Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元重点词汇及词转易错题专练65题-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教版五四制）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元重点词汇及词转易错题专练65题 说明：此专题分三种题型，难度依次递升，大家根据实际情况选择进行专项训练！ 一、单词拼写 1．With the _________ of new technology, our life becomes better and better. (develop) 2．The old man is ________ (残疾的) and needs help. 3．The ________ (力量) of nature is great. 4．It is ________ (不可能的) to finish it in ten minutes. 5．The _________ (inspire) stories of inventors encourage us. 6．The _________ (beauty) of the invention lies in its function. 7．The film was so ________ (excite) that we all enjoyed it. 8．The _________ of America changed the world a lot. (discover) 9．This book is very u________ for learning English. 10．She is i________ in modern inventions. 11．He became s________ through his hard work. 12．We should use our time w________. 13．There is a ________ (可能性) of rain tomorrow. 14．The doctor put a small ________ /tju:b/ in the patient’s arm to give him medicine. 15．This new model of the robot can ________ /'ha:dli/ be used in the world now. 16．Why not get into the habit of reading in your ________ /speə(r)/ time? 17．School officials believe that the electronic ________ /mə'tɪərɪəlz/ will make students enjoy learning more. 18．Free ________ (表达) is important in art class. 19．The ________ (发明家) invented many useful things. 20．The match is very ________ (令人兴奋的). 21．We should ________ (发展) our hobbies. 22．The ________ (真相) is that he works very hard. 23．We should _________ (encourage) young people to make inventions. 24．The _________ (value) of the discovery is very high. 25．The _________ (mix) of different technologies is very creative. 26．He _________ (spend) five years inventing this machine. 27．Do you know the _________ of learning English well? (important) 28．The d________ of oil made the country rich. 29．The machine is very p________ and works well. 30．We should keep our classroom t________ and clean. 31．The news is too strange to be b________. 32．The old man is d________ and can’t hear well. 33．The p________ of the painting is very high. 34．Yuan Longping is a great ________ (科学家). 35．His ________ (创造力) makes him different from others. 36．Space ________ (探索) is very meaningful. 37．A gold medal was ________ /ə'wɔ:dɪd/ to Gary for his brave actions by the organisation. 38．Many ________ (游客) come here every year. 39．Please keep the room ________ (干净的). 40．We should take care of the ________ (环境). 二、单项选择 41．Picasso is a great ________. He is famous for his abstract paintings. A．artist B．scientist C．inventor D．musician 42．We should ________ the ancient artworks well, because they are our national treasures. A．protect B．throw C．break D．sell 43．________ the help of modern science and technology, we can live a more comfortable life. A．Under B．With C．By D．Through 44．This painting ________ the artist’s love for nature. It’s full of warmth. A．creates B．expresses C．invents D．discovers 45．—Do you know who ________ the telephone? —Yes. It was invented by Bell. A．discovered B．found C．invented D．made 46．This kind of camera is ________ used all over the world. It’s very popular. A．wide B．widely C．slow D．slowly 47．The Internet has changed people’s lives greatly ________ it was invented. A．before B．after C．when D．since 48．The ________ of penicillin changed the medical field greatly. A．invention B．discovery C．creation D．artist 49．________ can help us find the information we need quickly on the Internet. A．Anything B．Something C．Everything D．Nothing 50．My father always encourages me ________ more new things to help improve our world. A．invent B．inventing C．to invent D．to inventing 51．________ many great inventions have brought us great convenience, they have also caused some new problems. A．Though B．But C．Because D．If 52．His ________ kept him away from school for a week. A．happiness B．illness C．kindness D．business 53．Many people die from ________ every year. A．illness B．health C．exercise D．food 54．The little boy ________ a new way to solve the problem and his teacher praised him. A．discovered B．invented C．created D．thought 55．—________ great surprise to see a new Jia Ling in the film Hoppers (《河狸变身计划》) ! —Of course. I have never seen ________ excellent film before. A．What a; so an B．What a; such an C．How; such an D．How; so 三、短文填空 Complete the passage with the given words in their proper forms. (用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。) Exploring the Unknown Human beings have always been curious about the world. From the deep ocean to outer space, our desire for 56 (explore) has pushed us forward. In the past, explorers faced many dangers. They had no GPS or modern maps. They relied on simple tools and the stars to 57 (guidance) them. However, technology has made our journeys safer. For example, the invention of the electric light allows us to travel and work at night. Cities are now 58 (light) up brightly after sunset, extending our active hours. This has had a huge impact on our 59 (socialism) life, allowing people to gather and enjoy activities late into the evening. In the field of 60 (communicate), inventions like the telephone and the Internet help us keep in touch with friends who live far away. We no longer need to wait months for a letter. Information travels at the speed of light. Despite these 61 (advance), we must be careful. Some people spend all their spare time on their phones and develop bad 62 (habit). They forget to look at the real world around them. We should use 63 (technological) to help us, not to control us. Whether we are using a high-tech machine or a simple fishnet, the goal is the same: to improve our lives. Let’s appreciate the 64 (discover) of the past while looking forward to the future. Who knows what amazing 65 (award) await the next generation of inventors? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元重点词汇及词转易错题专练65题 说明：此专题分三种题型，难度依次递升，大家根据实际情况选择进行专项训练！ 一、单词拼写 1．With the _________ of new technology, our life becomes better and better. (develop) 【答案】development 【详解】句意：随着新技术的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。根据“the”及“of new technology”提示，此处应填名词作介词with的宾语。“develop”为动词，其名词形式development“发展”为不可数名词。 2．The old man is ________ (残疾的) and needs help. 【答案】disabled 【详解】句意：这位老人残疾了，需要帮助。此处需填意为“残疾的”的形容词，在句中作表语，对应disabled。故填disabled。 3．The ________ (力量) of nature is great. 【答案】power 【详解】句意：大自然的力量是伟大的。此处需要填入表示“力量”的英文名词power，此处表达抽象概念。 4．It is ________ (不可能的) to finish it in ten minutes. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：在十分钟内完成它是不可能的。空处位于系动词后面，应填形容词impossible“不可能的”作表语。 5．The _________ (inspire) stories of inventors encourage us. 【答案】inspiring 【详解】句意：发明家们鼓舞人心的故事激励着我们。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词stories，表示“……的故事”。inspire的形容词形式有inspired“受到鼓舞的”和inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。根据句意，此处表示“鼓舞人心的故事”，应用inspiring。 6．The _________ (beauty) of the invention lies in its function. 【答案】beauty 【详解】句意：这项发明的美妙之处在于它的功能。句中“The”后需接名词作主语，beauty本身为名词，意为“美；美妙之处”，“of the invention”是后置定语修饰该名词，符合句子语法和语义要求。 7．The film was so ________ (excite) that we all enjoyed it. 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：这部电影太令人兴奋了，我们都很喜欢它。空格处需要填入形容词作表语，句子主语The film指事物，要用-ing结尾的形容词修饰，对应exciting，意为“令人兴奋的”。 8．The _________ of America changed the world a lot. (discover) 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意：美洲的发现极大地改变了世界。空格前有定冠词The，需填名词作主语，所给词discover的名词形式为discovery，意为“发现”。 9．This book is very u________ for learning English. 【答案】useful/seful 【详解】句意：这本书对于学习英语非常有用。“for learning English”提示空处应填对于学习英语的作用，结合首字母u可知，此处应填形容词useful“有用的”，在句中作表语。 10．She is i________ in modern inventions. 【答案】interested/nterested 【详解】句意：她对现代发明很感兴趣。“She is i... in modern inventions”表示对某事物感兴趣，interested“感兴趣的”，固定搭配be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。 11．He became s________ through his hard work. 【答案】successful/uccessful 【详解】句意：他通过努力工作变成功了。根据“through his hard work”以及结合首字母可知，努力工作的结果应是变成功了，空处位于became后面，应填形容词，successful“成功的”符合。 12．We should use our time w________. 【答案】wisely/isely 【详解】句意：我们应该明智地利用我们的时间。“We should use our time”提示可知，此处指的是如何利用时间，结合首字母w可知，空处应填副词形式wisely“明智地”修饰动词use。 13．There is a ________ (可能性) of rain tomorrow. 【答案】possibility 【详解】句意：明天有可能下雨。不定冠词a后面需要接可数名词单数，“可能性”对应的英文名词是possibility。 14．The doctor put a small ________ /tju:b/ in the patient’s arm to give him medicine. 【答案】tube 【详解】句意：医生在病人的手臂里放了一根小管子来给他用药。根据音标可知，对应的单词是tube，意为“管子”，空前有a修饰，用单数形式，故填tube。 15．This new model of the robot can ________ /'ha:dli/ be used in the world now. 【答案】hardly 【详解】句意：这种新型机器人现在几乎不能在世界上使用。根据音标可知，对应的单词是hardly，意为“几乎不”，在句中作状语，故填hardly。 16．Why not get into the habit of reading in your ________ /speə(r)/ time? 【答案】spare 【详解】句意：为什么不在你的业余时间养成阅读的习惯呢？根据音标可知，对应的单词是spare，spare time是固定搭配，意为“业余时间”，故填spare。 17．School officials believe that the electronic ________ /mə'tɪərɪəlz/ will make students enjoy learning more. 【答案】materials 【详解】句意：学校官员认为电子材料会让学生更享受学习。根据音标可知，对应的单词是materials，意为“材料”，此处用复数形式表示一类事物，故填materials。 18．Free ________ (表达) is important in art class. 【答案】expression 【详解】句意：自由表达在美术课上很重要。expression“表达”，不可数名词，作主语。 19．The ________ (发明家) invented many useful things. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：这位发明家发明了很多有用的东西。空处在句中作主语，应填名词形式inventor“发明家”，the表特指，名词应填单数形式。 20．The match is very ________ (令人兴奋的). 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：这场比赛非常令人兴奋。此处需要形容词作表语，修饰事物“比赛”，表示“令人兴奋的”用exciting，修饰物。 21．We should ________ (发展) our hobbies. 【答案】develop 【详解】句意：我们应该发展我们的爱好。句中情态动词“should”后需接动词原形，括号内的中文提示“发展”对应的英文动词为develop，故填develop。 22．The ________ (真相) is that he works very hard. 【答案】truth 【详解】句意：真相是他工作非常努力。truth“真相”，名词，定冠词the后接名词，在句中作主语。 23．We should _________ (encourage) young people to make inventions. 【答案】encourage 【详解】句意：我们应该鼓励年轻人去发明。根据提示词encourage及“young people to make inventions”，可知是固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。情态动词should后跟动词原形，故填encourage。 24．The _________ (value) of the discovery is very high. 【答案】value 【详解】句意：这个发现的价值非常高。分析句子结构，此处是名词作主语，value“价值”为不可数名词。 25．The _________ (mix) of different technologies is very creative. 【答案】mixture 【详解】句意：不同技术的融合非常有创意。此处是“the+名词+of”结构， mix的名词形式是mixture“混合、融合”，根据“is”可知，用单数。 26．He _________ (spend) five years inventing this machine. 【答案】spent 【详解】句意：他花了五年时间发明这台机器。spend“花费”，是动词，根据句意可知，此处介绍的是过去发生的动作，句子用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，spend的过去式是spent。 27．Do you know the _________ of learning English well? (important) 【答案】importance 【详解】句意：你知道学好英语的重要性吗？the是定冠词，后接名词，括号内所给词important为形容词，它的名词形式为importance重要性，the importance of意为“……的重要性”。 28．The d________ of oil made the country rich. 【答案】discovery/iscovery 【详解】句意：石油的发现使这个国家富裕起来。根据首字母d及句意可知，此处表示“石油的发现”，需要使用名词构成of所有格结构，名词discovery表示“发现”。 29．The machine is very p________ and works well. 【答案】powerful/owerful 【详解】句意：这台机器非常强大，运转良好。 结合首字母“p”和“works well（运转良好）”的语境，此处应填形容词“powerful”（强大的），用来描述机器的性能，故填powerful。 30．We should keep our classroom t________ and clean. 【答案】tidy/idy 【详解】句意：我们应该保持教室整洁干净。句中keep后可接“宾语+形容词”结构，用来表示“使某物保持某种状态”，空处需要填入形容词，与clean并列作宾语补足语。结合首字母t和语境，应填tidy“整洁的”。 31．The news is too strange to be b________. 【答案】believable/elievable 【详解】句意：这消息太奇怪了，令人难以置信。根据首字母提示和“The news is too strange to be”可知，此处表示新闻是不可信的，believable“可信的”，too...to...结构表示“太……而不能……”，这里指太奇怪而不能让人相信，在句中作表语。 32．The old man is d________ and can’t hear well. 【答案】deaf/eaf 【详解】句意：这位老人耳聋，听不清楚。句中“is”后需接形容词作表语，首字母d及后文“can’t hear well”提示此处应填形容词deaf，故填deaf。 33．The p________ of the painting is very high. 【答案】price/rice 【详解】句意：这幅画的价格非常高。根据首字母提示以及语境可推测，表达的是“这幅画的价格”。其中，“The”是定冠词，后面需要接名词。“price”是名词，意为“价格”。 34．Yuan Longping is a great ________ (科学家). 【答案】scientist 【详解】句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家。“科学家”对应的英文单词是scientist，句中形容词great前有不定冠词a，此处需要填入可数名词单数形式。 35．His ________ (创造力) makes him different from others. 【答案】creativity 【详解】句意：他的创造力使他与众不同。形容词性物主代词“His”后需接名词，“创造力”对应的英文名词为“creativity”，为不可数名词。 36．Space ________ (探索) is very meaningful. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：太空探索非常有意义。句中已有谓语动词is，此处需要名词作主语，“探索”对应的英文名词是exploration。 37．A gold medal was ________ /ə'wɔ:dɪd/ to Gary for his brave actions by the organisation. 【答案】awarded 【详解】句意：该组织因加里的英勇行为授予他一枚金牌。根据音标可知，对应的单词是awarded，句子是被动语态结构“be+过去分词”，award的过去分词是awarded，意为“授予”，故填awarded。 38．Many ________ (游客) come here every year. 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意：每年许多游客来这里。表示“游客”，用visitors，有形容词many修饰，用复数名词。 39．Please keep the room ________ (干净的). 【答案】clean 【详解】句意：请保持房间干净。“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”，意为“保持某物处于某种状态”，“干净的”对应的形容词是clean。 40．We should take care of the ________ (环境). 【答案】environment 【详解】我们应该照顾环境。表示“环境”，用environment，有定冠词the修饰，用单数名词。 二、单项选择 41．Picasso is a great ________. He is famous for his abstract paintings. A．artist B．scientist C．inventor D．musician 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毕加索是一位伟大的艺术家，他以抽象画作闻名。 artist艺术家；scientist科学家；inventor发明家；musician音乐家。毕加索是著名画家，artist符合语境。 42．We should ________ the ancient artworks well, because they are our national treasures. A．protect B．throw C．break D．sell 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该好好保护古代艺术品，因为它们是我们的国宝。 protect保护；throw扔；break打破；sell卖。根据常识可知，古代艺术品是国宝，需要好好保护，应填protect。 43．________ the help of modern science and technology, we can live a more comfortable life. A．Under B．With C．By D．Through 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在现代科学技术的帮助下，我们可以过上更舒适的生活。 Under在……下面；With和……一起/用；By通过（方式、手段）；Through穿过/通过（媒介）。根据题干“________ the help of”可知，with the help of是固定介词短语，意为“在……的帮助下”，应填With。 44．This painting ________ the artist’s love for nature. It’s full of warmth. A．creates B．expresses C．invents D．discovers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这幅画表达了艺术家对大自然的热爱。它充满了温暖。 creates创造；expresses表达，传达；invents发明；discovers发现。根据“the artist’s love for nature”以及“It’s full of warmth”可知，此处描述的是艺术作品所传递出的情感或思想内涵。表示作品“表达/传达”某种情感常用expresses，符合语境逻辑。 45．—Do you know who ________ the telephone? —Yes. It was invented by Bell. A．discovered B．found C．invented D．made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道是谁发明了电话吗？——是的。它是贝尔发明的。 答语“It was invented by Bell”说明问句询问的是谁发明了电话；C选项invented“发明”符合语义，discovered“发现”，found“找到”，made“制作”都不符合。 46．This kind of camera is ________ used all over the world. It’s very popular. A．wide B．widely C．slow D．slowly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种相机在世界各地被广泛使用。它非常受欢迎。 wide宽的；widely广泛地；slow慢的；slowly慢慢地。根据“It’s very popular.”可知相机很受欢迎，推测出是被广泛使用，修饰动词used需用副词widely。 47．The Internet has changed people’s lives greatly ________ it was invented. A．before B．after C．when D．since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从互联网被发明以来，它极大地改变了人们的生活。 before在……之前；after在……之后；when当……时；since自从。根据题干“has changed... ________ it was invented”可知，主句是现在完成时，since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，应填since。 48．The ________ of penicillin changed the medical field greatly. A．invention B．discovery C．creation D．artist 【答案】B 【详解】句意：青霉素的发现极大地改变了医学领域。 invention发明；discovery发现；creation创造；artist艺术家。青霉素是原本就存在的事物，是被“发现”的，而非发明， 应填discovery。 49．________ can help us find the information we need quickly on the Internet. A．Anything B．Something C．Everything D．Nothing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在互联网上，有些东西可以帮助我们快速找到我们需要的信息。 Anything任何东西（用于疑问句或否定句）；Something某物/有些东西（用于肯定句）；Everything每件事物；Nothing没有东西。根据题干“…can help us find the information”可知，这是一个肯定句，表示“有些东西”可以帮助我们，应填Something。 50．My father always encourages me ________ more new things to help improve our world. A．invent B．inventing C．to invent D．to inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爸爸总是鼓励我去发明更多新事物，来帮助改善我们的世界。 这里考查固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，应填to invent。 51．________ many great inventions have brought us great convenience, they have also caused some new problems. A．Though B．But C．Because D．If 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然许多伟大的发明给我们带来了极大的便利，它们也造成了一些新问题。 Though虽然；But但是；Because因为；If如果。根据“brought us great convenience”和“caused some new problems”可知，前后表示转折关系，用Though引导让步状语从句。应填Though。 52．His ________ kept him away from school for a week. A．happiness B．illness C．kindness D．business 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他的疾病使他一周没能去上学。 happiness快乐；illness疾病；kindness善良；business生意。根据“kept him away from school for a week”可知，导致无法上学一周的原因应是疾病，应填illness。 53．Many people die from ________ every year. A．illness B．health C．exercise D．food 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年许多人死于疾病。 illness疾病；health健康；exercise锻炼；food食物。根据“Many people die from”以及常识可知，疾病是导致死亡的主要原因，illness符合语境。 54．The little boy ________ a new way to solve the problem and his teacher praised him. A．discovered B．invented C．created D．thought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小男孩发现了一种解决问题的新方法，他的老师表扬了他。 discovered发现（指发现已存在但未被知晓的事物）；invented发明（指创造出原本不存在的事物）；created创造（强调从无到有地创作）；thought想，思考（想出方法通常用thought of）。根据“a new way to solve the problem”（解决问题的新方法）可知，这种方法原本可能存在，但被他找到并认识，discovered更贴合“发现已有方法”的语境。 55．—________ great surprise to see a new Jia Ling in the film Hoppers (《河狸变身计划》) ! —Of course. I have never seen ________ excellent film before. A．What a; so an B．What a; such an C．How; such an D．How; so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在电影《河狸变身计划》中看到一个新的贾玲真是个大惊喜！——当然。我以前从未看过如此优秀的一部电影。 第一空：中心词surprise在此处是可数名词单数，感叹句结构为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数!”，所以用What a；第二空：修饰名词film，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”，so通常修饰形容词或副词，所以用such an。 三、短文填空 Complete the passage with the given words in their proper forms. (用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。) Exploring the Unknown Human beings have always been curious about the world. From the deep ocean to outer space, our desire for 56 (explore) has pushed us forward. In the past, explorers faced many dangers. They had no GPS or modern maps. They relied on simple tools and the stars to 57 (guidance) them. However, technology has made our journeys safer. For example, the invention of the electric light allows us to travel and work at night. Cities are now 58 (light) up brightly after sunset, extending our active hours. This has had a huge impact on our 59 (socialism) life, allowing people to gather and enjoy activities late into the evening. In the field of 60 (communicate), inventions like the telephone and the Internet help us keep in touch with friends who live far away. We no longer need to wait months for a letter. Information travels at the speed of light. Despite these 61 (advance), we must be careful. Some people spend all their spare time on their phones and develop bad 62 (habit). They forget to look at the real world around them. We should use 63 (technological) to help us, not to control us. Whether we are using a high-tech machine or a simple fishnet, the goal is the same: to improve our lives. Let’s appreciate the 64 (discover) of the past while looking forward to the future. Who knows what amazing 65 (award) await the next generation of inventors? 【答案】 56．exploration 57．guide 58．lit 59．social 60．communication 61．advances 62．habits 63．technology 64．discoveries 65．awards 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了人类对未知探索的渴望，科技发展给人类生活带来了诸多改变，同时提醒人们要正确使用科技，在感恩过去探索成果的同时展望未来。 56．句意：从深海到外太空，我们对探索的渴望推动着我们前进。介词for后需要接名词，explore的名词为exploration。 57．句意：他们依靠简单工具和星星来为自己指引方向。to后接动词原形构成不定式表目的，guidance的动词为guide。 58．句意：日落后城市被明亮地点亮，延长了我们的活动时间。“城市”是“被点亮”，此处为被动语态，are后需用动词过去分词lit。 59．句意：这对我们的社会生活产生了巨大影响，让人们可以聚会、开展活动直到深夜。此处需用形容词修饰名词life，socialism的形容词为social。 60．句意：在通信领域，电话和互联网这类发明帮助我们和远方的朋友保持联系。 介词of后需要接名词，communicate的名词为communication。 61．句意：尽管有这些进步，我们必须谨慎。these后接可数名词复数advances。 62．句意：一些人把所有空闲时间都花在手机上，养成了坏习惯。 此处泛指多种坏习惯，用复数形式habits。 63．句意：我们应当用科技帮助我们，而非让科技控制我们。use后需要名词作宾语，technological的名词为technology。 64．句意：让我们感激过去的种种发现，同时憧憬未来。the后需要名词，过去的发现不止一个，discover的名词复数为discoveries。 65．句意：谁知道还有什么惊人的奖项等待着下一代发明家呢？由谓语动词await是原形可知主语为名词复数awards。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $