精品解析：上海市长宁区2024-2025学年高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷

2024学年第二学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 （考试时间105分钟；满分115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dig holes across the country Published in 1998, Louis Sachar’s book, Holes, has won lots of awards. A film version of it was released in 2003, ____1____ (produce) in a professional manner by Disney. Then, in 2018, the Nottingham Playhouse Theatre Company created a stage show that was motivated by both the book and the Hollywood film. Now, that show, ____2____ was a huge success when it first came out, is coming back to the stage and will be going on a tour across England. ____3____ Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats ____4____ (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit. Sent to a prison camp in the desert, Yelnats must spend his days ____5____ (dig) holes amid poisonous snakes under the instruction of a strict prison officer. ____6____ Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship ____7____ (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. The stage show is being brought back and performed around the country by the Children’s Theatre Partnership (CTP). The CTP was founded in 2010, ____8____ the purpose of producing and touring theatre shows that are aimed at young people. Holes is the first of three shows ____9____ (take) on tour over the next three years. A new cast of actors is bringing the book’s characters to life, from a script (剧本) that was written by Sachar himself, so ____10____ can match the authenticity of this adaptation. The tour of Holes started in Northampton on 24 January and will be traveling across England before finishing in Canterbury on 30 May. If you want to find out more about the show and where it’s on, and to book tickets, visit holesonstage.co.uk 【答案】1. produced 2. which 3. What 4. is accused 5. digging 6. Although##Though##While 7. has inspired##has been inspiring 8. with 9. to be taken 10. few 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了路易斯·萨查尔（Louis Sachar）于1998年出版的获奖小说《洞》（Holes）及其改编作品。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的电影版本于2003年发行，由迪士尼以专业的方式制作。句子已有谓语动词“was released”，因此空处需填非谓语动词，动词produce与逻辑主语A film version of it之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式表被动。故填produced。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现在，那部首次上演就取得巨大成功的剧目将重返舞台，并将在英国各地进行巡演。空处应填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“that show”，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：《洞》讲述的是斯坦利·耶尔纳茨的故事，他是一个出生在贫困家庭的孩子。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，所以空处应填连接词，从句中tells后缺少宾语，指物，表示“……的事情”，所以用连接代词“what”引导，句子开头字母大写。故填What。 4题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：耶尔纳茨被指控犯了一项他没有犯的罪。空处为句子谓语动词；再根据句意及空前的“… Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats”可知，此处描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，动词accuse与主语Yelnats之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is accused。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为被送到了沙漠中的劳改营，耶尔纳茨必须在一位严厉的狱警的指挥下，每天在有毒蛇出没的地方挖洞。must spend是句子谓语动词，所以空处填非谓语动词；spend+时间+ (in) doing sth.为固定用法，表示“花费时间做某事”，所以空处需填动名词形式。故填digging。 【6题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：尽管耶尔纳茨被告知这是为了“塑造性格”，但他很快就揭开了一个深埋在地下的秘密。空处填从属连词引导状语从句；根据句意可知，although/though/while都可表示“尽管，虽然”。句首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。 【7题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，萨查尔关于苦难的故事一直激励着书籍读者和电影观众。空处为句子谓语动词；根据时间状语“for years”可知，句子应用现在完成时（have/has done）或现在完成进行时（have/has been doing），表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并还可能继续持续下去的动作；又因为主语Sachar’s story of hardship为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”。故填has inspired/been inspiring。 【8题详解】 考查介词固定搭配。句意：CTP成立于2010年，目的是制作和巡演针对年轻人的戏剧节目。根据句意可知，此处表示“目的是”，可用固定短语with the purpose of。故填with。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：《洞》是未来三年将进行巡演的三部剧目中的第一部。句子已有谓语动词“is”，因此空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词shows；动词take与shows之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“over the next three years”可知，动作发生在将来，所以用不定式的被动形式“to be taken”作后置定语。故填to be taken。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：一批新的演员正在将书中的角色栩栩如生地呈现出来，他们依据的是萨查尔自己编写的剧本，因此很少有（改编作品）能匹配这种改编的真实性。空后的can match是句子的谓语动词，空处可填代词作主语；又根据语境可知，此处表示“没有什么（改编作品）能匹配这种改编的真实性”，空处需填表示否定意义的代词；“few”表示“很少”，表示否定意义，可用于可数名词前，也可单独使用，在此处可指代“改编作品”，与题意相符。故填few。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.artificially B.bound C.causally D.conservationists E.considerable F.definitive G.dominate H.grounds I.linked J.stabilized K.stuff Eat away fire The African continent has a wide variety of habitat types, but savanna (热带稀树草原) ecosystems cover roughly half. And where there is savanna, there is fire. “It’s an important part of the ecology of the system,” says University of Liverpool ecologist James R. Probert. Burning allows grasses to ___11___ by keeping taller bushes from spreading on the landscape. Loss of grasses could push out species such as wildebeest (牛羚). A decade ago, researchers believed that the decline in fires in Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park was due to the recovery of wildebeest populations after a certain disease. When millions of wildebeest ___12___ themselves with grass, they remove fuel from the landscape, making fires less frequent and less severe. However, Probert and his coworkers found that even after wildebeest populations ___13___ in the mid-1990s, fires continued to decrease in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. Their analysis of satellite data revealed a(n) ___14___ 40 percent decline in wildfires between 2001 and 2014—coinciding with dramatic increases in farm animals in the area. “If you have lots of grass-eating animals, then you have less fire. That’s well known,” Probert says. “But I don’t think anybody had realized the extent of the decline in fire and ___15___ it to farm animals before.” John Fryxell, a biologist at the University of Guelph, calls this pattern “really interesting.” He warns that 15 years of data is still a small sample for ___16___ conclusions. “This suggests there’s something interesting here that could provide the ___17___ for a deeper experimental analysis,” he adds. Future research could include ___18___ controlling fire frequency or animal populations in certain areas. It can be followed by monitoring the landscape’s response over time. Probert notes that some areas face a problem where farm animals use up more resources than the land can sustain. He suggests that ___19___ work with sheep or cattle farmers. They can develop an alternating feeding plan, spreading the animals’ impact over time and space. Studies like Probert’s reveal how wild places like the Serengeti-Mara are ____20____ connected to human activities. Their findings stress the urgency for sustainable practices to preserve wildlife and ecosystems. 【答案】11. G 12. K 13. J 14. E 15. I 16. F 17. H 18. A 19. D 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了非洲热带稀树草原生态系统中火灾减少的现象及原因，以及相关研究和对未来的建议。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：燃烧通过阻止更高的灌木丛在这片土地上蔓延，让草得以占据主导地位。“allow sb./sth. to do sth.”是固定结构，此处需要一个动词原形，根据“by keeping taller bushes from spreading on the landscape”可知，燃烧能让草在与灌木丛的竞争中占据优势，“dominate”有“占主导地位；支配”的意思，符合语境。故填G。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：当成千上万的牛羚吃饱了草，它们就清除了这片土地上的燃料，使得火灾发生得没那么频繁，也没那么严重了。“stuff oneself with sth.”是固定短语，意为 “用…… 塞满自己；吃饱……”，这里描述牛羚吃草的行为，符合语境。本句在陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填K。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，普罗伯特和他的同事们发现，即使在 20 世纪 90 年代中期牛羚数量稳定下来之后，塞伦盖蒂 - 马拉生态系统中的火灾仍在减少。空处为从句谓语动词，因此需要一个动词；根据 “in the mid - 1990s” 可知，这里描述过去的一个时间点牛羚数量的状态，“stabilize”意为“使稳定；稳定下来”，用一般过去时，与主语 “wildebeest populations” 构成主动关系，符合语境。故填J。 【14题详解】 考考查形容词。句意：他们对卫星数据的分析显示，2001 年至 2014 年间，野火大幅减少了 40%—— 这与该地区家畜数量的急剧增加相吻合。此处需要一个形容词来修饰 “decline”，“considerable”表示“相当大的；重要的”，强调野火减少的程度，符合语境。故填E。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：但我认为以前没有人意识到火灾减少的程度，并将其与家畜联系起来。“link...to...” 是固定短语，意为 “把…… 和…… 联系起来”，这里表示将火灾减少与家畜数量增加建立联系，符合语境。与“realized”并列，为过去完成时。故填I。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他警告说，15 年的数据对于得出明确的结论来说仍然是一个小样本。这里需要一个形容词修饰 “conclusions”，“definitive”表示 “明确的；最终的”作定语，说明 15 年的数据还不足以得出确定的结论，符合语境。故填F。 17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这表明这里有一些有趣的东西，可以为更深入的实验分析提供依据。“provide the grounds for...” 是固定搭配，意为 “为…… 提供依据 / 基础”，符合语境。名词作宾语。故填H。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：未来的研究可能包括在某些地区人工控制火灾频率或动物数量。此处需要一个副词修饰 “controlling”，“artificially”表示“人工地；人为地”做状语，说明对火灾频率或动物数量的控制是人为进行的，符合语境。故填A。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：他建议自然资源保护主义者与养羊或养牛的农民合作。空处为从句主语，根据“work with sheep or cattle farmers” 以及“preserve wildlife and ecosystems” 可知，这里指从事保护野生动物和生态系统工作的人，即“conservationists”（自然资源保护主义者），符合语境。做主语。故填D。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：像普罗伯特这样的研究揭示了像塞伦盖蒂 - 马拉这样的野生地区是如何与人类活动有着因果联系的。这里需要一个副词修饰“connected”，“causally” 表示“有因果关系地”做状语，说明野生地区与人类活动之间存在因果关联，符合语境。故填C。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off. Despite the overall strength of the job market, layoffs have been increasing in recent months. Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are ____21____ in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors. However, many recently laid-off ____22____ are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities. What was once considered an embarrassing no-no has now become a(n) ____23____ move to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges. Nathan Felt, ____24____, shared his layoff experience online after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate. He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how ____25____ can lead to growth opportunities. His post, which did not ____26____ ask for a job, received numerous responses, including several job offers. He eventually started a new role as a product-design leader at Amazon. Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid ____27____ bitterness in their online posts. ____28____, they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities. Liz Maupin, a marketing producer in Los Angeles, posted about her dismissal. She wrote, “If you hear of anything, I’m a lovely producer and am ____29____ about keeping working.” Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer, which she described as “____30____”. Others who have successfully found new jobs through social media emphasize the importance of providing ____31____ information, such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team. Sarah Nelson, who works in human resources, ____32____ her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform. She ____33____ in conversations with several companies. Recently she started a new remote job as a recruiter (招聘人员) with Dandy, an online dental lab platform, in Scottsdale, Ariz. Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role. She included the phrase “hmu” (“hit me up”, meaning “contact me”) in her ____34____ for job opportunities. She was ____35____ by several professionals online in no time, and she has had a few initial conversations so far. 21. A. maintained B. advocated C. expected D. disciplined 22. A. receivers B. candidates C. individuals D. employers 23. A. risky B. false C. defensive D. strategic 24. A. on the whole B. in particular C. as a result D. for instance 25. A. shelters B. setbacks C. achievements D. promotions 26. A. directly B. gratefully C. randomly D. skillfully 27. A. generating B. displaying C. overcoming D. acknowledging 28. A. Instead B. Nevertheless C. Hence D. Meanwhile 29. A. flexible B. enthusiastic C. ambitious D. pessimistic 30. A. accidental B. irresistible C. controversial D. incredible 31. A. classified B. statistical C. detailed D. timely 32. A. publicized B. negotiated C. battled D. caused 33. A. specialized B. believed C. engaged D. intervened 34. A. request B. demand C. preference D. criterion 35. A. wrapped up B. logged out C. called off D. tracked down 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了面对市场的大规模裁员，许多最近被解雇的人转向社交媒体平台分享他们的经历，寻找新的就业机会的现象。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：娱乐、汽车和金融行业的公司，如Netflix、特斯拉和摩根大通，都宣布了裁员，预计科技、航空航天和旅游行业的裁员人数还会更多。A. maintained维持；B. advocated倡导；C. expected预期，期待；D. disciplined惩罚。根据上文“Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are”可知，娱乐、汽车和金融行业的公司都宣布了裁员，预计其他行业还有更多裁员。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多最近被解雇的人转向社交媒体平台分享他们的经历，寻找新的就业机会。A. receivers接受者；B. candidates候选人；C. individuals个人；D. employers雇主。上文提到了裁员，根据后文“are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities”可知求职的是被裁员的个人。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曾经被认为是令人尴尬的禁忌，现在已经成为一种展示自己的韧性和迎接新挑战的战略举措。A. risky冒险的；B. false错误的；C. defensive防御的；D. strategic策略的。根据后文“move to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges”可知，人们在社交平台上求职，是一种被裁员后的战略举措，可以展示自己的韧性和迎接新挑战。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，内森·费尔特在失去了Guaranteed Rate产品设计总监的职位后，在网上分享了他的裁员经历。A. on the whole总体而言；B. in particular特别地；C. as a result因此；D. for instance例如。此处主要是通过Nathan Felt来对这种求职方式进行举例。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他表达了对未来的失望和希望，并提供了一个播客，讨论挫折如何带来成长机会。A. shelters收容所；B. setbacks挫折；C. achievements成就；D. promotions晋升。根据上文“shared his layoff experience”可知，他被裁员了，所以是讨论挫折如何带来成长机会。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的帖子没有直接要求工作，但收到了许多回复，其中包括几份工作邀请。A. directly直接地；B. gratefully感激地；C. randomly随机地；D. skillfully熟练地。根据上文“He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how”可知，他表达了对未来的失望和希望，并提供了一个播客，讨论挫折如何带来成长机会，即没有直接要求工作。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：职业教练建议求职者不要在自己的网络帖子中表现出苦涩。A. generating产生；B. displaying展示；C. overcoming克服；D. acknowledging承认。根据后文“they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities”可知，职业教练建议不要在帖子中展示出自己的苦涩，故选B。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们建议表达对以前工作的感激之情，并表达对新机会的渴望。A. Instead反而；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Hence因此；D. Meanwhile同时。上文提到建议求职者不要在自己的网络帖子中表现出苦涩，与后文“they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities”为转折关系，用instead。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她写道：“如果你有所耳闻，我是一个可爱的制片人，我对继续工作充满热情。”A. flexible灵活的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据后文“about keeping working”可知，她说自己对继续工作充满热情，呼应了上文“conveying eagerness for new opportunities”表达了对新机会的渴望。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在24小时内，她收到了大量回复，其中一封变成了工作邀请，她形容这“令人难以置信”。A. accidental意外的；B. irresistible无法抗拒的；C. controversial有争议的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer”可知，24小时内就收到了工作邀请，她形容这“令人难以置信”。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他通过社交媒体成功找到新工作的人强调提供详细信息的重要性，比如职位、经验水平以及他们对团队的价值。A. classified分类的；B. statistical统计的；C. detailed详细的；D. timely及时的。根据后文“such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team”可知，应该提供详细信息，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在人力资源部门工作的萨拉·纳尔逊在社交媒体平台上公布了自己被旧金山一家公司解雇的消息。A. publicized公布；B. negotiated协商；C. battled战斗；D. caused造成。根据后文“her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform”指萨拉·纳尔逊在社交媒体平台上公布了自己被旧金山一家公司解雇的消息。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她与几家公司进行了洽谈。A. specialized专门研究；B. believed相信；C. engaged参与；D. intervened干涉。根据后文“in conversations with several companies”指参与了几家公司的对话中，用engage in。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在求职申请中使用了“hmu”（hit me up，意思是“联系我”）这个短语。A. request要求；B. demand需要；C. preference偏爱；D. criterion标准。根据上文“Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role.(西尔维娅·富恩特斯上周透露了自己被解雇的消息，她明确表示自己正在寻找一个中级数字产品设计师的职位)”可知，西尔维娅·富恩特斯失业了，所以需要工作机会，即求职申请，故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：几位专业人士很快就在网上找到了她，到目前为止，她已经有了几次初步的交谈。A. wrapped up结束；B. logged out注销；C. called off取消；D. tracked down追踪。根据后文“by several professionals online in no time”可知，她在网上发布了求职申请，几位专业人士很快就在网上找到了她，故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Would it be money, power, a loving family, close friends, a great job or something else? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “The days are long, but the years are short. Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The pursuit resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. One Amazon review reads, “This is the rare book that will make you both smile and think — often on the same page.” It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Going through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For example, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Later chapters discuss topics such as the importance of making time for friends, play, your passions and more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and adopting all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness in 2025 and the happiness you bring to others around you. 36. ____ made Gretchen Rubin start her 12-month commitment to studying how to achieve happiness. A. Sitting in traffic on a bus B. Reading a self-help book C. Noticing her overlooking crucial matters D. Wanting to write a best-selling book 37. Which of the following is a feature of The Happiness Project? A. It is organized by monthly challenges. B. It is written in a quite serious way. C. It provides detailed experimental data. D. It offers fun and wise real-life examples. 38. According to The Happiness Project, ____ contributes to greater physical and mental energy. A. enhancing rest and activity B. adopting a strict habit tracker C. scheduling weekly social hours D. pursuing creative outlets daily 39. The main purpose of the passage is to ____. A. describe the author’s personal journey of self-discovery B. inspire readers to seek happiness as the book suggests C. explain the importance of setting goals in life D. promote sales of a particular self-help book 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Gretchen Rubin的著作《The Happiness Project》及其核心理念。该书评从创作背景，书籍特点，具体内容方面进行了介绍，同时在末尾段落呼吁读者尝试书中方法。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, ‘The days are long, but the years are short. Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.’ This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. (如果幸福是她的目标的话，Rubin意识到，“日子漫长，但岁月短暂。时光在流逝，而我却没有足够专注于那些真正重要的事情。”这一结论促使她开始了为期 12 个月的探索之旅，旨在探寻哪些事物能够为她的生活增添更多的幸福感。)”可知，Rubin意识到自己未足够关注重要事物，这促使她开始12个月的幸福研究。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. One Amazon review reads, ‘This is the rare book that will make you both smile and think — often on the same page.’ It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. (根据一些书评，这不仅仅是一本普通的自助类书籍。亚马逊上有一条书评写道：“这是一本罕见的书籍，它会让你既会心一笑，又能引发深思——常常是在同一页面上。”这本书充满了幽默、深刻的见解以及鲁宾历时一年的实验中的实际事例。)”可知，书中“充满幽默、见解和真实例子”，且评论称其“让人同时微笑和思考”。因此可知，这本书的特点是它提供了有趣且富有智慧的真实生活实例。故选D项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“For example, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. (例如，第一章从一月开始，讲述了获取更多身心活力的重要性。相应的目标包括改善睡眠和增加锻炼。)”可知，获得更多的身心活力可以借助于改善睡眠和增加锻炼，即，增强休息与活动有助于提升身心活力。故选A项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness in 2025 and the happiness you bring to others around you. (在新的一年里，与其立下那些大概到二月就会放弃的新年决心，为何不试试鲁宾的“幸福计划”呢？这样，您很可能会在 2025 年感受到自身幸福的提升，也会给身边的人带来更多快乐。)”可知，作者在最后一段建议读者尝试书中方法，由此推知，其核心目的是激励读者实践书中的幸福追求方式。故选B项。 (B) Less plastic in your food Limiting exposure to phthalates (酞酸盐) isn’t as simple as avoiding particular types of packaging, because these chemicals can enter your food long before it is packaged. Maricel Maffini, a chemical safety expert, states that while manufacturers and regulators should ensure food safety, consumers can also take measures to reduce their exposure to plastic-related chemicals. Here are six steps. Avoid plastic food storage containers. If you do use them, don’t heat them in the microwave, and avoid using them to store hot food, because heat can increase leaching (渗出). And keep your food below the top of the container to avoid contact with the lid or cover, which are often plastic. Steer clear of fast foods. Plasticizers in fast food are a cause for concern. Our tests detected some of the highest levels of phthalates and their alternatives in fast food. One possible reason could be that fast food is frequently prepared by workers wearing plastic gloves, which are known to be rich in these substances. Limit high-fat foods. Fast foods are often high in fat, and some research has shown that foods with higher fat content tend to have more plasticizers. For instance, a 2020 review reported that certain chemicals in cream were often five to ten times higher than they were in milk. Eat fresh, minimally processed food. Ensure your diet includes plenty of unpackaged fruits and vegetables, as they have fewer opportunities to come into contact with phthalates. A study based on 2013 to 2014 data found that those who ate more highly processed foods had higher levels of certain phthalate byproducts in their human waste. Choose wood and stainless (不锈) steel for kitchen tools. Cutting up on a plastic cutting board can generate microplastics, so consider using a wooden board instead. Some plastic uses are probably riskier than others — putting hot food into a plastic bowl and using plastic wrap for leftovers may expose you more than giving your lettuce a quick dry in a plastic drying tool, for example. Use water bottles made of glass or steel. Avoid plastic bottles and cups, which are often made with harmful substances. Carrying around your own stainless steel straws helps you get rid of plastic ones and reduce waste. 40. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Non-plastic cutting surfaces decrease the release of tiny pieces. B. Fat-rich foods naturally contain higher plasticizer concentrations. C. Fast food workers’ health problem is a hidden contributor to food pollution. D. Diets full of processed foods correlate with increased traces of blood pressure. 41. You are planning to pack a lunch for school tomorrow. What will you probably do to make it healthier? A. Pack a salad in a glass container and carry a stainless steel water bottle. B. Keep sausages in a plastic lunchbox for heating in a microwave oven. C. Wrap ready-made dishes in plastic film and take a glass water bottle. D. Put fried chicken wings and hot dogs in a throwaway paper bag. 42. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Plastic-free food preparation is ideal for ecological safety. B. Choosing unpackaged foods can erase plasticizer exposure risks. C. Daily habits can significantly affect exposure to harmful chemicals. D. Government regulations are the main way to reduce plastic-related risks. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了消费者可以采取的减少接触与塑料相关化学物质的六种方法，以减少其在食物中的摄入，从而降低健康风险。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Limit high-fat foods部分“Fast foods are often high in fat, and some research has shown that foods with higher fat content tend to have more plasticizers. For instance, a 2020 review reported that certain chemicals in cream were often five to ten times higher than they were in milk.(快餐通常脂肪含量高，一些研究表明，脂肪含量较高的食物往往含有更多的增塑剂。例如，2020 年的一篇综述报告称，奶油中的某些化学物质含量通常是牛奶中的五到十倍。)”可知，高脂肪食物中往往含有更多的增塑剂，比如奶油中某些化学物质的含量比牛奶中高五到十倍，这说明富含脂肪的食物自然含有更高浓度的增塑剂。故选B项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据Avoid plastic food storage containers部分“If you do use them, don’t heat them in the microwave, and avoid using them to store hot food, because heat can increase leaching (渗出). And keep your food below the top of the container to avoid contact with the lid or cover, which are often plastic. (如果确实使用了它们，请勿在微波炉中加热，并且避免用它们来储存热的食物，因为热量会增加渗出。并且将食物放在容器顶部以下，以避免与通常是塑料材质的盖子或覆盖物接触。)”可知，应避免使用塑料食品储存容器。因此，A选项“Pack a salad in a glass container and carry a stainless steel water bottle.(用玻璃容器装沙拉并携带一个不锈钢水瓶)”符合健康饮食的做法。故选A项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。纵览全文，文章从避免使用塑料食品储存容器、避免吃快餐、限制高脂肪食物、吃新鲜和最少加工的食物、选择木制和不锈钢厨房工具、使用玻璃或钢制水瓶等六个方面介绍了消费者可以采取的减少接触与塑料相关化学物质的方法，这些都是日常生活习惯，说明日常生活习惯会显著影响接触有害化学物质的情况。故选C项。 (C) Apple is making a new feature called Lockdown Mode to protect its products from the world’s most advanced spyware. This mode is for a small number of users targeted by the spyware. When turned on, Lockdown Mode will limit what apps, websites and features can do. For example, on an iPhone, it will block most message attachments and incoming calls from people the user hasn’t previously had a call with. Last November, Apple accused a foreign cybersecurity (网络安全) company, PPP Group, of installing spyware to target Apple products used by journalists, business people, academics, and government officials. Apple claimed that PPP’s tools allowed attacks, including from some organizations willing to pay huge sums to target a tiny portion of users with valuable information. Weeks earlier, Apple had updated its software to fix a fault that PPP had been exploiting to silently infect iPhones using iMessage. This fault allowed a rare and dangerous “zero-click” attack, where users could get infected without clicking on anything, according to the Citizen Lab, an academic research group. PPP Group has said that it provides tools for police and security departments around the world to fight crime and has ended contacts with organizations that have abused its software. It argued that Apple’s lawsuit should be dismissed because it acts as an agent of foreign administrations. However, a central appeals court ruled that such immunity doesn’t apply to foreign companies. Apple’s lawsuit is currently on hold while the highest court reviews a related case involving PPP and Meta Platforms’ WhatsApp. On Wednesday, PPP said it welcomes any solution that strengthens privacy. But it also said it’s important for security departments to be able to access encoded data for criminal investigations. Apple plans to test the Lockdown feature soon and will release it widely this fall as part of its new operating systems for iPhones, iPads, and Mac computers. “Lockdown Mode will reduce the attack surface and increase the costs for greedy spyware companies,” said Citizen Lab Director Ron Deibert. Apple will also give rewards of up to $2 million to researchers who find weaknesses in Lockdown Mode. 43. Which of the following statements about Lockdown Mode is true according to the passage? A. It turns on automatically for all Apple devices. B. It secures mobile devices with high-end hardware. C. It reduces spyware profits with improved safeguards. D. It enjoys great popularity among Apple users lately. 44. The phrase “such immunity” in paragraph 4 most probably refers to_______. A. the ability to end contracts with misusing organizations B. the power to provide tools for police to fight crime C. the right of being informed of relevant cases D. the freedom from being taken to court 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ______ . A. PPP Group takes no part in the “zero-click” attack B. Apple’s lawsuit against PPP Group has been rejected C. PPP Group’s tools are used safely by authorized agencies D Apple attaches great importance to the security of its users 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Apple challenges PPP Group over spyware impact B. Apple plans tool to boost security against spyware C. Apple performs past counter-measures against spyware D. Apple initiates legal battle with PPP Group over spyware 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了苹果公司为了保护其产品免受世界上最先进的间谍软件攻击，正在开发一种名为“Lockdown Mode”的新功能。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Lockdown Mode will reduce the attack surface and increase the costs for greedy spyware companies,” said Citizen Lab Director Ron Deibert.(公民实验室主任Ron Deibert表示：“锁定模式将减少攻击面，并增加那些贪婪的间谍软件公司的攻击成本。”)”可知，锁定模式会减少攻击面并增加间谍软件公司的攻击成本，从侧面可以推断出这会减少间谍软件公司的利润。故选C。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“PPP Group has said that it provides tools for police and security departments around the world to fight crime and has ended contacts with organizations that have abused its software. It argued that Apple’s lawsuit should be dismissed because it acts as an agent of foreign administrations. However, a central appeals court ruled that such immunity doesn’t apply to foreign companies. Apple’s lawsuit is currently on hold while the highest court reviews a related case involving PPP and Meta Platforms’ WhatsApp.(PPP集团表示，它为世界各地的警方和安全部门提供工具以打击犯罪，并且已经终止了与滥用其软件的组织的联系。该集团辩称，苹果公司的诉讼应该被驳回，因为苹果公司充当了外国政府的代理人。然而，一家中级上诉法院裁定，这种豁免权并不适用于外国公司。目前，苹果公司的诉讼处于搁置状态，与此同时，最高法院正在审查一起涉及PPP集团和Meta平台旗下WhatsApp的相关案件。)”可知，PPP 集团称苹果公司的诉讼应该被驳回，理由是它充当外国政府的代理人，它认为自己有某种“豁免权”。然而，中级上诉法院裁定这种“豁免权”不适用于外国公司，苹果公司的诉讼目前处于搁置状态，等待最高法院审查一起涉及PPP集团和Meta平台旗下WhatsApp的相关案件。这里的“such immunity”指的是PPP集团认为自己拥有的可以不被苹果公司起诉（即不被送上法庭）的权利。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Apple is making a new feature called Lockdown Mode to protect its products from the world’s most advanced spyware. This mode is for a small number of users targeted by the spyware. When turned on, Lockdown Mode will limit what apps, websites and features can do.(苹果公司正在推出一项名为“锁定模式”的新功能，以保护其产品免受世界上最先进的间谍软件的侵害。这一模式是为那些成为间谍软件攻击目标的少数用户而设计的。当该模式开启时，它将限制应用程序、网站和功能的运行。)”、第三段“Weeks earlier, Apple had updated its software to fix a fault that PPP had been exploiting to silently infect iPhones using iMessage.(几周前，苹果公司更新了其软件，以修复PPP集团一直在利用的一个漏洞，该漏洞曾让其能够通过iMessage悄然感染iPhone。)”可知，苹果公司采取了多种措施来保障用户的安全，说明它非常重视用户的安全。故选D。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出苹果公司正在推出名为“锁定模式”的新功能，以保护其产品免受最先进的间谍软件侵害，接着介绍了苹果公司此前与PPP集团的纠纷，包括PPP集团利用苹果软件漏洞进行间谍软件攻击，苹果公司更新软件修复漏洞等情况，还提到了PPP集团的回应以及苹果公司诉讼的进展，最后强调苹果公司计划测试“锁定模式”功能并将其广泛推出，以及为发现该功能弱点的研究人员提供奖励。文章主要围绕苹果公司计划推出新工具——锁定模式，来加强对间谍软件的防范展开。选项B“Apple plans tool to boost security against spyware(苹果公司计划推出工具以增强对间谍软件的防范)”准确地概括了文章的核心内容，即苹果公司计划推出“锁定模式”这一工具来提高对间谍软件的安全防护。故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Macmillan to restart proceeding orders Macmillan, one of the largest book publishers in the U.S., said it is again able to process book orders as it makes progress recovering from a computer attack it disclosed last week. The company, whose divisions include St. Martin’s Press and Farrar, Straus & Giroux, said it is working its way through a pile of orders. ____47____This is a relief for both the publishers and the retailers (零售商) who rely on timely deliveries. Macmillan, which is owned by Germany’s Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH, last week disclosed a security problem and said it had taken its systems offline as a result. ____48____ Several retailers said consumers likely wouldn’t notice in the short run because there was adequate stock available, though. A spokeswoman for Macmillan said no further information would be shared at this time. ____49____ Dane Neller, chief manager of New York-based bookseller Shakespeare & Co. said: “____50____ We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal.” The return to direct ordering is expected to make the supply chain more efficient and reduce delays for customers. A. What this means is that we can now place direct orders with them. B. In turn, retail customers were unable to place orders for new books. C. The company is upgrading these security measures to prevent future disorders. D. It doesn’t anticipate it will have to change the publication date of any of its coming books. E. Macmillan denied that it would focus on expanding its digital presence to reach a wider audience. F. However, the restart of order processing is seen as a positive step to normalize business operations. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. F 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了美国大型出版商Macmillan在遭受网络攻击后恢复订单处理，这对依赖及时交付的出版商和零售商来说是利好消息，尽管短期内消费者可能不会察觉库存问题。 【47题详解】 由“The company, whose divisions include St. Martin’s Press and Farrar, Straus & Giroux, said it is working its way through a pile of orders. (该公司旗下包括圣马丁出版社以及法勒、斯特劳斯和吉鲁出版社，该公司表示正在处理堆积如山的订单。)”及下文“This is a relief for both the publishers and the retailers (零售商) who rely on timely deliveries. (这对依赖及时交货的出版商和零售商来说都是一种解脱)”可知，本空应说明能够处理订单所带来的积极影响，即业务恢复正常，书籍正常出版。D选项“It doesn’t anticipate it will have to change the publication date of any of its coming books. (它预计不必更改其任何即将出版书籍的出版日期。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 由上文“Macmillan, which is owned by Germany’s Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH, last week disclosed a security problem and said it had taken its systems offline as a result. (Macmillan公司由德国Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH所有，上周该公司披露了一个安全问题，并表示已因此将其系统下线。)”可知，上文提到Macmillan公司因安全问题将系统下线，因此本空应说明系统下线这一举措的影响。B选项“In turn, retail customers were unable to place orders for new books. (反过来，零售客户无法订购新书。)”能承接上文，说明了系统下线带来的后果，符合题意。故选B。 【49题详解】 由上文“A spokeswoman for Macmillan said no further information would be shared at this time. (Macmillan公司的一位女发言人表示，目前不会分享更多信息。)”和下文“We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal. (我们之前一直通过批发商获取新书，或者等待在途的书籍。现在业务正在恢复正常。)”可知，上文提到Macmillan公司不会分享更多信息，下文说之前一直通过批发商获取新书，或者等待在途的书籍，现在业务正在恢复正常。因此，本空与上文构成转折，虽然没有说明更多信息，重启订单处理说明业务正在恢复正常。F选项“However, the restart of order processing is seen as a positive step to normalize business operations. (然而，重启订单处理被视为使业务运营正常化的积极一步。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 【50题详解】 由下文“We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal. (我们之前一直通过批发商获取新书，或者等待在途的书籍。现在业务正在恢复正常。)”和“The return to direct ordering is expected to make the supply chain more efficient and reduce delays for customers. (预计恢复直接订购将使供应链效率更高，并减少客户所面临的延误情况。)”可知，本空应说明现在与之前的不同，即可以直接下单了。A选项“What this means is that we can now place direct orders with them. (这意味着我们现在可以直接向他们下订单了。)”能引出下文关于之前通过批发商获取新书的对比以及业务恢复正常的阐述，符合语境。故选A。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Watch out for blue light! How many digital devices do you use throughout the day? If you’re like most people, you probably spend hours on your computer, cellphone or tablet. These devices are convenient and entertaining, but they all give off blue light. The question is: Should you be concerned? According to WebMD, there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes. Yet several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. Due to these different opinions, it is essential that people study more to determine if blue light is bad for one’s health. Sunlight contains different colors of light, each with different wavelengths and energy levels. Blue wavelengths are good for people during daylight hours because they can boost one’s attention, reaction times and mood. But the concern is that blue’s wavelength is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) (紫外线的) light. Research has long shown that ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause eye damage. Some studies suggest a troublesome connection between eye tissue damage and blue-light wavelengths ranging between 415 and 455 nanometers (纳米). Most digital devices have wavelengths that measure between 400 and 490 nanometers so that many think that this fact, alone, establishes a cause for concern. Blue light is also believed to affect your sleep cycle. It helps to manage your wake-and-sleep patterns by providing energy keeping you awake during the day. Nevertheless, the same energy becomes an issue at night as it misleads your body into believing it’s still daytime, leaving you incapable of attaining a restful night’s sleep. To lessen the potential risks, several practical strategies can be employed. Simple actions like reducing the screen brightness and using blue-light-blocking applications can effectively decrease your exposure to blue light. However, the most effective approach is to avoid using digital devices for a few hours before going to bed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Opinions vary on whether blue light from digital devices impairs health. While it can boost alertness during the day, people worry it might damage eyesight with its particular wavelength and disrupt sleep. To reduce risks, people can lower screen brightness, use relevant apps and most effectively avoid screen use before bedtime. (51 words) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字设备发出的蓝光对健康的影响及减少潜在风险的策略。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①According to WebMD, there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes. Yet several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. ②Blue wavelengths are good for people during daylight hours because they can boost one’s attention, reaction times and mood. But the concern is that blue’s wavelength is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) light. ③Some studies suggest a troublesome connection between eye tissue damage and blue-light wavelengths ranging between 415 and 455 nanometers. ④Blue light is also believed to affect your sleep cycle. ⑤To lessen the potential risks, several practical strategies can be employed. Simple actions like reducing the screen brightness and using blue-light-blocking applications can effectively decrease your exposure to blue light. However, the most effective approach is to avoid using digital devices for a few hours before going to bed. 2.缜密构思将第1个要点中关于蓝光是否有害的不同观点进行提炼，作为文章开头引入话题。将第2、3个要点中关于蓝光对眼睛的影响进行整合。将第4个要点中关于蓝光对睡眠的影响单独成段。将第5个要点中关于减少蓝光风险的策略进行整合，作为文章结尾。 3.遣词造句Some studies believe that there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes, but several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Opinions vary on whether blue light from digital devices impairs health. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句，表达了对蓝光是否有害的不同观点，对原文第一、二段进行了概括。) 【高分句型2】While it can boost alertness during the day, people worry it might damage eyesight with its particular wavelength and disrupt sleep. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句，对比了蓝光白天的积极作用和人们对其潜在危害的担忧，表达高级。对原文第三、四、五段进行了概括。) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在研发团队的共同努力下，一种平价新药即将问世。(horizon) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the joint efforts of the research and development team, an affordable/inexpensive new drug is on the horizon. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“在……的共同努力下”可用with the joint efforts of；表示“研发团队”为the research and development team；表示“一种平价新药”用an affordable/inexpensive new drug，作主语；表示“即将问世”可用be on the horizon，常用一般现在时表将来。故翻译为With the joint efforts of the research and development team, an affordable/inexpensive new drug is on the horizon. 53. 这个古道热肠的退休售票员曾是一位备受尊敬的地方文化推广者。(ready) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Always ready to offer help, this retired conductor used to be a well-respected promoter of local culture. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和形容词做状语。“古道热肠”可理解为“总是准备好提供帮助”，使用固定短语be ready to offer help，在句中作状语，去掉be，使用形容词短语作状语，“这个退休售票员”译为this retired conductor，“曾是”使用固定短语used to be，“备受尊敬地方文化推广者”译为a well-respected promoter of local culture，故翻译为：Always ready to offer help, this retired conductor used to be a well-respected promoter of local culture. 54. 对于职场新人而言，去公司各个部门进行实践，获得全方位的感知，这一点至关重要。(It) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is of vital importance/vital for new employees/newcomers in the workplace to practice in various departments of the company so as to gain/and gain an all-round/ a comprehensive perception. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“对某人来说做某事很重要”句型为It is of vital importance/vital for sb. to do sth.，it作形式主语；表示“职场新人”短语为new employees/newcomers in the workplace；表示“去公司各个部门进行实践”可翻译为practice in various departments of the company；表示“为了”用so as to do sth.或用连词and连接；表示“获得全方位的感知”可翻译为gain an all-round或gain a comprehensive perception。故翻译为It is of vital importance/vital for new employees/newcomers in the workplace to practice in various departments of the company so as to gain/and gain an all-round/ a comprehensive perception. 55. 这家老字号餐厅以其独特的烹饪方法和传统的地方风味吸引了众多食客，成了这座城市的美食地标。(attract) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This time-honored restaurant attracts numerous diners with its unique cooking methods and traditional local flavors (thus) becoming/making it a famous food spot in the city. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“这家老字号餐厅”为“This time-honored restaurant ”做主语；“吸引”为“attract”作谓语；“众多食客”为“ numerous diners ”；“以其独特的烹饪方法和传统的地方风味”为“with its unique cooking methods and traditional local flavors”做状语；“成了这座城市的美食地标”处理成现在分词做状语，“成为”为“become/make”，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词做状语。翻译为“(thus) becoming/making it a famous food spot in the city”。古翻译为：This time-honored restaurant attracts numerous diners with its unique cooking methods and traditional local flavors, (thus) becoming/making it a famous food spot in the city. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，你受邀为校刊撰写一篇题为《人工智能与学习：机遇与挑战》的文章。你的文章内容须包括： (1) 分析AI在学生学习中的一项可能的益处和一项潜在的弊端； (2) 基于以上分析，提出一条切实可行的建议，并说明理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Artificial Intelligence and Learning: Opportunities and Challenges Artificial intelligence has revolutionized education, offering both opportunities and challenges. One significant benefit is personalized learning. AI-powered platforms can analyze students’ strengths and weaknesses, providing tailored study plans and resources. For instance, adaptive learning systems can identify gaps in knowledge and offer targeted exercises. However, a potential drawback is the over-reliance on technology. Students might become too dependent on AI tools, undermining critical thinking and problem-solving skills if they merely accept automated solutions without deep comprehension. To address this, I propose integrating AI with traditional teaching methods. While AI can handle routine tasks and data analysis, teachers should guide students in reflecting on AI-generated insights, encouraging independent thinking. This hybrid approach combines the strengths of AI—efficiency and customization—with human judgment, ensuring that technology enhances rather than replaces educational growth. By fostering a balance between innovation and foundational skills, we can maximize AI's potential while mitigating its risks. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇开放性作文，考生受邀为校刊撰写一篇题为《人工智能与学习：机遇与挑战》的文章。 【详解】1.词汇积累 定制的：tailored → customized 削弱：undermining → weakening 解决：address → tackle 减轻：mitigating → alleviating 2.句式拓展 同义句改写 原句：For instance, adaptive learning systems can identify gaps in knowledge and offer targeted exercises. 拓展句：To illustrate, adaptive learning systems are adept at detecting gaps in knowledge and furnishing precisely targeted exercises. 【点睛】【高分句型1】However, a potential drawback is the over-reliance on technology, which might cause students to depend too much on AI tools and undermine their critical thinking if they accept automated solutions without deep comprehension.（使用关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一整句话表示的内容，以及if引导的条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】To address this, I propose integrating AI with traditional teaching methods.（使用了动词不定式做目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024学年第二学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 （考试时间105分钟；满分115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dig holes across the country Published in 1998, Louis Sachar’s book, Holes, has won lots of awards. A film version of it was released in 2003, ____1____ (produce) in a professional manner by Disney. Then, in 2018, the Nottingham Playhouse Theatre Company created a stage show that was motivated by both the book and the Hollywood film. Now, that show, ____2____ was a huge success when it first came out, is coming back to the stage and will be going on a tour across England. ____3____ Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats ____4____ (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit. Sent to a prison camp in the desert, Yelnats must spend his days ____5____ (dig) holes amid poisonous snakes under the instruction of a strict prison officer. ____6____ Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship ____7____ (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. The stage show is being brought back and performed around the country by the Children’s Theatre Partnership (CTP). The CTP was founded in 2010, ____8____ the purpose of producing and touring theatre shows that are aimed at young people. Holes is the first of three shows ____9____ (take) on tour over the next three years. A new cast of actors is bringing the book’s characters to life, from a script (剧本) that was written by Sachar himself, so ____10____ can match the authenticity of this adaptation. The tour of Holes started in Northampton on 24 January and will be traveling across England before finishing in Canterbury on 30 May. If you want to find out more about the show and where it’s on, and to book tickets, visit holesonstage.co.uk Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.artificially B.bound C.causally D.conservationists E.considerable Fdefinitive G.dominate H.grounds I.linked J.stabilized K.stuff Eat away fire The African continent has a wide variety of habitat types, but savanna (热带稀树草原) ecosystems cover roughly half. And where there is savanna, there is fire. “It’s an important part of the ecology of the system,” says University of Liverpool ecologist James R. Probert. Burning allows grasses to ___11___ by keeping taller bushes from spreading on the landscape. Loss of grasses could push out species such as wildebeest (牛羚). A decade ago, researchers believed that the decline in fires in Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park was due to the recovery of wildebeest populations after a certain disease. When millions of wildebeest ___12___ themselves with grass, they remove fuel from the landscape, making fires less frequent and less severe. However, Probert and his coworkers found that even after wildebeest populations ___13___ in the mid-1990s, fires continued to decrease in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. Their analysis of satellite data revealed a(n) ___14___ 40 percent decline in wildfires between 2001 and 2014—coinciding with dramatic increases in farm animals in the area. “If you have lots of grass-eating animals, then you have less fire. That’s well known,” Probert says. “But I don’t think anybody had realized the extent of the decline in fire and ___15___ it to farm animals before.” John Fryxell, a biologist at the University of Guelph, calls this pattern “really interesting.” He warns that 15 years of data is still a small sample for ___16___ conclusions. “This suggests there’s something interesting here that could provide the ___17___ for a deeper experimental analysis,” he adds. Future research could include ___18___ controlling fire frequency or animal populations in certain areas. It can be followed by monitoring the landscape’s response over time. Probert notes that some areas face a problem where farm animals use up more resources than the land can sustain. He suggests that ___19___ work with sheep or cattle farmers. They can develop an alternating feeding plan, spreading the animals’ impact over time and space. Studies like Probert’s reveal how wild places like the Serengeti-Mara are ____20____ connected to human activities. Their findings stress the urgency for sustainable practices to preserve wildlife and ecosystems. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off. Despite the overall strength of the job market, layoffs have been increasing in recent months. Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are ____21____ in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors. However, many recently laid-off ____22____ are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities. What was once considered an embarrassing no-no has now become a(n) ____23____ move to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges. Nathan Felt, ____24____, shared his layoff experience online after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate. He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how ____25____ can lead to growth opportunities. His post, which did not ____26____ ask for a job, received numerous responses, including several job offers. He eventually started a new role as a product-design leader at Amazon. Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid ____27____ bitterness in their online posts. ____28____, they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities. Liz Maupin, a marketing producer in Los Angeles, posted about her dismissal. She wrote, “If you hear of anything, I’m a lovely producer and am ____29____ about keeping working.” Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer, which she described as “____30____”. Others who have successfully found new jobs through social media emphasize the importance of providing ____31____ information, such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team. Sarah Nelson, who works in human resources, ____32____ her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform. She ____33____ in conversations with several companies. Recently she started a new remote job as a recruiter (招聘人员) with Dandy, an online dental lab platform, in Scottsdale, Ariz. Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role. She included the phrase “hmu” (“hit me up”, meaning “contact me”) in her ____34____ for job opportunities. She was ____35____ by several professionals online in no time, and she has had a few initial conversations so far. 21. A. maintained B. advocated C. expected D. disciplined 22. A. receivers B. candidates C. individuals D. employers 23. A. risky B. false C. defensive D. strategic 24. A. on the whole B. in particular C. as a result D. for instance 25. A. shelters B. setbacks C. achievements D. promotions 26. A. directly B. gratefully C. randomly D. skillfully 27. A. generating B. displaying C. overcoming D. acknowledging 28. A. Instead B. Nevertheless C. Hence D. Meanwhile 29. A. flexible B. enthusiastic C. ambitious D. pessimistic 30. A. accidental B. irresistible C. controversial D. incredible 31. A. classified B. statistical C. detailed D. timely 32. A. publicized B. negotiated C. battled D. caused 33. A. specialized B. believed C. engaged D. intervened 34. A. request B. demand C. preference D. criterion 35. A. wrapped up B. logged out C. called off D. tracked down Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Would it be money, power, a loving family, close friends, a great job or something else? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “The days are long, but the years are short. Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The pursuit resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. One Amazon review reads, “This is the rare book that will make you both smile and think — often on the same page.” It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Going through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For example, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Later chapters discuss topics such as the importance of making time for friends, play, your passions and more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and adopting all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness in 2025 and the happiness you bring to others around you. 36. ____ made Gretchen Rubin start her 12-month commitment to studying how to achieve happiness. A. Sitting in traffic on a bus B. Reading a self-help book C. Noticing her overlooking crucial matters D. Wanting to write a best-selling book 37. Which of the following is a feature of The Happiness Project? A. It is organized by monthly challenges. B. It is written in a quite serious way. C. It provides detailed experimental data. D. It offers fun and wise real-life examples. 38. According to The Happiness Project, ____ contributes to greater physical and mental energy. A. enhancing rest and activity B. adopting a strict habit tracker C. scheduling weekly social hours D. pursuing creative outlets daily 39. The main purpose of the passage is to ____. A. describe the author’s personal journey of self-discovery B. inspire readers to seek happiness as the book suggests C. explain the importance of setting goals in life D. promote sales of a particular self-help book (B) Less plastic in your food Limiting exposure to phthalates (酞酸盐) isn’t as simple as avoiding particular types of packaging, because these chemicals can enter your food long before it is packaged. Maricel Maffini, a chemical safety expert, states that while manufacturers and regulators should ensure food safety, consumers can also take measures to reduce their exposure to plastic-related chemicals. Here are six steps. Avoid plastic food storage containers. If you do use them, don’t heat them in the microwave, and avoid using them to store hot food, because heat can increase leaching (渗出). And keep your food below the top of the container to avoid contact with the lid or cover, which are often plastic. Steer clear of fast foods. Plasticizers in fast food are a cause for concern. Our tests detected some of the highest levels of phthalates and their alternatives in fast food. One possible reason could be that fast food is frequently prepared by workers wearing plastic gloves, which are known to be rich in these substances. Limit high-fat foods. Fast foods are often high in fat, and some research has shown that foods with higher fat content tend to have more plasticizers. For instance, a 2020 review reported that certain chemicals in cream were often five to ten times higher than they were in milk. Eat fresh, minimally processed food. Ensure your diet includes plenty of unpackaged fruits and vegetables, as they have fewer opportunities to come into contact with phthalates. A study based on 2013 to 2014 data found that those who ate more highly processed foods had higher levels of certain phthalate byproducts in their human waste. Choose wood and stainless (不锈) steel for kitchen tools. Cutting up on a plastic cutting board can generate microplastics, so consider using a wooden board instead. Some plastic uses are probably riskier than others — putting hot food into a plastic bowl and using plastic wrap for leftovers may expose you more than giving your lettuce a quick dry in a plastic drying tool, for example. Use water bottles made of glass or steel Avoid plastic bottles and cups, which are often made with harmful substances. Carrying around your own stainless steel straws helps you get rid of plastic ones and reduce waste. 40. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Non-plastic cutting surfaces decrease the release of tiny pieces. B. Fat-rich foods naturally contain higher plasticizer concentrations. C. Fast food workers’ health problem is a hidden contributor to food pollution. D. Diets full of processed foods correlate with increased traces of blood pressure. 41. You are planning to pack a lunch for school tomorrow. What will you probably do to make it healthier? A. Pack a salad in a glass container and carry a stainless steel water bottle. B. Keep sausages in a plastic lunchbox for heating in a microwave oven. C. Wrap ready-made dishes in plastic film and take a glass water bottle. D. Put fried chicken wings and hot dogs in a throwaway paper bag. 42. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Plastic-free food preparation is ideal for ecological safety. B. Choosing unpackaged foods can erase plasticizer exposure risks. C Daily habits can significantly affect exposure to harmful chemicals. D. Government regulations are the main way to reduce plastic-related risks. (C) Apple is making a new feature called Lockdown Mode to protect its products from the world’s most advanced spyware. This mode is for a small number of users targeted by the spyware. When turned on, Lockdown Mode will limit what apps, websites and features can do. For example, on an iPhone, it will block most message attachments and incoming calls from people the user hasn’t previously had a call with. Last November, Apple accused a foreign cybersecurity (网络安全) company, PPP Group, of installing spyware to target Apple products used by journalists, business people, academics, and government officials. Apple claimed that PPP’s tools allowed attacks, including from some organizations willing to pay huge sums to target a tiny portion of users with valuable information. Weeks earlier, Apple had updated its software to fix a fault that PPP had been exploiting to silently infect iPhones using iMessage. This fault allowed a rare and dangerous “zero-click” attack, where users could get infected without clicking on anything, according to the Citizen Lab, an academic research group. PPP Group has said that it provides tools for police and security departments around the world to fight crime and has ended contacts with organizations that have abused its software. It argued that Apple’s lawsuit should be dismissed because it acts as an agent of foreign administrations. However, a central appeals court ruled that such immunity doesn’t apply to foreign companies. Apple’s lawsuit is currently on hold while the highest court reviews a related case involving PPP and Meta Platforms’ WhatsApp. On Wednesday, PPP said it welcomes any solution that strengthens privacy. But it also said it’s important for security departments to be able to access encoded data for criminal investigations. Apple plans to test the Lockdown feature soon and will release it widely this fall as part of its new operating systems for iPhones, iPads, and Mac computers. “Lockdown Mode will reduce the attack surface and increase the costs for greedy spyware companies,” said Citizen Lab Director Ron Deibert. Apple will also give rewards of up to $2 million to researchers who find weaknesses in Lockdown Mode. 43. Which of the following statements about Lockdown Mode is true according to the passage? A. It turns on automatically for all Apple devices. B. It secures mobile devices with high-end hardware. C. It reduces spyware profits with improved safeguards. D. It enjoys great popularity among Apple users lately. 44. The phrase “such immunity” in paragraph 4 most probably refers to_______. A. the ability to end contracts with misusing organizations B. the power to provide tools for police to fight crime C. the right of being informed of relevant cases D. the freedom from being taken to court 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ______ . A. PPP Group takes no part in the “zero-click” attack B. Apple’s lawsuit against PPP Group has been rejected C. PPP Group’s tools are used safely by authorized agencies D. Apple attaches great importance to the security of its users 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Apple challenges PPP Group over spyware impact B. Apple plans tool to boost security against spyware C Apple performs past counter-measures against spyware D. Apple initiates legal battle with PPP Group over spyware Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Macmillan to restart proceeding orders Macmillan, one of the largest book publishers in the U.S., said it is again able to process book orders as it makes progress recovering from a computer attack it disclosed last week. The company, whose divisions include St. Martin’s Press and Farrar, Straus & Giroux, said it is working its way through a pile of orders. ____47____This is a relief for both the publishers and the retailers (零售商) who rely on timely deliveries. Macmillan, which is owned by Germany’s Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH, last week disclosed a security problem and said it had taken its systems offline as a result. ____48____ Several retailers said consumers likely wouldn’t notice in the short run because there was adequate stock available, though. A spokeswoman for Macmillan said no further information would be shared at this time. ____49____ Dane Neller, chief manager of New York-based bookseller Shakespeare & Co. said: “____50____ We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal.” The return to direct ordering is expected to make the supply chain more efficient and reduce delays for customers. A. What this means is that we can now place direct orders with them. B. In turn, retail customers were unable to place orders for new books. C. The company is upgrading these security measures to prevent future disorders. D. It doesn’t anticipate it will have to change the publication date of any of its coming books. E Macmillan denied that it would focus on expanding its digital presence to reach a wider audience. F. However, the restart of order processing is seen as a positive step to normalize business operations. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Watch out for blue light! How many digital devices do you use throughout the day? If you’re like most people, you probably spend hours on your computer, cellphone or tablet. These devices are convenient and entertaining, but they all give off blue light. The question is: Should you be concerned? According to WebMD, there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes. Yet several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. Due to these different opinions, it is essential that people study more to determine if blue light is bad for one’s health. Sunlight contains different colors of light, each with different wavelengths and energy levels. Blue wavelengths are good for people during daylight hours because they can boost one’s attention, reaction times and mood. But the concern is that blue’s wavelength is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) (紫外线的) light. Research has long shown that ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause eye damage. Some studies suggest a troublesome connection between eye tissue damage and blue-light wavelengths ranging between 415 and 455 nanometers (纳米). Most digital devices have wavelengths that measure between 400 and 490 nanometers so that many think that this fact, alone, establishes a cause for concern. Blue light is also believed to affect your sleep cycle. It helps to manage your wake-and-sleep patterns by providing energy keeping you awake during the day. Nevertheless, the same energy becomes an issue at night as it misleads your body into believing it’s still daytime, leaving you incapable of attaining a restful night’s sleep. To lessen the potential risks, several practical strategies can be employed. Simple actions like reducing the screen brightness and using blue-light-blocking applications can effectively decrease your exposure to blue light. However, the most effective approach is to avoid using digital devices for a few hours before going to bed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在研发团队的共同努力下，一种平价新药即将问世。(horizon) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这个古道热肠的退休售票员曾是一位备受尊敬的地方文化推广者。(ready) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 对于职场新人而言，去公司各个部门进行实践，获得全方位的感知，这一点至关重要。(It) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这家老字号餐厅以其独特的烹饪方法和传统的地方风味吸引了众多食客，成了这座城市的美食地标。(attract) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，你受邀为校刊撰写一篇题为《人工智能与学习：机遇与挑战》的文章。你的文章内容须包括： (1) 分析AI在学生学习中的一项可能的益处和一项潜在的弊端； (2) 基于以上分析，提出一条切实可行的建议，并说明理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $