专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（四川专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·四川广安·二模）Green tea is widely recognized for its proven potential to protect the heart, brain and metabolism, while sugary bottled and bubble teas may do far more harm than good to human health. This is the finding of a comprehensive scientific research, recently published by a professional research team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The research links regular tea consumption, especially green tea, to significantly reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Regular drinkers also show slower age-related cognitive decline, better muscle preservation and lower all-cause death rates. These positive effects are supported by both laboratory tests and long-term human observation studies. Its health benefits mainly come from natural polyphenols (多酚), especially catechins (儿茶素). Green tea has been studied exhaustively, while the exact health effects of black, oolong and white tea remain less explored by the scientific community. Yet the research also warns of hidden health risks tied to commercial tea products. Highly processed options like bottled and bubble teas often contain harmful artificial additives, such as added sugars, sweeteners and preservatives. Heavy long-term tea drinkers may also face low-level risks from pesticide residues or heavy metals in a small number of tea leaf samples. These risks are often overlooked by most daily tea drinkers. Overall, the study concludes that freshly brewed tea offers the most reliable and consistent health benefits. Moderate regular intake of brewed tea may effectively cut risks of common chronic diseases, while processed tea products should be consumed with proper caution. The authors note further targeted research is needed to clarify effects across different tea types and consumer groups, to provide scientific guidance for public daily tea drinking habits. 1．What does the underlined word “exhaustively” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．In a wide range. B．In an overlooked manner. C．In a brief manner. D．In a repeated way. 2．How does the author develop the content in the third paragraph? A．By quoting the research review. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving definitions. D．By providing examples. 3．What is the authors’ attitude towards freshly brewed tea? A．Objective. B．Approving. C．Cautious. D．Reserved. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The unique health benefits of green tea. B．Hidden risks of commercial processed teas. C．A scientific review on tea and human health. D．Effects of different teas on human body. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国农科院研究表明，常饮绿茶等现泡茶有益健康，而瓶装、奶茶等加工茶饮含添加物存在健康隐患，研究还需进一步完善。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“while the exact health effects of black, oolong and white tea remain less explored by the scientific community.(而红茶、乌龙茶和白茶的确切健康影响方面，科学界的研究还相对较少)”可知，while表示对比，说明绿茶被广泛研究，对比其他茶研究较少，故划线词意思是“在广泛的范围内”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Yet the research also warns of hidden health risks tied to commercial tea products. Highly processed options like bottled and bubble teas often contain harmful artificial additives, such as added sugars, sweeteners and preservatives. Heavy long-term tea drinkers may also face low-level risks from pesticide residues or heavy metals in a small number of tea leaf samples. These risks are often overlooked by most daily tea drinkers.(然而，该研究也指出，商业茶产品存在潜在的健康风险。经过高度加工的茶类产品，如瓶装茶和气泡茶，通常会含有有害的人工添加剂，比如添加糖、甜味剂和防腐剂。长期大量饮用茶的人还可能因少量茶叶样本中的农药残留或重金属而面临较低水平的风险。而这些风险往往被大多数日常饮茶者所忽视)”可知，作者在第三段通过举例的方式展开内容。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overall, the study concludes that freshly brewed tea offers the most reliable and consistent health benefits. Moderate regular intake of brewed tea may effectively cut risks of common chronic diseases, while processed tea products should be consumed with proper caution.(总的来说，该研究得出结论：新沏的茶对健康的益处最为可靠且持续。适量经常饮用泡制的茶能够有效降低常见慢性疾病的风险，而加工过的茶产品则应谨慎饮用)”可知，作者对新沏的茶持赞成态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Green tea is widely recognized for its proven potential to protect the heart, brain and metabolism, while sugary bottled and bubble teas may do far more harm than good to human health. This is the finding of a comprehensive scientific research, recently published by a professional research team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.(绿茶因其已被证实对保护心脏、大脑和新陈代谢具有潜在作用而广受认可，而含糖的瓶装饮料和气泡茶则可能对人类健康造成远超其益处的损害。这一结论出自中国农业科学院一个专业研究团队近期发表的一项综合科学研究)”结合文章主要说明了中国农科院研究表明，常饮绿茶等现泡茶有益健康，而瓶装、奶茶等加工茶饮含添加物存在健康隐患，研究还需进一步完善。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是茶与人类健康的科学研究综述。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026·四川成都·二模）Years ago, as a young business reporter, I interviewed James Patterson, an advertising executive who ran a fast-food chain account, and yet dreamed of being a novelist instead. I remember thinking: Sure, you and everybody else. A decade or so later, however, I was surprised to see the adman on TV, holding up his new book. He has since published more than 100 New York Times best sellers and co-authored books with the likes of Bill Clinton and Dolly Parton. Mr. Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer illustrates a concept known as “possible selves”. It describes how people envision their futures: what they may become, or want to become, or even fear becoming. The term, coined in 1986 by the social psychologists Hazel Markus and Paula Nurius, grew out of research on self-concept and self-perception. While self-concepts — “I am a kind person” or “I am a good parent” — are rooted in the present, the researchers found that people are also informed by ideas about what they might become and how they might change. These possible selves, both positive and negative, are closely related to motivation. A violin student who envisions life as a professional musician might be motivated to practice. A person whose feared possible self is an alcoholic may become a non-drinker. In a small study, when young adults were encouraged to envision themselves as either regular exercisers (hoped-for selves) or inactive (feared selves), both groups exercised more in the weeks afterward. And researchers have found that constructing positive possible selves can improve well-being and relieve symptoms of depression by holding out the potential for a better future. A possible self can take you beyond daydreams, which are often fleeting and not necessarily grounded in reality. It can take shape “if you build a bridge from your ‘now’ self to the possible self,” Dr. Markus said. But how do we construct that bridge? 1．Why is James Patterson mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To tell a story. B．To inspire the readers. C．To reveal the topic. D．To introduce the figure. 2．Which of the following is an example of one’s “possible selves”? A．I am a diligent student. B．I want to travel abroad. C．I could have become a dentist. D．I worry about being lonely. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Those who fear failure may end up being a loser. B．Knowing what can be achieved benefits mental health. C．A clear ambition guarantees one’s success in the future. D．A positive possible self is more motivating than a negative one. 4．What might be mentioned in the following paragraph? A．How to create more possibilities. B．How to realise one’s potential. C．How to build spiritual connections. D．How to cultivate self-awareness. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍可能自我的概念、作用及如何实现。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Years ago, as a young business reporter, I interviewed James Patterson, an advertising executive who ran a fast-food chain account, and yet dreamed of being a novelist instead. I remember thinking: Sure, you and everybody else. A decade or so later, however, I was surprised to see the adman on TV, holding up his new book. He has since published more than 100 New York Times best sellers and co-authored books with the likes of Bill Clinton and Dolly Parton.(多年前，我还是一名年轻的商业记者时，采访过James Patterson。他当时是一名广告主管，负责一家快餐连锁品牌的业务，却梦想着成为一名小说家。 我记得当时心里还在想：是啊，你和其他人都这么想。 然而大约十年后，我惊讶地在电视上看到这位广告人，手里举着他的新书。从那以后，他出版了100多本登上《纽约时报》畅销书榜的作品，还与Bill Clinton、Dolly Parton等名人合著过书)”可知，作者讲述James Patterson从广告人成为畅销作家的例子，结合第二段“Mr. Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer illustrates a concept known as “possible selves”.(Patterson先生将自己视为作家的这种能力，阐释了一个被称为“可能自我”的概念)”可知，第一段提到James Patterson是为了揭示文章主题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It describes how people envision their futures: what they may become, or want to become, or even fear becoming.(它描述了人们如何设想自己的未来：他们可能成为什么样的人、想要成为什么样的人，甚至是害怕成为什么样的人)”可知，选项D“我担心会孤独”符合“可能的自我”中“害怕成为什么”这一描述。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And researchers have found that constructing positive possible selves can improve well-being and relieve symptoms of depression by holding out the potential for a better future.(研究人员发现，构建积极的可能自我，能够通过展现美好未来的可能性，提升幸福感并缓解抑郁症状)”可知，知道自己可以实现什么对心理健康有益。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A possible self can take you beyond daydreams, which are often fleeting and not necessarily grounded in reality. It can take shape “if you build a bridge from your ‘now’ self to the possible self,” Dr. Markus said. But how do we construct that bridge?(“可能自我”能让你超越空想——那些空想往往转瞬即逝，且不一定扎根现实。马库斯博士说：如果你在“当下的自己”和“可能的自我”之间架起一座桥梁，它就能成形。但我们该如何搭建这座桥梁呢？)”可知，下文会讲如何构建从现在的自我到可能的自我之间的桥梁，即如何实现自己的潜能。故选B。 Passage 3 （2026·四川绵阳·二模）You have probably had the experience of waking up in the middle of the night with an idea. It was such a good one that you told yourself to remember it the next morning. But, like the memory of your dreams, it fades fast away. One practical step you can take now is to keep a pencil or pad by your bed. Sometimes, you can also carry a pocket notebook so that ideas that strike you while waiting for someone or travelling on a train can be recorded. Later, you can transfer these jottings to your main notebook. Apart from extending memory, the practice of keeping a notebook of those materials has one fairly obvious further benefit. The labor of copying them out gives you occasion to reflect deeply on them. As you slowly write, you have to pay attention to both the exact form and the content of what is being said. The act of writing impresses the words more deeply on your mind. There are two important principles in keeping a notebook as a tool for creative thinking. First, write down ideas in the order they come to you. Give each idea a short title and, if possible, add the date. Do not try to organize everything too carefully, such as putting notes on cards or arranging them in alphabetical order. The second principle is to note down whatever impresses you as stimulating, interesting or memorable. At this stage, it does not matter whether the idea is right or wrong. What matters most is that it interests you. As Shakespeare once said, “No profit grows where no pleasure is taken.” In this form, your notebook is a very useful tool for creative thinking on a variety of subjects that concern you, for this method brings together very diverse materials. When you look through your notebook, you will begin to notice various groups of links and connections. It is the mixing of these unrelated ideas—bringing together things that usually do not go together—that makes your notebook a source of new ideas. 1．What does the underlined word “jottings” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Short written notes. B．Careful long records. C．Personal daily diaries. D．Printed study materials. 2．What is a benefit of keeping a notebook? A．It encourages labor. B．It shifts attention. C．It weakens memory. D．It facilitates thinking. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning Shakespeare’s words in paragraph 3? A．The importance of interest. B．The pleasure of profit. C．The arrangement of entries. D．The impression of ideas. 4．How does the notebook help generate new thoughts? A．By recording one type of subjects. B．By deleting disordered connections. C．By organizing notes alphabetically. D．By linking unrelated ideas together. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了记笔记的方法：随手记录想法再整理，其能加深记忆、促进思考，遵循两点原则，还能融合无关想法催生新创意。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Sometimes, you can also carry a pocket notebook so that ideas that strike you while waiting for someone or travelling on a train can be recorded. Later, you can transfer these jottings to your main notebook.(你也可以随身携带一个袖珍笔记本，以便记录下等人或乘火车时突然冒出的想法。之后，你可以把这些jottings转抄到你的主笔记本上。)”可知，jottings指的是随手记下的简短笔记。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The labor of copying them out gives you occasion to reflect deeply on them. As you slowly write, you have to pay attention to both the exact form and the content of what is being said. The act of writing impresses the words more deeply on your mind.(抄写这些内容的过程，能让你有机会深入思考其内涵。当你缓缓书写时，既需关注表述的准确形式，也需留心其核心要义。书写这一行为，会让这些话语更深刻地铭记在你的脑海中。)”可知，记笔记的一个好处是能促进思考。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“What matters most is that it interests you. As Shakespeare once said, “No profit grows where no pleasure is taken.”(最重要的是这个想法能让你感兴趣。正如莎士比亚所说：“没有乐趣，就没有收获。”)”可知，作者引用莎士比亚的话是为了说明兴趣的重要性。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is the mixing of these unrelated ideas — bringing together things that usually do not go together — that makes your notebook a source of new ideas.(正是这些不相关想法的融合 —— 将通常不相关的事物结合在一起 —— 让你的笔记本成为新想法的源泉。)”可知，笔记本通过将不相关的想法联系起来帮助产生新想法。故选D项。 主题 02 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·四川成都·二模）By age 2, most kids know how to play pretend. They turn their bedrooms into faraway castles and hold make-believe tea parties. The ability to make something out of nothing may seem uniquely human. Now, for the first time, an experiment hints that an ape (猿) living under human care can have an imagination. Kanzi is an ape who was raised in a lab and became a star at communicating with humans using graphic symbols. Scientists wondered whether Kanzi had the capacity to play pretend — that is, act like something is real while knowing it’s not. They adapted the playbook for studying young children to stage a juice party for Kanzi. They poured imaginary juice into two cups and then pretended to empty just one. They asked Kanzi which cup he wanted, and he pointed to the cup still containing pretend juice 68% of the time. To make sure Kanzi wasn’t confusing real with fake (假的), they also ran a test with actual juice. “Kanzi chose the real juice over the pretend almost 80% of the time, which suggests that he really can tell the difference between real juice and imaginary juice,” said Amalia Bastos, a study co-author from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. But not all scientists are convinced that Kanzi is playing pretend as humans do. “There’s a difference between imagining juice being poured into a cup and maintaining the pretense that it’s real,” said Duke University comparative psychologist Michael Tomasello. “To be convinced of that, I would need to see Kanzi actually pretend to pour water into a container himself,” Tomasello wrote in an email. Many great ape species in the wild are critically endangered, and it’ll take more research to understand what their minds are capable of. “Kanzi opened this path for a lot of future studies,” Bastos said. 1．What was Kanzi asked to do in the first test? A．To read a playbook. B．To choose a certain cup. C．To pour imaginary juice. D．To identify graphic symbols. 2．Why did scientists experiment with real juice on Kanzi? A．To prove Kanzi has emotions. B．To explore Kanzi’s preference for juice. C．To confirm Kanzi can tell real from fake. D．To train Kanzi’s ability to make choices. 3．What does Michael Tomasello probably agree with? A．Imagination equals pretense. B．Kanzi represents ape intelligence. C．Kanzi may not have an imagination. D．This experiment benefits future studies. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Kanzi: A Good Ape Pretender. B．The Mystery of Ape Imagination Solved. C．The Mind of a Human-Raised Ape Revealed. D．A Pretend Juice Party: Ape Imagination Tested. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家以假想果汁派对测试猿Kanzi，发现它或能区分真假果汁、具备假装能力，但部分科学家对此存疑，该研究也为后续猿类心智研究开辟了方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They adapted the playbook for studying young children to stage a juice party for Kanzi. They poured imaginary juice into two cups and then pretended to empty just one. They asked Kanzi which cup he wanted, and he pointed to the cup still containing pretend juice 68% of the time.( 他们往两个杯子里倒入想象中的果汁，然后假装只喝掉了其中一个。他们让Kanzi选择他想要的杯子，而他有 68% 的时候都会指向那个还装有假果汁的杯子。)”可知，在第一次测试中，Kanzi被要求选择一个特定的杯子。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To make sure Kanzi wasn’t confusing real with fake (假的), they also ran a test with actual juice.( 为了确保Kanzi不会将真实的果汁与假的果汁混淆，他们还进行了一项使用真实果汁的测试。)”可知，科学家用真实果汁做实验，是为了确认Kanzi能够区分真实与假想的果汁，排除它混淆真假的可能。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But not all scientists are convinced that Kanzi is playing pretend as humans do. “There’s a difference between imagining juice being poured into a cup and maintaining the pretense that it’s real,” said Duke University comparative psychologist Michael Tomasello. “To be convinced of that, I would need to see Kanzi actually pretend to pour water into a container himself,” Tomasello wrote in an email.( 但并非所有科学家都相信Kanzi像人类一样在进行假装行为。杜克大学的比较心理学家迈克尔·托马塞洛说：“想象把果汁倒入杯子与维持果汁是真实的这一假象之间是有区别的。要确信这一点，我需要看到Kanzi自己真的假装把水倒入容器里。”托马塞洛在一封电子邮件中写道。)”可知，该科学家并不认可Kanzi具备人类式的假装与想象力，认为现有实验不足以证明，因此他认同“Kanzi 或许没有想象力”。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“By age 2, most kids know how to play pretend. They turn their bedrooms into faraway castles and hold make-believe tea parties. The ability to make something out of nothing may seem uniquely human. Now, for the first time, an experiment hints that an ape (猿) living under human care can have an imagination.( 在两岁的时候，大多数孩子就已经会玩角色扮演游戏了。他们会把自己的卧室布置成遥远的城堡，并举办假想的茶会。能够凭空创造出事物这一能力似乎是人类所独有的。而现在，一项实验首次表明，一只生活在人类照料下的猿类也能拥有想象力。)”可知，全文核心是通过假想果汁派对来测试人工饲养的猿Kanzi是否拥有想象力，并呈现了科学界的不同观点，由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“一场假扮的果汁派对：猿类想象力的测试”。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·四川广安·二模）New technology is enabling patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease that robs people of muscle control, to operate a wheelchair using only their eye movements. Developed by a research team led by Professor Long Yunze at Qingdao University, in collaboration with multiple medical and industrial partners, the system marks the world’s first self-powered eye tracking solution for ALS patients, with its core breakthrough lying in solving the power supply dilemma that has long restricted the daily use of traditional eye tracking devices. Most traditional eye tracking systems depend on external power supplies, which make them bulky, heavy and unfit for prolonged daily wear. For ALS patients who rely on such devices to maintain independent mobility, heavy head-mounted equipment, tangled power cables and constant low-battery alerts have long been major barriers to their daily life. To address this unmet need, the team developed a creative, user-centered solution: harvesting electricity directly from the wearer’s natural eye movements. The new system, ultra-light and fully wearable like a pair of ordinary prescription glasses, is designed for long-time comfortable wear. It adopts a dual-layer structure: a soft contact lens-like PDMS layer attaches gently to the eyeball, functioning as a mini triboelectric generator that produces steady electrical current through the friction generated by blinking or subtle eye rotations. The glasses frame is equipped with transparent electrodes that act as signal transmitters, converting tiny charge changes into real-time commands to steer the wheelchair accurately and smoothly. While the technology brings unprecedented hope to ALS patients, it still faces practical hurdles before large-scale clinical and daily application. Zhang Jun, a core researcher of the team, noted that they are deepening cooperation with industry partners to accelerate commercialization. If mass production is achieved successfully, this self-powered system will grant ALS patients greater independence, dignity and control over their lives, all through a simple blink. 1．What is the main innovation of the new system? A．It enables ALS independent mobility. B．It is the first medical eye tracking system. C．It solves the long-standing power problem. D．It achieves stable real-time signal transmission. 2．What is the difference between traditional and new systems? A．Power supply mode. B．Wearing comfort. C．Control accuracy. D．Signal transmission speed. 3．How does the new system produce electricity according to Paragraph 3? A．By eye movements. B．By external power supply. C．By charge changes from signals. D．By PDMS material in the lens. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Eye Systems. B．The Self-Powered System Aids Patients. C．Tips for Wearing Eye Systems. D．Eye System Controls Wheelchairs Well. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青岛大学团队研发出全球首款自供电眼动操控系统，可让渐冻症患者靠眼球转动控制轮椅，解决了传统设备供电难题，虽尚未大规模应用，却为患者带来希望。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Developed by a research team led by Professor Long Yunze at Qingdao University, in collaboration with multiple medical and industrial partners, the system marks the world’s first self-powered eye tracking solution for ALS patients, with its core breakthrough lying in solving the power supply dilemma that has long restricted the daily use of traditional eye tracking devices.( 该系统由青岛大学的龙云泽教授领导的研究团队与多家医疗和工业合作伙伴共同开发，是世界上首个专为 ALS 患者设计的自供电眼球追踪解决方案，其核心突破在于解决了长期以来限制传统眼球追踪设备日常使用的电源供应问题。)”可知，该系统的核心创新是解决了长期困扰传统设备的供电难题。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Most traditional eye tracking systems depend on external power supplies, which make them bulky, heavy and unfit for prolonged daily wear.( 大多数传统的眼球追踪系统依赖外部电源供应，这使得它们体积庞大、重量沉重，不适合长时间佩戴。)”提到大多数传统的眼球追踪系统依赖外部电源供应，而新系统是self-powered（自供电），由此可知，二者核心差异为供电方式。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It adopts a dual-layer structure: a soft contact lens-like PDMS layer attaches gently to the eyeball, functioning as a mini triboelectric generator that produces steady electrical current through the friction generated by blinking or subtle eye rotations.( 它采用了双层结构：一层柔软的类似软性隐形眼镜的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）层轻轻贴合在眼球上，起到微型摩擦电发电机的作用，通过眨眼或轻微的眼部转动产生的摩擦力产生稳定的电流。)”可知，新的系统通过眨眼、眼球转动等眼部运动产生电能。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Developed by a research team led by Professor Long Yunze at Qingdao University, in collaboration with multiple medical and industrial partners, the system marks the world’s first self-powered eye tracking solution for ALS patients, with its core breakthrough lying in solving the power supply dilemma that has long restricted the daily use of traditional eye tracking devices.( 该系统由青岛大学的龙云泽教授领导的研究团队与多家医疗和工业合作伙伴共同开发，是世界上首个专为 ALS 患者设计的自供电眼球追踪解决方案，其核心突破在于解决了长期以来限制传统眼球追踪设备日常使用的电源供应问题。)”可知，文章主要介绍青岛大学团队研发的自供电眼动追踪系统，帮助渐冻症患者通过眼球运动操控轮椅，由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“自供电系统能帮助患者”。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2026·四川成都·二模）At a rehabilitation center in Beijing, a 76-year-old man who once relied on a caregiver can now walk independently with the help of a robotic exoskeleton that learns his movement patterns. Such technologies, once considered science fiction, are becoming more common as China responds to the needs of its fast-aging population. The eldercare robot industry is expanding quickly. Provinces such as Beijing and Jiangsu have released political plans encouraging the adoption of intelligent robots in institutions and households. China has also led the creation of an international technical standard for eldercare robots, setting requirements for design and safety. Moreover, with over 310 million Chinese aged 60 or above, many seniors need support with mobility, daily activities, or emotional companionship. Robotics companies report increased inquiries as families search for reliable solutions for aging relatives. While eldercare robots are still in the early stages of development compared to industrial robots, some users are already beginning to enjoy the convenience these technologies provide. Nursing homes in tech-centered cities like Shenzhen integrate robots that play chess with residents, provide mobility support, and deliver AI-assisted therapy. Experts say eldercare robots still face multiple obstacles before they can be deployed on a large scale. On the consumer side, some seniors remain skeptical. “Robots are too cold and emotionless. I just can’t accept them,” said Qu Suling, a 66-year-old resident. “If a machine malfunctions, it could hurt me,” she added. Another major hurdle is access to real-world data needed to improve algorithms and the user experience. To improve algorithms and user experiences, companies need large volumes of real-world training data, according to Ji Junjie, an algorithm specialist. “We have limited opportunities to enter seniors’ homes or eldercare facilities,” Ji said. The high prices of many eldercare robots represent another significant barrier, as they are well beyond the reach of most households. Experts argue that breakthroughs in core technology, affordability, and data access are essential for eldercare robots to realize their potential. As China advances AI and robotics, these innovations may significantly support healthy aging and improve life for millions of older adults. 1．Which major factor contributes to the rapid development of eldercare robots in China? A．A decline in traditional medical services. B．Policy support and rising demand. C．Financial investment in eldercare centers. D．Joint efforts made by many provinces. 2．Which is NOT the barrier to the large-scale application of eldercare robots? A．Insufficient access to real-life usage. B．High prices which are unaffordable. C．Lack of promotion from high-tech firms. D．Distrust and hesitation from the elderly. 3．What can be inferred about the future of eldercare robots? A．They will replace human caregivers in the short term. B．Their development will slow down as prices increase. C．They may be more popular with younger population. D．They can greatly improve the lives of older adults. 4．Which is a suitable title for the text? A．High-Technology is Used in Medical Care B．The Elderly Weigh the Use of Elderly Robots C．Robotics Elderly Expands with Aging Population D．An Old Man Benefits from Elderly Robot Industry 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述中国养老机器人因人口老龄化快速发展，虽有潜力但面临诸多障碍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Provinces such as Beijing and Jiangsu have released political plans encouraging the adoption of intelligent robots in institutions and households. China has also led the creation of an international technical standard for eldercare robots, setting requirements for design and safety. (北京和江苏等省份已发布政策计划，鼓励在机构和家庭中采用智能机器人。中国还主导制定了养老机器人国际技术标准，对设计和安全提出了要求。)”可知，政策支持和不断增长的需求是中国养老机器人快速发展的主要因素。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“On the consumer side, some seniors remain skeptical. “Robots are too cold and emotionless. I just can’t accept them,” said Qu Suling, a 66-year-old resident. “If a machine malfunctions, it could hurt me,” she added. Another major hurdle is access to real-world data needed to improve algorithms and the user experience. To improve algorithms and user experiences, companies need large volumes of real-world training data, according to Ji Junjie, an algorithm specialist. “We have limited opportunities to enter seniors’ homes or eldercare facilities,” Ji said. The high prices of many eldercare robots represent another significant barrier, as they are well beyond the reach of most households. (在消费者方面，一些老年人仍持怀疑态度。“机器人太冷淡、缺乏情感了。我就是无法接受它们，”66 岁的居民曲素玲（音译）说道。“如果机器出现故障，可能会伤害到我，”她补充道。另一个主要障碍是获取改善算法和用户体验所需的现实世界数据。算法专家季俊杰（音译）表示，为了改进算法和用户体验，公司需要大量的现实世界训练数据。“我们进入老年人家庭或养老机构的机会有限，”季俊杰说道。许多老年护理机器人的高昂价格是另一个重大障碍，因为它们远远超出了大多数家庭的承受范围。)”可知，老年护理机器人大规模应用的障碍包括缺乏实际使用的机会、高昂的价格超出承受范围和老年人的不信任和犹豫态度。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As China advances AI and robotics, these innovations may significantly support healthy aging and improve life for millions of older adults. (随着中国在人工智能和机器人技术方面的发展，这些创新举措有望极大地助力健康老龄化，并改善数百万老年人的生活质量。)”可知，养老机器人能极大地改善老年人的生活。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“At a rehabilitation center in Beijing, a 76-year-old man who once relied on a caregiver can now walk independently with the help of a robotic exoskeleton that learns his movement patterns. (在北京的一家康复中心，一位曾经依赖护理人员的 76 岁老人如今在一款能够学习其动作模式的机器人外骨骼的辅助下能够独立行走。)”及全文可知，文章第一段引入护理老年人的机器人这个科技，展开阐述了这种机器人发展迅速的原因，功能及其面临的几个问题，最后表达了对养老机器人帮助老年人，改善老年人生活的期待和信心。C选项“Robotics Elderly Expands with Aging Population(养老机器人随着人口老龄化而发展)”能概括文章主旨，可作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 Passage4 （2026·四川广元·二模）“Three weeks ago, I woke up from a nap and found some red spots all over my legs,” begins one such account in a video from Bethany Crystal, who runs a consulting business and lives in New York. After an exchange with ChatGPT, it urged, “You need immediate evaluation for possible bleeding risk.” Hundreds of millions of people now consult ChatGPT for wellness advice, according to its maker, OpenAI. In early January, the company announced the launch of a new platform, ChatGPT Health, which it says offers enhanced security for sharing medical records and data. It joins other AI tools such as My Doctor Friend in promising to partner with patients on navigating health care. Doctors and patients say AI is already having a profound impact on both the way that patients receive information about their health and practitioners’ ability to diagnose and communicate with their patients. Unlike doctors, ChatGPT has nearly unlimited time to engage in exhaustive inquiry with patients. Dave deBronkart, a cancer survivor, says he often hears stories about AI identifying symptoms that differentiate unusual or rare conditions from more common illnesses. Recently, sixty-year-old Burt Rosen, who works in marketing for a local Oregon college, told AI he was experiencing migraines (偏头痛) after sleeping. AI asked him what position he was sleeping in and suggested he use two pillows instead of one. Pressure can build when lying flat, it explained, and cause migraines. Then, his headaches disappeared. However, alongside these promising developments, the list of unanswered questions and potential hazards of using AI in medicine is long. As a consumer product, ChatGPT Health is not regulated by health privacy laws the way a medical provider’s systems are in a clinical setting. When it comes to mental health, OpenAI is currently named in multiple active lawsuits involving charges of psychological harm, including suicide-related claims. 1．What is the main function of ChatGPT Health? A．Replacing traditional healthcare consultations. B．Developing new medicines and treatment plans. C．Training medical students in diagnosis and communication. D．Providing a secure platform for sharing medical information. 2．Why is Burt Rosen’s example mentioned? A．To illustrate how AI replaces doctors. B．To argue AI only works for health issues. C．To warn patients of seeking help from AI. D．To show AI’s ability to offer health advice. 3．What does the underlined word “hazards” refer to? A．Dangers. B．Solutions. C．Regulations. D．Opportunities. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in healthcare? A．Opposed. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了ChatGPT Health在医疗领域的应用、优势、潜在问题及作者对其的客观态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In early January, the company announced the launch of a new platform, ChatGPT Health, which it says offers enhanced security for sharing medical records and data. (今年1月初，该公司宣布推出一个新平台ChatGPT Health，称该平台为共享医疗记录和数据提供了增强的安全性。)”可知，ChatGPT Health的主要功能是为共享医疗信息提供一个安全的平台。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Recently, sixty-year-old Burt Rosen, who works in marketing for a local Oregon college, told AI he was experiencing migraines (偏头痛) after sleeping. AI asked him what position he was sleeping in and suggested he use two pillows instead of one. Pressure can build when lying flat, it explained, and cause migraines. Then, his headaches disappeared. (最近，60岁的Burt Rosen在俄勒冈州当地一所大学从事市场营销工作，他告诉人工智能自己睡后偏头痛。人工智能询问了他的睡姿，并建议他用两个枕头而不是一个。它解释说，平躺时压力会增大，导致偏头痛。然后，他的头痛消失了。)”可知，提到Burt Rosen的例子是为了展示人工智能提供健康建议的能力。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“However, alongside these promising developments, the list of unanswered questions and potential hazards of using AI in medicine is long. As a consumer product, ChatGPT Health is not regulated by health privacy laws the way a medical provider’s systems are in a clinical setting. When it comes to mental health, OpenAI is currently named in multiple active lawsuits involving charges of psychological harm, including suicide-related claims. (然而，除了这些有前景的发展之外，在医学中使用人工智能的未解决问题和潜在hazards清单很长。作为一种消费品，ChatGPT Health不像医疗服务提供者的系统在临床环境中那样受健康隐私法的监管。在心理健康方面，OpenAI目前卷入多起正在进行的诉讼，涉及心理伤害指控，包括与自杀相关的指控。)”可知，人工智能在医学应用中存在很多问题，包括隐私、心理伤害等，所以hazards指的是危险。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，作者既介绍了ChatGPT Health在医疗领域的优势，如提供安全平台、提供健康建议等，也指出了其存在的问题，如不受健康隐私法监管、涉及心理伤害指控等，所以作者对人工智能在医疗保健中的应用持客观态度。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2026·四川广元·二模）A collection of jawbones, a leg bone, and a handful of vertebrae and teeth were found in Morocco recently. New research published in Nature dates these fossils (化石) — discovered in a cave called Grotte à Hominidés — to about 773,000 years ago, during the era of the last common ancestor of modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans. “We can say that the shared ancestry between these three species is perhaps in Grotte à Hominidés,” says study co-author Abderrahim Mohib. The first jawbone was discovered in 1969, with additional adult and child remains found in later years. Researchers weren’t able to interpret these fossils until they figured out their age. The key to dating the fossils was a method called magnetostratigraphy, which depends on the fact that Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) changes direction every few hundred thousand years. The polarity change can be detected in iron-rich minerals, and there was a shift 773,000 years ago, which allowed the researchers to precisely determine when the sediments (沉积物) surrounding the fossils were laid down. As to who these human bones belonged to, tiny features on them point to an in-between species — combining characteristics of older African Hominin species such as Homo erectus with those found in later African fossils and Eurasia specimens. This suggests that the Moroccan fossils represent something of an in-between species. They’re similar in age to a species from Spain called Homo antecessor that had previously been suggested as a possible common ancestor of modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans. However, the Grotte à Hominidés fossils are more of a mix of new and old. “They display a combination of primitive and more advanced characteristics, indicating human populations close to this phase of separation,” Mohib says, “They confirm the very old origins of our species’ African roots and highlight North Africa’s key role in the major stages of human evolution.” 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．The three species evolved independently in Morocco. B．Grotte à Hominidés is the only habitat of ancient humans. C．The fossils may relate to the three species’ common ancestor. D．Modern humans came directly from Morocco’s fossil remains. 2．How did researchers determine the age of the fossils? A．By analyzing the fossils’ chemical composition. B．By comparing the fossils from different periods. C．By counting sediment layers surrounding the fossils. D．By detecting direction changes in Earth’s magnetic field. 3．What do the features of the Moroccan fossils indicate? A．They are older than Homo antecessor. B．They belong entirely to Homo erectus. C．They have mixed ancient and later features. D．They are just identical to Eurasian specimens. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The exact time of human separation. B．The explanation of the fossils’ value. C．North Africa’s role in human evolution. D．The mixed features of the Moroccan fossils. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在摩洛哥一个洞穴中发现的古人类化石，介绍了化石的年代测定方法、化石特征以及这些化石在人类进化研究中的重要价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“New research published in Nature dates these fossils (化石) — discovered in a cave called Grotte à Hominidés — to about 773,000 years ago, during the era of the last common ancestor of modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans. “We can say that the shared ancestry between these three species is perhaps in Grotte à Hominidés,” says study co-author Abderrahim Mohib.(发表在《自然》杂志上的新研究将这些化石——发现于一个名为Grotte à Hominidés的洞穴中——的年代测定为大约77.3万年前，处于现代人类、尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人最后共同祖先的时代。研究合著者Abderrahim Mohib说：‘我们可以说，这三个物种的共同祖先可能就在Grotte à Hominidés。’)”可知，从第一段可以推断出这些化石可能与这三个物种的共同祖先有关。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The key to dating the fossils was a method called magnetostratigraphy, which depends on the fact that Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) changes direction every few hundred thousand years. The polarity change can be detected in iron-rich minerals, and there was a shift 773,000 years ago, which allowed the researchers to precisely determine when the sediments (沉积物) surrounding the fossils were laid down.(测定化石年代的关键是一种叫做磁性地层学的方法，它依赖于地球磁场每几十万年改变一次方向这一事实。极性的变化可以在富含铁的矿物质中检测到，77.3万年前有一次变化，这使得研究人员能够精确确定化石周围沉积物的沉积时间。)”可知，研究人员是通过检测地球磁场方向的变化来确定化石的年代的。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As to who these human bones belonged to, tiny features on them point to an in-between species — combining characteristics of older African Hominin species such as Homo erectus with those found in later African fossils and Eurasia specimens. This suggests that the Moroccan fossils represent something of an in-between species.(至于这些人类骨骼属于谁，它们身上的微小特征指向一种中间物种——结合了较古老的非洲人族物种（如直立人）的特征以及后来在非洲化石和欧亚大陆标本中发现的特征。这表明摩洛哥化石代表了一种中间物种。)”可知，摩洛哥化石的特征表明它们混合了古代和后期的特征。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘They display a combination of primitive and more advanced characteristics, indicating human populations close to this phase of separation,” Mohib says, “They confirm the very old origins of our species’ African roots and highlight North Africa’s key role in the major stages of human evolution.’(Mohib说：‘它们表现出原始和更先进特征的结合，表明人类群体接近这个分离阶段。’‘它们证实了我们物种非洲根源的古老起源，并突出了北非在人类进化主要阶段中的关键作用。’)”可知，最后一段主要是在解释这些化石的价值，即它们证实了人类物种非洲根源的古老起源，突出了北非在人类进化主要阶段中的关键作用。故选B项。 Passage 6 （2026·四川南充·二模）Bamboo is a highly renewable resource, and its cellulose (纤维素) fibres can be turned into a hard, easy-to-shape plastic for use in cars and household appliances. This bamboo-based plastic is not only as strong and long-lasting as common plastics for such uses, but also can be reused and break down easily in soil. Plastics made from living things, or bioplastics, are increasingly popular, but they still make up only around half a percent of global plastic production. This is partly because they are not as strong as oil-based plastics and can’t be easily used in common factory production processes. Now, Dawei Zhao at Shenyang University of Chemical Technology in China and his team have developed a way to produce plastic from bamboo cellulose, which can match or even beat the qualities of many widely used plastics. “Bamboo’s rapid growth makes it a highly renewable resource, though its current uses are still largely traditional,” says Zhao. Zhao’s team first treated the bamboo with certain chemicals and an acid, breaking down the strong chemical bonds to produce a mixture of smaller cellulose molecules (分子). Adding alcohol then made these molecules rearrange into a strong, solid plastic. Andrew Dove at the University of Birmingham, UK, says the plastic’s toughness is similar to commonly used engineering plastics. However, its rigidity means its possible uses aren’t the most widespread. “It’s not going to replace the main plastics used in packaging,” says Dove. “But while it’s aiming at a smaller group of engineering plastics, it could still help reduce worries about getting enough material for some plastics we use now. ” Although it isn’t as cheap as some common plastics, Zhao’s team found that it can be completely recycled while keeping 90% of its original strength, which can lower production costs, making it more lucrative. They also reported that it breaks down naturally within 50 days, although similar claims for other so-called biodegradable (可生物降解的) plastics have not always proven true. 1．What is an advantage of bamboo-based plastic? A．It is more durable than oil-based plastics. B．It is recyclable and can break down easily. C．Its fibres are stable and hold the shape well. D．Its production requires no chemical treatment. 2．How did Zhao’s team turn bamboo into solid plastic? A．By rearranging cellulose molecules with alcohol. B．By mixing bamboo with engineering plastics. C．By breaking chemical bonds to get larger molecules. D．By heating bamboo with special chemicals. 3．What can be inferred from Dove’s comment on Zhao’s bamboo plastic? A．It is too rigid to be used in any packaging products. B．It is tougher than traditional engineering plastics. C．It will replace common packaging plastics in the near future. D．It may serve specific engineering purposes despite its limits. 4．What does “lucrative” in the last paragraph mean? A．Economically attractive. B．Structurally strong. C．Easily recyclable. D．Highly durable. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国沈阳化工大学的赵大伟及其团队开发出一种由竹纤维素制成的塑料，这种塑料不仅可与许多常用塑料相媲美甚至更优，而且可回收且易降解，尽管目前成本较高，但具有降低生产成本的经济潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This bamboo-based plastic is not only as strong and long-lasting as common plastics for such uses, but also can be reused and break down easily in soil.(这种竹基塑料不仅像用于此类用途的普通塑料一样坚固耐用，而且可以重复使用，并且在土壤中容易分解。)”可知，竹基塑料的优点是可回收且容易分解。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Zhao’s team first treated the bamboo with certain chemicals and an acid, breaking down the strong chemical bonds to produce a mixture of smaller cellulose molecules (分子). Adding alcohol then made these molecules rearrange into a strong, solid plastic.(赵的团队首先用某些化学物质和酸处理竹子，分解强的化学键，产生较小的纤维素分子混合物。然后加入酒精使这些分子重新排列成一种坚固的固体塑料。)”可知，赵的团队通过用酒精重新排列纤维素分子将竹子变成固体塑料。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, its rigidity means its possible uses aren’t the most widespread. “It’s not going to replace the main plastics used in packaging,” says Dove. “But while it’s aiming at a smaller group of engineering plastics, it could still help reduce worries about getting enough material for some plastics we use now. ”(然而，它的刚性意味着它的可能用途并不是最广泛的。多夫说：“它不会取代用于包装的主要塑料。”“但是，尽管它的目标是较小的一组工程塑料，但它仍然可以帮助减少对我们现在使用的一些塑料获得足够材料的担忧。”)”可推知，尽管竹基塑料有其局限性，但它仍可能服务于特定的工程目的。故选D项。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Although it isn’t as cheap as some common plastics, Zhao’s team found that it can be completely recycled while keeping 90% of its original strength, which can lower production costs, making it more lucrative.(尽管它不像一些普通塑料那样便宜，但赵的团队发现，这种材料可以被完全回收，并且保留90%的原有强度，这能够降低生产成本，从而使其更lucrative。)”可知，这种塑料可大幅回收、降低生产成本，因此更具经济吸引力。“lucrative”意为“经济上有利可图的”。故选A项。 Passage 7 （2026·四川凉山·二模）Have you done the MBTI personality test? “Yes, I’m an INTJ,” responded Gu Ailing in a recent interview with GQ magazine. Gu’s response became a hot topic online and drew people’s attention to the test. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a test designed to identify a person’s personality type. The test result is based on four sets of opposing qualities: Extroversion (外向) vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition (直觉), Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving (感知). After answering more than 90 questions, test-takers get their four-letter personality result, including a detailed description. Gu Ailing’s result of INTJ is one of the 16 possible personality types the test reveals. Developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers in the US in the 1940s, the test grew to become the standard for personality tests. Many companies and organizations use it when hiring or evaluating staff to help them select people for certain roles. And now in China, Internet users are using it as a tool to guide their lives and relationships. But how reliable is this test? Well, it isn’t recognized as being scientifically valid, according to The Guardian. The test was based on the theories of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Even Jung warned that his personality “types” were just rough classifications that he observed. In addition, neither of the test designers was a trained psychologist. The Guardian reveals the key problem with the MBTI is that the test is too “black and white”. The results place people into only one of each of the four categories; for example, someone is either an introvert or an extrovert. But many people would surely sit somewhere in the middle of these two. Being categorized like this prevents people from appreciating their complexities and deeper selves. Tests and tools that help people better understand who they are and how they think are very powerful and can still help in some aspects of life. As science and technology develop, people can look forward to more accurate tests that truly embrace how wonderfully complex and ever-changing humans really are. 1．What can we learn about the MBTI test from the text? A．It was created by a famous Swiss psychologist. B．It divides personalities into 16 types based on four trait pairs. C．It has been used in China longer than in Western countries. D．It mainly focuses on predicting future career success. 2．Why do many companies use the MBTI test when they hire new employees? A．To reduce the cost of hiring new employees. B．To assess candidates’ professional skills directly. C．To match individuals with appropriate job positions. D．To follow the latest trends in global recruitment. 3．What does the underlined “scientifically valid” mean in paragraph 4? A．widely discussed B．scientifically supported C．scientifically understood D．widely acknowledged 4．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To encourage readers to take the MBTI test immediately. B．To explain the development of the MBTI test and its limitations. C．To prove that all personality tests are useless and unreliable. D．To compare the MBTI test with other psychological tools. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了MBTI人格测试的原理、流行现状，并指出其缺乏科学依据以及分类过于绝对的缺陷。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The test result is based on four sets of opposing qualities: Extroversion (外向) vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition (直觉), Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving (感知). (该测试结果基于四组相对的特质：外向与内向、感觉与直觉、思考与情感、以及判断与感知。)”和“Gu Ailing’s result of INTJ is one of the 16 possible personality types the test reveals. (谷爱凌的INTJ结果是该测试所显示的16种可能人格类型之一。)”可知，MBTI 测试基于四组相对特质将人格分为16种类型。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Many companies and organizations use it when hiring or evaluating staff to help them select people for certain roles. (许多公司和组织在招聘或评估员工时使用它，来帮助他们为特定职位挑选人员。)”可知，公司使用该测试是为了把人与合适的工作岗位相匹配。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Well, it isn’t recognized as being scientifically valid, according to The Guardian. The test was based on the theories of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Even Jung warned that his personality “types” were just rough classifications that he observed. In addition, neither of the test designers was a trained psychologist. (据《卫报》报道，它并不被认为是scientifically valid。该测试基于瑞士心理学家卡尔·荣格的理论。就连荣格本人也警告说，他的人格“类型”只是他所观察到的粗略分类。此外，设计这项测试的人并非专业的心理学家)”可知，测试设计者都不是受过训练的心理学家，其理论也只是粗略分类，由此推知，划线短语意为“得到科学支持的”。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“The Guardian reveals the key problem with the MBTI is that the test is too “black and white”. The results place people into only one of each of the four categories; for example, someone is either an introvert or an extrovert. But many people would surely sit somewhere in the middle of these two. Being categorized like this prevents people from appreciating their complexities and deeper selves.(《卫报》指出，MBTI 的核心问题在于测试过于 “非黑即白”。结果仅将人们归入四个维度中的某一类，比如一个人要么是内向者，要么就是外向者。但很多人显然处于两者之间的中间地带。这种简单归类会阻碍人们认识自身的复杂性与更深层的自我。)”可知，文章前面介绍了MBTI测试的含义、发展和流行，后面指出它缺乏科学依据以及过于绝对化的问题，因此作者的写作目的是解释MBTI测试的发展及其局限性。故选B项。 Passage 8 （2026·四川成都·二模）A computer that relies on fungal (真菌的) networks to store information could one day be an alternative to the current generation of memory devices, according to research published in PLOS One. Scientists have built working memristors (忆阻器) — circuitry elements that “remember” their past electrical activity — from the root-like part of a mushroom called the mycelium. The result is a memristor with performance comparable to that of a silicon-based chip, but it has its own benefits in ways many computer components today do not. “Being able to develop microchips that act like real brain cells means you don’t need a lot of power when the machine isn’t being used,” says lead researcher John LaRocco of Ohio State University. “That can bring a huge potential advantage.” Scientists have thought about using mushrooms as computer parts, mostly because fungal networks work in ways similar to neural systems. They have a similar structure. And they send information using electrical and chemical signals, just like a brain. But the fact that they aren’t actually brains means some engineering is needed to make them do what scientists need them to do. The team grew the mushroom mycelium under controlled conditions. Then they dried the samples in sunlight to ensure long-term stability. Finally, they connected them to a circuit to test their performance. “We would connect electrical wires at different points on the mushrooms,” LaRocco says. “Depending on the voltage (电压) and connectivity, we were seeing different performances.” The researchers achieved a performance of 5,850 Hertz, with an accuracy of 90 percent from their mushroom memristor - that is, it switches signals at a speed of about 5,850 times per second. The researchers also found that as the electrical voltage increased, the mushroom’s performance decreased. They were able to fix it by adding more mushrooms to the circuit. You’re not going to have a mycelial computer any time soon. Still, the findings do suggest that this is a promising path for future research. As the researchers note in their paper, “The future of computing could be fungal.” 1．What can be learned about working memristors built from mycelium? A．They are shaped like real mushrooms. B．They need less power when not working. C．They perform much better than traditional chips. D．They have become a new way to store information. 2．Why do scientists choose mushrooms as computer components? A．They have brain-like working networks. B．They can process information like humans. C．They grow quickly in controlled conditions. D．They can work with electrical signals alone. 3．What do the findings on mushroom memristors show? A．Higher voltage improves accuracy. B．Connectivity has no influence on results. C．They remain stable when voltage changes. D．Network expansion improves their performance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of creating biological computer chips. B．Advantages of mushroom-based memory devices. C．A comparison between fungal and neural networks. D．A breakthrough in developing bio-computing components. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家利用蘑菇菌丝体制造忆阻器的研究，及其性能、研究过程和未来应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Being able to develop microchips that act like real brain cells means you don’t need a lot of power when the machine isn’t being used,” says lead researcher John LaRocco of Ohio State University.(俄亥俄州立大学的首席研究员约翰·拉罗科说：“能够开发出像真正脑细胞一样工作的微芯片，意味着机器不使用时不需要消耗大量电力。”)可知，由菌丝体制成的工作忆阻器在不工作时需要的电力更少。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Scientists have thought about using mushrooms as computer parts, mostly because fungal networks work in ways similar to neural systems. They have a similar structure. And they send information using electrical and chemical signals, just like a brain.(科学家们一直考虑将蘑菇用作计算机部件，主要是因为真菌网络的工作方式与神经系统相似。它们有相似的结构。而且它们像大脑一样使用电信号和化学信号发送信息)”可知，科学家选择蘑菇作为计算机部件是因为它们有类似大脑的工作网络。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The researchers also found that as the electrical voltage increased, the mushroom’s performance decreased. They were able to fix it by adding more mushrooms to the circuit.(研究人员还发现，随着电压的增加，蘑菇的性能会下降。他们通过在电路中添加更多蘑菇解决了这个问题)”可知，蘑菇忆阻器的研究结果表明，扩展网络（添加更多蘑菇）能改善其性能。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“A computer that relies on fungal networks to store information could one day be an alternative to the current generation of memory devices, according to research published in PLOS One.(根据发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》上的一项研究，依靠真菌网络存储信息的计算机有一天可能成为当前一代存储设备的替代方案)”及全文对蘑菇菌丝体忆阻器的研究、性能的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了生物计算部件研发的一项突破。故选D项。 Passage9 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）A quiet AI revolution is unfolding in China’s countryside. In provinces like Jilin, Yunnan and Hubei, farmers are turning to AI to save their crops from flooding and disease. China is showing the world a different roadmap of AI’s path forward. Free AI services in China fuel mass adoption. DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat caused a traffic surge, absorbed by Tencent’s Yuanbao, whose DAU (Daily Active Users) jumped 20 times in two months. AI now rapidly integrates into daily life, reaching vast rural populations at scale. By making AI tools free and accessible through platforms like WeChat, China has opened the floodgates to grassroots adoption. Chinese companies have prioritized scale. And that scale is surprising: Nearly 300 million farmers, representing 20% of the national population, are potential AI users. In one Hubei village, weeks of heavy rain threatened to destroy rice fields. Consequently, farmers turned to Yuanbao. The chatbot recommended building embankments and switching to high-ridge planting — the advice arrives instantly, tailored to specific problems and images uploaded by farmers with little formal education. AI is inserted into everyday life in China. For Chinese farmers, the benefits are real and immediate. For many, AI is no longer a futuristic idea but a daily tool. While China’s rural AI surge is impressive, it faces challenges of its own. AI researchers found that most farmers didn’t know how to pose useful questions to AI chatbots unless prompted by local officials. Educational gaps remain a barrier: Even when farmers receive answers, they might not understand the technical terms involved. Without a closed loop of comprehension and action, the benefits of AI can’t be fully realized. Researchers also stress that making AI useful for the farmers as well as elders will require more than a stylish UX and bigger models. It urgently demands simplified responses, voice interfaces and solutions tailored to real-world conditions. 1．What resulted from DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat? A．Free AI services in China became available. B．Tencent’s Yuanbao saw a rapid increase in users. C．Farmers in Hubei doubled their rice production. D．The number of WeChat users dropped significantly. 2．What do the underlined words “opened the floodgates to” mean in paragraph 3? A．Blocked the way of. B．Tested the limits of. C．Increased the cost of. D．Allowed widespread entry of. 3．What will the researchers most probably do next? A．Develop larger AI models. B．Expand AI access to more cities. C．Provide simplified practical instructions. D．Teach farmers to understand technical terms. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．AI companies profit greatly from rural users. B．AI has solved all farming problems in China. C．Farmers prefer traditional methods to AI technology. D．China’s rural AI holds promise but faces challenges. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国农村地区正在兴起的AI革命，农民利用免费AI工具应对农作物灾害，尽管前景广阔，但仍面临教育鸿沟等挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat caused a traffic surge, absorbed by Tencent’s Yuanbao, whose DAU (Daily Active Users) jumped 20 times in two months. (DeepSeek接入微信引发了流量激增，由腾讯的元宝承接，其日活跃用户在两个月内激增了20倍)”可知，DeepSeek接入微信导致腾讯元宝的用户数量迅速增加。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“By making AI tools free and accessible through platforms like WeChat, China has opened the floodgates to grassroots adoption. (通过使AI工具免费并通过微信等平台提供，中国opened the floodgates to基层应用)”以及后文“And that scale is surprising: Nearly 300 million farmers, representing 20% of the national population, are potential AI users. (这个规模令人惊讶：近3亿农民，占全国人口的20%，是潜在的AI用户)”可知，免费和便捷的接入使得AI工具在基层得到广泛应用。故划线短语意为“使……广泛进入”，与“Allowed widespread entry of”同义。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researchers also stress that making AI useful for the farmers as well as elders will require more than a stylish UX and bigger models. It urgently demands simplified responses, voice interfaces and solutions tailored to real-world conditions. (研究人员还强调，让AI对农民和老年人有用，需要的不仅仅是时尚的用户体验和更大的模型。它迫切需要简化的回复、语音界面以及针对现实情况量身定制的解决方案)”可推知，研究人员接下来最可能做的事情是提供简化的实用指导。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A quiet AI revolution is unfolding in China’s countryside. In provinces like Jilin, Yunnan and Hubei, farmers are turning to AI to save their crops from flooding and disease. China is showing the world a different roadmap of AI’s path forward.(一场静悄悄的人工智能革命正在中国乡村悄然展开。在吉林、云南、湖北等省份，农民们正借助AI技术来抵御洪涝灾害和病虫害对农作物的威胁。中国正为世界描绘出一条不同的人工智能发展路径)”和第五段中“AI is inserted into everyday life in China. For Chinese farmers, the benefits are real and immediate. For many, AI is no longer a futuristic idea but a daily tool. While China’s rural AI surge is impressive, it faces challenges of its own. (人工智能正渗透进中国日常生活的方方面面。对中国农民而言，AI带来的好处切实而直接。对许多人来说，AI已不再是遥不可及的未来概念，而成为日常工具。尽管中国农村的人工智能热潮令人瞩目，但它也面临着自身的挑战)”以及后文对教育鸿沟等挑战的阐述可知，本文主要讲述了中国的农村AI应用既有前景也面临挑战。故选D项。 Passage 10 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）Recently, the list for the 2026 Sloan Research Fellowships was announced in the United States. Chinese young scientist Cao Yuan has been awarded this well-known honor. Cao Yuan, born in 1996 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China in 2014. In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度). Nature on March 5 published two major papers by Cao. It was the first time that Nature released two continuous articles with the same first author. Cao became the youngest Chinese who published an article in Nature. The discovery was a breakthrough in the area of condensed matter physics and received worldwide attention. Every year, Nature releases an issue highlighting the “ten people who mattered.” The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year. The year of 2018, the cover referred to Cao’s contributions. Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.” Humble about his achievements, Cao once said, “I just skipped some boring stuff in middle school.” He advises, “Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.” This mixture of modesty and perseverance defines his inspiring journey. 1．What honor did Cao Yuan receive in 2018? A．The most influential author. B．The Sloan Research Fellowship. C．The title of the youngest professor. D．One of Nature’s 10 people who mattered. 2．What can be inferred about Nature magazine? A．It only publishes work by young scientists. B．Its cover signals the year’s key scientific advances. C．It awards prizes to the most influential researchers. D．It focuses mainly on Chinese scientific achievements. 3．Which of the following best describes Cao Yuan? A．Diligent and persevering. B．Cautious and moody. C．Indifferent and impatient. D．Humble and dependent. 4．What message do Cao Yuan’s words in the last paragraph convey? A．Youth is wasted on the young. B．Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. C．The road to success is paved with steady small steps. D．Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍中国青年科学家曹原获2026斯隆奖，他年少成名，在石墨烯领域取得重大突破，勤奋坚韧且谦逊，告诫人们脚踏实地方能走向成功。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度).( 2018年，22岁的曹因在石墨烯超导角度方面的一项重大发现而被《自然》杂志评为当年最具影响力的科学家)”可知，曹原在2018年被列为“《自然》杂志评出的十大人物”之一。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year.(封面总是印着一个巨大的数字“10”。其设计和图案则取决于当年的重大科学进展)”可知，该杂志的封面会展示当年最重要的科学成果。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.”(曹原对科学的热爱很早就显现出来：小时候，他就喜欢买电子元件研究电路。他的天赋与勤奋令导师们印象深刻，其中曾长淦教授回忆道，曹原在本科期间就撰写了一篇 PRB 理论论文。他认为曹原非常优秀、积极主动。除了才华出众，曹原还极具毅力。《自然》杂志评价道：“尽管博士初期遭遇挫折，因实验事故导致六个月的努力付诸东流，但他只是挽起袖子，继续埋头钻研。”)”可知，曹原勤奋且坚韧不拔。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.(那些每一步都认真走的人来说，未来一定会很美好)”可知，他的话表明成功之路是由一系列稳健的小步骤铺就的。故选C。 Passage 11 （2026·四川德阳·二模）In the early 2000s, Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro noticed a puzzling trend: while obesity and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rates were rising rapidly in Brazil, household purchases of sugar, salt, and other related ingredients were actually declining. Further investigation revealed the reason: people were buying less sugar for homemade desserts but consuming more of it in pre-made pastries and breakfast cereals. Similarly, salt intake was shifting from home cooking to items like frozen pizza, chicken nuggets, and instant soups. Monteiro first used the term ultra-processed food (UPF) in a paper in 2009, arguing that people interested in promoting healthy diets should focus more on the degree, extent and purpose of processing than on nutrient profiles. This radical idea caught the attention of other researchers, who, over the next decade or so, published dozens of papers linking UPFs with obesity and a range of other health problems. Governments soon responded. Starting in 2014, Brazil advised avoiding UPFs, and countries including France and Belgium followed suit. In the United States, officials have also recently underscored UPFs as a public health concern and announced plans for further research. However, the UPF category faces skepticism. Some scientists argue it is too broad and ill-defined, as it classifies diverse foods like shop-bought yogurt with doughnuts. They question if UPFs’ health risks stem simply from being high in fat and sugar, and low in fiber and vitamins. Despite ongoing debates, existing evidence offers valuable guidance for those seeking healthy dietary choices. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Brazil. B．The changing ways of consuming sugar and salt in Brazil. C．The confusing phenomenon observed by a Brazilian researcher. D．The popularity of pre-made foods in Brazilian households. 2．What does the underlined word “underscored” in paragraph 3 mean? A．described B．emphasized C．identified D．admitted 3．What can be inferred about the UPF category? A．It lacks scientific evidence to support its accuracy. B．It ignores the nutrient profiles of processed foods. C．It fails to define fat and sugar in unhealthy foods. D．It groups different foods without clear boundaries. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage people to give up ultra-processed foods. B．To criticize the harm of ultra-processed foods to health. C．To introduce the origin and impacts of the UPF concept. D．To compare different countries’ dietary advice on UPFs. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍超加工食品概念的提出、影响及相关争议。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In the early 2000s, Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro noticed a puzzling trend: while obesity and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rates were rising rapidly in Brazil, household purchases of sugar, salt, and other related ingredients were actually declining.(21世纪初，巴西营养研究员卡洛斯·蒙特罗注意到一个令人困惑的趋势：尽管巴西的肥胖率和2型糖尿病发病率正在迅速上升，但家庭对糖、盐和其他相关成分的购买量实际上却在下降。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了一个巴西研究人员观察到的令人困惑的现象。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Governments soon responded. Starting in 2014, Brazil advised avoiding UPFs, and countries including France and Belgium followed suit. In the United States, officials have also recently underscored UPFs as a public health concern and announced plans for further research.(各国政府很快做出了回应。自2014年起，巴西建议避免食用超加工食品，法国、比利时等国也纷纷效仿。在美国，官员们近期也将超加工食品underscored为公共卫生问题，并宣布计划开展进一步研究。)”可知，美国官员也像其他国家一样，开始重视超加工食品对健康的影响，所以“underscored”意思是“强调”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, the UPF category faces skepticism. Some scientists argue it is too broad and ill-defined, as it classifies diverse foods like shop-bought yogurt with doughnuts.(然而，超加工食品类别也面临着质疑。一些科学家认为，它的范围太广，定义不明确，因为它将商店购买的酸奶和甜甜圈等不同种类的食物归为一类。)”可知，超加工食品类别将不同的食物归为一类，没有明确的界限。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段中“Monteiro first used the term ultra-processed food (UPF) in a paper in 2009, arguing that people interested in promoting healthy diets should focus more on the degree, extent and purpose of processing than on nutrient profiles.(蒙特罗在2009年的一篇论文中首次使用了“超加工食品”这一术语，他认为，对促进健康饮食感兴趣的人应该更多地关注加工的程度、范围和目的，而不是营养成分。)”以及第三段中“Governments soon responded. Starting in 2014, Brazil advised avoiding UPFs, and countries including France and Belgium followed suit.(各国政府很快做出了回应。自2014年起，巴西建议避免食用超加工食品，法国、比利时等国也纷纷效仿。)”以及最后一段中“However, the UPF category faces skepticism.(然而，超加工食品类别也面临着质疑。)”可知，文章介绍了超加工食品概念的提出、各国的应对以及相关争议，旨在介绍超加工食品概念的起源和影响。故选C。 Passage 12 （2026·四川德阳·二模）Humanoid robots have long symbolized the future — machines that walk, talk, and work alongside us. Companies like Boston Dynamics and Tesla showcase robots running or performing factory tasks. Yet a fundamental question remains: What are they actually for? In theory, a human-shaped robot could operate in human spaces using human tools. However, in reality, today’s humanoids are often slow, unstable, and extremely expensive, with components like high-torque (扭矩) motors and precision sensors driving up production costs. Behind polished demonstration videos lie countless failed attempts and teams of engineers adjusting code off-camera. This gap between promise and reality is a classic challenge in robotics. Real progress has occurred in narrow, well-defined tasks. Wheeled robots efficiently move shelves in warehouses; in comparison, robotic arms assist surgeons with unmatched precision in delicate procedures like microsurgery, reducing human error. These machines succeed because they are designed for specific jobs — not to imitate a person. Supporters believe advanced artificial intelligence will unlock the potential of humanoids. Current AI excels at pattern recognition, not physical reasoning. Teaching a robot to “pick up the cup without spilling” requires understanding weight, balance, and physics — skills humans acquire through a lifetime of embodied experience. Cost is another barrier. A general-purpose humanoid may cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, while specialized robotic arms are far cheaper and require less maintenance over time, lowering long-term operational expenses. For businesses, the practical choice is clear: single-purpose robots get the job done efficiently. Some researchers argue humanoids hold value not as replacements for humans, but as platforms for studying movement, learning, and human-robot interaction. This research aim, however, differs greatly from the popular vision of robots serving drinks or providing elderly care. Ultimately, the humanoid robot reflects our desire to see ourselves in our creations. Yet if the goal is to build truly helpful robots, we might need to move beyond the human form — and simply design machines good at their specific tasks. 1．What does the writer mention as the major limitation of humanoid robots? A．High cost and poor performance. B．Inability to operate in human spaces. C．Difficulty in copying human gestures. D．Absence of artificial intelligence support. 2．What does teaching a robot to “pick up the cup” require? A．Advanced pattern recognition skills. B．Lifetime human experience transfer. C．Adjustments by engineers off-camera. D．Understanding of physical properties. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward humanoid robots? A．Objective and reflective. B．Critical and reluctant. C．Optimistic and supportive. D．Doubtful and disappointed. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Humanoid Robots: Future or Present? B．Humanoid Robots: Progress or Challenge? C．Humanoid Robots: Evolution or Tradition? D．Humanoid Robots: Usefulness or Imagination? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了人形机器人的现状、局限性以及未来发展方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, in reality, today’s humanoids are often slow, unstable, and extremely expensive, with components like high-torque motors and precision sensors driving up production costs.(然而，在现实中，今天的人形机器人往往速度缓慢、不稳定，而且极其昂贵，其组件如高扭矩电机和精密传感器推高了生产成本。)”可知，作者提到人形机器人的主要限制是成本高且性能差。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Teaching a robot to “pick up the cup without spilling” requires understanding weight, balance, and physics — skills humans acquire through a lifetime of embodied experience.(教机器人“拿起杯子而不洒”需要理解重量、平衡和物理——这是人类通过一生的亲身经历获得的技能。)”可知，教机器人“拿起杯子”需要理解物理特性。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中作者既提到了人形机器人的现状和局限性，如成本高、性能差、需要复杂的物理理解等，也提到了它们可能的应用场景和研究价值，如作为研究运动、学习和人机交互的平台。作者并没有表现出对人形机器人的完全否定或过度乐观，而是以一种客观和反思的态度来探讨这个问题，认为如果目标是建造真正有用的机器人，可能需要超越人形，设计出擅长特定任务的机器。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文文章主要分析了人形机器人的现状、局限性以及它们是否真正有用或只是人们的想象。文章提到，尽管人形机器人在理论上可以在人类空间中使用人类工具，但实际上它们往往昂贵、缓慢且不稳定。同时，文章也探讨了人形机器人的潜在应用和研究价值，但最终认为如果目标是建造真正有用的机器人，可能需要超越人形设计。因此，选项D“人形机器人：实用性还是想象？”最能概括文章的主题。故选D。 Passage 13 （2026·四川内江·二模）In today’s rapidly urbanizing world, cities are transforming into complex digital ecosystems, and the next big shift is already underway: collaborative sensing (CS). As urban population swells and underlying facilities come under pressure, the need for intelligent, responsive, and efficient city systems has never been more urgent. Enter smart cities — urban areas powered by connected technologies — and at the heart of this transformation lies a powerful concept that is quietly reshaping urban life: collaborative sensing. CS, sometimes referred to as participatory or crowdsensing, is the process where numerous devices and people contribute data to collectively monitor, analyze, and improve a city’s operations. From detecting air pollution to maximizing traffic flow or even predicting natural disasters, CS allows cities to gain a real-time, specific understanding of what’s happening on the ground. This isn’t just about sensors planted on street lights — it’s about smartphones, vehicles, wearables, and public facilities working integratedly. This interconnected approach holds massive potential. Imagine a city where holes are identified by the shaking of your car, where garbage pickup is improved based on bin fill levels, or where the urban heat island effect is reduced through collective temperature mapping. These are not future predictions — they’re real projects already unfolding in global tech-forward cities like Singapore, Barcelona, and Amsterdam. But this shift isn’t without its questions. Who owns the data? How do we balance monitoring and privacy? And can smaller or developing cities tap into this wave of innovation? Looking ahead, the question is no longer if cities will adopt CS — it’s how quickly and how responsibly. Whether you’ re a policymaker, urban planner, developer, or engaged citizen, now is the time to get involved in shaping the connected cities of tomorrow and dive deep into how CS is redefining the blueprint for smart cities. 1．What does the underlined word “swells” mean in paragraph 1? A．Expands. B．Appears. C．Removes. D．Stabilizes. 2．What can be inferred about CS in paragraphs 2-3? A．It relies mainly on public sensors. B．Daily devices can be used as its tools. C．Tech-forward cities gain more from it. D．Its projects are resisted in advanced cities. 3．Why does the writer raise questions in paragraph 4? A．To suggest that CS be delayed indefinitely. B．To prove that privacy outweighs innovation. C．To imply that CS is inaccessible to poor cities. D．To show that unresolved issues need attention. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A Fresh Solution for Smarter Cities. B．Smart Cities in Wealthy Urban Areas. C．Smartphone-Driven City Management. D．Potential Risks in Urban Data Collection. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了协同感知（CS）作为智慧城市建设中的一项创新技术，阐述了其定义、工作原理、实际应用案例以及面临的挑战，展望了其在城市发展中的前景。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“As urban population swells and underlying facilities come under pressure, the need for intelligent, responsive, and efficient city systems has never been more urgent.( 随着城市人口swells，基础设施面临压力，对智能、响应迅速且高效的城市系统的需求从未如此迫切)”可推知，swells与under pressure“承受压力”对应，指人口“增长、膨胀”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“This isn’t just about sensors planted on street lights — it’s about smartphones, vehicles, wearables, and public facilities working integratedly.(这不只是关于安装在路灯上的传感器——还包括智能手机、车辆、可穿戴设备和公共设施协同工作)”可推知，日常设备如智能手机等都可以作为CS的工具。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But this shift isn’t without its questions. Who owns the data? How do we balance monitoring and privacy? And can smaller or developing cities tap into this wave of innovation?(但这种转变并非没有问题。谁拥有数据？如何平衡监控与隐私？较小的或发展中的城市能否利用这波创新浪潮？)”可推知，作者提出这些问题是为了表明CS在实施过程中还存在数据所有权、隐私保护、普及性等未解决的问题，需要引起关注和解决。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了协同感知（CS）这一新兴技术如何重新定义智慧城市建设，阐述了其概念、应用优势及面临的挑战。由此可知，A选项A Fresh Solution for Smarter Cities“智慧城市的新解决方案”最能概括全文主旨，适合作本文标题。B、C选项过于片面，D选项仅涉及文章部分内容。故选A。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·四川雅安·二模）East Africa’s Rift Valley (东非大裂谷) provides a unique window into the evolutionary history of humanity. Its deep lakes and sheltered canyons create conditions that nurtured early humans. Those geological forces may also push open a door to the future by making it possible to capture and store global-warming carbon dioxide cheaply from the air. James Irungu Mwangi, a Kenyan environmentalist, calls the area the “Great Carbon Valley”. He believes the rift has two key advantages for “direct air capture” (DAC) stations: renewable energy and suitable geology to store carbon. In fact, DAC plants need plenty of energy. Electricity drives fans to pass air over chemicals that absorb carbon dioxide, while more heat is required to make the chemicals release the gas. The Rift Valley is particularly suited to meet this energy demand due to its unique geological features. With thin Earth’s outer layer and great geothermal (地热的) potential, Kenya can generate huge geothermal power, and waste steam from geothermal stations can heat DAC equipment. As most of Kenya’s power is renewable, DAC will not increase global warming. Capturing CO2 is only part of the process; it must be safely stored. The Rift Valley’s extensive porous basalt, a volcanic rock, is ideal for this: CO2 dissolved in water is injected into the rock, reacts with basalt to form carbon-rich minerals, and will not leak back into the atmosphere. This model is not merely theoretical. A similar combination of geothermal energy and volcanic rock has already attracted companies elsewhere. Climeworks, a Swiss firm, opened the world’s biggest DAC plant in Iceland in 2021. It can remove some 4,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year from the atmosphere at a cost of $600 — 800 a tonne. Kenyan startup Octavia Carbon is building the world’s second-largest DAC plant in the Rift Valley. Its founder hopes to sequester carbon dioxide much more cheaply, thanks to low-cost renewable energy, geothermal steam and lower labor costs for skilled workers. Its pilot plant will be completed next year at a cost below $500 per tonne, with a goal to drop it under $100 in five years, far cheaper than industry forecasts. 1．What does Paragraph 3 imply about DAC plants in the Rift Valley? A．They will release chemicals. B．They can operate sustainably. C．They require more heat to pass air. D．They generate most of Kenya’s power. 2．Why does the author mention Climeworks? A．To tell how successful the DAC plant is in Iceland. B．To show the heat-and-rock model works in practice. C．To establish the theoretical value of the biggest DAC plant. D．To prove high costs of carbon removal through DAC plants. 3．What does the underlined word “sequester” most probably mean? A．Trap. B．Release. C．Discover. D．Consume. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Direct Air Capture: A New Technology to Save Energy B．East Africa’s Rift Valley: A Window to Human Evolution C．Geothermal Energy: The Best Solution to Global Warming D．The Great Carbon Valley: A Promising Future for Carbon Removal 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东非大裂谷因独特地质与丰富可再生能源，成为低成本捕集并封存二氧化碳的“大碳谷”，相关实践项目已落地且成本有望大幅降低。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The Rift Valley is particularly suited to meet this energy demand due to its unique geological features. With thin Earth’s outer layer and great geothermal (地热的) potential, Kenya can generate huge geothermal power, and waste steam from geothermal stations can heat DAC equipment. As most of Kenya’s power is renewable, DAC will not increase global warming. (东非大裂谷因其独特的地质特征而特别适合满足这一能源需求。该地区地壳表层较薄，且具有巨大的地热能潜力，肯尼亚能够大量开发地热能，并且地热电站产生的废蒸汽可以用于加热DAC设备。由于肯尼亚的大部分电力都是可再生能源，因此DAC不会导致全球变暖加剧。)”可知，东非大裂谷地热资源丰富，能源多为可再生的，DAC设备运行不会加剧全球变暖，说明其运行具有可持续性。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中“A similar combination of geothermal energy and volcanic rock has already attracted companies elsewhere. Climeworks, a Swiss firm, opened the world’s biggest DAC plant in Iceland in 2021. It can remove some 4,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year from the atmosphere at a cost of $600 — 800 a tonne. (类似的利用地热能和火山岩的技术已经在其他地方吸引了众多企业。瑞士的Climeworks于2021年在冰岛开设了全球最大的DAC工厂。该工厂每年能够从大气中去除约4000吨二氧化碳，成本为每吨600至800美元。)”可知，作者提及Climeworks是为了证明“地热+火山岩储碳”的模式不只是理论，已在现实中成功应用。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Kenyan startup Octavia Carbon is building the world’s second-largest DAC plant in the Rift Valley. (肯尼亚初创企业Octavia Carbon正在东非大裂谷地区建设世界上第二大的DAC工厂。)”以及第四段中“Capturing CO2 is only part of the process; it must be safely stored. (捕获二氧化碳只是整个过程的一部分；还需要将其安全地进行储存。)”可知，DAC工厂不仅要捕获空气中的二氧化碳，还要做好安全储存工作，此处指将二氧化碳封存，画线词的意思应该与trap“把……困住”相近。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Those geological forces may also push open a door to the future by making it possible to capture and store global-warming carbon dioxide cheaply from the air. (这些地质力量或许还能为未来开辟一条道路，即能够以低廉的成本从空气中捕获并储存导致全球变暖的二氧化碳。)”可知，文章介绍东非大裂谷因独特地质与丰富可再生能源，成为低成本捕集、封存二氧化碳的理想区域，并提及相关项目进展。因此，D项“大碳谷：碳去除的光明前景”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）Dreschel is going for his daily morning walk around Thalangama Wetland, in Sri Lanka’s capital Colombo. The sun casts a warm glow over flowering pink water lilies (睡莲) as a farmer washes down his water buffalo. A kingfisher hovers (盘旋) nearby. But this hasn’t always been the case. About 15 years ago, Thalangama’s wetlands were polluted and filled with rubbish. Dreschel, the country manager at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Colombo, recalled a decade ago he began cleaning the lake alone. Surprisingly, passersby stopped to help. Inspired the community formed the Thalangama Wetland Watch. Colombo, a Ramsar wetland city, located in a river basin and naturally trending to floods, relies on its wetlands as natural flood barriers, absorbing 40% of floodwaters. They also sink carbon, purify air, and control temperatures. Historically central to local life, they now help reduce climate change, pollution, and stress for residents in high-rise buildings. It is said that after significant flooding events the government realized wetlands are a significant flood control mechanism and began to act, launching a revival strategy to restore these critical ecosystems. The metro Colombo wetland management strategy was introduced in 2016, which aims to include wetlands in urban planning, prevent further wetland loss, restore the ecosystems and involve the local community in their conservation. Following that, wetlands were included into urban infrastructure by constructing cycling tracks, jogging paths and recreational areas around them. Invasive species were almost cleaned and new soil and wetland plants were introduced to attract birds and other animals. Green infrastructure projects have reconnected people with Colombo’s wetlands. Communities like Wetland Watch now maintain them, boosting property values. The Ramsar status temporarily stopped wetland destruction. But an expert warns that coordinated efforts are essential to resist growing flood risks. He emphasizes that public education on wetlands is crucial for urban resilience. Another notes a fundamental urgency to protect these ecosystems. “If we lose our wetlands, Colombo will be unlivable.” 1．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Dreschel’s morning walk? A．To recommend a way to protect wetlands. B．To show Dreschel’s healthy and peaceful life. C．To present a scene full of life around The wetland. D．To suggest benefits of morning walks in Sri Lanka. 2．What is the function of the wetland? A．Releasing the impact of floods. B．Providing residential areas for people. C．Preventing climate change and pollution. D．Improving air quality by removing pollutants. 3．What can be inferred about the government’s restoration measures? A．They removed all invasive species. B．They integrated wetlands into urban life. C．They prioritized economy over ecology. D．They relocated communities over wetlands. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．How a Walk Saved a Wetland B．Colombo: A City Built on Wetlands C．The Future of Sri Lanka’s Waterways D．Wetlands: From Wasteland to Lifeline 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斯里兰卡科伦坡的Thalangama湿地曾遭严重污染，后经政府策略实施与社区共同努力，成功恢复并成为城市不可或缺的生命线。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The sun casts a warm glow over flowering pink water lilies (睡莲) as a farmer washes down his water buffalo. A kingfisher hovers (盘旋) nearby.(太阳在盛开的粉色睡莲上洒下温暖的光辉，一位农民正在清洗他的水牛。一只翠鸟在附近盘旋)”可知，作者通过描述Dreschel晨走时看到的湿地生机勃勃的景象，来呈现湿地周围充满生命力的场景。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Colombo, a Ramsar wetland city, located in a river basin and naturally trending to floods, relies on its wetlands as natural flood barriers, absorbing 40% of floodwaters. They also sink carbon, purify air, and control temperatures.(科伦坡，一个拉姆萨尔湿地城市，位于河谷中，自然容易发生洪水，它依靠湿地作为天然的防洪屏障，吸收40%的洪水。它们还能吸收碳、净化空气和控制温度)”可知，湿地的功能包括吸收洪水，即减轻洪水的影响。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The metro Colombo wetland management strategy was introduced in 2016, which aims to include wetlands in urban planning, prevent further wetland loss, restore the ecosystems and involve the local community in their conservation. Following that, wetlands were included into urban infrastructure by constructing cycling tracks, jogging paths and recreational areas around them.(科伦坡都市区湿地管理战略于2016年出台，旨在将湿地纳入城市规划，防止湿地进一步流失，恢复生态系统，并让当地社区参与保护。随后，通过在湿地周围建设自行车道、慢跑道和休闲区，湿地被纳入城市基础设施)”可知，政府的恢复措施包括将湿地纳入城市规划和基础设施，即将湿地融入城市生活。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段中“But an expert warns that coordinated efforts are essential to resist growing flood risks. He emphasizes that public education on wetlands is crucial for urban resilience. Another notes a fundamental urgency to protect these ecosystems. “If we lose our wetlands, Colombo will be unlivable.”(但一位专家警告说，协调一致的努力对于抵御日益增长的洪水风险至关重要。他强调，对公众进行湿地教育对于城市韧性至关重要。另一位专家指出，保护这些生态系统具有根本性的紧迫性。“如果我们失去了湿地，科伦坡将无法居住。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了Thalangama湿地从被污染到恢复的过程，以及湿地对城市的重要性，因此最适合的标题是“Wetlands: From Wasteland to Lifeline(湿地：从荒地到生命线)”。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·四川成都·二模）Readers may be familiar with the humorous idea that humans are only the third-cleverest species on Earth after mice and dolphins. But perhaps Douglas Adams should have included dolphins’ cetacean cousins. In a paper just published in Open Mind, CETI researchers describe a strikingly human-like feature in whale communication. Sperm whales communicate using a series of clicks researchers call “codas”, which look a lot like vowels in human languages. For linguists, vowels are characterized by the free flow of air through a vibrating vocal tract. In contrast, consonants involve disruptions of the airflow. A vowel’s basic pitch(technically called F0)is determined by the speaker’s sex and body size. But by moving tongue and lips we shape the sound into higher-pitched “formants”(F1, F2, F3, etc.). Whether we hear an “ah” or an “ee” depends on the relationship between these formants. To humans, sperm-whale codas do not sound like pitches at all; the clicks are much too infrequent and irregular. The clicks become a continuous tone only when they occur 20 to 40 times per second. But when the whales’ silences were removed in software, the researchers could consider them as pitches nevertheless, and look more closely at their other qualities. The next step was taken with the help of artificial intelligence(AI). The researchers used an AI system trained to learn human language to examine the codas. Gasper Begus, a linguist at the University of California and the study’s lead author, says that the AI led them to study the pitch patterns of the clicks — ones that work like human vowel sounds. Sure enough, the whale codas contained two sound patterns resembling those in the F1 and F2 formants of human vowels, but at a much lower pitch. Based on this resemblance, the researchers called them the a-coda and i-coda vowels. They even found that whales could produce diphthongs — two vowels gliding quickly from one to another, like the ah-ee sound in English words like “ride” and “time”. The whales do all this often in what researchers call “conversations”. Exactly what the whales may be saying to each other remains unknown — although working that out is CETI’s eventual goal. That will require a large body of vocalizations to study, as well as an equally big number of observations of how the animals behave and interact with each other. 1．Why does the author refer to Douglas Adams’s joke about mice, dolphins and humans? A．To illustrate a point B．To give an example C．To make a comparison D．To introduce a topic 2．What does the word “disruptions” underlined in paragraph 2 mean? A．complete stops B．breaks in flow C．increases in speed D．extra energy 3．What do we know about sperm whales from the passage? A．They communicate in quite a similar way to humans. B．They produce continuous clicks that sound like pitches. C．They create click patterns resembling human vowels. D．They could produce diphthongs like “ride” and “time”. 4．What can we infer about the CETI researchers from the last paragraph? A．They have paid more attention to the whales’ vocalizations than to their behaviors. B．They have uncovered the nature of the whales’ social behaviors and interactions. C．They will decode the whales’ calls by observing their behaviors and interactions. D．They will carry out more research to better understand the whales’ conversations. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，抹香鲸的咔哒交流声（尾音）与人类元音的音峰模式高度相似，甚至能发出双元音。目前其具体含义仍未知，研究人员将开展更多研究以破解它们的交流内容。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Readers may be familiar with the humorous idea that humans are only the third-cleverest species on Earth after mice and dolphins. But perhaps Douglas Adams should have included dolphins’ cetacean cousins. In a paper just published in Open Mind, CETI researchers describe a strikingly human-like feature in whale communication. Sperm whales communicate using a series of clicks researchers call “codas”, which look a lot like vowels in human languages.( 读者们或许都听说过这样一个有趣的说法：人类在地球上仅次于老鼠和海豚的智力排名中仅位列第三。但或许道格拉斯·亚当斯本应该把海豚的鲸类近亲也纳入其中。在刚刚发表于《开放思维》杂志的一篇论文中，CETI研究人员描述了鲸鱼交流中一个与人类极为相似的特征。抹香鲸通过一系列的咔哒声进行交流，研究人员将这些咔哒声称为“尾音”，它们看起来与人类语言中的元音非常相似。)”可知，文章开头用幽默的说法引出海豚、鲸鱼这类动物，随后转入核心话题：鲸鱼的交流方式存在类似人类语言的特征。引用笑话的目的是引出本文主题。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句中的“In contrast(相比之下)”一词明确和前一句建立了对比关系。前一句“For linguists, vowels are characterized by the free flow of air through a vibrating vocal tract.( 对于语言学家来说，元音的特点是空气在振动的声道中自由流动。)”指出“元音的特点是气流自由通过振动的声道”，由此可推断，后一句所描述的辅音应与“自由通过”形成相反情况，即气流会受到某种阻碍或干扰。因此，“disruptions”在此语境中应理解为“气流的中断或阻断”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sperm whales communicate using a series of clicks researchers call “codas”, which look a lot like vowels in human languages.( 抹香鲸通过一系列的咔哒声进行交流，研究人员将这些咔哒声称为“尾音”，它们看起来与人类语言中的元音非常相似。)”以及第五段中“Sure enough, the whale codas contained two sound patterns resembling those in the F1 and F2 formants of human vowels, but at a much lower pitch.( 果然，鲸鱼的尾音包含了两种类似于人类元音 F1 和 F2 形成频率的音调模式，但音调要低得多。)”可知，抹香鲸的尾音（咔哒声模式）与人类元音相似。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Exactly what the whales may be saying to each other remains unknown — although working that out is CETI’s eventual goal. That will require a large body of vocalizations to study, as well as an equally big number of observations of how the animals behave and interact with each other.( 至于鲸鱼之间究竟在彼此传达什么信息，目前仍不得而知——尽管弄清楚这一点是 CETI的最终目标。这将需要大量的声音记录来进行研究，同时还需要对这些动物的行为以及它们之间的互动进行大量的观察。)”可推知，目前仍未弄懂鲸鱼的交流内容，研究人员需要开展更多研究。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2026·四川凉山·二模）The preservation of the Arctic is necessary for the well-being of people on a global scale. Unfortunately, the Arctic currently faces many interconnected issues, two of which are climate change and changes in biological diversity. The World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) said that the Arctic is heating up at a rate of almost twice the global average. Greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor, are likely to blame. Rising temperatures and the reduction of sea ice pose the most significant danger to Arctic wildlife. Walruses and polar bears rely on sea ice to rest, hunt, breed and migrate. Without it, they’re threatened with starvation and declining birth rates, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Warming temperatures also threaten animals such as reindeer and the migration patterns of fish. New species are moving in from the south to take advantage of these rising temperatures. The warming Arctic tundra is bringing in new competitors such as the red fox, which is threatening the native Arctic fox. Red foxes take over Arctic fox dens and kill them, according to the WWF. Scientists have also said that the killer whale population is increasing, which may lead to a decrease in the native narwhal population. Although it remains important for the international community to help the Arctic Circle, Arctic countries must also play an active role. In the US state of Alaska, an engineer named Dr Leslie Field and her research team at a nonprofit called Ice 911 (now Arctic Ice Project) have been testing a solution to melting sea ice. To increase the “albedo effect (反射效应)”, she has been experimenting with spreading silica microbeads (二氧化硅微粒), which are environmentally friendly, across the sea ice, according to online magazine Grist. So far, each application of the beads has made the ice thicker and more reflective — a promising potential answer to the Arctic’s sea ice melt. The WWF recommends a global transition to 100 percent renewable energy through clean energy sources such as wind, geothermal or solar. Also, instead of supporting oil and gas, Arctic governments need to finance renewable energy. Protecting the Arctic is the key to protecting the future. The time to act is now. 1．What mainly contributes to the Arctic’s rapid warming according to the text? A．The migration of new species. B．The decline of sea ice. C．The quickly rising temperatures. D．The greenhouse gas emissions. 2．Which may become strong competitors in the Arctic region now? A．Walruses. B．Reindeer. C．Red foxes. D．Narwhals. 3．How does the author develop paragraph 5? A．By giving an example. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By giving a definition. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The Arctic ecosystem is facing various threats. B．Different countries should work together to protect the Arctic. C．There are some proposed solutions to protecting the Arctic from melting. D．The WWF has made many recommendations for Arctic protection. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北极生态系统面临气候变化、生物多样性变化等威胁及应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) said that the Arctic is heating up at a rate of almost twice the global average. Greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor, are likely to blame. (世界自然基金会表示，北极变暖的速度几乎是全球平均水平的两倍。二氧化碳、甲烷和水蒸气等温室气体排放可能是罪魁祸首。)”可知，温室气体排放是北极快速变暖的主要原因。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The warming Arctic tundra is bringing in new competitors such as the red fox, which is threatening the native Arctic fox. (变暖的北极苔原带来了新的竞争者，如赤狐，它正威胁着当地的北极狐。)”可知，赤狐现在可能成为北极地区的强大竞争者。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“In the US state of Alaska, an engineer named Dr Leslie Field and her research team at a nonprofit called Ice 911 (now Arctic Ice Project) have been testing a solution to melting sea ice. (在美国阿拉斯加州，一位名叫莱斯利·菲尔德博士的工程师和她在名为“冰911 (现为北极冰项目)”的非营利组织的研究团队一直在测试一种解决海冰融化的方法。)”可知，作者通过举例莱斯利·菲尔德博士及其团队测试解决海冰融化方法这一事例来展开第五段内容。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The preservation of the Arctic is necessary for the well-being of people on a global scale. Unfortunately, the Arctic currently faces many interconnected issues, two of which are climate change and changes in biological diversity. (北极的保护对全球人类的福祉至关重要。不幸的是，北极目前面临许多相互关联的问题，其中两个是气候变化和生物多样性变化。)”、第五段“Scientists have also said that the killer whale population is increasing, which may lead to a decrease in the native narwhal population.(到目前为止，每一种珠子的应用都使冰层更厚、更具反射性——这是解决北极海冰融化问题的一个有希望的潜在方法。)”以及第六段“The WWF recommends a global transition to 100 percent renewable energy through clean energy sources such as wind, geothermal or solar.(世界自然基金会建议全球通过风能、地热能或太阳能等清洁能源向100%可再生能源过渡)”可知，文章提出北极面临的问题，介绍了应对北极融化的多种保护方案，所以文章主旨为有一些保护北极免于融化的解决方案。故选C项。 Passage5 （2026·四川成都·二模）The moment Daniel Swain wakes up, he gets whipped about (猛烈吹袭) by hurricane-force winds. “A Category 5, literally overnight, hits Acapulco,” says the 34-year-old climate scientist and self-described weather enthusiast, who is hit daily by the flood of catastrophic weather headlines: wildfires, megafloods, haboobs (an intense dust storm) , atmospheric rivers, bomb cyclones. Everyone’s asking: Did climate change cause these disasters? And, more and more, they want Swain to answer. Swain is at the same time 1,600 miles away from the hurricane and at the eye of storm. His ability to explain science to the masses has made him one of the media’s go-to climate experts. He’s a staff research scientist at UCLA’s Institute of the Environment and Sustainability who spends more than 1,100 hours each year on public-facing climate and weather communication, explaining whether (often, yes) and how climate change is raising the number and intensifying the fierceness of weather disasters. “Climate change is an increasingly big part of what’s driving weather extremes today,” Swain says. “I connect the dots between the two. There’s a lot of misunderstanding about how a warming climate affects day-to-day variations in weather, but my goal is to push public perception toward what the science actually says.” So, when reporters call him, he does his best to call them back. “Daniel had a very clear vision about how he wanted to contribute to science and the world, using social media and his website,” says Kareiva, a research professor at UCLA．“We will not solve climate change without a movement, and communication and social media are key to that. Most science papers are never even read. What we do as scientists only matters if it has an impact on the world. We need at least 100 more Daniels.” As global warming continues to worsen, it’s easy to get pulled into overly dramatic ways of looking at where the world is going amid catastrophic weather headlines. Daniel Swain helps people know how we can better face those fears with the use of scientific accuracy, which makes his role incredibly valuable. 1．Why do people want Daniel Swain to answer their disaster-related questions? A．He makes specialised knowledge accessible. B．He is widely recognised by the public and the media. C．He is an expert in environmental sustainability research. D．He works at the eye of storm with first-hand information. 2．What can we learn from Kareiva’s words? A．Climate change is widely misunderstood. B．The public should value scientific work more. C．Scientists should engage the public like Swain. D．Social media has a direct impact on climate change. 3．How can Daniel Swain be described? A．Helpful and optimistic. B．Easy-going and humorous. C．Responsible and serious. D．Purposeful and knowledgeable. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．The Weather Man: Approaching Fear with Science B．A Valuable Job: Connecting Science with Social Media C．An Inspiring Figure: Confronting Climate Change Bravely D．A Distinctive Scientist: Interpreting Climate from a Unique Perspective 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了气候科学家Daniel Swain向公众科普气候变化与极端天气的关系及其重要价值。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“His ability to explain science to the masses has made him one of the media’s go-to climate experts.(他向大众科普科学知识的能力，让他成为媒体首选的气候专家之一。)”可知，他能向大众解释科学知识，让专业知识变得易懂。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容““Daniel had a very clear vision about how he wanted to contribute to science and the world, using social media and his website,” says Kareiva, a research professor at UCLA. “We will not solve climate change without a movement, and communication and social media are key to that. Most science papers are never even read. What we do as scientists only matters if it has an impact on the world. We need at least 100 more Daniels.”(“Daniel对于如何利用社交媒体和个人网站为科学和世界做出贡献，有着非常清晰的想法。”加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究教授Kareiva说，“没有一场广泛的社会运动，我们就无法解决气候变化问题，而沟通和社交媒体是关键。大多数科研论文甚至从未被人阅读过。我们科学家所做的工作，只有对世界产生影响才有意义。我们至少还需要100个像Daniel这样的人。”)”可知，Kareiva认为科学家应该像Swain一样向公众科普、与公众互动。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“His ability to explain science to the masses has made him one of the media’s go-to climate experts.(他向大众科普科学知识的能力，让他成为媒体首选的气候专家之一。)”可知，他知识渊博，专业能力强；再根据第三段他所说的话“There’s a lot of misunderstanding about how a warming climate affects day-to-day variations in weather, but my goal is to push public perception toward what the science actually says.(很多人对气候变暖如何影响日常天气变化存在误解，但我的目标是让公众的认知贴近科学事实。)”可知，他做科普的目标明确。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Daniel Swain helps people know how we can better face those fears with the use of scientific accuracy, which makes his role incredibly valuable.(Daniel Swain帮助人们学会如何用科学事实更好地面对这些恐惧，这让他的角色变得极具价值。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了气候科学家Daniel Swain通过向大众解释科学知识，帮助人们用科学准确性的方式面对灾难带来的恐惧，A选项“气象使者：用科学直面恐惧”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 Passage6 （2026·四川绵阳·二模）Think of Christmas, what animals will you have in mind? In the face of climate change, let’s take a look at how the Christmas-related animals are weathering the warmth. Reindeer cannot handle the pace and scale of modern warming. It is surprising, given that the species survived the rapid warming that ended the last Ice Age about 20,000 years ago. Researchers explain that their past adaptations — spreading into cooler places — are ineffective today. Current warming is global. Their range has reduced, and cool shelters are rare. Climate models suggest their numbers could shrink by 98% by 2100. Alarmingly, fewer reindeer could actually make climate change worse. Researchers from Finland and Alaska found that, in far northern forests, soils release more carbon dioxide rather than storing it. But reindeer can counteract that effect. If reindeer are grazing (放牧) under the trees, the soil still traps carbon — even when there is no snow. However, in warmer tropical seas, another “Christmas” creature presents a different story. Christmas tree worms are colorful marine worms found in tropical coral reefs, known for their distinctive shape that resembles a Christmas tree. They may serve as guardians to help protect coral reefs by attaching to corals and staying immobile for the rest of their lives. The adult worms circulate water around the coral, which helps the coral eat. And baby coral polyps (珊瑚虫) find shelter under the Christmas tree’s branches, where they can hide from predators like the sea star. Because of this, scientists think we might be able to use Christmas tree worms as a way of learning about the health of coral. A 2022 study by students at the University of California Berkeley found a correlation between healthy coral and higher numbers of Christmas tree worms. It’s possible that, in the future, these worms could become an early warning signal — showing scientists where corals are under stress from warming seas. From Santa’s reindeer to the festive sea worms, our changing world is changing life for creatures great and small. While some of these animals are struggling, a few may be key to helping us adapt to the future. 1．What might happen if the reindeer population grew? A．Soil would release more nutrients. B．Other grass-eaters would decline rapidly. C．Carbon storage in soil might improve. D．Snow cover would $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·四川广安·二模）Green tea is widely recognized for its proven potential to protect the heart, brain and metabolism, while sugary bottled and bubble teas may do far more harm than good to human health. This is the finding of a comprehensive scientific research, recently published by a professional research team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The research links regular tea consumption, especially green tea, to significantly reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Regular drinkers also show slower age-related cognitive decline, better muscle preservation and lower all-cause death rates. These positive effects are supported by both laboratory tests and long-term human observation studies. Its health benefits mainly come from natural polyphenols (多酚), especially catechins (儿茶素). Green tea has been studied exhaustively, while the exact health effects of black, oolong and white tea remain less explored by the scientific community. Yet the research also warns of hidden health risks tied to commercial tea products. Highly processed options like bottled and bubble teas often contain harmful artificial additives, such as added sugars, sweeteners and preservatives. Heavy long-term tea drinkers may also face low-level risks from pesticide residues or heavy metals in a small number of tea leaf samples. These risks are often overlooked by most daily tea drinkers. Overall, the study concludes that freshly brewed tea offers the most reliable and consistent health benefits. Moderate regular intake of brewed tea may effectively cut risks of common chronic diseases, while processed tea products should be consumed with proper caution. The authors note further targeted research is needed to clarify effects across different tea types and consumer groups, to provide scientific guidance for public daily tea drinking habits. 1．What does the underlined word “exhaustively” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．In a wide range. B．In an overlooked manner. C．In a brief manner. D．In a repeated way. 2．How does the author develop the content in the third paragraph? A．By quoting the research review. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving definitions. D．By providing examples. 3．What is the authors’ attitude towards freshly brewed tea? A．Objective. B．Approving. C．Cautious. D．Reserved. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The unique health benefits of green tea. B．Hidden risks of commercial processed teas. C．A scientific review on tea and human health. D．Effects of different teas on human body. Passage 2 （2026·四川成都·二模）Years ago, as a young business reporter, I interviewed James Patterson, an advertising executive who ran a fast-food chain account, and yet dreamed of being a novelist instead. I remember thinking: Sure, you and everybody else. A decade or so later, however, I was surprised to see the adman on TV, holding up his new book. He has since published more than 100 New York Times best sellers and co-authored books with the likes of Bill Clinton and Dolly Parton. Mr. Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer illustrates a concept known as “possible selves”. It describes how people envision their futures: what they may become, or want to become, or even fear becoming. The term, coined in 1986 by the social psychologists Hazel Markus and Paula Nurius, grew out of research on self-concept and self-perception. While self-concepts — “I am a kind person” or “I am a good parent” — are rooted in the present, the researchers found that people are also informed by ideas about what they might become and how they might change. These possible selves, both positive and negative, are closely related to motivation. A violin student who envisions life as a professional musician might be motivated to practice. A person whose feared possible self is an alcoholic may become a non-drinker. In a small study, when young adults were encouraged to envision themselves as either regular exercisers (hoped-for selves) or inactive (feared selves), both groups exercised more in the weeks afterward. And researchers have found that constructing positive possible selves can improve well-being and relieve symptoms of depression by holding out the potential for a better future. A possible self can take you beyond daydreams, which are often fleeting and not necessarily grounded in reality. It can take shape “if you build a bridge from your ‘now’ self to the possible self,” Dr. Markus said. But how do we construct that bridge? 1．Why is James Patterson mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To tell a story. B．To inspire the readers. C．To reveal the topic. D．To introduce the figure. 2．Which of the following is an example of one’s “possible selves”? A．I am a diligent student. B．I want to travel abroad. C．I could have become a dentist. D．I worry about being lonely. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Those who fear failure may end up being a loser. B．Knowing what can be achieved benefits mental health. C．A clear ambition guarantees one’s success in the future. D．A positive possible self is more motivating than a negative one. 4．What might be mentioned in the following paragraph? A．How to create more possibilities. B．How to realise one’s potential. C．How to build spiritual connections. D．How to cultivate self-awareness. Passage 3 （2026·四川绵阳·二模）You have probably had the experience of waking up in the middle of the night with an idea. It was such a good one that you told yourself to remember it the next morning. But, like the memory of your dreams, it fades fast away. One practical step you can take now is to keep a pencil or pad by your bed. Sometimes, you can also carry a pocket notebook so that ideas that strike you while waiting for someone or travelling on a train can be recorded. Later, you can transfer these jottings to your main notebook. Apart from extending memory, the practice of keeping a notebook of those materials has one fairly obvious further benefit. The labor of copying them out gives you occasion to reflect deeply on them. As you slowly write, you have to pay attention to both the exact form and the content of what is being said. The act of writing impresses the words more deeply on your mind. There are two important principles in keeping a notebook as a tool for creative thinking. First, write down ideas in the order they come to you. Give each idea a short title and, if possible, add the date. Do not try to organize everything too carefully, such as putting notes on cards or arranging them in alphabetical order. The second principle is to note down whatever impresses you as stimulating, interesting or memorable. At this stage, it does not matter whether the idea is right or wrong. What matters most is that it interests you. As Shakespeare once said, “No profit grows where no pleasure is taken.” In this form, your notebook is a very useful tool for creative thinking on a variety of subjects that concern you, for this method brings together very diverse materials. When you look through your notebook, you will begin to notice various groups of links and connections. It is the mixing of these unrelated ideas—bringing together things that usually do not go together—that makes your notebook a source of new ideas. 1．What does the underlined word “jottings” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Short written notes. B．Careful long records. C．Personal daily diaries. D．Printed study materials. 2．What is a benefit of keeping a notebook? A．It encourages labor. B．It shifts attention. C．It weakens memory. D．It facilitates thinking. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning Shakespeare’s words in paragraph 3? A．The importance of interest. B．The pleasure of profit. C．The arrangement of entries. D．The impression of ideas. 4．How does the notebook help generate new thoughts? A．By recording one type of subjects. B．By deleting disordered connections. C．By organizing notes alphabetically. D．By linking unrelated ideas together. 主题 02 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·四川成都·二模）By age 2, most kids know how to play pretend. They turn their bedrooms into faraway castles and hold make-believe tea parties. The ability to make something out of nothing may seem uniquely human. Now, for the first time, an experiment hints that an ape (猿) living under human care can have an imagination. Kanzi is an ape who was raised in a lab and became a star at communicating with humans using graphic symbols. Scientists wondered whether Kanzi had the capacity to play pretend — that is, act like something is real while knowing it’s not. They adapted the playbook for studying young children to stage a juice party for Kanzi. They poured imaginary juice into two cups and then pretended to empty just one. They asked Kanzi which cup he wanted, and he pointed to the cup still containing pretend juice 68% of the time. To make sure Kanzi wasn’t confusing real with fake (假的), they also ran a test with actual juice. “Kanzi chose the real juice over the pretend almost 80% of the time, which suggests that he really can tell the difference between real juice and imaginary juice,” said Amalia Bastos, a study co-author from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. But not all scientists are convinced that Kanzi is playing pretend as humans do. “There’s a difference between imagining juice being poured into a cup and maintaining the pretense that it’s real,” said Duke University comparative psychologist Michael Tomasello. “To be convinced of that, I would need to see Kanzi actually pretend to pour water into a container himself,” Tomasello wrote in an email. Many great ape species in the wild are critically endangered, and it’ll take more research to understand what their minds are capable of. “Kanzi opened this path for a lot of future studies,” Bastos said. 1．What was Kanzi asked to do in the first test? A．To read a playbook. B．To choose a certain cup. C．To pour imaginary juice. D．To identify graphic symbols. 2．Why did scientists experiment with real juice on Kanzi? A．To prove Kanzi has emotions. B．To explore Kanzi’s preference for juice. C．To confirm Kanzi can tell real from fake. D．To train Kanzi’s ability to make choices. 3．What does Michael Tomasello probably agree with? A．Imagination equals pretense. B．Kanzi represents ape intelligence. C．Kanzi may not have an imagination. D．This experiment benefits future studies. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Kanzi: A Good Ape Pretender. B．The Mystery of Ape Imagination Solved. C．The Mind of a Human-Raised Ape Revealed. D．A Pretend Juice Party: Ape Imagination Tested. Passage 2 （2026·四川广安·二模）New technology is enabling patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease that robs people of muscle control, to operate a wheelchair using only their eye movements. Developed by a research team led by Professor Long Yunze at Qingdao University, in collaboration with multiple medical and industrial partners, the system marks the world’s first self-powered eye tracking solution for ALS patients, with its core breakthrough lying in solving the power supply dilemma that has long restricted the daily use of traditional eye tracking devices. Most traditional eye tracking systems depend on external power supplies, which make them bulky, heavy and unfit for prolonged daily wear. For ALS patients who rely on such devices to maintain independent mobility, heavy head-mounted equipment, tangled power cables and constant low-battery alerts have long been major barriers to their daily life. To address this unmet need, the team developed a creative, user-centered solution: harvesting electricity directly from the wearer’s natural eye movements. The new system, ultra-light and fully wearable like a pair of ordinary prescription glasses, is designed for long-time comfortable wear. It adopts a dual-layer structure: a soft contact lens-like PDMS layer attaches gently to the eyeball, functioning as a mini triboelectric generator that produces steady electrical current through the friction generated by blinking or subtle eye rotations. The glasses frame is equipped with transparent electrodes that act as signal transmitters, converting tiny charge changes into real-time commands to steer the wheelchair accurately and smoothly. While the technology brings unprecedented hope to ALS patients, it still faces practical hurdles before large-scale clinical and daily application. Zhang Jun, a core researcher of the team, noted that they are deepening cooperation with industry partners to accelerate commercialization. If mass production is achieved successfully, this self-powered system will grant ALS patients greater independence, dignity and control over their lives, all through a simple blink. 1．What is the main innovation of the new system? A．It enables ALS independent mobility. B．It is the first medical eye tracking system. C．It solves the long-standing power problem. D．It achieves stable real-time signal transmission. 2．What is the difference between traditional and new systems? A．Power supply mode. B．Wearing comfort. C．Control accuracy. D．Signal transmission speed. 3．How does the new system produce electricity according to Paragraph 3? A．By eye movements. B．By external power supply. C．By charge changes from signals. D．By PDMS material in the lens. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Eye Systems. B．The Self-Powered System Aids Patients. C．Tips for Wearing Eye Systems. D．Eye System Controls Wheelchairs Well. Passage 3 （2026·四川成都·二模）At a rehabilitation center in Beijing, a 76-year-old man who once relied on a caregiver can now walk independently with the help of a robotic exoskeleton that learns his movement patterns. Such technologies, once considered science fiction, are becoming more common as China responds to the needs of its fast-aging population. The eldercare robot industry is expanding quickly. Provinces such as Beijing and Jiangsu have released political plans encouraging the adoption of intelligent robots in institutions and households. China has also led the creation of an international technical standard for eldercare robots, setting requirements for design and safety. Moreover, with over 310 million Chinese aged 60 or above, many seniors need support with mobility, daily activities, or emotional companionship. Robotics companies report increased inquiries as families search for reliable solutions for aging relatives. While eldercare robots are still in the early stages of development compared to industrial robots, some users are already beginning to enjoy the convenience these technologies provide. Nursing homes in tech-centered cities like Shenzhen integrate robots that play chess with residents, provide mobility support, and deliver AI-assisted therapy. Experts say eldercare robots still face multiple obstacles before they can be deployed on a large scale. On the consumer side, some seniors remain skeptical. “Robots are too cold and emotionless. I just can’t accept them,” said Qu Suling, a 66-year-old resident. “If a machine malfunctions, it could hurt me,” she added. Another major hurdle is access to real-world data needed to improve algorithms and the user experience. To improve algorithms and user experiences, companies need large volumes of real-world training data, according to Ji Junjie, an algorithm specialist. “We have limited opportunities to enter seniors’ homes or eldercare facilities,” Ji said. The high prices of many eldercare robots represent another significant barrier, as they are well beyond the reach of most households. Experts argue that breakthroughs in core technology, affordability, and data access are essential for eldercare robots to realize their potential. As China advances AI and robotics, these innovations may significantly support healthy aging and improve life for millions of older adults. 1．Which major factor contributes to the rapid development of eldercare robots in China? A．A decline in traditional medical services. B．Policy support and rising demand. C．Financial investment in eldercare centers. D．Joint efforts made by many provinces. 2．Which is NOT the barrier to the large-scale application of eldercare robots? A．Insufficient access to real-life usage. B．High prices which are unaffordable. C．Lack of promotion from high-tech firms. D．Distrust and hesitation from the elderly. 3．What can be inferred about the future of eldercare robots? A．They will replace human caregivers in the short term. B．Their development will slow down as prices increase. C．They may be more popular with younger population. D．They can greatly improve the lives of older adults. 4．Which is a suitable title for the text? A．High-Technology is Used in Medical Care B．The Elderly Weigh the Use of Elderly Robots C．Robotics Elderly Expands with Aging Population D．An Old Man Benefits from Elderly Robot Industry Passage4 （2026·四川广元·二模）“Three weeks ago, I woke up from a nap and found some red spots all over my legs,” begins one such account in a video from Bethany Crystal, who runs a consulting business and lives in New York. After an exchange with ChatGPT, it urged, “You need immediate evaluation for possible bleeding risk.” Hundreds of millions of people now consult ChatGPT for wellness advice, according to its maker, OpenAI. In early January, the company announced the launch of a new platform, ChatGPT Health, which it says offers enhanced security for sharing medical records and data. It joins other AI tools such as My Doctor Friend in promising to partner with patients on navigating health care. Doctors and patients say AI is already having a profound impact on both the way that patients receive information about their health and practitioners’ ability to diagnose and communicate with their patients. Unlike doctors, ChatGPT has nearly unlimited time to engage in exhaustive inquiry with patients. Dave deBronkart, a cancer survivor, says he often hears stories about AI identifying symptoms that differentiate unusual or rare conditions from more common illnesses. Recently, sixty-year-old Burt Rosen, who works in marketing for a local Oregon college, told AI he was experiencing migraines (偏头痛) after sleeping. AI asked him what position he was sleeping in and suggested he use two pillows instead of one. Pressure can build when lying flat, it explained, and cause migraines. Then, his headaches disappeared. However, alongside these promising developments, the list of unanswered questions and potential hazards of using AI in medicine is long. As a consumer product, ChatGPT Health is not regulated by health privacy laws the way a medical provider’s systems are in a clinical setting. When it comes to mental health, OpenAI is currently named in multiple active lawsuits involving charges of psychological harm, including suicide-related claims. 1．What is the main function of ChatGPT Health? A．Replacing traditional healthcare consultations. B．Developing new medicines and treatment plans. C．Training medical students in diagnosis and communication. D．Providing a secure platform for sharing medical information. 2．Why is Burt Rosen’s example mentioned? A．To illustrate how AI replaces doctors. B．To argue AI only works for health issues. C．To warn patients of seeking help from AI. D．To show AI’s ability to offer health advice. 3．What does the underlined word “hazards” refer to? A．Dangers. B．Solutions. C．Regulations. D．Opportunities. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in healthcare? A．Opposed. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. Passage 5 （2026·四川广元·二模）A collection of jawbones, a leg bone, and a handful of vertebrae and teeth were found in Morocco recently. New research published in Nature dates these fossils (化石) — discovered in a cave called Grotte à Hominidés — to about 773,000 years ago, during the era of the last common ancestor of modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans. “We can say that the shared ancestry between these three species is perhaps in Grotte à Hominidés,” says study co-author Abderrahim Mohib. The first jawbone was discovered in 1969, with additional adult and child remains found in later years. Researchers weren’t able to interpret these fossils until they figured out their age. The key to dating the fossils was a method called magnetostratigraphy, which depends on the fact that Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) changes direction every few hundred thousand years. The polarity change can be detected in iron-rich minerals, and there was a shift 773,000 years ago, which allowed the researchers to precisely determine when the sediments (沉积物) surrounding the fossils were laid down. As to who these human bones belonged to, tiny features on them point to an in-between species — combining characteristics of older African Hominin species such as Homo erectus with those found in later African fossils and Eurasia specimens. This suggests that the Moroccan fossils represent something of an in-between species. They’re similar in age to a species from Spain called Homo antecessor that had previously been suggested as a possible common ancestor of modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans. However, the Grotte à Hominidés fossils are more of a mix of new and old. “They display a combination of primitive and more advanced characteristics, indicating human populations close to this phase of separation,” Mohib says, “They confirm the very old origins of our species’ African roots and highlight North Africa’s key role in the major stages of human evolution.” 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．The three species evolved independently in Morocco. B．Grotte à Hominidés is the only habitat of ancient humans. C．The fossils may relate to the three species’ common ancestor. D．Modern humans came directly from Morocco’s fossil remains. 2．How did researchers determine the age of the fossils? A．By analyzing the fossils’ chemical composition. B．By comparing the fossils from different periods. C．By counting sediment layers surrounding the fossils. D．By detecting direction changes in Earth’s magnetic field. 3．What do the features of the Moroccan fossils indicate? A．They are older than Homo antecessor. B．They belong entirely to Homo erectus. C．They have mixed ancient and later features. D．They are just identical to Eurasian specimens. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The exact time of human separation. B．The explanation of the fossils’ value. C．North Africa’s role in human evolution. D．The mixed features of the Moroccan fossils. Passage 6 （2026·四川南充·二模）Bamboo is a highly renewable resource, and its cellulose (纤维素) fibres can be turned into a hard, easy-to-shape plastic for use in cars and household appliances. This bamboo-based plastic is not only as strong and long-lasting as common plastics for such uses, but also can be reused and break down easily in soil. Plastics made from living things, or bioplastics, are increasingly popular, but they still make up only around half a percent of global plastic production. This is partly because they are not as strong as oil-based plastics and can’t be easily used in common factory production processes. Now, Dawei Zhao at Shenyang University of Chemical Technology in China and his team have developed a way to produce plastic from bamboo cellulose, which can match or even beat the qualities of many widely used plastics. “Bamboo’s rapid growth makes it a highly renewable resource, though its current uses are still largely traditional,” says Zhao. Zhao’s team first treated the bamboo with certain chemicals and an acid, breaking down the strong chemical bonds to produce a mixture of smaller cellulose molecules (分子). Adding alcohol then made these molecules rearrange into a strong, solid plastic. Andrew Dove at the University of Birmingham, UK, says the plastic’s toughness is similar to commonly used engineering plastics. However, its rigidity means its possible uses aren’t the most widespread. “It’s not going to replace the main plastics used in packaging,” says Dove. “But while it’s aiming at a smaller group of engineering plastics, it could still help reduce worries about getting enough material for some plastics we use now. ” Although it isn’t as cheap as some common plastics, Zhao’s team found that it can be completely recycled while keeping 90% of its original strength, which can lower production costs, making it more lucrative. They also reported that it breaks down naturally within 50 days, although similar claims for other so-called biodegradable (可生物降解的) plastics have not always proven true. 1．What is an advantage of bamboo-based plastic? A．It is more durable than oil-based plastics. B．It is recyclable and can break down easily. C．Its fibres are stable and hold the shape well. D．Its production requires no chemical treatment. 2．How did Zhao’s team turn bamboo into solid plastic? A．By rearranging cellulose molecules with alcohol. B．By mixing bamboo with engineering plastics. C．By breaking chemical bonds to get larger molecules. D．By heating bamboo with special chemicals. 3．What can be inferred from Dove’s comment on Zhao’s bamboo plastic? A．It is too rigid to be used in any packaging products. B．It is tougher than traditional engineering plastics. C．It will replace common packaging plastics in the near future. D．It may serve specific engineering purposes despite its limits. 4．What does “lucrative” in the last paragraph mean? A．Economically attractive. B．Structurally strong. C．Easily recyclable. D．Highly durable. Passage 7 （2026·四川凉山·二模）Have you done the MBTI personality test? “Yes, I’m an INTJ,” responded Gu Ailing in a recent interview with GQ magazine. Gu’s response became a hot topic online and drew people’s attention to the test. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a test designed to identify a person’s personality type. The test result is based on four sets of opposing qualities: Extroversion (外向) vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition (直觉), Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving (感知). After answering more than 90 questions, test-takers get their four-letter personality result, including a detailed description. Gu Ailing’s result of INTJ is one of the 16 possible personality types the test reveals. Developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers in the US in the 1940s, the test grew to become the standard for personality tests. Many companies and organizations use it when hiring or evaluating staff to help them select people for certain roles. And now in China, Internet users are using it as a tool to guide their lives and relationships. But how reliable is this test? Well, it isn’t recognized as being scientifically valid, according to The Guardian. The test was based on the theories of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Even Jung warned that his personality “types” were just rough classifications that he observed. In addition, neither of the test designers was a trained psychologist. The Guardian reveals the key problem with the MBTI is that the test is too “black and white”. The results place people into only one of each of the four categories; for example, someone is either an introvert or an extrovert. But many people would surely sit somewhere in the middle of these two. Being categorized like this prevents people from appreciating their complexities and deeper selves. Tests and tools that help people better understand who they are and how they think are very powerful and can still help in some aspects of life. As science and technology develop, people can look forward to more accurate tests that truly embrace how wonderfully complex and ever-changing humans really are. 1．What can we learn about the MBTI test from the text? A．It was created by a famous Swiss psychologist. B．It divides personalities into 16 types based on four trait pairs. C．It has been used in China longer than in Western countries. D．It mainly focuses on predicting future career success. 2．Why do many companies use the MBTI test when they hire new employees? A．To reduce the cost of hiring new employees. B．To assess candidates’ professional skills directly. C．To match individuals with appropriate job positions. D．To follow the latest trends in global recruitment. 3．What does the underlined “scientifically valid” mean in paragraph 4? A．widely discussed B．scientifically supported C．scientifically understood D．widely acknowledged 4．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To encourage readers to take the MBTI test immediately. B．To explain the development of the MBTI test and its limitations. C．To prove that all personality tests are useless and unreliable. D．To compare the MBTI test with other psychological tools. Passage 8 （2026·四川成都·二模）A computer that relies on fungal (真菌的) networks to store information could one day be an alternative to the current generation of memory devices, according to research published in PLOS One. Scientists have built working memristors (忆阻器) — circuitry elements that “remember” their past electrical activity — from the root-like part of a mushroom called the mycelium. The result is a memristor with performance comparable to that of a silicon-based chip, but it has its own benefits in ways many computer components today do not. “Being able to develop microchips that act like real brain cells means you don’t need a lot of power when the machine isn’t being used,” says lead researcher John LaRocco of Ohio State University. “That can bring a huge potential advantage.” Scientists have thought about using mushrooms as computer parts, mostly because fungal networks work in ways similar to neural systems. They have a similar structure. And they send information using electrical and chemical signals, just like a brain. But the fact that they aren’t actually brains means some engineering is needed to make them do what scientists need them to do. The team grew the mushroom mycelium under controlled conditions. Then they dried the samples in sunlight to ensure long-term stability. Finally, they connected them to a circuit to test their performance. “We would connect electrical wires at different points on the mushrooms,” LaRocco says. “Depending on the voltage (电压) and connectivity, we were seeing different performances.” The researchers achieved a performance of 5,850 Hertz, with an accuracy of 90 percent from their mushroom memristor - that is, it switches signals at a speed of about 5,850 times per second. The researchers also found that as the electrical voltage increased, the mushroom’s performance decreased. They were able to fix it by adding more mushrooms to the circuit. You’re not going to have a mycelial computer any time soon. Still, the findings do suggest that this is a promising path for future research. As the researchers note in their paper, “The future of computing could be fungal.” 1．What can be learned about working memristors built from mycelium? A．They are shaped like real mushrooms. B．They need less power when not working. C．They perform much better than traditional chips. D．They have become a new way to store information. 2．Why do scientists choose mushrooms as computer components? A．They have brain-like working networks. B．They can process information like humans. C．They grow quickly in controlled conditions. D．They can work with electrical signals alone. 3．What do the findings on mushroom memristors show? A．Higher voltage improves accuracy. B．Connectivity has no influence on results. C．They remain stable when voltage changes. D．Network expansion improves their performance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of creating biological computer chips. B．Advantages of mushroom-based memory devices. C．A comparison between fungal and neural networks. D．A breakthrough in developing bio-computing components. Passage9 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）A quiet AI revolution is unfolding in China’s countryside. In provinces like Jilin, Yunnan and Hubei, farmers are turning to AI to save their crops from flooding and disease. China is showing the world a different roadmap of AI’s path forward. Free AI services in China fuel mass adoption. DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat caused a traffic surge, absorbed by Tencent’s Yuanbao, whose DAU (Daily Active Users) jumped 20 times in two months. AI now rapidly integrates into daily life, reaching vast rural populations at scale. By making AI tools free and accessible through platforms like WeChat, China has opened the floodgates to grassroots adoption. Chinese companies have prioritized scale. And that scale is surprising: Nearly 300 million farmers, representing 20% of the national population, are potential AI users. In one Hubei village, weeks of heavy rain threatened to destroy rice fields. Consequently, farmers turned to Yuanbao. The chatbot recommended building embankments and switching to high-ridge planting — the advice arrives instantly, tailored to specific problems and images uploaded by farmers with little formal education. AI is inserted into everyday life in China. For Chinese farmers, the benefits are real and immediate. For many, AI is no longer a futuristic idea but a daily tool. While China’s rural AI surge is impressive, it faces challenges of its own. AI researchers found that most farmers didn’t know how to pose useful questions to AI chatbots unless prompted by local officials. Educational gaps remain a barrier: Even when farmers receive answers, they might not understand the technical terms involved. Without a closed loop of comprehension and action, the benefits of AI can’t be fully realized. Researchers also stress that making AI useful for the farmers as well as elders will require more than a stylish UX and bigger models. It urgently demands simplified responses, voice interfaces and solutions tailored to real-world conditions. 1．What resulted from DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat? A．Free AI services in China became available. B．Tencent’s Yuanbao saw a rapid increase in users. C．Farmers in Hubei doubled their rice production. D．The number of WeChat users dropped significantly. 2．What do the underlined words “opened the floodgates to” mean in paragraph 3? A．Blocked the way of. B．Tested the limits of. C．Increased the cost of. D．Allowed widespread entry of. 3．What will the researchers most probably do next? A．Develop larger AI models. B．Expand AI access to more cities. C．Provide simplified practical instructions. D．Teach farmers to understand technical terms. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．AI companies profit greatly from rural users. B．AI has solved all farming problems in China. C．Farmers prefer traditional methods to AI technology. D．China’s rural AI holds promise but faces challenges. Passage 10 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）Recently, the list for the 2026 Sloan Research Fellowships was announced in the United States. Chinese young scientist Cao Yuan has been awarded this well-known honor. Cao Yuan, born in 1996 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China in 2014. In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度). Nature on March 5 published two major papers by Cao. It was the first time that Nature released two continuous articles with the same first author. Cao became the youngest Chinese who published an article in Nature. The discovery was a breakthrough in the area of condensed matter physics and received worldwide attention. Every year, Nature releases an issue highlighting the “ten people who mattered.” The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year. The year of 2018, the cover referred to Cao’s contributions. Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.” Humble about his achievements, Cao once said, “I just skipped some boring stuff in middle school.” He advises, “Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.” This mixture of modesty and perseverance defines his inspiring journey. 1．What honor did Cao Yuan receive in 2018? A．The most influential author. B．The Sloan Research Fellowship. C．The title of the youngest professor. D．One of Nature’s 10 people who mattered. 2．What can be inferred about Nature magazine? A．It only publishes work by young scientists. B．Its cover signals the year’s key scientific advances. C．It awards prizes to the most influential researchers. D．It focuses mainly on Chinese scientific achievements. 3．Which of the following best describes Cao Yuan? A．Diligent and persevering. B．Cautious and moody. C．Indifferent and impatient. D．Humble and dependent. 4．What message do Cao Yuan’s words in the last paragraph convey? A．Youth is wasted on the young. B．Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. C．The road to success is paved with steady small steps. D．Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Passage 11 （2026·四川德阳·二模）In the early 2000s, Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro noticed a puzzling trend: while obesity and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rates were rising rapidly in Brazil, household purchases of sugar, salt, and other related ingredients were actually declining. Further investigation revealed the reason: people were buying less sugar for homemade desserts but consuming more of it in pre-made pastries and breakfast cereals. Similarly, salt intake was shifting from home cooking to items like frozen pizza, chicken nuggets, and instant soups. Monteiro first used the term ultra-processed food (UPF) in a paper in 2009, arguing that people interested in promoting healthy diets should focus more on the degree, extent and purpose of processing than on nutrient profiles. This radical idea caught the attention of other researchers, who, over the next decade or so, published dozens of papers linking UPFs with obesity and a range of other health problems. Governments soon responded. Starting in 2014, Brazil advised avoiding UPFs, and countries including France and Belgium followed suit. In the United States, officials have also recently underscored UPFs as a public health concern and announced plans for further research. However, the UPF category faces skepticism. Some scientists argue it is too broad and ill-defined, as it classifies diverse foods like shop-bought yogurt with doughnuts. They question if UPFs’ health risks stem simply from being high in fat and sugar, and low in fiber and vitamins. Despite ongoing debates, existing evidence offers valuable guidance for those seeking healthy dietary choices. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Brazil. B．The changing ways of consuming sugar and salt in Brazil. C．The confusing phenomenon observed by a Brazilian researcher. D．The popularity of pre-made foods in Brazilian households. 2．What does the underlined word “underscored” in paragraph 3 mean? A．described B．emphasized C．identified D．admitted 3．What can be inferred about the UPF category? A．It lacks scientific evidence to support its accuracy. B．It ignores the nutrient profiles of processed foods. C．It fails to define fat and sugar in unhealthy foods. D．It groups different foods without clear boundaries. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage people to give up ultra-processed foods. B．To criticize the harm of ultra-processed foods to health. C．To introduce the origin and impacts of the UPF concept. D．To compare different countries’ dietary advice on UPFs. Passage 12 （2026·四川德阳·二模）Humanoid robots have long symbolized the future — machines that walk, talk, and work alongside us. Companies like Boston Dynamics and Tesla showcase robots running or performing factory tasks. Yet a fundamental question remains: What are they actually for? In theory, a human-shaped robot could operate in human spaces using human tools. However, in reality, today’s humanoids are often slow, unstable, and extremely expensive, with components like high-torque (扭矩) motors and precision sensors driving up production costs. Behind polished demonstration videos lie countless failed attempts and teams of engineers adjusting code off-camera. This gap between promise and reality is a classic challenge in robotics. Real progress has occurred in narrow, well-defined tasks. Wheeled robots efficiently move shelves in warehouses; in comparison, robotic arms assist surgeons with unmatched precision in delicate procedures like microsurgery, reducing human error. These machines succeed because they are designed for specific jobs — not to imitate a person. Supporters believe advanced artificial intelligence will unlock the potential of humanoids. Current AI excels at pattern recognition, not physical reasoning. Teaching a robot to “pick up the cup without spilling” requires understanding weight, balance, and physics — skills humans acquire through a lifetime of embodied experience. Cost is another barrier. A general-purpose humanoid may cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, while specialized robotic arms are far cheaper and require less maintenance over time, lowering long-term operational expenses. For businesses, the practical choice is clear: single-purpose robots get the job done efficiently. Some researchers argue humanoids hold value not as replacements for humans, but as platforms for studying movement, learning, and human-robot interaction. This research aim, however, differs greatly from the popular vision of robots serving drinks or providing elderly care. Ultimately, the humanoid robot reflects our desire to see ourselves in our creations. Yet if the goal is to build truly helpful robots, we might need to move beyond the human form — and simply design machines good at their specific tasks. 1．What does the writer mention as the major limitation of humanoid robots? A．High cost and poor performance. B．Inability to operate in human spaces. C．Difficulty in copying human gestures. D．Absence of artificial intelligence support. 2．What does teaching a robot to “pick up the cup” require? A．Advanced pattern recognition skills. B．Lifetime human experience transfer. C．Adjustments by engineers off-camera. D．Understanding of physical properties. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward humanoid robots? A．Objective and reflective. B．Critical and reluctant. C．Optimistic and supportive. D．Doubtful and disappointed. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Humanoid Robots: Future or Present? B．Humanoid Robots: Progress or Challenge? C．Humanoid Robots: Evolution or Tradition? D．Humanoid Robots: Usefulness or Imagination? Passage 13 （2026·四川内江·二模）In today’s rapidly urbanizing world, cities are transforming into complex digital ecosystems, and the next big shift is already underway: collaborative sensing (CS). As urban population swells and underlying facilities come under pressure, the need for intelligent, responsive, and efficient city systems has never been more urgent. Enter smart cities — urban areas powered by connected technologies — and at the heart of this transformation lies a powerful concept that is quietly reshaping urban life: collaborative sensing. CS, sometimes referred to as participatory or crowdsensing, is the process where numerous devices and people contribute data to collectively monitor, analyze, and improve a city’s operations. From detecting air pollution to maximizing traffic flow or even predicting natural disasters, CS allows cities to gain a real-time, specific understanding of what’s happening on the ground. This isn’t just about sensors planted on street lights — it’s about smartphones, vehicles, wearables, and public facilities working integratedly. This interconnected approach holds massive potential. Imagine a city where holes are identified by the shaking of your car, where garbage pickup is improved based on bin fill levels, or where the urban heat island effect is reduced through collective temperature mapping. These are not future predictions — they’re real projects already unfolding in global tech-forward cities like Singapore, Barcelona, and Amsterdam. But this shift isn’t without its questions. Who owns the data? How do we balance monitoring and privacy? And can smaller or developing cities tap into this wave of innovation? Looking ahead, the question is no longer if cities will adopt CS — it’s how quickly and how responsibly. Whether you’ re a policymaker, urban planner, developer, or engaged citizen, now is the time to get involved in shaping the connected cities of tomorrow and dive deep into how CS is redefining the blueprint for smart cities. 1．What does the underlined word “swells” mean in paragraph 1? A．Expands. B．Appears. C．Removes. D．Stabilizes. 2．What can be inferred about CS in paragraphs 2-3? A．It relies mainly on public sensors. B．Daily devices can be used as its tools. C．Tech-forward cities gain more from it. D．Its projects are resisted in advanced cities. 3．Why does the writer raise questions in paragraph 4? A．To suggest that CS be delayed indefinitely. B．To prove that privacy outweighs innovation. C．To imply that CS is inaccessible to poor cities. D．To show that unresolved issues need attention. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A Fresh Solution for Smarter Cities. B．Smart Cities in Wealthy Urban Areas. C．Smartphone-Driven City Management. D．Potential Risks in Urban Data Collection. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·四川雅安·二模）East Africa’s Rift Valley (东非大裂谷) provides a unique window into the evolutionary history of humanity. Its deep lakes and sheltered canyons create conditions that nurtured early humans. Those geological forces may also push open a door to the future by making it possible to capture and store global-warming carbon dioxide cheaply from the air. James Irungu Mwangi, a Kenyan environmentalist, calls the area the “Great Carbon Valley”. He believes the rift has two key advantages for “direct air capture” (DAC) stations: renewable energy and suitable geology to store carbon. In fact, DAC plants need plenty of energy. Electricity drives fans to pass air over chemicals that absorb carbon dioxide, while more heat is required to make the chemicals release the gas. The Rift Valley is particularly suited to meet this energy demand due to its unique geological features. With thin Earth’s outer layer and great geothermal (地热的) potential, Kenya can generate huge geothermal power, and waste steam from geothermal stations can heat DAC equipment. As most of Kenya’s power is renewable, DAC will not increase global warming. Capturing CO2 is only part of the process; it must be safely stored. The Rift Valley’s extensive porous basalt, a volcanic rock, is ideal for this: CO2 dissolved in water is injected into the rock, reacts with basalt to form carbon-rich minerals, and will not leak back into the atmosphere. This model is not merely theoretical. A similar combination of geothermal energy and volcanic rock has already attracted companies elsewhere. Climeworks, a Swiss firm, opened the world’s biggest DAC plant in Iceland in 2021. It can remove some 4,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year from the atmosphere at a cost of $600 — 800 a tonne. Kenyan startup Octavia Carbon is building the world’s second-largest DAC plant in the Rift Valley. Its founder hopes to sequester carbon dioxide much more cheaply, thanks to low-cost renewable energy, geothermal steam and lower labor costs for skilled workers. Its pilot plant will be completed next year at a cost below $500 per tonne, with a goal to drop it under $100 in five years, far cheaper than industry forecasts. 1．What does Paragraph 3 imply about DAC plants in the Rift Valley? A．They will release chemicals. B．They can operate sustainably. C．They require more heat to pass air. D．They generate most of Kenya’s power. 2．Why does the author mention Climeworks? A．To tell how successful the DAC plant is in Iceland. B．To show the heat-and-rock model works in practice. C．To establish the theoretical value of the biggest DAC plant. D．To prove high costs of carbon removal through DAC plants. 3．What does the underlined word “sequester” most probably mean? A．Trap. B．Release. C．Discover. D．Consume. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Direct Air Capture: A New Technology to Save Energy B．East Africa’s Rift Valley: A Window to Human Evolution C．Geothermal Energy: The Best Solution to Global Warming D．The Great Carbon Valley: A Promising Future for Carbon Removal Passage 2 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）Dreschel is going for his daily morning walk around Thalangama Wetland, in Sri Lanka’s capital Colombo. The sun casts a warm glow over flowering pink water lilies (睡莲) as a farmer washes down his water buffalo. A kingfisher hovers (盘旋) nearby. But this hasn’t always been the case. About 15 years ago, Thalangama’s wetlands were polluted and filled with rubbish. Dreschel, the country manager at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Colombo, recalled a decade ago he began cleaning the lake alone. Surprisingly, passersby stopped to help. Inspired the community formed the Thalangama Wetland Watch. Colombo, a Ramsar wetland city, located in a river basin and naturally trending to floods, relies on its wetlands as natural flood barriers, absorbing 40% of floodwaters. They also sink carbon, purify air, and control temperatures. Historically central to local life, they now help reduce climate change, pollution, and stress for residents in high-rise buildings. It is said that after significant flooding events the government realized wetlands are a significant flood control mechanism and began to act, launching a revival strategy to restore these critical ecosystems. The metro Colombo wetland management strategy was introduced in 2016, which aims to include wetlands in urban planning, prevent further wetland loss, restore the ecosystems and involve the local community in their conservation. Following that, wetlands were included into urban infrastructure by constructing cycling tracks, jogging paths and recreational areas around them. Invasive species were almost cleaned and new soil and wetland plants were introduced to attract birds and other animals. Green infrastructure projects have reconnected people with Colombo’s wetlands. Communities like Wetland Watch now maintain them, boosting property values. The Ramsar status temporarily stopped wetland destruction. But an expert warns that coordinated efforts are essential to resist growing flood risks. He emphasizes that public education on wetlands is crucial for urban resilience. Another notes a fundamental urgency to protect these ecosystems. “If we lose our wetlands, Colombo will be unlivable.” 1．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Dreschel’s morning walk? A．To recommend a way to protect wetlands. B．To show Dreschel’s healthy and peaceful life. C．To present a scene full of life around The wetland. D．To suggest benefits of morning walks in Sri Lanka. 2．What is the function of the wetland? A．Releasing the impact of floods. B．Providing residential areas for people. C．Preventing climate change and pollution. D．Improving air quality by removing pollutants. 3．What can be inferred about the government’s restoration measures? A．They removed all invasive species. B．They integrated wetlands into urban life. C．They prioritized economy over ecology. D．They relocated communities over wetlands. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．How a Walk Saved a Wetland B．Colombo: A City Built on Wetlands C．The Future of Sri Lanka’s Waterways D．Wetlands: From Wasteland to Lifeline Passage 3 （2026·四川成都·二模）Readers may be familiar with the humorous idea that humans are only the third-cleverest species on Earth after mice and dolphins. But perhaps Douglas Adams should have included dolphins’ cetacean cousins. In a paper just published in Open Mind, CETI researchers describe a strikingly human-like feature in whale communication. Sperm whales communicate using a series of clicks researchers call “codas”, which look a lot like vowels in human languages. For linguists, vowels are characterized by the free flow of air through a vibrating vocal tract. In contrast, consonants involve disruptions of the airflow. A vowel’s basic pitch(technically called F0)is determined by the speaker’s sex and body size. But by moving tongue and lips we shape the sound into higher-pitched “formants”(F1, F2, F3, etc.). Whether we hear an “ah” or an “ee” depends on the relationship between these formants. To humans, sperm-whale codas do not sound like pitches at all; the clicks are much too infrequent and irregular. The clicks become a continuous tone only when they occur 20 to 40 times per second. But when the whales’ silences were removed in software, the researchers could consider them as pitches nevertheless, and look more closely at their other qualities. The next step was taken with the help of artificial intelligence(AI). The researchers used an AI system trained to learn human language to examine the codas. Gasper Begus, a linguist at the University of California and the study’s lead author, says that the AI led them to study the pitch patterns of the clicks — ones that work like human vowel sounds. Sure enough, the whale codas contained two sound patterns resembling those in the F1 and F2 formants of human vowels, but at a much lower pitch. Based on this resemblance, the researchers called them the a-coda and i-coda vowels. They even found that whales could produce diphthongs — two vowels gliding quickly from one to another, like the ah-ee sound in English words like “ride” and “time”. The whales do all this often in what researchers call “conversations”. Exactly what the whales may be saying to each other remains unknown — although working that out is CETI’s eventual goal. That will require a large body of vocalizations to study, as well as an equally big number of observations of how the animals behave and interact with each other. 1．Why does the author refer to Douglas Adams’s joke about mice, dolphins and humans? A．To illustrate a point B．To give an example C．To make a comparison D．To introduce a topic 2．What does the word “disruptions” underlined in paragraph 2 mean? A．complete stops B．breaks in flow C．increases in speed D．extra energy 3．What do we know about sperm whales from the passage? A．They communicate in quite a similar way to humans. B．They produce continuous clicks that sound like pitches. C．They create click patterns resembling human vowels. D．They could produce diphthongs like “ride” and “time”. 4．What can we infer about the CETI researchers from the last paragraph? A．They have paid more attention to the whales’ vocalizations than to their behaviors. B．They have uncovered the nature of the whales’ social behaviors and interactions. C．They will decode the whales’ calls by observing their behaviors and interactions. D．They will carry out more research to better understand the whales’ conversations. Passage 4 （2026·四川凉山·二模）The preservation of the Arctic is necessary for the well-being of people on a global scale. Unfortunately, the Arctic currently faces many interconnected issues, two of which are climate change and changes in biological diversity. The World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) said that the Arctic is heating up at a rate of almost twice the global average. Greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor, are likely to blame. Rising temperatures and the reduction of sea ice pose the most significant danger to Arctic wildlife. Walruses and polar bears rely on sea ice to rest, hunt, breed and migrate. Without it, they’re threatened with starvation and declining birth rates, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Warming temperatures also threaten animals such as reindeer and the migration patterns of fish. New species are moving in from the south to take advantage of these rising temperatures. The warming Arctic tundra is bringing in new competitors such as the red fox, which is threatening the native Arctic fox. Red foxes take over Arctic fox dens and kill them, according to the WWF. Scientists have also said that the killer whale population is increasing, which may lead to a decrease in the native narwhal population. Although it remains important for the international community to help the Arctic Circle, Arctic countries must also play an active role. In the US state of Alaska, an engineer named Dr Leslie Field and her research team at a nonprofit called Ice 911 (now Arctic Ice Project) have been testing a solution to melting sea ice. To increase the “albedo effect (反射效应)”, she has been experimenting with spreading silica microbeads (二氧化硅微粒), which are environmentally friendly, across the sea ice, according to online magazine Grist. So far, each application of the beads has made the ice thicker and more reflective — a promising potential answer to the Arctic’s sea ice melt. The WWF recommends a global transition to 100 percent renewable energy through clean energy sources such as wind, geothermal or solar. Also, instead of supporting oil and gas, Arctic governments need to finance renewable energy. Protecting the Arctic is the key to protecting the future. The time to act is now. 1．What mainly contributes to the Arctic’s rapid warming according to the text? A．The migration of new species. B．The decline of sea ice. C．The quickly rising temperatures. D．The greenhouse gas emissions. 2．Which may become strong competitors in the Arctic region now? A．Walruses. B．Reindeer. C．Red foxes. D．Narwhals. 3．How does the author develop paragraph 5? A．By giving an example. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By giving a definition. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The Arctic ecosystem is facing various threats. B．Different countries should work together to protect the Arctic. C．There are some proposed solutions to protecting the Arctic from melting. D．The WWF has made many recommendations for Arctic protection. Passage5 （2026·四川成都·二模）The moment Daniel Swain wakes up, he gets whipped about (猛烈吹袭) by hurricane-force winds. “A Category 5, literally overnight, hits Acapulco,” says the 34-year-old climate scientist and self-described weather enthusiast, who is hit daily by the flood of catastrophic weather headlines: wildfires, megafloods, haboobs (an intense dust storm) , atmospheric rivers, bomb cyclones. Everyone’s asking: Did climate change cause these disasters? And, more and more, they want Swain to answer. Swain is at the same time 1,600 miles away from the hurricane and at the eye of storm. His ability to explain science to the masses has made him one of the media’s go-to climate experts. He’s a staff research scientist at UCLA’s Institute of the Environment and Sustainability who spends more than 1,100 hours each year on public-facing climate and weather communication, explaining whether (often, yes) and how climate change is raising the number and intensifying the fierceness of weather disasters. “Climate change is an increasingly big part of what’s driving weather extremes today,” Swain says. “I connect the dots between the two. There’s a lot of misunderstanding about how a warming climate affects day-to-day variations in weather, but my goal is to push public perception toward what the science actually says.” So, when reporters call him, he does his best to call them back. “Daniel had a very clear vision about how he wanted to contribute to science and the world, using social media and his website,” says Kareiva, a research professor at UCLA．“We will not solve climate change without a movement, and communication and social media are key to that. Most science papers are never even read. What we do as scientists only matters if it has an impact on the world. We need at least 100 more Daniels.” As global warming continues to worsen, it’s easy to get pulled into overly dramatic ways of looking at where the world is going amid catastrophic weather headlines. Daniel Swain helps people know how we can better face those fears with the use of scientific accuracy, which makes his role incredibly valuable. 1．Why do people want Daniel Swain to answer their disaster-related questions? A．He makes specialised knowledge accessible. B．He is widely recognised by the public and the media. C．He is an expert in environmental sustainability research. D．He works at the eye of storm with first-hand information. 2．What can we learn from Kareiva’s words? A．Climate change is widely misunderstood. B．The public should value scientific work more. C．Scientists should engage the public like Swain. D．Social media has a direct impact on climate change. 3．How can Daniel Swain be described? A．Helpful and optimistic. B．Easy-going and humorous. C．Responsible and serious. D．Purposeful and knowledgeable. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．The Weather Man: Approaching Fear with Science B．A Valuable Job: Connecting Science with Social Media C．An Inspiring Figure: Confronting Climate Change Bravely D．A Distinctive Scientist: Interpreting Climate from a Unique Perspective Passage6 （2026·四川绵阳·二模）Think of Christmas, what animals will you have in mind? In the face of climate change, let’s take a look at how the Christmas-related animals are weathering the warmth. Reindeer cannot handle the pace and scale of modern warming. It is surprising, given that the species survived the rapid warming that ended the last Ice Age about 20,000 years ago. Researchers explain that their past adaptations — spreading into cooler places — are ineffective today. Current warming is global. Their range has reduced, and cool shelters are rare. Climate models suggest their numbers could shrink by 98% by 2100. Alarmingly, fewer reindeer could actually make climate change worse. Researchers from Finland and Alaska found that, in far northern forests, soils release more carbon dioxide rather than storing it. But reindeer can counteract that effect. If reindeer are grazing (放牧) under the trees, the soil still traps carbon — even when there is no snow. However, in warmer tropical seas, another “Christmas” creature presents a different story. Christmas tree worms are colorful marine worms found in tropical coral reefs, known for their distinctive shape that resembles a Christmas tree. They may serve as guardians to help protect coral reefs by attaching to corals and staying immobile for the rest of their lives. The adult worms circulate water around the coral, which helps the coral eat. And baby coral polyps (珊瑚虫) find shelter under the Christmas tree’s branches, where they can hide from predators like the sea star. Because of this, scientists think we might be able to use Christmas tree worms as a way of learning about the health of coral. A 2022 study by students at the University of California Berkeley found a correlation between healthy coral and higher numbers of Christmas tree worms. It’s possible that, in the future, these worms could become an early warning signal — showing scientists where corals are under stress from warming seas. From Santa’s reindeer to the festive sea worms, our changing world is changing life for creatures great and small. While some of these animals are struggling, a few may be key to helping us adapt to the future. 1．What might happen if the reindeer population grew? A．Soil would release more nutrients. B．Other grass-eaters would decline rapidly. C．Carbon storage in soil might improve. D．Snow cover would increase significantly. 2．What does the underlined word “counteract” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Find out. B．Adjust to. C．Lead to. D．Cancel out. 3．How do the Christmas tree worms help baby coral polyps? A．By offering shelter. B．By providing food. C．By monitoring their health. D．By driving away sea stars. 4．What is probably the best title of this passage? A．Reindeer’s Struggle: A Christmas Tale B．Tiny Worms: Big Help for Corals C．Climate Victims: From Reindeer to Corals D．Loss and Hope: Animals in Climate Dilemma Passage 7 （2026·四川广安·二模）Countless thousands of city dwellers in Britain and elsewhere have, in the past two years, become acutely aware of the green spaces in their midst. Indeed, many people only discovered them during lockdowns, when escaping to the great outdoors was a vital factor in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing. Many south Londoners who have found solace in nature owe thanks to campaigners who, over the past 40 years and more, have put pressure on local and national bodies to protect precious green space. Although it is hard to envisage today, until the end of the 18th century extensive oak woodlands stretched for some seven miles across what is now suburban south London. What remains of them is the nearest ancient woodland to central London. Ancient woodland, as defined by the government agency Natural England, is land on which the tree cover has been in continuous existence since 1600; before that date, plantation was rare, so woods that existed in 1600 are considered to have developed naturally. According to the Woodland Trust, ancient woodland covers just 2.5 per cent of the land area of England and Wales. The Ancient Woodland Inventory, set up by the Nature Conservancy Council in 1981 and maintained by Natural England, says some 7 per cent of ancient woodland that was present in 1930 has been grubbed up for farming or other uses, and 38 per cent has been replaced with plantations, often of single-species conifers that offer little diversity of habitat. The reasons the old North Wood survived for so long when surrounding areas were converted to farmland was that the steep terrain was unsuitable for arable or pasture, and because it lay on the sparsely populated margins of several parishes. It was also a valuable economic resource: for at least a millennium, the wood was intensely cultivated to provide timber, for furniture, tools and shipbuilding and charcoal for London’s blacksmiths, bakeries and brick and tilekilns. 1．Why did campaigners put pressure on local and national bodies according to the second paragraph?​ A．To demand more gyms for public exercise. B．To protect existing green spaces from destruction. C．To request open spaces for planting new vegetation. D．To promote the development of suburban housing. 2．What does the underlined phrase “grubbed up” in Paragraph 4 most likely mean?​ A．Use up natural resources. B．Dig out and remove completely. C．Take up quickly for development. D．Preserve carefully for the future. 3．What can be inferred from the passage?​ A．British people have long been aware of the importance of green space protection. B．The ancient woodland nearest to central London is entirely made up of conifers. C．The replacement of ancient woodland with single-species plantations has harmed habitat diversity. D．Only 7% of ancient woodland present in 1930 remains today. 4．Why did the old North Wood survive for so long according to the passage?​ A．Its steep land was unsuitable for farming or animal grazing. B．It was located in a densely populated and well-protected area. C．The government had listed it as a protected area very early. D．Local residents jointly prevented any external development. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题 01 人与自我 Passage 1 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C Passage 2 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B Passage 3 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 主题 02 人与社会 Passage 1 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D Passage 2 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B Passage 3 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C Passage 4 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 5 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 6 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A Passage 7 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B Passage 8 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D Passage 11 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 12 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D Passage 13 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 主题 03 人与自然 Passage 1 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D Passage 2 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 3 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 4 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C Passage 5 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A Passage 6 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D Passage 7 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $