是在他的作品中作为灵感来源的个人经历。A. routines常规，惯例；B. belongings所属物，财产；C. characteristics特点，特征；D. emotions情感。根据空后的“especially the personal experiences serving as inspirations during his work.”可知，王计兵在工作经历中是经历过各种心情，把这些情感感受用诗歌表达出来，比如第一段提到的被顾客无理指责而产生的沮丧难过。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过写诗，他的心得到了治愈，并与朋友们分享。A. healed治愈；B. guaranteed担保，保证；C. assigned布置；D. panicked恐慌。根据上一句“Wang’s poems, simple yet real, are seen as a tool to process his emotions”可知，他写诗是疗愈情感的一种手段，在工作中被误解时受到的伤害在用诗歌表达出来之后，就释然了，被疗愈了。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过写诗，他的心得到了治愈，并与朋友们分享这些诗。A. drafted起草，草拟，画草图；B. shared分享，共享；C. negotiated谈判；D. recreated再创造；娱乐，消遣。根据下一句“In 2022, one of his friends posted Man in a Hurry online.”他的朋友读了他的诗并且发到网上，由此可知他和他的朋友分享了他的诗，宾语them指代poems。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：该视频迅速走红，国内外观看量超过2000万次。A. went blank很茫然；变得空白；B. went abroad出国；C. went viral走红；D. went wrong出故障。他的朋友把他的一首诗上传网络，根据空后“was viewed for over 20 million times both from home and abroad.”可知，观看量超两千万，这是在网络上走红了。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的诗歌和故事深深打动了许多人，他们在生活中有着类似的困难和负面情绪。A. resolutions决心；B. suggestions建议；C. highlights突出，精彩部分；D. difficulties困难。根据空后的并列宾语“negative emotion in their lives”可知，difficulties符合语境，遇到困难与负面情绪语义一致，他的诗使很多人感同身受，生活中时常遇到如他工作中被顾客刁难这样的困难。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：诗歌是一种逃离压力、逃离混乱的方式，也是记录自己生活的机会。A. stamp邮票；B. credit信用；赞扬；学分；C. company公司；陪伴；D. escape逃跑，摆脱。根据下文“ poetry makes me confident and happy”可知，王计兵写诗很开心，他认为这是从生活压力中的一种暂时的逃离。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：无论是应对痛苦，应对压力，还是屈服于生活的艰难困苦，诗歌都让我充满自信和快乐。A. submit to提交；屈服于；B. apply to适用于；C. turn to转向；求助于；D. lead to导致，造成。根据空前“coping with pain, dealing with stressful situations”可知，submit to意为“屈服于”符合语境。whether…or…连接的应该是意思相对或相反的，屈服和应对是意思相反的。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，首要任务是照顾我的家人，所以我将继续我的常规工作送餐。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。上一句“Those poems came to me naturally and I enjoyed writing them very much. ”讲他热爱写诗，空后“the priority is to look after my family, so I will keep my regular job delivering food.”表示他还是要做外卖送餐员的工作，前后是转折关系。故选B项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When it comes to addictive foods and foods which are more than worthy of being spread all over social media, Chinese sugar painting deserves some time in the spotlight. Sugar painting is ___36___ conventional Chinese form of folk art. Hot liquid sugar is used ___37___ (create) two dimensional figures like small animals. Sugar art is pretty popular ___38___ children, but it’s beautiful enough to attract just about anyone. Hot sugar is poured slowly in a thin line from a small spoon onto a flat surface(usually made of metal) and the outline of the figure ___39___ (draw) with a relatively thick stream of sugar. After the main outline is done, thinner ___40___ (support) strings of sugar are placed to support the outline and fill in the figure of the body in a ___41___ (combine) of swirls, zig-zags or other patterns. The whole design is held by a wooden stick. Customers ___42___ (traditional) spin(旋转) an arrow on a wheel, which lands on a certain figure ___43___ (inspire) by nature or wildlife in forms like a dragon, fish, monkey, dog, bird or flower basket. This ancient Sichuan art form might not be as common as it once was, ___44___ it still has the power to interest tourists ___45___ come across talented street artists making these amazing creations. 【答案】36. a 37. to create 38. with 39. is drawn 40. supporting 41. combination 42. traditionally 43. inspired 44. but 45. who##that 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍传统艺术——糖画。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：糖画是中国传统的民间艺术形式。分析句子可知，这里表示“一个中国传统的民间艺术形式”，为泛指概念，应用不定冠词，且conventional为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：热的液态糖被用来创造像小动物一样的二维图形。分析句子可知，这里考查be used to d sth表“被用来做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to create。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：糖艺术很受孩子们的欢迎，但它足够美丽，几乎可以吸引任何人。分析句子可知，这里表示be popular with sb表“受某人欢迎”，为固定搭配。故填with。 【39题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：热糖从一个小勺子里以细线慢慢倒在一个平坦的表面上（通常由金属制成），用相对较浓的糖流画出图形的轮廓。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，the outline of the figure与draw为被动关系，且由and前is poured可知，这里也应用一般现在时。故填is drawn。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：主轮廓完成后，放置更薄的糖支撑线来支撑轮廓，并以漩涡、Z字形或其他图案的组合填充身体的形状。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，supporting表“支撑的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填supporting。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：主轮廓完成后，放置更薄的糖支撑线来支撑轮廓，并以漩涡、Z字形或其他图案的组合填充身体的形状。分析句子可知，冠词a后面应填可数名词单数形式。故填combination。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：传统上，顾客在轮子上旋转箭头，箭头落在某个受自然或野生动物启发的物体上，形状如龙、鱼、猴子、狗、鸟或花篮。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填traditionally。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：传统上，顾客在轮子上旋转箭头，箭头落在某个受自然或野生动物启发的物体上，形状如龙、鱼、猴子、狗、鸟或花篮。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，a certain figure和inspire为被动关系，再由句意可知，此空应填过去分词作定语。故填inspired。 【44题详解】 考查连词。句意：这种古老的四川艺术形式可能不像以前那么常见了，但它仍然有力量吸引游客，因为他们遇到了才华横溢的街头艺术家，正在创作这些令人惊叹的作品。分析句子可知，此空前后两句为转折关系，所以这里应用并列连词but。故填but。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这种古老的四川艺术形式可能不像以前那么常见了，但它仍然有力量吸引游客，因为他们遇到了才华横溢的街头艺术家，正在创作这些令人惊叹的作品。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 tourists，为人，在从句中作主语，所以这里应用关系代词who或者that。故填who或者that。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jackson最近在考虑是否要出国留学，他来信征求你的意见。请你就此用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 注意： 1.表明收到来信； 2.阐述你的观点； 3.给出理由(不少于三个)。 Dear Jackson, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jackson, I’m more than delighted to share my opinion, which I hope will be of some help to you. Frankly, I hold the view that it makes good sense to study abroad. The reasons are as follows. To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process engaging and effective. Moreover, bathed in a different culture of a foreign country, we can gain great insights into the world because cross-cultural experiences can give us a global perspective. Studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better, which is the most important from my perspective. All things considered, I hope you can choose to study abroad and start a new life. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。李华的美国笔友Jackson正在考虑是否出国留学并征求李华的意见，李华在信中表明了自己支持出国留学的观点，并给出了三个理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 帮助：help → assistance 重要的：important→significant 此外，而且：moreover → in addition 获得，得到：gain → obtain 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better, which is the most important from my perspective. 拓展句：It is studying abroad that takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better, which I consider to be the most important aspect. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than delighted to share my opinion, which I hope will be of some help to you.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process engaging and effective.(运用了while引导的时间状语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest. I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答. We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I said gently and quietly, “No one can change your mind, except yourself. If you desire to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here”, I added with a sincere tone. Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else’s. I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease. David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers. It didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s joy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名特殊教育教师，在大型越野赛跑那天，发现患有大脑疾病的大卫独自站在一旁。作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。从教练口中得知，因为担心同学们会嘲笑大卫，所以教练想让大卫自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让大卫追寻自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，大卫最终参赛，尽管遇到困难，他战胜了自己，这已经无关名次，而是他的勇敢和坚定让这一切成为可能。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我们挨着坐着，但大卫不愿看我一眼。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励大卫继续完成比赛，大卫经过强烈的心理斗争，最终决定参加比赛。 ②由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第二段可描写大卫开始参赛，虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛。 2.续写线索：鼓励大卫——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——加油助威——完成比赛——感悟 3.词汇激活： 行动类： ①深呼吸：with a deep breath/breathe deeply ②坚持做：insisted on doing/be stick to doing 情绪类： ①热情：enthusiastically /with great passion ②骄傲：be proud of/take pride in 【点睛】[高分句型1]You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句和why引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. (现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型3]It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. (由It was...that结构引导的强调句型) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 陕西师大附中2023-2024学年度第一学期第二次月考(12月) 高二年级英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What will the man probably do for the woman? A. Help her with math. B. Ask for leave for her. C. Take her to the hospital. 2.What does the man want Mamie to do? A. Drink some coffee. B. Do her homework. C. Take a break. 3.Where are most of Osborn’s classmates from? A. The US. B. Canada. C. Britain. 4.What flowers are in the vase? A. Sunflowers. B. Lilies. C. Roses. 5.What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. A house. B. A picture. C. A gallery. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.What does the woman expect the man to do? A. Play games with Ted. B. Put away toys. C. Walk the dog. 7.Where is Simon? A. In the bedroom. B. In the yard. C. On the football court. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8.When does the boy plan to get up tomorrow? A. At 8:00 a.m. B. At 8:30 a.m. C. At 10:00 a.m. 9.What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Attend a conference. B. Wake the boy up. C. Go to the zoo. 10.With whom will the boy have dinner tomorrow? A. His father. B. His uncle. C. The woman. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11.Why does the man buy gifts today? A. For a graduation ceremony. B. For a wedding. C. For an anniversary. 12.What will the man buy? A. The white gold earrings. B. The diamond earrings. C. The yellow gold ring. 13.How much does the man need to pay? A. $2, 000. B. $2, 200. C. $3, 000. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14.What is the woman talking about at first? A. Cooking. B. A storyline. C. Her mother. 15.How does the man feel about Alice’s behavior? A. Understanding. B. Worried. C. Confused. 16.What is the woman going to do tomorrow? A. Bring the man a book. B. Take a helicopter. C. Go to a club. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.Where does the speaker live? A. In China. B. In Pakistan. C. In South Africa. 18.What did the local tour guide teach the speaker to do? A. Avoid altitude sickness. B. Keep himself warm. C. Rent a suitable car. 19.What do we know about the cash machine? A. People aren’t allowed to take photos of it. B. It can’t be used to pay electricity bills. C. It set a Guinness World Record. 20.Who is Atiya Saeed? A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A photographer. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World There are still hundreds of relatively-unknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history. Tiera Guinn Tiera Guinn was already doing rocket science before graduating from college. The MIT (麻省理工学院) senior helped build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She was an aerospace engineering major with high credit points who also worked as a rocket structural designer and analysis engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing built for the US. Elizabeth Blackwell Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States. She became an activist for poor American women’s health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England. Jane Goodall As the most famous primate (灵长类) scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn’t just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behavior of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and studied them in their natural habitats. Rachel Carson In the 1960s, one environmental scientist’s voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carson’s. Her article, “Silent Spring”, warned of the dangers of pesticides (农药) and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation’s environmental history. 1. What might be Tiera Guinn’s greatest achievement? A. She learned the newest rocket science. B. She entered the best university of the world. C. She helped build a big and powerful rocket. D. She was a top student and entered a famous company. 2. What was Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history? A. She was the first woman with higher education. B. She founded the first women’s school in the United Kingdom. C. She was a pioneer in promoting women’s education in medicine. D. She was the first woman to be accepted by a university. 3. Who made a great contribution to the animal-protection movement? A. Tiera Guinn. B. Jane Goodall. C. Rachel Carson. D. Elizabeth Blackwell. B As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 4. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 5. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 6. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. C Happiness, as I see it, comprises five elements: spiritual well-being (meaning and purpose), physical well-being (nutrition, exercise), intellectual well-being (curiosity, deep learning), relational well-being (kindness and generosity), and emotional well-being (cultivating positive emotions). As an interdependent aggregate of these five elements of SPIRE, happiness is about much more than experiencing pleasure. As Aristotle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life, meaning how we spend our everyday lives is ultimately guided by what we think would make us happier. This is not a good or a bad thing. It simply is, like the law of nature. Even people who are tirelessly working for an important cause, for example, to get rid of world hunger, are doing it because they find their work meaningful. Meaning is an element of happiness. One barrier to happiness has to do with the expectation that happiness is an unbroken chain of positive emotions. This expectation, however, prevents people from experiencing happiness because painful emotions don’t go away but grow stronger when we reject them. The second barrier has to do with equating happiness with success. It’s a commonly held belief that happiness can be attained by achieving certain goals, like money or fame. People tend to think if they finally find success, they will automatically become happy. The third barrier has to do with the way people pursue happiness. We want to be happy for many reasons. After all, we are constantly told that happiness is good for our health, relationships, and work outcomes. Yet, if I wake up in the morning and decide to pursue happiness straight, I will become less happy. But how? Indirectly. As is known, if you look up at the sun directly, you’ll hurt yourself. But if you take the same sun rays and break them down, you’ll enjoy the colors of a rainbow. Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it down into something like the SPIRE elements—can contribute to our well-being. Starting a meditation practice, exercising, performing acts of kindness, learning something new, or expressing gratitude for what we have are all indirect ways of pursuing happiness. 8. What does the underlined word “aggregate” probably mean in the first paragraph? A. Combination. B. Conclusion. C. Accumulation. D. Association. 9. What’s the author’s attitude towards how we spend our daily lives? A. Favorable. B. Suspicious. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 10. What can we know from the text? A. Being a success leads one to happiness. B. Refusing negative feelings helps us obtain happiness. C. Going after happiness directly makes one feel happy. D. Pursuing one aspect of SPIRE can boost our well-being. 11. Why is the sun mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To make a contrast. B. To make an analogy. C. To conclude the argumentation. D. To answer the previous question. D You are what you eat — and what you eat may be encoded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genetics play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting. “Everything has a genetic component, even if it’s small,” says Joanne Cole, a geneticist and a professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. “We know there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat. Can we take the next step and actually show the exact position of the regions in the genome (染色体)?” A new research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings were presented at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual flagship conference. They were based on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U. K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol. “This study had a huge number of subjects, so that’s really powerful,” says Monica Dus, an associate professor at the University of Michigan, who wasn’t a part of the new research but studies the relationship between genes and nutrition. “The other thing that I thought was really great is that they have so many different characteristics that they’re measuring in respect to diet. They had cholesterol, the body, socioeconomic backgrounds.” As the research advances, Dus says such genome analyses could possibly help health care providers — and even policymakers — address larger issues that affect food access and health. “Instead of trying to obsess over telling people to eat this or that, a more powerful intervention is to link it to making sure there aren’t ‘food deserts’ or to make sure that there’s a higher minimum wage — things that have a broader impact,” she says. 12. What is the purpose of Cole’s new research? A. To encode the role of DNA in determining food choices. B. To select genetic components tightly related to food consumption. C. To figure out the relationship between genetics and food preferences. D. To identify specific regions in the genome related to food preferences. 13. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The findings of the study. C. The data-source of the study. D. The significance of the study. 14. What does Monica Dus mean in the text? A. The subjects of the study are powerful. B. The research team studied many aspects linking to diet. C. The genome analyses have no prospect in the future. D. People’s wage should be raised because of “food deserts”. 15. Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. What You Eat Impacts Your Health B. What You Eat Forms Your Dietary Pattern C. Your Genes May Determine Your Nutritional Need D. Your Genes May Influence What You Like to Eat 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever wondered what your pets want you to know? ___16___. So let’s hear some inner voice coming from your beloved cats. I don’t like to share Sharing food or water bowls or a litter box can make cats anxious, according to veterinarian Katrina Warren. ___17___. Does your cat still seem anxious? Provide your kitty with a place to have a rest, since cats appreciate high places and autonomy. ___18___ For a study in Animal Cognition in 2015, researchers set up an unfamiliar and slightly scary scene—an electric fan with ribbons attached. ___19___. 79 percent of the cats looked back and forth between their person and the fan, indicating that they were trying to see whether the human was afraid. Half the owners were told to act confident and approach the fan, and the other half were told to act nervous and move away from it. The cats whose people seemed scared were significantly more likely to direct their gaze to the room’s exit. I hate being ignored “Cats will more frequently approach and play with a person who is attentive to them com-pared to a person who is ignoring them,” says Kristyn Vitale, PhD, a researcher in the Human-Animal Interaction Lab at Oregon State University. ___20___. Vitale says if a cat is showing signs of aggression (widened pupils, a fast-twitching tail, fur standing on end, his-sing, or growling), just walk away. It’s better to end the interaction before an incident occurs that may lead to a strain in the relationship. A. I guide your action B. I tell what you think C. Many scientific researchers continue to reveal their secrets D. And then cats were permitted to enter the room with their owners E. So, you’d better prepare as many water bowls as you can for your cats F. If you have multiple cats, maintain separate dishes and litter boxes for each G. However, sometimes your cats want you to know they’re eager to be left alone 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Wang Jibing, a food delivery rider living and working in Kunshan, East China’s Jiangsu province. Recently, he had an ___21___ experience due to the wrong address left by a customer. Wang ___22___ three buildings and climbed 18 floors before he finally managed to deliver the food to the customer, who ___23___ scolded Wang for arriving late. Wang was sad and ___24___. As a husband and father of three children, who shoulders the majority of the financial responsibility in his family, he had to swallow the ___25___. On his way home that day, Wang wrote a ___26___, Man in a Hurry, expressing his feelings. “Wind is born from air in a hurry. A knife is forged from the wind in hurry...” he wrote. Since then, Wang has been writing poems ___27___ by his daily life. Wang’s poems, simple yet real, are seen as a tool to process his ___28___, especially the personal experiences serving as inspirations during his work. His heart is ___29___ by writing the poems, and he has ____30____ them with his friends. In 2022, one of his friends posted Man in a Hurry online. It quickly ____31____ and was viewed for over 20 million times both from home and abroad. His poems and stories deeply touched many people, who shared similar ____32____ and negative emotion in their lives. “Poetry is like a ____33____ from stress to escape from chaos and an opportunity to record my life. Whether it’s coping with pain, dealing with stressful situations, or ____34____ life’s struggles, poetry makes me confident and happy,” says Wang. “The feedback from the readers is like the moon up against the six pence on the ground. I never planned to make writing my career, even though I have published two books,” says Wang. “Those poems came to me naturally and I enjoyed writing them very much. ____35____, the priority is to look after my family, so I will keep my regular job delivering food.” 21. A. immoral B. impossible C. unpleasant D. unsympathetic 22. A. searched B. constructed C. inspected D. furnished 23. A. joyfully B. truly C. gently D. rudely 24. A. pessimistic B. energetic C. frustrated D. enthusiastic 25. A. awkwardness B. blame C. compliment D. tolerance 26. A. poem B. comment C. agenda D. blog 27. A. excerpted B. adapted C. inspired D. composed 28. A. routines B. belongings C. characteristics D. emotions 29. A. healed B. guaranteed C. assigned D. panicked 30. A. drafted B. shared C. negotiated D. recreated 31. A. went blank B. went abroad C. went viral D. went wrong 32. A. resolutions B. suggestions C. highlights D. difficulties 33. A. stamp B. credit C. company D. escape 34. A. submit to B. apply to C. turn to D. lead to 35. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When it comes to addictive foods and foods which are more than worthy of being spread all over social media, Chinese sugar painting deserves some time in the spotlight. Sugar painting is ___36___ conventional Chinese form of folk art. Hot liquid sugar is used ___37___ (create) two dimensional figures like small animals. Sugar art is pretty popular ___38___ children, but it’s beautiful enough to attract just about anyone. Hot sugar is poured slowly in a thin line from a small spoon onto a flat surface(usually made of metal) and the outline of the figure ___39___ (draw) with a relatively thick stream of sugar. After the main outline is done, thinner ___40___ (support) strings of sugar are placed to support the outline and fill in the figure of the body in a ___41___ (combine) of swirls, zig-zags or other patterns. The whole design is held by a wooden stick. Customers ___42___ (traditional) spin(旋转) an arrow on a wheel, which lands on a certain figure ___43___ (inspire) by nature or wildlife in forms like a dragon, fish, monkey, dog, bird or flower basket. This ancient Sichuan art form might not be as common as it once was, ___44___ it still has the power to interest tourists ___45___ come across talented street artists making these amazing creations. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jackson最近在考虑是否要出国留学，他来信征求你的意见。请你就此用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 注意： 1.表明收到来信； 2.阐述你的观点； 3.给出理由(不少于三个)。 Dear Jackson, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest. I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答. We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $