精品解析：2026年上海市长宁区第二学期高三教学质量调研英语试卷

2025学年第二学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 (考试时间105分钟;满分115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Blue zones Everyone wants to live a long, healthy life, and so it’s no surprise that researchers are looking into ways to make that happen. One approach is to study areas in which people have longer-than-average lives known as blue zones and see ___1___ these communities do to promote long life. Dan Buettner’s book The Blue Zones introduced the concept of blue zones — five regions spread out across three continents ___2___ people live unusually long and healthy lives. In one early phase of their research, researchers identified these places and marked ___3___ on a map with blue circles, which inspired the term blue zones. After identifying the blue zones, Buettner investigated their cultures, ___4___ (seek) insight into why their people are so healthy and long-lived. His team identified nine common lifestyle practices known as the “Power 9,” which create supportive environments that improve physical, mental and emotional health. ___5___ the details varied, a common feature in the diets of people in blue zones is that they follow primarily plant-based diets. Those who eat meat typically only do so four or five times a month. They also typically either fast regularly or limit the amount they eat. Additionally, they drink wine ___6___ moderation. Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. Instead, activity ___8___ (build) into daily life as they walk from place to place and do housework such as gardening and cleaning. Many families in blue zones live in homes where multiple generations reside together. This arrangement provides emotional and practical support for both the old and the young. And these communities are organized in a way that enables people ___9___ (find) social support beyond their biological family. In these tight-knit communities, the residents often look out for each other, which in turn ____10____ (strengthen) the social bonds that are essential for a long and healthy life. 【答案】1. what 2. where 3. them 4. seeking 5. Although##Though##While 6. in 7. planned 8. is built 9. to find 10. strengthens 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蓝色地带概念，分析当地人长寿原因，包括饮食、运动及社交等方面。 【1题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：一种方法是研究那些人们寿命比平均寿命长的地区，即蓝色地带，看看这些社区做了什么来促进长寿。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：丹·布特纳的书《蓝色地带》介绍了蓝色地带的概念——分布在三大洲的五个地区，那里的人们过着异常长寿和健康的生活。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词five regions，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：在研究的早期阶段，研究人员确定了这些地方，并在地图上用蓝色圆圈标记了它们，这启发了“蓝色地带”一词。空处指代上文的复数名词these places，应用代词them作宾语。故填them。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在确定了蓝色地带之后，布特纳研究了他们的文化，试图深入了解为什么他们的人民如此健康和长寿。空处非谓语动词，seek和逻辑主语Buettner之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式seeking作状语。故填seeking。 【5题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然细节各不相同，但蓝色地带人们的饮食有一个共同特点，那就是他们主要遵循植物性饮食。结合句意可知，此处表示“虽然”，应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：此外，他们适量饮酒。in moderation“适度”，固定短语。故填in。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：锻炼对健康是必要的，但蓝色地带的人们通常不会专门为健身而留出时间锻炼，比如去健身房。空处非谓语动词，plan和逻辑主语exercise之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式planned作后置定语。故填planned。 【8题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：相反，活动融入了他们的日常生活，他们从一个地方走到另一个地方，做家务，如园艺和清洁。空处为句子的谓语，根据walk可知，句子使用一般现在时，activity和build之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语activity是单数，be动词应用is。故填is built。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：并且这些社区的组织方式使人们能够在他们的亲生家庭之外找到社会支持。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，固定短语。故填to find。 【10题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在这些紧密联系的社区里，居民们经常互相照顾，这反过来又加强了对于长寿和健康生活至关重要的社会联系。空处为句子的谓语，根据look可知，句子使用一般现在时，which指代上文整个句子，并在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填strengthens。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. matched B. original C. preserved D. pressed E. records F. reflect G. reliable H. revealed I. shapes J. subsequently K. unexpectedly Reading the trees By analysing variations in tree rings across forests worldwide, Neil Pederson and his team at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory have constructed an extensive climatic record, tracing patterns of drought and rainfall over hundreds to thousands of years. Their work is based on the principle that tree rings ____11____ annual growth conditions: larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought. In 2010, while investigating the effects of climate change over the past twenty years in Mongolia, the team ____12____ encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields. Although their ____13____ aim was to study the impact of climate change on wildfires in Mongolia’s forests, this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research. The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions in which the dead pines could remain ____14____ for centuries, offering the team another research project: creating a record of climate change by reading the pine-rings. As they were ____15____ for time, the researchers sampled just eighteen pines. Despite the limited samples, some of their cross sections, pieces of trunks made by cutting across them, ____16____ signs of great age. One Siberian pine alone contained nearly 800 rings, indicating eleven centuries of growth. The tree-ring record suggested that the site might have undergone unusually long environmental changes. Moreover, just by looking at the unusual ____17____ of these old trees — wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth, the researchers were able to identify their great age. To get records of wetness, the Pederson’s team cross-dated (交叉年代测定) the different trees and ____18____ patterns of large and small rings through time. They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections, gradually building a(n) ____19____ record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context. What began as a short field trip with a different research goal finally produced detailed data of Mongolia’s drought and rainfall periods over about 1,100 years, well beyond the region’s previous ____20____. 【答案】11. F 12. K 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. H 17. I 18. A 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过分析树木年轮研究蒙古地区千年气候变迁，意外发现古松树并获得可靠气候记录。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们的工作基于这样一个原理：年轮反映每年的生长条件：较大的年轮通常表示较湿润的时期，而较小的年轮则表明干旱。根据larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought可知，年轮反映每年的生长条件，reflect“反映”符合题意，主语rings为复数，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填F。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：2010年，当研究蒙古过去20年气候变化的影响时，研究小组在霍尔戈熔岩场意外地发现了一群松树。根据encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields可知，研究小组是意外地发现了一群松树，unexpectedly“意外地”符合题意，修饰动词encountered，应用副词形式。故填K。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然他们最初的目标是研究气候变化对蒙古森林野火的影响，但这一偶然的发现很快成为他们研究的焦点。根据this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research可知，研究气候变化对蒙古森林野火的影响是研究小组最初的目标，original“最初的”符合题意，修饰名词aim，应用形容词形式。故填B。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：该地区的火山地貌和恶劣的气候创造了条件，使死松树能够保存数百年，为研究小组提供了另一个研究项目：通过阅读松树年轮来记录气候变化。根据The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions可知，死松树能够保存数百年，preserved“保存”符合题意，remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语，preserved为preserve的形容词形式，表示“保存完好的”。故填C。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：由于时间紧迫，研究人员只对18棵松树进行了采样。根据sampled just eighteen pines可知，研究人员时间紧迫，pressed“紧迫的”符合题意，be pressed for time为固定短语，表示“时间紧迫”。故填D。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管样本有限，但他们的一些横截面，即通过横切树干制成的树干部件，显示出古老的迹象。根据signs of great age可知，一些横截面显示出古老的迹象，revealed“显示”符合题意，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填H。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，仅仅通过观察这些古树的不同寻常的形状——更宽的基部、蜿蜒的树干和再生的迹象，研究人员就能够确定它们的古老年龄。根据wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth可知，此处描述的是古树的不同寻常的形状，shapes“形状”符合题意，由wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth可知，应用名词复数形式。故填I。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了获得湿度记录，佩德森的研究小组对不同的树木进行了交叉年代测定，并匹配了不同时期大小年轮的模式。根据patterns of large and small rings through time可知，研究小组匹配了不同时期大小年轮的模式，matched“匹配”符合题意，由cross-dated可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，and连接并列的谓语动词matched和cross-dated。故填A。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们将新发现的样本与早期的收藏结合起来，逐渐建立了该地区树木年龄及其气候背景的可靠记录。根据They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections可知，研究小组建立了该地区树木年龄及其气候背景的可靠记录，reliable“可靠的”符合题意，修饰名词record，应用形容词形式。故填G。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：最初只是一次以不同研究目标为出发点的短期实地考察，最终产生了关于蒙古大约1100年来干旱和降雨时期的详细数据，远远超出了该地区以前的记录。根据上文record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context可知，此处指的是该地区以前的记录，records“记录”符合题意，由语境可知，应用名词复数形式。故填E。 IL Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A new artificial intelligence-powered stethoscope, a device that medical experts use to listen to sounds in the body such as a heartbeat, can detect three different heart conditions in 15 seconds. More than one million people across the UK are now affected by heart failure, a(n) ____21____ where the heart can’t make blood flow properly because of weak muscle function. One ____22____ is shortness of breath, but it is frequently ignored. As a result, 70% of people only have the condition ____23____ after they have been rushed to hospital. The new device, developed by a team at Imperial College London and the National Health Service, looks about the ____24____ of a playing card. Doctors put it on a patient’s chest and it records the electrical signals in the heart and listens to the sound of blood flowing through the organ. Then, this ____25____ is sent to an AI system. The system then ____26____ it against data from thousands of other people to see if there’s a problem, and the result is immediately sent to a smartphone. Scientists looked at what happened to patients whose doctors examined them with a(n) ____27____ stethoscope, and those whose doctors used the AI one. The study included more than 12,700 people at about 200 GP (全科医生) surgeries in north London over the course of a year. This study found that the AI stethoscope was able to detect ____28____ heart activity that a doctor might miss with a regular one. Patients ____29____ with the AI stethoscope were twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. The device was also 3.5 times more likely to find atrial fibrillation, namely an irregular heartbeat. It was also better at ____30____ whether one or more of a patient’s heart valves, which are like doors to the different sections in the heart and control blood flow, were not working properly. There are some problems to be solved, though. The AI stethoscope often told patients that they could be ____31____ heart failure when they weren’t. The researchers said that the ____32____ should only be used when GPs suspected that their patient had heart problems, and not for routine checks on healthy people. “This is an elegant example of how the ____33____ stethoscope, invented more than 200 years ago, can be upgraded for the 21st century,” said Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, from the British Heart Foundation charity. “We need ____34____ like these, providing early detection of heart failure.” ____35____, she said, the condition can be quite advanced by the time the patient goes to hospital feeling unwell. 21. A. situation B. disorder C. framework D. platform 22. A. figure B. role C. sign D. location 23. A. upgraded B. overlooked C. confirmed D. registered 24. A. value B. size C. symbol D. clue 25. A. information B. analysis C. sample D. card 26. A. compares B. protects C. balances D. exchanges 27. A. experimental B. virtual C. durable D. traditional 28. A. strong B. initial C. instant D. unusual 29. A. supported B. examined C. equipped D. defended 30. A. picking up B. turning down C. making for D. taking over 31. A. classifying B. experiencing C. measuring D. controlling 32. A. research B. solution C. section D. device 33. A. useless B. advanced C. humble D. remote 34. A. innovations B. suspicions C. evaluations D. conclusions 35. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Otherwise 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新型人工智能听诊器能快速检测心脏问题及使用情况、优势和局限。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国有超过100万人患有心力衰竭，这是一种由于心肌功能减弱导致心脏不能使血液正常流动的疾病。A. situation情况；B. disorder疾病，紊乱；C. framework框架；D. platform平台。根据后文“where the heart can’t make blood flow properly because of weak muscle function”可知，心力衰竭是身体病症，disorder特指身体机能紊乱性疾病。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一个症状就是呼吸急促，但该症状常常被人们忽视。 A. figure数字，人物；B. role角色，作用；C. sign征兆，症状；D. location位置。 结合后文“shortness of breath”可知，呼吸急促是心衰的外在病症表现，sign在此处表示疾病的症状。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，70%的人只有在被紧急送往医院后才被确诊患有这种疾病。A. upgraded升级；B. overlooked忽视；C. confirmed确认，证实；D. registered登记。根据前文“but it is frequently ignored”和“As a result”可知，前文提到早期症状被忽视，因此大多患者只能就医后才被确诊患病。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这款新设备由伦敦帝国理工学院和英国国家医疗服务体系的一个团队开发，大小约为一张扑克牌。A. value价值；B. size大小；C. symbol象征；D. clue线索。根据后文“of a playing card”可知，此处用来描述设备的外形大小，固定搭配the size of 表示“……的尺寸大小”。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，这些信息被发送到一个人工智能系统。A. information信息；B. analysis分析；C. sample样本；D. card卡片。根据前文“it records the electrical signals in the heart and listens to the sound of blood flowing through the organ”可知，设备会记录心脏电信号与血流声音，这些收集到的内容统称为医疗信息。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，该系统将其与数千名其他人的数据进行比较，以查看是否存在问题，结果会立即发送到智能手机上。A. compares比较；B. protects保护；C. balances平衡；D. exchanges交换。根据后文“against data from thousands of other people”可知，此处指将信息与其他人的数据进行比较，是AI系统的数据分析逻辑，固定搭配compare... against... 表示“将……与……作比对”。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家们观察了医生用传统听诊器检查的病人和医生用人工智能听诊器检查的病人发生了什么。A. experimental实验的；B. virtual虚拟的；C. durable耐用的；D. traditional传统的。根据后文“those whose doctors used the AI one”，“ with a regular one”和“stethoscope, invented more than 200 years ago”可知，此处指普通老式的常规听诊器，与新型AI设备形成对比。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项研究发现，人工智能听诊器能够检测到医生用普通听诊器可能会遗漏的不寻常的心脏活动。A. strong强壮的；B. initial最初的；C. instant立即的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据后文“that a doctor might miss with a regular one”可知，普通医生难以发现的是非常规、异常的心脏活动信号。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用人工智能听诊器检查的病人被发现心力衰竭的可能性是前者的两倍。A. supported支持；B. examined检查；C. equipped装备；D. defended防御。根据后文“with the AI stethoscope”可知，医患场景下，examine表示医生为病人做身体检查，此处指患者接受AI设备的检查。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它在检测患者的一个或多个心脏瓣膜（就像心脏不同部分的门，控制血液流动）是否工作不正常方面也更擅长。A. picking up检测到；B. turning down拒绝；C. making for走向，有助于；D. taking over接管。根据后文“whether one or more of a patient’s heart valves, which are like doors to the different sections in the heart and control blood flow, were not working properly”可知，此处指设备精准捕捉、察觉心脏瓣膜的病变问题。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能听诊器经常告诉病人他们可能正在经历心力衰竭，而实际上他们并没有。A. classifying分类；B. experiencing经历；C. measuring测量；D. controlling控制。根据后文“heart failure when they weren’t”可知，此处指经历心力衰竭，experience heart failure是常用表达，意为“患有心力衰竭”。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，该设备应仅在全科医生怀疑患者有心脏问题时使用，而不应用于对健康人的常规检查。A. research研究；B. solution解决方案；C. section部分；D. device设备。根据后文“should only be used when GPs suspected that their patient had heart problems”可知，全文核心介绍这款 AI 听诊器这一医疗设备，此处指上文提到的人工智能听诊器这个设备。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国心脏基金会的索尼娅·巴布-纳拉扬博士说：“这是一个优雅的例子，说明200多年前发明的简陋的听诊器如何能够升级到适合21世纪。”A. useless无用的；B. advanced先进的；C. humble简陋的，谦逊的；D. remote遥远的。根据后文“invented more than 200 years ago”可知，此处指代传统老式、构造简易的听诊器，与新型智能设备形成对比。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们需要这样的创新，以便尽早发现心力衰竭。A. innovations创新；B. suspicions怀疑；C. evaluations评估；D. conclusions结论。根据后文“providing early detection of heart failure”可知，此处指需要这样的创新，AI听诊器是医疗领域的新技术、新创新。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：否则，她说，当病人感到不适去医院时，病情可能已经相当严重了。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据后文“the condition can be quite advanced by the time the patient goes to hospital feeling unwell”可知，前后为反面假设关系，强调早筛查的必要性，否则就会错过最佳治疗时机。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) People’s noses get colder when they’re feeling stressed, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of Sussex, in England, looked at the temperature of people’s faces to see if it changed when they were nervous or under pressure. Professor Gillian Forrester, who studies brains and behaviour at the University of Sussex, led the study. She recorded 29 people with a thermal imaging camera (热成像仪) to see what happened when they were stressed. First, the volunteers listened to white noise (quiet background sound that sounds a bit like a waterfall) for five minutes to make them calm. Then they had to perform two tasks in front of a silent group of strangers. They had to give an unintended presentation and they had to do maths in their head and say their answers out loud. From the results of the study, it was found that people’s nose temperature drops by between 3°C and 6°C when they are under pressure. This is because the blood in their faces goes to their ears and eyes, which are important senses for detecting danger. The researchers were able to see change in blood flow on the thermal imaging camera because places that were warmer had more blood. Once the stress was over, the blood in people’s faces returned to where it usually was within a few minutes. Forrester said that the length of time it takes someone’s nose to recover its temperature could be a measure of how well they manage their stress. This would be useful to know. Forrester asked, “If they bounce back unusually slowly, could that be a risk marker of anxiety or depression?” Humans aren’t the only ones who could benefit from this knowledge. Stress also changes the blood flow in the faces of animals that are closely related to humans, such as apes. Researchers hope that thermal cameras could help them to look after rescued animals in ape shelters. “They can’t say how they’re feeling and they can be quite good at masking how they’re feeling.” said Marianne Paisley, who studies ape wellbeing at the University of Sussex. The temperature of an ape’s face could help people understand how they are feeling and how to make them feel better too. For example, the team has found that showing adult apes a video of baby apes calmed them down. When the adult animals watched the video on a screen, their noses slowly warmed up. 36. In Forrester’s study, what did the volunteers do before taking part in potentially stressful tasks? A. They solved some arithmetic problems mentally. B. They learned how to use a thermal imaging camera. C. They reached a calm state by listening to white noise. D. They gave an unprepared speech in front of strangers. 37. The underlined word “masking” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”. A. strengthening B. expressing C. hiding D. controlling 38. What does Forrester think of nose temperature recover y time? A. It may reflect stress management ability. B. It may have nothing to do with anxiety level. C. It may not be as useful as previously expected. D. It may help people to know better about animals. 39. Which of the following best summarises the passage? A. Researchers have found effective ways to reduce stress in humans and apes. B. Stress has a great influence on the blood temperature in human and ape faces. C. A new study shows nose temperature can be used to detect stress levels. D. Thermal cameras have been widely used to care for rescued apes in shelters. 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新研究发现人受压时鼻子会降温，压力结束后可快速恢复。鼻温恢复时长能反映抗压能力，该发现也可用于判断猿类情绪、照料保护动物。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“First, the volunteers listened to white noise (quiet background sound that sounds a bit like a waterfall) for five minutes to make them calm.(首先，志愿者们聆听了一段白噪音（一种类似瀑布般安静的背景声音），持续了五分钟，以帮助他们放松下来)”可知，在福雷斯特的研究中，志愿者在参与可能带来压力的任务之前，通过聆听白噪音进入了一种平静的状态。故选C。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“They can’t say how they’re feeling and they can be quite good at(它们无法表达自己的感受，而且它们在……方面很擅长)”可知，上文They指代的是动物，即动物无法诉说情绪，擅长隐藏感受，故划线词意思是“隐藏”。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Forrester said that the length of time it takes someone’s nose to recover its temperature could be a measure of how well they manage their stress.(福雷斯特表示，一个人的鼻子恢复原有温度所需的时间，可以作为衡量其应对压力能力的一个指标)”可知，福雷斯特认为鼻部温度恢复所需时间或许能反映个体的应激管理能力。故选A。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“People’s noses get colder when they’re feeling stressed, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of Sussex, in England, looked at the temperature of people’s faces to see if it changed when they were nervous or under pressure.(一项新研究表明，人在感到紧张时，鼻子会变冷。来自英国萨塞克斯大学的研究人员通过观察人们的面部温度，来探究他们在紧张或面临压力时面部温度是否会发生变化)”结合文章主要说明了一项新研究发现人受压时鼻子会降温，压力结束后可快速恢复。鼻温恢复时长能反映抗压能力，该发现也可用于判断猿类情绪、照料保护动物。可知，文章主要说明了一项新的研究表明，鼻部温度可以用来检测压力水平。故选C。 (B) A YEAR OF NO BEER Here’s what to expect when you go dry THE FIRST 24 HOURS Depending on how much you typically drink, this might just feel like a day off the alcohol, or it might get you in a bad mood and disturb your sleep. If you’re dependent on alcohol you might show withdrawal signs like dizziness and headaches — so this can be the toughest period to get through. THE FIRST FEW DAYS Though you’re likely to be easily annoyed, your sleep quality will improve. From three days to a week, you might start to experience improved digestion, as well as increased energy and skin clarity from improved water intake. Remember to drink enough water during this period. THE FIRST WEEKS This is where changes become noticeable. You might lose weight and see improved sleep quality, but it’s also where your body really begins the process of repair. Studies suggest that in heavy drinkers, the liver and gut (肝脏和肠道) functions start to repair themselves after three weeks. THE FIRST MONTH A full month can see a significant reduction in cardiovascular (心血管的) risk factors and cancer-related growth factors, while moderate to heavy drinkers showed improved insulin (胰岛素) resistance and blood pressure, alongside positive changes in weight. Keep up the good work! THE FIRST FEW MONTHS These markers all continue to improve, but you might also notice other improvements. Several months away from alcohol allows the brain to repair itself, even in heavy drinkers. A YEAR OR MORE Quit drinking for the long term, and you can see huge benefits-one small Korean study found that “former drinkers did not show significantly worse health than people who, at baseline, were lifetime non-drinkers.” It’s not for everyone, but it can be a worthwhile change. 40. What can occur during the first day of quitting drinking? A. Weight loss may begin. B. Discomfort may appear. C. A strong desire to drink returns. D. The brain begins to repair itself. 41. When do organs affected by alcohol use begin to recover after people stop drinking? A. Within the first 24 hours. B. During the first few days. C. After a full year. D. After about three weeks. 42. According to the passage, what is a possible long-term outcome of giving up alcohol? A. Earlier physical damage exists but becomes less noticeable. B. Mental well-being improves more than physical well-being. C. The process of physical recovery becomes slower but steadier. D. Overall health becomes similar to that of people who never drink. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了戒酒后不同时间段身体和心理可能发生的变化及长期戒酒的益处。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据THE FIRST 24 HOURS部分“Depending on how much you typically drink, this might just feel like a day off the alcohol, or it might get you in a bad mood and disturb your sleep. If you’re dependent on alcohol you might show withdrawal signs like dizziness and headaches-so this can be the toughest period to get through. (根据你平时的饮酒量，这可能只是像戒酒一天，或者可能会让你心情不好，扰乱你的睡眠。如果你对酒精有依赖，可能会出现头晕、头痛等戒断症状，所以这可能是最难熬的时期。)”可知，戒酒第一天可能会出现不适。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据THE FIRST WEEKS部分“Studies suggest that in heavy drinkers, the liver and gut (肝脏和肠道) functions start to repair themselves after three weeks. (研究表明，对于酗酒者来说，肝脏和肠道功能在三周后开始自我修复。)”可知，受酒精影响的器官在人们戒酒后大约三周开始恢复。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据A YEAR OR MORE部分“Quit drinking for the long term, and you can see huge benefits-one small Korean study found that “former drinkers did not show significantly worse health than people who, at baseline, were lifetime non-drinkers.”(长期戒酒，你会看到巨大的好处——韩国的一项小型研究发现，“曾经饮酒的人的健康状况并不比那些从一开始就终身不饮酒的人差多少。”)”可知，戒酒的长期结果可能是整体健康状况与从不饮酒的人相似。故选D。 (C) Things rarely stay neat on their own. If you leave your desk untouched for a week, papers begin to pile up, dust gathers, and objects end up in the wrong places. It is the same with a room, a container, and even the vast universe. In nature, systems tend to move from order to disorder unless external energy is used to maintain them. This physical phenomenon is described by the second law of thermodynamics (热力学), which states that entropy — a measure of disorder — tends to increase over time. To understand this idea, imagine a box divided into two sections, filled with gas particles (粒子) moving at different speeds. Normally, these particles mix freely, and the system becomes more disordered. James Clerk Maxwell, a physicist in the 19th century, imagined a clever thought experiment to reverse particles’ increasing disorder. He described a “demon”, a tiny, intelligent being, that could observe each particle and open or close a small door between the two sections. By allowing only fast particles to pass in one direction and slow ones in the other, the being — Maxwell’s “demon” — could gradually separate them, creating order without using energy. If order could increase without any cost, this apparently contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. For many years, this puzzled scientists and led to debates about whether the law was truly universal. They wondered whether there existed other factors like information that could serve as “that Maxwell’s demon” in physical reality. The researchers at the University of Maryland, therefore, generated a model. Their model described a device that could effectively separate particles and reduce disorder in one part of a system. Crucially, however, the device did not break the second law. Instead of using external energy, it relied on encoded information to track and control particle behavior. In doing so, the encoded information moved disorder from the physical system into its own memory storage. As researcher Dibyendu Mandal explains, the apparent gain in order is balanced by increased disorder elsewhere, preserving the overall balance demanded by thermodynamics. This insight shows that information is closely linked to physical processes. It is not just an abstract concept but something that has real effects in the world. Although machines based on this principle are unlikely to produce large amounts of energy, they may still have practical uses. For example, they could help scientists control particles more precisely in experiments or improve techniques used in medicine. What began as a simple thought experiment has thus deepened our understanding of how order, energy, and information are connected. 43. The author describes a messy desk at the beginning of the passage to ________. A. use a familiar example to illustrate a scientific principle B. question whether disorder is in most cases unavoidable C. suggest that daily habits might influence scientific thinking D. compare various forms of human behavior in some contexts 44. According to the passage, what must Maxwell’s “demon” do in order to sort particles? A. Increase the speed of selected particles. B. Apply external energy to separate particles. C. Prevent particles from moving between sections. D. Observe and record information about the particles. 45. What can be inferred about the role of information in the system described? A. It replaces energy as the main factor in physical change. B. It allows the system to operate without any cost in the process. C. It has real effects in shifting disorder to another part of the system. D. It matters most when large amounts of data are processed in practice. 46. Which statement best reflects the author’s view of the second law of thermodynamics? A. Maxwell’s thought experiment reveals its limitations. B. It remains correct despite the earlier puzzling supposition. C. It applies better to large-scale systems such as the universe. D. Intelligent control causes it to break down in complex systems. 【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以日常无序现象引入热力学第二定律，介绍麦克斯韦妖思想实验，借科研模型说明信息可转移无序，印证定律成立，揭示有序、能量与信息的关联。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Things rarely stay neat on their own. If you leave your desk untouched for a week, papers begin to pile up, dust gathers, and objects end up in the wrong places. It is the same with a room, a container, and even the vast universe. In nature, systems tend to move from order to disorder unless external energy is used to maintain them. This physical phenomenon is described by the second law of thermodynamics (热力学), which states that entropy — a measure of disorder — tends to increase over time.(事物很少能保持整齐有序的状态。如果你一周都不动用自己的办公桌，文件就会堆积起来，灰尘也会积聚，物品也会乱放错位。房间、容器乃至整个宇宙也是如此。在自然界中，系统往往会从有序状态转变为无序状态，除非有外部能量来维持其状态。这种物理现象由热力学第二定律来描述，该定律指出，熵（衡量无序程度的指标）会随着时间的推移而增加)”可知，作者在文章开头描述了一张凌乱的书桌，其目的是用一个常见的例子来说明一个科学原理。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“He described a “demon”, a tiny, intelligent being, that could observe each particle and open or close a small door between the two sections. By allowing only fast particles to pass in one direction and slow ones in the other, the being — Maxwell’s “demon” — could gradually separate them, creating order without using energy.(他描述了一个‘恶魔’——一种小巧而聪明的生物，它能够观察每一个粒子，并在两个区域之间开启或关闭一个小小的门。通过只让高速粒子从一个方向通过，而让低速粒子从另一个方向通过，这个生物——麦克斯韦的‘恶魔’——就能逐渐将它们分开，从而创造出秩序，而无需消耗能量)”可知，麦克斯韦妖需要观察粒子、筛选分类，依靠观测信息分选粒子。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In doing so, the encoded information moved disorder from the physical system into its own memory storage.(通过这种方式，编码后的信息从物理系统中的‘混乱’被转移到了其自身的记忆存储中)”可知，信息能将无序转移到系统其他地方，维持整体平衡，故选C。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“If order could increase without any cost, this apparently contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. For many years, this puzzled scientists and led to debates about whether the law was truly universal. They wondered whether there existed other factors like information that could serve as “that Maxwell’s demon” in physical reality.(如果秩序能够无代价地持续增加，这显然与热力学第二定律相矛盾。多年来，这一现象一直困扰着科学家，并引发了关于该定律是否真正具有普遍性的争论。他们思考是否存在其他类似信息这样的因素，能够在实际物理中充当‘麦克斯韦的恶魔’那样的角色)”以及第四段“Crucially, however, the device did not break the second law.(然而，至关重要的是，该设备并未违反第二定律)”可知，作者认为热力学第二定律尽管之前存在令人困惑的假设，但它仍然成立。故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It’s easier to cheat when you can blame AI People are more likely to cheat when they assign a task to artificial intelligence instead of doing it themselves, suggests a new study. To explore whether and under what circumstances AI supports dishonest behavior, researchers conducted an experiment. Participants were shown 10 die rolls (掷骰子) on a computer screen and told to report the numbers. The higher the numbers rolled, the more money they would earn. ____47____ The researchers found that when participants self-reported the numbers, they were honest about 95% of the time. But when participants instructed AI to report the numbers, they were more likely to cheat by phrasing their prompts (提示) in a way that would help them maximize their profits. ____48____ Only 12% of the participants in this group chose to tell the algorithm (计算程序) to maximize accuracy while 29% told the algorithm to maximize profit. The rest set a goal for AI that was somewhere in between. Psychological research suggests that when people cheat they often don’t do it to the fullest extent possible. This explains why more participants prompted the AI to do something in between maximizing accuracy and maximizing profit. ____49____ Previous research suggests people may justify dishonest behavior by shifting responsibility to others-in this case, an AI, the researchers said. For the researchers, the take-away is that AI makes it easier to avoid taking responsibility for moral mistakes, a problem they believe is likely to become more common. ____50____ That, says Nils Köbis, a professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany, is definitely “a silver lining”, that is, there is always something better we could do in a bad situation. A. How come people turn to AI for a higher profit? B. In one group, for example, participants could choose to tell AI to “maximize accuracy”, “maximize profit” or do something in between. C. “Maximize profit” is obviously a better option than “maximize accuracy.” D. Their research suggests giving people an option to do the task themselves, rather than hand it over to AI, may help them be more honest. E. They were then randomly assigned to either report the die-roll numbers themselves or instruct an AI agent to do it for them. F. Why does AI make cheating easier overall? 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究表明，当人们将任务交给人工智能而不是自己完成时，他们更有可能作弊，并探讨了其原因。 【47题详解】 由上文“Participants were shown 10 die rolls (掷骰子) on a computer screen and told to report the numbers. The higher the numbers rolled, the more money they would earn.(参与者被要求在电脑屏幕上观看10次掷骰子，并报告骰子上的数字。骰子上的数字越大，他们赚的钱就越多。)”及下文“The researchers found that when participants self-reported the numbers, they were honest about 95% of the time.(研究人员发现，当参与者自己报告数字时，他们95%的时间都是诚实的。)”可知，上文说明了实验内容，下文说明了参与者自己报告数字的情况，空格处应介绍实验分组安排。E选项“They were then randomly assigned to either report the die-roll numbers themselves or instruct an AI agent to do it for them.(然后，他们被随机分配自己报告骰子上的数字，或者指示一个人工智能代理为他们报告。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 【48题详解】 由上文“But when participants instructed AI to report the numbers, they were more likely to cheat by phrasing their prompts (提示) in a way that would help them maximize their profits.(但是，当参与者指示人工智能报告数字时，他们更有可能通过以一种有助于他们实现利润最大化的方式来表述提示来作弊。)”及下文“Only 12% of the participants in this group chose to tell the algorithm (计算程序) to maximize accuracy while 29% told the algorithm to maximize profit.(在这个小组中，只有12%的参与者选择告诉算法最大化准确性，而29%的参与者告诉算法最大化利润。)”可知，上文说明了参与者指示人工智能报告数字时更有可能作弊，下文说明了参与者对人工智能的不同指示，本空应说明参与者对人工智能的不同指示内容，B选项“In one group, for example, participants could choose to tell AI to “maximize accuracy”, “maximize profit” or do something in between.(例如，在一组中，参与者可以选择告诉人工智能“最大化准确性”、“最大化利润”或介于两者之间的某种做法。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 由下文“Previous research suggests people may justify dishonest behavior by shifting responsibility to others-in this case, an AI, the researchers said.(过往研究表明，人们会通过推卸责任给他人来为不诚信行为辩解，此处便是推卸给人工智能。)”可知，下文在解释AI 更容易助长作弊的原因，F选项“Why does AI make cheating easier overall?(为什么人工智能总体上使作弊更容易？)”提出问题，引出下文原因分析，符合语境。故选F。 【50题详解】 由上文“For the researchers, the take-away is that AI makes it easier to avoid taking responsibility for moral mistakes, a problem they believe is likely to become more common.(对于研究人员来说，关键在于人工智能让人们更容易逃避对道德错误的责任，他们认为这个问题可能会变得更加普遍。)”及下文“That, says Nils Köbis, a professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany, is definitely “a silver lining”, that is, there is always something better we could do in a bad situation.(德国杜伊斯堡-埃森大学的教授尼尔斯·科比斯说，这绝对是“一线希望”，也就是说，在糟糕的情况下，我们总可以做得更好。)”可知，上文说明了人工智能让人们更容易逃避对道德错误的责任，下文说明了一线希望，本空应说明改善该问题的可行办法，D选项“Their research suggests giving people an option to do the task themselves, rather than hand it over to AI, may help them be more honest.(他们的研究表明，给人们一个选择自己完成任务而不是交给人工智能的选项，可能会帮助他们更诚实。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Stepping into the story When you walk into a conventional theater, you usually find your seat and quietly watch the actors on stage. But in immersive (沉浸式的) theater, you become part of the action. Instead of sitting back, the audience moves around the performance space, often following characters or exploring different rooms. This isn’t just watching a play — it’s stepping into a whole new world. The line between actor and audience becomes less distinct. Every element of the environment — from lighting and sound to smells — is used to absorb the audience into the story. The sense of magic is lost unless each element feels connected to the story. This dynamic style of theater has deep roots. Ancient Greek plays, for example, used open theaters that let the audience feel closer to the action. During the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期), Commedia dell’ arte performers interacted with the crowd using humor and on-the-spot performance. Over time, these early forms have evolved into today’s immersive theater performances, many using digital elements. The famous group Punchdrunk helped bring immersive theater into the spotlight. Their shows, such as Sleep No More, a retelling of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, often take place in empty buildings transformed into carefully designed sets. Audience members wear masks and wander freely, piecing together the story from different scenes. Each person’s experience is unique, and that sense of autonomy adds to the magic. Immersive theater is also used in education. UK schools have hosted immersive storytelling projects, reporting increased student engagement and creativity. In the project The Lost Lending Library, children enter a magical library and write stories to help save the books inside. Teachers reported that even reluctant writers became eager to participate, and children’s confidence improved. By giving people agency in the story, immersive theater helps them see themselves as capable, creative and curious. In a world full of screens, it offers something truly extraordinary — the chance to live the story. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Immersive theatre lets the audience take part in the performance and be fully absorbed in the story. Having early origins, it has developed into modern forms with technology. It gains fame with the help of Punchdrunk, which is now applied to education. By granting people agency in the story, it offers an extraordinary real-life experience in a digital age. (59) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沉浸式戏剧的特点、历史渊源、代表团体及应用，它让观众融入故事，还被用于教育并带来积极效果。 【详解】文章采用的论述方式是：先概括沉浸式戏剧的特点与发展，再说明文章用对比、举例的方法展开，最后讲其教育价值。 1.要点摘录 ①But in immersive theater, you become part of the action. ②Every element of the environment — from lighting and sound to smells — is used to absorb the audience into the story. ③This dynamic style of theater has deep roots. ④Over time, these early forms have evolved into today’s immersive theater performances, many using digital elements. ⑤The famous group Punchdrunk helped bring immersive theater into the spotlight. ⑥Immersive theater is also used in education. ⑦By giving people agency in the story, immersive theater helps them see themselves as capable, creative and curious. ⑧In a world full of screens, it offers something truly extraordinary — the chance to live the story. 2.缜密构思 将①②整合说明沉浸式戏剧的特点；将③④整合介绍其起源和发展；将⑤⑥整合介绍其推广和教育应用；将⑦⑧整合介绍其意义。 3.遣词造句 Immersive theatre lets the audience take part in the performance and be fully absorbed in the story. Having early origins, it has developed into modern forms with technology. It gains fame with the help of Punchdrunk, which is now applied to education. By granting people agency in the story, it offers an extraordinary real-life experience in a digital age. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Having early origins, it has developed into modern forms with technology.（运用一个语法较为高级的句子对第三段高度概括，其中“Having early origins”为现在分词作状语。） [高分句型2]It gains fame with the help of Punchdrunk, which is now applied to education.（运用一个较为复杂的句子对第四段和第五段进行了概括，其中which引导非限制性定语从句。） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 邻家小男孩每天练习拉小提琴，十分勤奋。(practice) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The little boy next door practices playing the violin every day and is very diligent. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“邻家小男孩”用the little boy next door，作句子主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“练习做某事”用practice doing sth.；表示“拉小提琴”用play the violin，用动名词，作宾语。表示“每天”用every day，本句描述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式practices；表示“十分勤奋”用be very diligent，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故翻译为The little boy next door practices playing the violin every day and is very diligent. 53. 与其不假思索就仓促执行，不如事先仔细做好任务规划。(better) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is better to carefully plan the task in advance than to rush into action without thinking. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“与其……不如……”用固定句型it is better to do...than to do...结构，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语；表示“仓促执行”用rush into action；表示“事先仔细做好任务规划”用carefully plan the task in advance，其中in advance表示“事先”为固定短语。故翻译为It is better to carefully plan the task in advance than to rush into action without thinking. 54. 随着春天的到来，这些饱受困苦的鹿再次向北迁徙，将狼群与森林抛在身后。（head）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the arrival of spring, these deer that have suffered a lot head north again, leaving the wolves and the forest behind. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和定语从句。表示“随着春天的到来”用with the arrival of spring，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“这些鹿”用these deer，表示“饱受困苦的”用that引导定语从句，修饰先行词deer，that在从句中作主语，表示“饱受困苦”用动词短语suffer a lot，从句描述过去的情况对现在有影响，使用现在完成时，即these deer that have suffered a lot，表示“再次”用again，表示“向北迁徙”用head north，主句描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，主语为deer，为复数名词，故谓语head用原形形式。表示“将狼群与森林抛在身后”用leave the wolves and the forest behind，结合语意可知，这是鹿迁徙产生的自然而然的结果，所以动词leave使用现在分词形式作结果状语。故翻译为With the arrival of spring, these deer that have suffered a lot head north again, leaving the wolves and the forest behind. 55. 这些陆地上的冰连同海冰，将太阳辐射反射出地表，以此保护我们的星球，防止其出现过热的状况。(together with) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The land ice, together with sea ice, reflects solar radiation away from the Earth’s surface, protecting our planet and preventing it from overheating. 【解析】 【详解】考查together with的用法、非谓语动词和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；表示“这些陆地上的冰”用the land ice，作句子的主语；表示“连同”用together with，引导介词短语，连接并列主语，用“就前原则”；表示“海冰”用 sea ice，是together with的宾语；表示“将太阳辐射反射出地表”用reflect solar radiation away from the Earth’s surface，reflect作谓语，结合“就前原则”即the land ice决定谓语动词的数，reflect用第三人称单数形式 reflects；表示“以此保护我们的星球，防止其出现过热的状况”用现在分词短语protecting our planet and preventing it from overheating，作结果状语，说明反射辐射带来的自然结果。 故翻译为：The land ice, together with sea ice, reflects solar radiation away from the Earth’s surface, protecting our planet and preventing it from overheating. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生王华，你校英语报正开展“我与他人的距离”主题征文活动，鼓励同学们思考人与人之间的关系。给校英语报投稿，内容须包括： (1)你对“人与人之间距离”的理解(可以是心理上的、情感上的等)； (2)举一个你亲身经历或观察到的事例； (3)你从中获得的认识或启示。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Distance Between Us In my view, the distance between people is not just physical but also psychological and emotional. It reflects how we perceive and interact with each other, shaping our relationships and experiences. I once noticed a new student in my class who always sat alone during breaks. Initially, there was a clear psychological distance between us due to unfamiliarity. However, one day, I approached him and started a conversation. Gradually, we became friends, and the emotional distance vanished. This change not only enriched my school life but also taught me the importance of empathy in reducing the distance between people. This experience taught me that distance can be bridged through simple acts of kindness and communication. By reaching out, we can break down barriers and foster deeper connections. Let’s cherish every opportunity to shorten the distance between us and create a more harmonious community. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，谈谈自己对“人与人之间距离”的理解，举一个自己亲身经历或观察到的事例，并介绍自己从中获得的认识或启示，给校英语报投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 由于：due to → on account of 障碍：barrier → obstacle 培养：foster → cultivate 珍惜：cherish → treasure 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：In my view, the distance between people is not just physical but also psychological and emotional. It reflects how we perceive and interact with each other, shaping our relationships and experiences. 拓展句：In my view, the distance between people is not just physical but also psychological and emotional, which reflects how we perceive and interact with each other, shaping our relationships and experiences. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It reflects how we perceive and interact with each other, shaping our relationships and experiences.(运用了how引导的宾语从句，现在分词短语作状语) 【高分句型2】I once noticed a new student in my class who always sat alone during breaks.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第二学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 (考试时间105分钟;满分115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Blue zones Everyone wants to live a long, healthy life, and so it’s no surprise that researchers are looking into ways to make that happen. One approach is to study areas in which people have longer-than-average lives known as blue zones and see ___1___ these communities do to promote long life. Dan Buettner’s book The Blue Zones introduced the concept of blue zones — five regions spread out across three continents ___2___ people live unusually long and healthy lives. In one early phase of their research, researchers identified these places and marked ___3___ on a map with blue circles, which inspired the term blue zones. After identifying the blue zones, Buettner investigated their cultures, ___4___ (seek) insight into why their people are so healthy and long-lived. His team identified nine common lifestyle practices known as the “Power 9,” which create supportive environments that improve physical, mental and emotional health. ___5___ the details varied, a common feature in the diets of people in blue zones is that they follow primarily plant-based diets. Those who eat meat typically only do so four or five times a month. They also typically either fast regularly or limit the amount they eat. Additionally, they drink wine ___6___ moderation. Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. Instead, activity ___8___ (build) into daily life as they walk from place to place and do housework such as gardening and cleaning. Many families in blue zones live in homes where multiple generations reside together. This arrangement provides emotional and practical support for both the old and the young. And these communities are organized in a way that enables people ___9___ (find) social support beyond their biological family. In these tight-knit communities, the residents often look out for each other, which in turn ____10____ (strengthen) the social bonds that are essential for a long and healthy life. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. matched B. original C. preserved D. pressed E. records F. reflect G. reliable H. revealed I. shapes J. subsequently K. unexpectedly Reading the trees By analysing variations in tree rings across forests worldwide, Neil Pederson and his team at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory have constructed an extensive climatic record, tracing patterns of drought and rainfall over hundreds to thousands of years. Their work is based on the principle that tree rings ____11____ annual growth conditions: larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought. In 2010, while investigating the effects of climate change over the past twenty years in Mongolia, the team ____12____ encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields. Although their ____13____ aim was to study the impact of climate change on wildfires in Mongolia’s forests, this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research. The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions in which the dead pines could remain ____14____ for centuries, offering the team another research project: creating a record of climate change by reading the pine-rings. As they were ____15____ for time, the researchers sampled just eighteen pines. Despite the limited samples, some of their cross sections, pieces of trunks made by cutting across them, ____16____ signs of great age. One Siberian pine alone contained nearly 800 rings, indicating eleven centuries of growth. The tree-ring record suggested that the site might have undergone unusually long environmental changes. Moreover, just by looking at the unusual ____17____ of these old trees — wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth, the researchers were able to identify their great age. To get records of wetness, the Pederson’s team cross-dated (交叉年代测定) the different trees and ____18____ patterns of large and small rings through time. They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections, gradually building a(n) ____19____ record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context. What began as a short field trip with a different research goal finally produced detailed data of Mongolia’s drought and rainfall periods over about 1,100 years, well beyond the region’s previous ____20____. IL Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A new artificial intelligence-powered stethoscope, a device that medical experts use to listen to sounds in the body such as a heartbeat, can detect three different heart conditions in 15 seconds. More than one million people across the UK are now affected by heart failure, a(n) ____21____ where the heart can’t make blood flow properly because of weak muscle function. One ____22____ is shortness of breath, but it is frequently ignored. As a result, 70% of people only have the condition ____23____ after they have been rushed to hospital. The new device, developed by a team at Imperial College London and the National Health Service, looks about the ____24____ of a playing card. Doctors put it on a patient’s chest and it records the electrical signals in the heart and listens to the sound of blood flowing through the organ. Then, this ____25____ is sent to an AI system. The system then ____26____ it against data from thousands of other people to see if there’s a problem, and the result is immediately sent to a smartphone. Scientists looked at what happened to patients whose doctors examined them with a(n) ____27____ stethoscope, and those whose doctors used the AI one. The study included more than 12,700 people at about 200 GP (全科医生) surgeries in north London over the course of a year. This study found that the AI stethoscope was able to detect ____28____ heart activity that a doctor might miss with a regular one. Patients ____29____ with the AI stethoscope were twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. The device was also 3.5 times more likely to find atrial fibrillation, namely an irregular heartbeat. It was also better at ____30____ whether one or more of a patient’s heart valves, which are like doors to the different sections in the heart and control blood flow, were not working properly. There are some problems to be solved, though. The AI stethoscope often told patients that they could be ____31____ heart failure when they weren’t. The researchers said that the ____32____ should only be used when GPs suspected that their patient had heart problems, and not for routine checks on healthy people. “This is an elegant example of how the ____33____ stethoscope, invented more than 200 years ago, can be upgraded for the 21st century,” said Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, from the British Heart Foundation charity. “We need ____34____ like these, providing early detection of heart failure.” ____35____, she said, the condition can be quite advanced by the time the patient goes to hospital feeling unwell. 21. A. situation B. disorder C. framework D. platform 22. A. figure B. role C. sign D. location 23. A. upgraded B. overlooked C. confirmed D. registered 24. A. value B. size C. symbol D. clue 25. A. information B. analysis C. sample D. card 26. A. compares B. protects C. balances D. exchanges 27. A. experimental B. virtual C. durable D. traditional 28. A. strong B. initial C. instant D. unusual 29. A. supported B. examined C. equipped D. defended 30. A. picking up B. turning down C. making for D. taking over 31. A. classifying B. experiencing C. measuring D. controlling 32. A. research B. solution C. section D. device 33. A. useless B. advanced C. humble D. remote 34. A. innovations B. suspicions C. evaluations D. conclusions 35. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Otherwise Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) People’s noses get colder when they’re feeling stressed, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of Sussex, in England, looked at the temperature of people’s faces to see if it changed when they were nervous or under pressure. Professor Gillian Forrester, who studies brains and behaviour at the University of Sussex, led the study. She recorded 29 people with a thermal imaging camera (热成像仪) to see what happened when they were stressed. First, the volunteers listened to white noise (quiet background sound that sounds a bit like a waterfall) for five minutes to make them calm. Then they had to perform two tasks in front of a silent group of strangers. They had to give an unintended presentation and they had to do maths in their head and say their answers out loud. From the results of the study, it was found that people’s nose temperature drops by between 3°C and 6°C when they are under pressure. This is because the blood in their faces goes to their ears and eyes, which are important senses for detecting danger. The researchers were able to see change in blood flow on the thermal imaging camera because places that were warmer had more blood. Once the stress was over, the blood in people’s faces returned to where it usually was within a few minutes. Forrester said that the length of time it takes someone’s nose to recover its temperature could be a measure of how well they manage their stress. This would be useful to know. Forrester asked, “If they bounce back unusually slowly, could that be a risk marker of anxiety or depression?” Humans aren’t the only ones who could benefit from this knowledge. Stress also changes the blood flow in the faces of animals that are closely related to humans, such as apes. Researchers hope that thermal cameras could help them to look after rescued animals in ape shelters. “They can’t say how they’re feeling and they can be quite good at masking how they’re feeling.” said Marianne Paisley, who studies ape wellbeing at the University of Sussex. The temperature of an ape’s face could help people understand how they are feeling and how to make them feel better too. For example, the team has found that showing adult apes a video of baby apes calmed them down. When the adult animals watched the video on a screen, their noses slowly warmed up. 36. In Forrester’s study, what did the volunteers do before taking part in potentially stressful tasks? A. They solved some arithmetic problems mentally. B. They learned how to use a thermal imaging camera. C. They reached a calm state by listening to white noise. D. They gave an unprepared speech in front of strangers. 37. The underlined word “masking” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”. A. strengthening B. expressing C. hiding D. controlling 38. What does Forrester think of nose temperature recover y time? A. It may reflect stress management ability. B. It may have nothing to do with anxiety level. C. It may not be as useful as previously expected. D. It may help people to know better about animals. 39. Which of the following best summarises the passage? A. Researchers have found effective ways to reduce stress in humans and apes. B. Stress has a great influence on the blood temperature in human and ape faces. C. A new study shows nose temperature can be used to detect stress levels. D. Thermal cameras have been widely used to care for rescued apes in shelters. (B) A YEAR OF NO BEER Here’s what to expect when you go dry THE FIRST 24 HOURS Depending on how much you typically drink, this might just feel like a day off the alcohol, or it might get you in a bad mood and disturb your sleep. If you’re dependent on alcohol you might show withdrawal signs like dizziness and headaches — so this can be the toughest period to get through. THE FIRST FEW DAYS Though you’re likely to be easily annoyed, your sleep quality will improve. From three days to a week, you might start to experience improved digestion, as well as increased energy and skin clarity from improved water intake. Remember to drink enough water during this period. THE FIRST WEEKS This is where changes become noticeable. You might lose weight and see improved sleep quality, but it’s also where your body really begins the process of repair. Studies suggest that in heavy drinkers, the liver and gut (肝脏和肠道) functions start to repair themselves after three weeks. THE FIRST MONTH A full month can see a significant reduction in cardiovascular (心血管的) risk factors and cancer-related growth factors, while moderate to heavy drinkers showed improved insulin (胰岛素) resistance and blood pressure, alongside positive changes in weight. Keep up the good work! THE FIRST FEW MONTHS These markers all continue to improve, but you might also notice other improvements. Several months away from alcohol allows the brain to repair itself, even in heavy drinkers. A YEAR OR MORE Quit drinking for the long term, and you can see huge benefits-one small Korean study found that “former drinkers did not show significantly worse health than people who, at baseline, were lifetime non-drinkers.” It’s not for everyone, but it can be a worthwhile change. 40. What can occur during the first day of quitting drinking? A. Weight loss may begin. B. Discomfort may appear. C. A strong desire to drink returns. D. The brain begins to repair itself. 41. When do organs affected by alcohol use begin to recover after people stop drinking? A. Within the first 24 hours. B. During the first few days. C. After a full year. D. After about three weeks. 42. According to the passage, what is a possible long-term outcome of giving up alcohol? A. Earlier physical damage exists but becomes less noticeable. B. Mental well-being improves more than physical well-being. C. The process of physical recovery becomes slower but steadier. D. Overall health becomes similar to that of people who never drink. (C) Things rarely stay neat on their own. If you leave your desk untouched for a week, papers begin to pile up, dust gathers, and objects end up in the wrong places. It is the same with a room, a container, and even the vast universe. In nature, systems tend to move from order to disorder unless external energy is used to maintain them. This physical phenomenon is described by the second law of thermodynamics (热力学), which states that entropy — a measure of disorder — tends to increase over time. To understand this idea, imagine a box divided into two sections, filled with gas particles (粒子) moving at different speeds. Normally, these particles mix freely, and the system becomes more disordered. James Clerk Maxwell, a physicist in the 19th century, imagined a clever thought experiment to reverse particles’ increasing disorder. He described a “demon”, a tiny, intelligent being, that could observe each particle and open or close a small door between the two sections. By allowing only fast particles to pass in one direction and slow ones in the other, the being — Maxwell’s “demon” — could gradually separate them, creating order without using energy. If order could increase without any cost, this apparently contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. For many years, this puzzled scientists and led to debates about whether the law was truly universal. They wondered whether there existed other factors like information that could serve as “that Maxwell’s demon” in physical reality. The researchers at the University of Maryland, therefore, generated a model. Their model described a device that could effectively separate particles and reduce disorder in one part of a system. Crucially, however, the device did not break the second law. Instead of using external energy, it relied on encoded information to track and control particle behavior. In doing so, the encoded information moved disorder from the physical system into its own memory storage. As researcher Dibyendu Mandal explains, the apparent gain in order is balanced by increased disorder elsewhere, preserving the overall balance demanded by thermodynamics. This insight shows that information is closely linked to physical processes. It is not just an abstract concept but something that has real effects in the world. Although machines based on this principle are unlikely to produce large amounts of energy, they may still have practical uses. For example, they could help scientists control particles more precisely in experiments or improve techniques used in medicine. What began as a simple thought experiment has thus deepened our understanding of how order, energy, and information are connected. 43. The author describes a messy desk at the beginning of the passage to ________. A. use a familiar example to illustrate a scientific principle B. question whether disorder is in most cases unavoidable C. suggest that daily habits might influence scientific thinking D. compare various forms of human behavior in some contexts 44. According to the passage, what must Maxwell’s “demon” do in order to sort particles? A. Increase the speed of selected particles. B. Apply external energy to separate particles. C. Prevent particles from moving between sections. D. Observe and record information about the particles. 45. What can be inferred about the role of information in the system described? A. It replaces energy as the main factor in physical change. B. It allows the system to operate without any cost in the process. C. It has real effects in shifting disorder to another part of the system. D. It matters most when large amounts of data are processed in practice. 46. Which statement best reflects the author’s view of the second law of thermodynamics? A. Maxwell’s thought experiment reveals its limitations. B. It remains correct despite the earlier puzzling supposition. C. It applies better to large-scale systems such as the universe. D. Intelligent control causes it to break down in complex systems. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It’s easier to cheat when you can blame AI People are more likely to cheat when they assign a task to artificial intelligence instead of doing it themselves, suggests a new study. To explore whether and under what circumstances AI supports dishonest behavior, researchers conducted an experiment. Participants were shown 10 die rolls (掷骰子) on a computer screen and told to report the numbers. The higher the numbers rolled, the more money they would earn. ____47____ The researchers found that when participants self-reported the numbers, they were honest about 95% of the time. But when participants instructed AI to report the numbers, they were more likely to cheat by phrasing their prompts (提示) in a way that would help them maximize their profits. ____48____ Only 12% of the participants in this group chose to tell the algorithm (计算程序) to maximize accuracy while 29% told the algorithm to maximize profit. The rest set a goal for AI that was somewhere in between. Psychological research suggests that when people cheat they often don’t do it to the fullest extent possible. This explains why more participants prompted the AI to do something in between maximizing accuracy and maximizing profit. ____49____ Previous research suggests people may justify dishonest behavior by shifting responsibility to others-in this case, an AI, the researchers said. For the researchers, the take-away is that AI makes it easier to avoid taking responsibility for moral mistakes, a problem they believe is likely to become more common. ____50____ That, says Nils Köbis, a professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany, is definitely “a silver lining”, that is, there is always something better we could do in a bad situation. A. How come people turn to AI for a higher profit? B. In one group, for example, participants could choose to tell AI to “maximize accuracy”, “maximize profit” or do something in between. C. “Maximize profit” is obviously a better option than “maximize accuracy.” D. Their research suggests giving people an option to do the task themselves, rather than hand it over to AI, may help them be more honest. E. They were then randomly assigned to either report the die-roll numbers themselves or instruct an AI agent to do it for them. F. Why does AI make cheating easier overall? Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Stepping into the story When you walk into a conventional theater, you usually find your seat and quietly watch the actors on stage. But in immersive (沉浸式的) theater, you become part of the action. Instead of sitting back, the audience moves around the performance space, often following characters or exploring different rooms. This isn’t just watching a play — it’s stepping into a whole new world. The line between actor and audience becomes less distinct. Every element of the environment — from lighting and sound to smells — is used to absorb the audience into the story. The sense of magic is lost unless each element feels connected to the story. This dynamic style of theater has deep roots. Ancient Greek plays, for example, used open theaters that let the audience feel closer to the action. During the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期), Commedia dell’ arte performers interacted with the crowd using humor and on-the-spot performance. Over time, these early forms have evolved into today’s immersive theater performances, many using digital elements. The famous group Punchdrunk helped bring immersive theater into the spotlight. Their shows, such as Sleep No More, a retelling of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, often take place in empty buildings transformed into carefully designed sets. Audience members wear masks and wander freely, piecing together the story from different scenes. Each person’s experience is unique, and that sense of autonomy adds to the magic. Immersive theater is also used in education. UK schools have hosted immersive storytelling projects, reporting increased student engagement and creativity. In the project The Lost Lending Library, children enter a magical library and write stories to help save the books inside. Teachers reported that even reluctant writers became eager to participate, and children’s confidence improved. By giving people agency in the story, immersive theater helps them see themselves as capable, creative and curious. In a world full of screens, it offers something truly extraordinary — the chance to live the story. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 邻家小男孩每天练习拉小提琴，十分勤奋。(practice) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 与其不假思索就仓促执行，不如事先仔细做好任务规划。(better) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 随着春天的到来，这些饱受困苦的鹿再次向北迁徙，将狼群与森林抛在身后。（head）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这些陆地上的冰连同海冰，将太阳辐射反射出地表，以此保护我们的星球，防止其出现过热的状况。(together with) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生王华，你校英语报正开展“我与他人的距离”主题征文活动，鼓励同学们思考人与人之间的关系。给校英语报投稿，内容须包括： (1)你对“人与人之间距离”的理解(可以是心理上的、情感上的等)； (2)举一个你亲身经历或观察到的事例； (3)你从中获得的认识或启示。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $