抢分05 跨学科融合阅读 （热点时文）（抢分专练）（福建专用）2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测

抢分05 跨学科融合阅读 （热点时文） 热点导读 热点集训 阅读理解 A篇 介绍了如何在家做气压计，可以测量气压，自己预测天气！ B篇 主要介绍了麻省理工学院研发的新型“气泡包装”，该发明可从空气中收集清洁饮用水，解决缺水地区的饮水难题，同时介绍了其工作原理、测试情况、安全设计与应用前景。 C篇 主要介绍了勾股定理（Pythagorean theorem）的定义、在学习与生活中的应用、相关的证明历史，以及两位高中生提出的新证明方法，展现了数学探索的价值与意义。 D篇 通过芹菜实验演示“毛细管作用”，解释植物如何通过该现象从地面吸收水分，旨在以直观方式呈现科学原理。 E篇 药物的使用说明。 F篇 介绍了中国三大经典智力游戏——七巧板、九连环和华容道。 G篇 主要介绍了华中科技大学科学家们为在月球上建造基地而研发的“月壤砖”，包括其制造原理、结构特点、测试的必要性以及目前的进展。 H篇 介绍了位于恒山的悬空寺，包括其建造材料、结构、外观危险的原因、稳固性以及独特的自然保护条件。 I篇 介绍了中国“人工太阳”项目EAST的名称、工作原理、中国科学家面临的挑战、取得的进展及其对世界的重要意义。 短文填空 A篇 主要向我们介绍了著作《山海经》。 B篇 介绍了中国历史名著《史记》的主要内容及其价值。 C篇 主要介绍了中国东南部省份福建的历史、文化融合、发展及现状。 一、阅读理解 A （2025·福建厦门·二模） Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself! 1 Make the Rubber CoverScissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band. 2 Fix the Straw PointerCut one straw-end at 45° for a sharp point. Tape the straw’s other end to the balloon’s center. Ensure it points straightly—it’s your “pointer”! 3 Draw the LinesPut an A4 paper in front of the straw’s sharp end. Mark the straw-pointing spot with a pencil. Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and belowthis spot, 0.5cm apart. 4 Name the Weather SignsDraw a sun next to the top mark, a cloud with raindrops next to the bottom mark. Place the whole device (装置) in a corner where it won’t be disturbed (打扰). 5 Observe and RecordCheck straw position daily at set times, record where it points. If the straw points to the top mark, the weather will probably be dry and sunny. If it points to the bottom mark, it may rain. If it’s in the middle, it will probably stay the same. How it works… Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite. 1．Among all the following objects, which are needed in Step 1? A．B．C． D． 2．The straw is used to _______. A．fix the rubber band B．draw the pictures C．point at the lines D．make the balloon smooth 3．According to the underlined part in Step 3, which of the following picture is correct? A．B．C． D． 4．How does the barometer (气压计) work on sunny days? A．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer up B．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer down C．High pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer down D．High pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer up 5．In which section of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Science. B．Space. C．Sports. D．News. B （25-26九年级下·福建厦门·月考）Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have made a new “bubble wrap” that can collect clean drinking water from the air—even in Death Valley, the driest desert in North America. This invention could help many people around the world get safe drinking water, especially in places where water is hard to find. The team shared their results in a study on June 11, 2025. The tool uses a special material: hydrogel (水凝胶). It can take in water and it is placed between two pieces of glass, much like a window. At night, it takes water vapor from the air. During the day, the water vapor turns into liquid (液体) water on the cool glass and then drops. The hydrogel has many small round parts, like air bubbles. These round parts grow bigger when they take in water from the air. They increase the surface area, helping the material collect more water. Scientists tested the tool for one week in Death Valley. Each small board made about 57 to 161 milliliters of water daily—about a quarter to two-thirds of a cup. In wetter areas, it could make even more. The tool also works without electricity. Older designs had a problem: lithium (锂) salt, used to help take in water, sometimes leaked (泄漏) into the water and made it dangerous to drink. But this new design uses glycerol (甘油), which keeps the salt from leaking. This way, the lithium salt level stays far below safety limits. “We imagine these could be used in many places,” said MIT researcher Xuanhe Zhao. “They don’t take up much space, and people can build more of them to make a real difference.” 1．Why was the bubble wrap invented? A．To make dry places wetter. B．To produce power from air. C．To provide safe water to drink. D．To clean polluted river water. 2．According to the picture, what happens in Stage ③? A．Hydrogel takes water vapor from the air. B．Water vapor becomes liquid. C．Air turns into water vapor. D．Water disappears. 3．How did the scientists test the tool? A．By placing it in a dry desert area. B．By trying it out in a laboratory for a whole year. C．By using it in a wet place with electricity. D．By asking local people to use it in daily life. 4．How do the scientists make sure the collected water is safe to drink? A．They use lithium salt to clean the water. B．They use the tool only in areas with fresh air. C．They test the water quality every day. D．They use glycerol to avoid lithium-salt leakage. 5．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To ask people to save more water. B．To tell readers a story about Death Valley. C．To introduce a useful new invention. D．To teach people how to make clean water at home. C （25-26九年级下·福建厦门·月考）The Pythagorean theorem (勾股定理), a2 + b2 = c2, is a big math idea. It tells us that in a right triangle, the square of the longest side is the sum of the squares of the other two sides. In school, the Pythagorean theorem allows students to work out the length of the third side of a right triangle when the other two are known. In real life, it helps planes find the shortest way to fly. People who design buildings use this math idea too. When this idea first appeared, many people tried to show it was true in different ways, and there were about 370 different ways to do this. In 1927, a mathematician (数学家) named Elisha Loomis said that proving this with trigonometry (三角学) was impossible. His reason was that you can’t prove an idea is true by using the idea itself. However, a mathematician named Jason Zimba first proved it successfully in 2009. And the second came six years later by mathematician Nuno Luzia. Three years ago, two high school students, Ne’Kiya Jackson and Calcea Johnson, also found a way to prove the Pythagorean theorem based on trigonometry. In March 2023, the two showed their work at a math meeting. Publishing their findings was challenging, and they had to learn new skills. Encouraged by Zimba’s proof (证明), they developed more proofs. One of them includes filling a large triangle with smaller triangles and using math to find side lengths. This amazed other mathematicians. Jackson and Johnson also left five proofs for others to explore, which give a starting point for more research. Their journey shows that exploring math is timeless and exciting, and the new way of thinking encourages more young mathematicians to be creative and challenge the usual rules. 1．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To show how to find the longest side of a triangle. B．To describe how the Pythagorean theorem is used in study and life. C．To introduce why the Pythagorean theorem is difficult to prove. D．To explain why buildings are designed with the Pythagorean theorem. 2．Why did Elisha Loomis think it was impossible to prove the theorem with trigonometry? A．Bacause trigonometry is only for dealing with angles. B．Because trigonometry was not well developed at that time. C．Because mathematicians didn’t know much about triangles. D．Because he believed that the same idea shouldn’t be used to prove itself. 3．Who first proved the Pythagorean theorem with trigonometry? A．Jason Zimba. B．Calcea Johnson. C．Nuno Luzia. D．Ne’Kiya Jackson. 4．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Sharing their ideas at a math meeting. B．Publishing their findings successfully. C．The new way they used to prove the theorem. D．Dividing a larger triangle into smaller ones. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．New ways of thinking can lead to further development in math. B．The theorem has already been proved in the best way. C．Exploring math is less interesting than other school subjects. D．Young people prefer learning skills to exploring new ideas. D （2025·福建漳州·二模）Most plants get the most of their water from the ground, even the tallest trees. That water makes its way up to their leaves. But how does it get all the way up there? Using a phenomenon (现象) called “capillary action (毛细管作用)”, plants take up water kind of like drinking through a straw (吸管). Welcome to the Sunshine Smart Kids Lab. Now, let’s watch this effect carefully using a common vegetable—celery (芹菜). Materials needed: or A tall glass water a measuring cup celery Food coloring Experimental Steps (Ask an adult to use the knife.):1. Measure out half a cup of water and add it to the tall glass. 2. Add about 20 drops of food coloring to the water. 3. Cut the end of the celery stalk (秆) to make a fresh surface. 4. Put the celery stalk into the glass with the cut side in the water. 5. You can use the celery to stir (搅拌) the water so it mixes with the food coloring. Leave your celery in the glass for a day or two and watch it carefully often. What happens? You should see color coming up into the leaves of your celery. Have an adult cut into the celery so you can see how the colored water has traveled. You can also try this with white flowers. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By raising a question. C．By telling the reason. D．By giving an example. 2．Which picture can correctly show the fourth step of the experiment? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代)? A．The glass. B．The celery. C．The water. D．The food coloring. 4．What’s the main purpose of this text? A．To learn about how celery grows. B．To find out how plants get the energy. C．To test the condition of “capillary action”. D．To explore how plants take up water. 5．Where can we probably find this text? A．A news website. B．A storybook. C．A science magazine. D．An art textbook. E （2025·福建福州·三模） Warnings ** Take it with a lot of water so that the medicine won’t stay in your throat. ** Take with food so your stomach won’t feel bad. ** May make you sleepy. Do not drive or use dangerous machines. Directions adults and children aged 12 years old and over 2 tablets (药片) every 4 to 6 hours; not more than 12 tablets in 24 hours children aged 6 years old to under 12 years old 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours; not more than 6 tablets in 24 hours ______ ask the doctor 1．When is the proper time for people to take the medicine? A．In April 2024. B．In May 2025. C．In July 2025. D．In August 2025. 2．Who should take this medicine? A．Lanny who has a cold. B．Bob who cuts his finger. C．Sana who has a sore back. D．Jessie who has a stomachache. 3．Which person did the wrong thing according to the passage? A．I have dinner with the medicine. B．I take the medicine with a glass of water. C．I go to sleep after taking the medicine. D．I drive to work after taking the medicine. 4．How many tablets should Jane’s 12-year-old son take a day? A．Less than 4. B．Not more than 6. C．At least 8. D．More than 12. 5．Which of the following can be put in “______”? A．children under 3 years old B．children under 6 years old C．teenagers aged 13 to 15 years old D．teenagers aged 15 to 18 years old F （2025·福建福州·三模）As a country strong in math, China has many folk games filled with math wisdom (智慧). You may have played many of them before. Let’s take a look at Three Chinese Classical Intelligence (智力) Games—Tangram, Nine Linked Rings (九连环) and Huarong Road. ① First popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Tangram is a game made up of seven pieces of different shapes, including five triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Players need to use these seven pieces to create new shapes. To do it, they must know about plane geometry (平面几何). In the 18th century, the game spread to the West and soon became popular there. ② Nine Linked Rings puzzle has a history of over 2,000 years. It is made up of nine rings connected to a handle (手柄). Players need to move all the rings from the handle to win the game. This is not a simple game. For example, if you want to move the ninth ring, you have to move the third, fifth and seventh ones first, or you will not be able to do it. ③ Huarong Road puzzle is a block-moving game. It first appeared in the early 20th century. Each block is named after a character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, like Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Zhao Yun. To win the game, players need to move the blocks to get Cao Cao out. It aims to test the players’ math knowledge, for example, geometric area. 1．Choose the right picture for each blank: ________. A．①-a ②-b ③-c B．①-b ②-a ③-c C．①-b ②-c ③-a D．①-c ②-a ③-b 2．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．expressing feelings B．giving examples C．asking a question D．explaining reasons 3．Which of the following shapes is made by Tangram? A． B． C． D． 4．What do all these games have in common? A．They are about plane geometry. B．They are digital games. C．They are block-moving games. D．They are about math problems. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．A movie poster. B．A magazine. C．A story book. D．A novel. G （2026·福建三明·一模） We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated (模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures (榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e 5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩). The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes (月震) often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as 180°C during the day and as cold as-190°C at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space. The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035. 1．The lunar bricks are developed to ________. A．study the lunar soil B．build a base on the moon C．test the weather on the moon D．create stronger building materials on Earth 2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Normal bricks. B．Red bricks. C．Lunar bricks. D．The scientists. 3．Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant? A．They wanted to find materials. B．The simulant is different from real lunar soil. C．The soil on the moon changes from place to place. D．They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks. 4．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why lunar bricks need to be tested. B．How the lunar bricks were made. C．What the weather is like on the moon. D．How the lunar bricks were tested. 5．What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text? A．They were tested in China’s space station. B．A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth. C．Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks. D．They will soon be used to build a lunar research station. H （25-26九年级下·福建厦门·月考）Cultural experts say Shanxi is home to the largest number of ancient buildings in China. Xuankong Temple (悬空寺) at Hengshan Mountain is no doubt one of the most wonderful examples. Made of wood, tiles and stones during the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions (楼阁) and a yard connected by stairs and steps. The stairs and steps are lined along the surface of a cliff (悬崖) rising 50 meters above a stream at the foot of the mountain. Seen from below, Xuankong Temple, which literally means “temple hanging in the sky”, appears very dangerous. It is supported only by a few thin stanchions (支柱) standing on rocks that stick out. For that reason, it was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010. Sun Shupeng, an engineer, however, disagreed with the idea that Xuankong Temple is, in fact, a dangerous building. “The temple has been standing firmly (稳固地) on the Hengshan cliff for more than 1,500 years and is still kept intact,” he said. “A study of the temple is an exploration of an ancient Chinese engineering miracle (奇迹).” Sun said the stanchions were only added recently as a psychological comfort to visitors. About twenty thick square beams (梁) support most of the building’s weight. A number of large, deep holes were dug into the cliff’s surface, and two-thirds of the length of the beams together with wedges were driven into each one. Besides its strong building, local people have found that the section of cliff above the temple acts like an umbrella to protect the temple from rain and sunlight. In summer, when the daytime is the longest, the temple only receives about two hours of direct sunlight a day during the morning. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? ①The temple is at the top of the mountain.    ②There is a stream at the foot of the mountain. ③The temple is made of wood, tiles and stones.    ④The temple is made up of two yards and a pavilion. A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 2．Why does the temple look dangerous? A．Because it is badly broken. B．Because it was built 1,500 years ago. C．Because it is 50 meters high above a stream. D．Because it seems to be supported only by a few thin stanchions. 3．What does the underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．完好无损的 B．摇摇欲坠的 C．恢宏强大的 D．屹立不倒的 4．What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 5? A．To advertise the value of the building. B．To show the safety of Xuankong Temple. C．To explain how Xuankong Temple was built. D．To tell the purpose of building Xuankong Temple. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Hengshan Mountain: The Birthplace of Xuankong Temple B．Xuankong Temple: A Dangerous Building on the Stream C．Xuankong Temple: a Popular Tourist Attraction D．Xuankong Temple: a Wonder of Ancient Times I （2025·福建福州·三模） ①In the world of modern science and technology, China’s “artificial sun” (人工太阳) project has caught the eye of people around the globe. The “artificial sun” is officially named the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). EAST is a very important machine for studying nuclear fusion (核聚变). Nuclear fusion is similar to how the sun makes energy. Scientists believe it can give people almost endless clean energy in the future. ②EAST looks like a big round machine. It is made of many different and complicated (复杂的) parts. The most important part of this machine is to make a place that’s very hot and has high pressure, just like the inside of the sun. ③Inside EAST, hydrogen (氢) atoms are heated to extremely high temperatures. Then they become a special form of matter called plasma (等离子体). In this state, hydrogen atoms can join together and give out a lot of energy. ④Chinese scientists have worked really hard on the “artificial sun” project. They have many difficult problems to solve. For example, they need to find ways to control the super-hot plasma steadily (稳定地) and make materials that can stand such high temperatures. ⑤After years of hard work, China has made a lot of progress. EAST has even set world records by running the plasma for a long time. These successes show that China is very strong in nuclear fusion research. ⑥The “artificial sun” project is important not just for China, but for the whole world. If nuclear fusion technology can be widely used in the future, it will solve the problem of not having enough energy. ⑦It will also make us less dependent on fossil fuels (化石燃料), which is good for protecting the environment. With more research, the day when the “artificial sun” brings clean energy everywhere may come soon. 1．What is the “artificial sun” called? A．EAST B．Nuclear fusion C．Plasma D．Hydrogen 2．What is the main job of EAST? A．To make hydrogen atoms B．To create a high-temperature and high-pressure place C．To study fossil fuels D．To control the sun’s energy 3．What problem do Chinese scientists face in the “artificial sun” research? A．How to make more hydrogen atoms B．How to make the machine round C．How to control the super-hot plasma steadily D．How to make the machine run faster 4．What will happen if nuclear fusion technology is widely used? A．There will be more fossil fuels B．People will have less clean energy C．The problem of energy shortages will be solved D．It will be bad for the environment 5．What is the structure of this article? A．①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦B．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦C．①/②③/④⑤⑥/⑦ D．①/②③/④⑤/⑥⑦ 二、短文填空 A （24-25九年级下·福建南平·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has a long history, and many stories are 1 (hide) in ancient books, such as Shan Hai Jing, or Classic of Mountains and Seas. It is a fantastic geographical and 2 (culture) record of the pre-Qin China as well as a collection of Chinese mythology (神话) . It was once thought that mythical characters such as Yu the Great or Boyi wrote the book. However, the general agreement 3 modern scholars (学者) is that the book was not written at a single time by a single writer, but rather by many people from the period of the Warring States to the 4 (begin) of the Han Dynasty. The exact writer of the book and the time it was written are still uncertain. There is nothing more attractive in Shan Hai Jing than the mysterious monsters described in it. Here are some 5 (example). On the mountain Raiseshake, there is an animal 6 looks like a long-tailed ape, but it has white ears. It runs like a human. Its name is the live-lively. If you eat it, you’ll be a good runner. There is another kind of wild animal in Mount Qingqiu. It looks like a fox but has nine tails. Its cry is almost the 7 as that of a baby. If you eat its meat, you will not be harmed by bad 8 (spirit). Also there is a bird in Mount Base. It looks like 9 chicken, but it has three heads, six eyes, six feet, and three wings. Its name is the esteem-add. If you eat it, you won’t keep falling asleep. These monsters give readers a look at the ancients’ understanding and imagination of some unknown things. As a record of ancient Chinese mythology, Shan Hai Jing is attractive 10 (with) doubt. It is an encyclopedia (百科全书) that can show ancient social life. B （2025·福建福州·三模）阅读以下短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词或所给单词的正确形式，每空不超过两词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Reading history books can let us learn from great people in history and live better. The history book that you can’t miss is Historical Records. Historical Records is the biographical (传记的) general history of China. It was written 1 Sima Qian, an official during the Western Han Dynasty. The work records the history that 2 (begin) with the famous Yellow Emperor and ended with the first years of the Han Wudi period, covering around 3,000 years. In this book, I really like the way the writer describes different people. For example, there’s Da Yu, the first emperor of the Xia Dynasty. He tried so 3 (hard) to stop a big flood that he refused to enter his home while passing by three times. His selflessness (无私) truly touches me. I also hope to be 4 great person like Da Yu. There are also two farmers, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. They stood up and led a group of people 5 (fight) with the tyrannical (残暴的) Qin Dynasty. They won the war against the Qin and led the way for the Han Dynasty. Their story shows that every person can become something great as long as he tried 6 (he) best. It doesn’t matter whether he was born rich 7 poor. When I read this book, I could see how Sima Qian made the characters 8 (interest) with his words. Thanks to his great skills of writing, this book is filled with strong feelings of love and hate. So if you are also interested in history, why not go to the library and spend some time 9 (read) this book? It might be quite a good 10 (choose). C （2025·福建福州·三模）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Fujian, 1 beautiful province in southeast China, has a fascinating history. The name “Fujian” comes from two old cities, Fuzhou and Jianzhou. Long ago, in the Tang Dynasty, these two important places got together, which was known 2 Fujian. The story of Fujian shows how different cultures mixed. People here not only kept their own traditions 3 also learned from others. As time passed, Fujian became 4 (rich) than before. It developed into a major trading center because of its wonderful location by the sea. Many 5 (businessman) from different countries came here. They built relationships, traded goods, and shared ideas. This made Fujian 6 (real) famous in the world. Over the years, Fujian has 7 (change) a lot. It has modernized while still respecting its past. The local people take pride in their hometown and work hard to make it better. They enjoy introducing Fujian to the world 8 (they). By 9 (visit) Fujian today, you can still see ancient buildings 10 feel the rich history. You will love Fujian if you live here. 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 抢分05 跨学科融合阅读 （热点时文） 热点导读 热点集训 阅读理解 A篇 介绍了如何在家做气压计，可以测量气压，自己预测天气！ B篇 主要介绍了麻省理工学院研发的新型“气泡包装”，该发明可从空气中收集清洁饮用水，解决缺水地区的饮水难题，同时介绍了其工作原理、测试情况、安全设计与应用前景。 C篇 主要介绍了勾股定理（Pythagorean theorem）的定义、在学习与生活中的应用、相关的证明历史，以及两位高中生提出的新证明方法，展现了数学探索的价值与意义。 D篇 通过芹菜实验演示“毛细管作用”，解释植物如何通过该现象从地面吸收水分，旨在以直观方式呈现科学原理。 E篇 药物的使用说明。 F篇 介绍了中国三大经典智力游戏——七巧板、九连环和华容道。 G篇 主要介绍了华中科技大学科学家们为在月球上建造基地而研发的“月壤砖”，包括其制造原理、结构特点、测试的必要性以及目前的进展。 H篇 介绍了位于恒山的悬空寺，包括其建造材料、结构、外观危险的原因、稳固性以及独特的自然保护条件。 I篇 介绍了中国“人工太阳”项目EAST的名称、工作原理、中国科学家面临的挑战、取得的进展及其对世界的重要意义。 短文填空 A篇 主要向我们介绍了著作《山海经》。 B篇 介绍了中国历史名著《史记》的主要内容及其价值。 C篇 主要介绍了中国东南部省份福建的历史、文化融合、发展及现状。 一、阅读理解 A （2025·福建厦门·二模） Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself! 1 Make the Rubber CoverScissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band. 2 Fix the Straw PointerCut one straw-end at 45° for a sharp point. Tape the straw’s other end to the balloon’s center. Ensure it points straightly—it’s your “pointer”! 3 Draw the LinesPut an A4 paper in front of the straw’s sharp end. Mark the straw-pointing spot with a pencil. Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and belowthis spot, 0.5cm apart. 4 Name the Weather SignsDraw a sun next to the top mark, a cloud with raindrops next to the bottom mark. Place the whole device (装置) in a corner where it won’t be disturbed (打扰). 5 Observe and RecordCheck straw position daily at set times, record where it points. If the straw points to the top mark, the weather will probably be dry and sunny. If it points to the bottom mark, it may rain. If it’s in the middle, it will probably stay the same. How it works… Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite. 1．Among all the following objects, which are needed in Step 1? A．B．C． D． 2．The straw is used to _______. A．fix the rubber band B．draw the pictures C．point at the lines D．make the balloon smooth 3．According to the underlined part in Step 3, which of the following picture is correct? A．B．C． D． 4．How does the barometer (气压计) work on sunny days? A．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer up B．Low pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer down C．High pressure outside→Balloon lid out→Pointer down D．High pressure outside→Balloon lid in→Pointer up 5．In which section of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Science. B．Space. C．Sports. D．News. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了如何在家做气压计，可以测量气压，自己预测天气！ 1．细节理解题。根据“Scissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band.”可知，剪掉气球底部的1/3。将左侧部分展开。把它紧紧地拉过罐顶。按压气球使其光滑，然后用橡皮筋系紧，因此必须用到瓶子、气球、剪刀和橡皮筋。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Ensure it points straightly—it’s your “pointer”!”可知，吸管是用来指向线条的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and below this spot, 0.5 cm apart.”可知，用尺子在这个点的上方和下方各画4条线，相距0.5 cm。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite.”可知，雨天时暖空气上升导致低压，内部空气将气球盖推出，然后移动的吸管指针下降，反之是晴天。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself!”可推知，我们可以在杂志的科学部分阅读这段文字。故选A。 B （25-26九年级下·福建厦门·月考）Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have made a new “bubble wrap” that can collect clean drinking water from the air—even in Death Valley, the driest desert in North America. This invention could help many people around the world get safe drinking water, especially in places where water is hard to find. The team shared their results in a study on June 11, 2025. The tool uses a special material: hydrogel (水凝胶). It can take in water and it is placed between two pieces of glass, much like a window. At night, it takes water vapor from the air. During the day, the water vapor turns into liquid (液体) water on the cool glass and then drops. The hydrogel has many small round parts, like air bubbles. These round parts grow bigger when they take in water from the air. They increase the surface area, helping the material collect more water. Scientists tested the tool for one week in Death Valley. Each small board made about 57 to 161 milliliters of water daily—about a quarter to two-thirds of a cup. In wetter areas, it could make even more. The tool also works without electricity. Older designs had a problem: lithium (锂) salt, used to help take in water, sometimes leaked (泄漏) into the water and made it dangerous to drink. But this new design uses glycerol (甘油), which keeps the salt from leaking. This way, the lithium salt level stays far below safety limits. “We imagine these could be used in many places,” said MIT researcher Xuanhe Zhao. “They don’t take up much space, and people can build more of them to make a real difference.” 1．Why was the bubble wrap invented? A．To make dry places wetter. B．To produce power from air. C．To provide safe water to drink. D．To clean polluted river water. 2．According to the picture, what happens in Stage ③? A．Hydrogel takes water vapor from the air. B．Water vapor becomes liquid. C．Air turns into water vapor. D．Water disappears. 3．How did the scientists test the tool? A．By placing it in a dry desert area. B．By trying it out in a laboratory for a whole year. C．By using it in a wet place with electricity. D．By asking local people to use it in daily life. 4．How do the scientists make sure the collected water is safe to drink? A．They use lithium salt to clean the water. B．They use the tool only in areas with fresh air. C．They test the water quality every day. D．They use glycerol to avoid lithium-salt leakage. 5．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To ask people to save more water. B．To tell readers a story about Death Valley. C．To introduce a useful new invention. D．To teach people how to make clean water at home. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了麻省理工学院研发的新型“气泡包装”，该发明可从空气中收集清洁饮用水，解决缺水地区的饮水难题，同时介绍了其工作原理、测试情况、安全设计与应用前景。 1．第一段明确提到“Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have made a new ‘bubble wrap’ that can collect clean drinking water from the air...”以及第二段“…get safe drinking water, especially in places where water is hard to find.”说明麻省理工学院研发的新型“气泡包装”，该发明可从空气中收集清洁饮用水。 2．第二段说明工作原理：“At night, it takes water vapor from the air. During the day, the water vapor turns into liquid water on the cool glass and then drops.”结合图示，①为空气输入 (夜间阶段)，②为水凝胶取水，③为白天阶段，④为液态水滴落。 3．第三段提到“Scientists tested the tool for one week in Death Valley. Each small board made about 57 to 161 milliliters of water daily—about a quarter to two-thirds of a cup.”，其中Death Valley是北美最干燥的沙漠地区。 4．第四段说明安全设计：“...But this new design uses glycerol (甘油), which keeps the salt from leaking....”，说明用甘油防止锂盐泄漏。 5．全文围绕MIT研发的新型取水“气泡包装”展开，系统介绍新发明的功能、原理、优势与应用。 C （25-26九年级下·福建厦门·月考）The Pythagorean theorem (勾股定理), a2 + b2 = c2, is a big math idea. It tells us that in a right triangle, the square of the longest side is the sum of the squares of the other two sides. In school, the Pythagorean theorem allows students to work out the length of the third side of a right triangle when the other two are known. In real life, it helps planes find the shortest way to fly. People who design buildings use this math idea too. When this idea first appeared, many people tried to show it was true in different ways, and there were about 370 different ways to do this. In 1927, a mathematician (数学家) named Elisha Loomis said that proving this with trigonometry (三角学) was impossible. His reason was that you can’t prove an idea is true by using the idea itself. However, a mathematician named Jason Zimba first proved it successfully in 2009. And the second came six years later by mathematician Nuno Luzia. Three years ago, two high school students, Ne’Kiya Jackson and Calcea Johnson, also found a way to prove the Pythagorean theorem based on trigonometry. In March 2023, the two showed their work at a math meeting. Publishing their findings was challenging, and they had to learn new skills. Encouraged by Zimba’s proof (证明), they developed more proofs. One of them includes filling a large triangle with smaller triangles and using math to find side lengths. This amazed other mathematicians. Jackson and Johnson also left five proofs for others to explore, which give a starting point for more research. Their journey shows that exploring math is timeless and exciting, and the new way of thinking encourages more young mathematicians to be creative and challenge the usual rules. 1．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To show how to find the longest side of a triangle. B．To describe how the Pythagorean theorem is used in study and life. C．To introduce why the Pythagorean theorem is difficult to prove. D．To explain why buildings are designed with the Pythagorean theorem. 2．Why did Elisha Loomis think it was impossible to prove the theorem with trigonometry? A．Bacause trigonometry is only for dealing with angles. B．Because trigonometry was not well developed at that time. C．Because mathematicians didn’t know much about triangles. D．Because he believed that the same idea shouldn’t be used to prove itself. 3．Who first proved the Pythagorean theorem with trigonometry? A．Jason Zimba. B．Calcea Johnson. C．Nuno Luzia. D．Ne’Kiya Jackson. 4．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Sharing their ideas at a math meeting. B．Publishing their findings successfully. C．The new way they used to prove the theorem. D．Dividing a larger triangle into smaller ones. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．New ways of thinking can lead to further development in math. B．The theorem has already been proved in the best way. C．Exploring math is less interesting than other school subjects. D．Young people prefer learning skills to exploring new ideas. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了勾股定理（Pythagorean theorem）的定义、在学习与生活中的应用、相关的证明历史，以及两位高中生提出的新证明方法，展现了数学探索的价值与意义。 1．第二段：“In school, the Pythagorean theorem allows students to work out the length of the third side of a right triangle when the other two are known. In real life, it helps planes find the shortest way to fly. People who design buildings use this math idea too.”，说明本段核心是介绍勾股定理在学习和生活中的应用。 2．第三段第二、三句：“In 1927, a mathematician named Elisha Loomis said that proving this with trigonometry was impossible. His reason was that you can’t prove an idea is true by using the idea itself.”，说明他的核心理由是不能用理论本身证明自身。 3．第三段第四句：“However, a mathematician named Jason Zimba first proved it successfully in 2009.”，直接说明Jason Zimba是首位用三角学成功证明该定理的数学家。 4．第四段第四、五句：“One of them includes filling a large triangle with smaller triangles and using math to find side lengths. This amazed other mathematicians.”，说明This指代前文提到的两位高中生提出的全新勾股定理证明方法。 5．第四段第七句：“Their journey shows that exploring math is timeless and exciting, and the new way of thinking encourages more young mathematicians to be creative and challenge the usual rules.”，说明新的思维方式能够推动数学的进一步发展。 D （2025·福建漳州·二模）Most plants get the most of their water from the ground, even the tallest trees. That water makes its way up to their leaves. But how does it get all the way up there? Using a phenomenon (现象) called “capillary action (毛细管作用)”, plants take up water kind of like drinking through a straw (吸管). Welcome to the Sunshine Smart Kids Lab. Now, let’s watch this effect carefully using a common vegetable—celery (芹菜). Materials needed: or A tall glass water a measuring cup celery Food coloring Experimental Steps (Ask an adult to use the knife.):1. Measure out half a cup of water and add it to the tall glass. 2. Add about 20 drops of food coloring to the water. 3. Cut the end of the celery stalk (秆) to make a fresh surface. 4. Put the celery stalk into the glass with the cut side in the water. 5. You can use the celery to stir (搅拌) the water so it mixes with the food coloring. Leave your celery in the glass for a day or two and watch it carefully often. What happens? You should see color coming up into the leaves of your celery. Have an adult cut into the celery so you can see how the colored water has traveled. You can also try this with white flowers. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By raising a question. C．By telling the reason. D．By giving an example. 2．Which picture can correctly show the fourth step of the experiment? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代)? A．The glass. B．The celery. C．The water. D．The food coloring. 4．What’s the main purpose of this text? A．To learn about how celery grows. B．To find out how plants get the energy. C．To test the condition of “capillary action”. D．To explore how plants take up water. 5．Where can we probably find this text? A．A news website. B．A storybook. C．A science magazine. D．An art textbook. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇科学实验指导文本，通过芹菜实验演示“毛细管作用”，解释植物如何通过该现象从地面吸收水分，旨在以直观方式呈现科学原理。 1．细节理解题。根据开篇“But how does it get all the way up there?”可知，通过提问题的形式引出话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四步“Put the celery stalk into the glass with the cut side in the water.”可知，要将芹菜秆的切口端浸入水中。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五步“You can use the celery to stir (搅拌) the water so it mixes with the food coloring.”中，“it”指代前半句的“the water”，即搅拌水使其与食用色素混合。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。全文通过芹菜实验演示“毛细管作用”，目的是解释植物如何吸水。故选D。 5．推理判断题。文章介绍科学实验，解释植物吸水原理，属于科普内容，最可能出现在“科学杂志”。故选C。 E （2025·福建福州·三模） Warnings ** Take it with a lot of water so that the medicine won’t stay in your throat. ** Take with food so your stomach won’t feel bad. ** May make you sleepy. Do not drive or use dangerous machines. Directions adults and children aged 12 years old and over 2 tablets (药片) every 4 to 6 hours; not more than 12 tablets in 24 hours children aged 6 years old to under 12 years old 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours; not more than 6 tablets in 24 hours ______ ask the doctor 1．When is the proper time for people to take the medicine? A．In April 2024. B．In May 2025. C．In July 2025. D．In August 2025. 2．Who should take this medicine? A．Lanny who has a cold. B．Bob who cuts his finger. C．Sana who has a sore back. D．Jessie who has a stomachache. 3．Which person did the wrong thing according to the passage? A．I have dinner with the medicine. B．I take the medicine with a glass of water. C．I go to sleep after taking the medicine. D．I drive to work after taking the medicine. 4．How many tablets should Jane’s 12-year-old son take a day? A．Less than 4. B．Not more than 6. C．At least 8. D．More than 12. 5．Which of the following can be put in “______”? A．children under 3 years old B．children under 6 years old C．teenagers aged 13 to 15 years old D．teenagers aged 15 to 18 years old 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是药物的使用说明。 1．细节理解题。根据“DATE 06/23/24”可知，该药物是2024年6月23日生产的；结合“USE BEFORE 06/23/25”可知，有效期到2025年6月23日，因此在2025年5月是服用该药的合适时间。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Help with common cold, headache, fever and cough”可知，感冒的Lanny可以服用该药。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“May make you sleepy. Do not drive or use dangerous machines”可知，服用该药后不要开车，D选项是错误做法。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“2 tablets (药片) every 4 to 6 hours; not more than 12 tablets in 24 hours”可知，每4到6小时服用2片，故一天至少要服用8片。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“adults and children aged 12 years old and over”及“children aged 6 years old to under 12 years old”可知，此处应是介绍6岁以下的儿童的用药说明。故选B。 F （2025·福建福州·三模）As a country strong in math, China has many folk games filled with math wisdom (智慧). You may have played many of them before. Let’s take a look at Three Chinese Classical Intelligence (智力) Games—Tangram, Nine Linked Rings (九连环) and Huarong Road. ① First popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Tangram is a game made up of seven pieces of different shapes, including five triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Players need to use these seven pieces to create new shapes. To do it, they must know about plane geometry (平面几何). In the 18th century, the game spread to the West and soon became popular there. ② Nine Linked Rings puzzle has a history of over 2,000 years. It is made up of nine rings connected to a handle (手柄). Players need to move all the rings from the handle to win the game. This is not a simple game. For example, if you want to move the ninth ring, you have to move the third, fifth and seventh ones first, or you will not be able to do it. ③ Huarong Road puzzle is a block-moving game. It first appeared in the early 20th century. Each block is named after a character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, like Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Zhao Yun. To win the game, players need to move the blocks to get Cao Cao out. It aims to test the players’ math knowledge, for example, geometric area. 1．Choose the right picture for each blank: ________. A．①-a ②-b ③-c B．①-b ②-a ③-c C．①-b ②-c ③-a D．①-c ②-a ③-b 2．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．expressing feelings B．giving examples C．asking a question D．explaining reasons 3．Which of the following shapes is made by Tangram? A． B． C． D． 4．What do all these games have in common? A．They are about plane geometry. B．They are digital games. C．They are block-moving games. D．They are about math problems. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．A movie poster. B．A magazine. C．A story book. D．A novel. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国三大经典智力游戏——七巧板、九连环和华容道。 1．推理判断题。根据“First popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Tangram is a game made up of seven pieces of different shapes,”可知，七巧板是一种由七块不同形状的板子组成的游戏，故可推知，c图对应①；根据“Nine Linked Rings puzzle has a history of over 2,000 years. It is made up of nine rings connected to a handle (手柄). Players need to move all the rings from the handle to win the game.”可知，九连环游戏是由九个环连接在一个手柄上，故可推知，a图对应②；根据“Huarong Road puzzle is a block-moving game.”可知，华容道拼图是一种移动方块的游戏。故可推知，b图对应③。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“As a country strong in math, China has many folk games filled with math wisdom (智慧). You may have played many of them before. Let’s take a look at Three Chinese Classical Intelligence (智力) Games—Tangram, Nine Linked Rings (九连环) and Huarong Road.”可知，作者在文章开头举了几个例子。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“the Tangram is a game made up of seven pieces of different shapes, including five triangles, a square and a parallelogram.”可知，七巧板由五个三角形、一个正方形和一个平行四边形组成，没有半圆形或圆形，排除A和D；B项中有六个三角形，数量不符。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“the Tangram…To do it, they must know about plane geometry”、“Nine Linked Rings puzzle…This is not a simple game. For example, if you want to move the ninth ring, you have to move the third, fifth and seventh ones first, or you will not be able to do it.”以及“Huarong Road puzzle…It aims to test the players’ math knowledge”可推知，这些游戏的共同之处都是关于数学问题。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国三大经典智力游戏——七巧板、九连环和华容道。故可推知，文章可能来自杂志。故选B。 G （2026·福建三明·一模） We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated (模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures (榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e 5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩). The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes (月震) often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as 180°C during the day and as cold as-190°C at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space. The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035. 1．The lunar bricks are developed to ________. A．study the lunar soil B．build a base on the moon C．test the weather on the moon D．create stronger building materials on Earth 2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Normal bricks. B．Red bricks. C．Lunar bricks. D．The scientists. 3．Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant? A．They wanted to find materials. B．The simulant is different from real lunar soil. C．The soil on the moon changes from place to place. D．They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks. 4．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why lunar bricks need to be tested. B．How the lunar bricks were made. C．What the weather is like on the moon. D．How the lunar bricks were tested. 5．What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text? A．They were tested in China’s space station. B．A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth. C．Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks. D．They will soon be used to build a lunar research station. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了华中科技大学科学家们为在月球上建造基地而研发的“月壤砖”，包括其制造原理、结构特点、测试的必要性以及目前的进展。 1．细节理解题。根据第2段“Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology have developed ‘lunar bricks’. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.”可知，研发月球砖的目的是在月球上建造基地。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第3段“The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures…”可知，这里的“They”指代前一句的主语“The bricks”，即“lunar bricks”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第4段“Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon… This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks.”可知，因为月球上不同地方的土壤不同，所以需要测试不同种类的模拟月壤来挑选最佳材料。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。第5段主要说明月球砖需要经过充分测试的原因：月球环境恶劣，有月震、强辐射和极端温差。因此，本段主要讲的是为什么月球砖需要测试。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据第6段“The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.”可知，月球砖曾在中国的空间站接受测试。故选A。 H （25-26九年级下·福建厦门·月考）Cultural experts say Shanxi is home to the largest number of ancient buildings in China. Xuankong Temple (悬空寺) at Hengshan Mountain is no doubt one of the most wonderful examples. Made of wood, tiles and stones during the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions (楼阁) and a yard connected by stairs and steps. The stairs and steps are lined along the surface of a cliff (悬崖) rising 50 meters above a stream at the foot of the mountain. Seen from below, Xuankong Temple, which literally means “temple hanging in the sky”, appears very dangerous. It is supported only by a few thin stanchions (支柱) standing on rocks that stick out. For that reason, it was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010. Sun Shupeng, an engineer, however, disagreed with the idea that Xuankong Temple is, in fact, a dangerous building. “The temple has been standing firmly (稳固地) on the Hengshan cliff for more than 1,500 years and is still kept intact,” he said. “A study of the temple is an exploration of an ancient Chinese engineering miracle (奇迹).” Sun said the stanchions were only added recently as a psychological comfort to visitors. About twenty thick square beams (梁) support most of the building’s weight. A number of large, deep holes were dug into the cliff’s surface, and two-thirds of the length of the beams together with wedges were driven into each one. Besides its strong building, local people have found that the section of cliff above the temple acts like an umbrella to protect the temple from rain and sunlight. In summer, when the daytime is the longest, the temple only receives about two hours of direct sunlight a day during the morning. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? ①The temple is at the top of the mountain.    ②There is a stream at the foot of the mountain. ③The temple is made of wood, tiles and stones.    ④The temple is made up of two yards and a pavilion. A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 2．Why does the temple look dangerous? A．Because it is badly broken. B．Because it was built 1,500 years ago. C．Because it is 50 meters high above a stream. D．Because it seems to be supported only by a few thin stanchions. 3．What does the underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．完好无损的 B．摇摇欲坠的 C．恢宏强大的 D．屹立不倒的 4．What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 5? A．To advertise the value of the building. B．To show the safety of Xuankong Temple. C．To explain how Xuankong Temple was built. D．To tell the purpose of building Xuankong Temple. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Hengshan Mountain: The Birthplace of Xuankong Temple B．Xuankong Temple: A Dangerous Building on the Stream C．Xuankong Temple: a Popular Tourist Attraction D．Xuankong Temple: a Wonder of Ancient Times 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于恒山的悬空寺，包括其建造材料、结构、外观危险的原因、稳固性以及独特的自然保护条件。 1．第二段提到：“Made of wood, tiles and stones during the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions (楼阁) and a yard connected by stairs and steps. The stairs and steps are lined along the surface of a cliff (悬崖) rising 50 meters above a stream at the foot of the mountain.”，这直接说明寺庙由木头、瓦片和石头建造，并且山脚下有一条小溪。因此②③正确，①④错误。 2．第三段提到：“It is supported only by a few thin stanchions (支柱) standing on rocks that stick out. For that reason, it was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010.”，这直接说明寺庙看起来危险是因为它似乎仅由几根细支柱支撑。 3．第四段提到：“The temple has been standing firmly (稳固地) on the Hengshan cliff for more than 1,500 years and is still kept intact.”，根据语境可知，寺庙在恒山悬崖上稳固地矗立了1500多年，并且仍然保持完好无损，所以“intact”的意思是“完好无损的”。 4．第五段提到：“Sun said the stanchions were only added recently as a psychological comfort to visitors. About twenty thick square beams (梁) support most of the building’s weight. A number of large, deep holes were dug into the cliff’s surface, and two-thirds of the length of the beams together with wedges were driven into each one.”，根据语境可知，该段主要介绍了支撑寺庙重量的主要是厚方梁，而不是支柱，从而说明悬空寺的安全性。 5．本文主要介绍了位于恒山的悬空寺，包括其建造材料、结构、外观危险的原因、稳固性以及独特的自然保护条件，展示了其作为古代建筑奇迹的魅力。因此，D选项“悬空寺：古代的奇迹”最符合文章主旨。 I （2025·福建福州·三模） ①In the world of modern science and technology, China’s “artificial sun” (人工太阳) project has caught the eye of people around the globe. The “artificial sun” is officially named the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). EAST is a very important machine for studying nuclear fusion (核聚变). Nuclear fusion is similar to how the sun makes energy. Scientists believe it can give people almost endless clean energy in the future. ②EAST looks like a big round machine. It is made of many different and complicated (复杂的) parts. The most important part of this machine is to make a place that’s very hot and has high pressure, just like the inside of the sun. ③Inside EAST, hydrogen (氢) atoms are heated to extremely high temperatures. Then they become a special form of matter called plasma (等离子体). In this state, hydrogen atoms can join together and give out a lot of energy. ④Chinese scientists have worked really hard on the “artificial sun” project. They have many difficult problems to solve. For example, they need to find ways to control the super-hot plasma steadily (稳定地) and make materials that can stand such high temperatures. ⑤After years of hard work, China has made a lot of progress. EAST has even set world records by running the plasma for a long time. These successes show that China is very strong in nuclear fusion research. ⑥The “artificial sun” project is important not just for China, but for the whole world. If nuclear fusion technology can be widely used in the future, it will solve the problem of not having enough energy. ⑦It will also make us less dependent on fossil fuels (化石燃料), which is good for protecting the environment. With more research, the day when the “artificial sun” brings clean energy everywhere may come soon. 1．What is the “artificial sun” called? A．EAST B．Nuclear fusion C．Plasma D．Hydrogen 2．What is the main job of EAST? A．To make hydrogen atoms B．To create a high-temperature and high-pressure place C．To study fossil fuels D．To control the sun’s energy 3．What problem do Chinese scientists face in the “artificial sun” research? A．How to make more hydrogen atoms B．How to make the machine round C．How to control the super-hot plasma steadily D．How to make the machine run faster 4．What will happen if nuclear fusion technology is widely used? A．There will be more fossil fuels B．People will have less clean energy C．The problem of energy shortages will be solved D．It will be bad for the environment 5．What is the structure of this article? A．①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦B．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦C．①/②③/④⑤⑥/⑦ D．①/②③/④⑤/⑥⑦ 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国“人工太阳”项目EAST的名称、工作原理、中国科学家面临的挑战、取得的进展及其对世界的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“The ‘artificial sun’ is officially named the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST).”可知，“人工太阳”的官方名称是EAST。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The most important part of this machine is to make a place that’s very hot and has high pressure, just like the inside of the sun.”可知，EAST的主要工作是制造一个高温高压的环境。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“they need to find ways to control the super-hot plasma steadily and make materials that can stand such high temperatures.”可知，中国科学家在研究中面临的问题包括如何稳定控制超热等离子体。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“If nuclear fusion technology can be widely used in the future, it will solve the problem of not having enough energy.”可知，核聚变技术广泛应用将解决能源短缺问题。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。第①段总述“人工太阳”项目及EAST的意义；第②③段介绍EAST的外观和工作原理；第④⑤段讲述中国科学家的努力及取得的进展；第⑥⑦段说明该项目对世界的重要性。因此文章结构为①/②③/④⑤/⑥⑦。故选D。 二、短文填空 A （24-25九年级下·福建南平·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has a long history, and many stories are 1 (hide) in ancient books, such as Shan Hai Jing, or Classic of Mountains and Seas. It is a fantastic geographical and 2 (culture) record of the pre-Qin China as well as a collection of Chinese mythology (神话) . It was once thought that mythical characters such as Yu the Great or Boyi wrote the book. However, the general agreement 3 modern scholars (学者) is that the book was not written at a single time by a single writer, but rather by many people from the period of the Warring States to the 4 (begin) of the Han Dynasty. The exact writer of the book and the time it was written are still uncertain. There is nothing more attractive in Shan Hai Jing than the mysterious monsters described in it. Here are some 5 (example). On the mountain Raiseshake, there is an animal 6 looks like a long-tailed ape, but it has white ears. It runs like a human. Its name is the live-lively. If you eat it, you’ll be a good runner. There is another kind of wild animal in Mount Qingqiu. It looks like a fox but has nine tails. Its cry is almost the 7 as that of a baby. If you eat its meat, you will not be harmed by bad 8 (spirit). Also there is a bird in Mount Base. It looks like 9 chicken, but it has three heads, six eyes, six feet, and three wings. Its name is the esteem-add. If you eat it, you won’t keep falling asleep. These monsters give readers a look at the ancients’ understanding and imagination of some unknown things. As a record of ancient Chinese mythology, Shan Hai Jing is attractive 10 (with) doubt. It is an encyclopedia (百科全书) that can show ancient social life. 【答案】1．hidden 2．cultural 3．among 4．beginning 5．examples 6．that/which 7．same 8．spirits 9．a 10．without 【导语】本文主要向我们介绍了著作《山海经》。 1．句意：中国历史悠久，许多故事都藏在古籍中，如《山海经》。hide“隐藏”，动词。根据“many stories are...in ancient books”可知，故事被藏在古籍中，此处用过去分词和are构成一般现在时的被动语态，故填hidden。 2．句意：它是先秦时期中国地理和文化的奇妙记录，也是中国神话的集大成者。此处作定语修饰record，用形容词形式cultural“文化的”，故填cultural。 3．句意：然而，现代学者的普遍共识是，这本书并不是由一个作者在某个单一时间完成的，而是由战国时期到汉朝初年的许多人共同完成的。根据the general agreement...modern scholars''可知，此处指在学者中间，among“在……之间”符合语境，故填among。 4．句意：然而，现代学者的普遍共识是，这本书并不是由一个作者在某个单一时间完成的，而是由战国时期到汉朝初年的许多人共同完成的。begin“开始”，动词。此处是the beginning of“……的开始”，故填beginning。 5．句意：这里有一些例子。example“例子”，可数名词，此前有some修饰，使用名词复数形式，故填examples。 6．句意：在摇山上有一种动物，它看起来像长尾猿，但有白色的耳朵。此处是定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，用that/which连接，故填that/which。 7．句意：它的叫声几乎和婴儿一样。根据“as that of a baby”可知叫声和婴儿一样，the same as“和……一样”。故填same。 8．句意：如果你吃了它的肉，就不会被恶灵伤害。spirit“灵魂”，此处表示泛指用名词复数形式，故填spirits。 9．句意：它看起来像一只鸡，但它有三个头，六只眼睛，六只脚和三个翅膀。此处泛指一只鸡，chicken首字母发辅音音素，故填a。 10．句意：作为中国古代神话的记录，《山海经》无疑是吸引人的。此处是结构without doubt“毫无疑问”，故填without。 B （2025·福建福州·三模）阅读以下短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词或所给单词的正确形式，每空不超过两词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Reading history books can let us learn from great people in history and live better. The history book that you can’t miss is Historical Records. Historical Records is the biographical (传记的) general history of China. It was written 1 Sima Qian, an official during the Western Han Dynasty. The work records the history that 2 (begin) with the famous Yellow Emperor and ended with the first years of the Han Wudi period, covering around 3,000 years. In this book, I really like the way the writer describes different people. For example, there’s Da Yu, the first emperor of the Xia Dynasty. He tried so 3 (hard) to stop a big flood that he refused to enter his home while passing by three times. His selflessness (无私) truly touches me. I also hope to be 4 great person like Da Yu. There are also two farmers, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. They stood up and led a group of people 5 (fight) with the tyrannical (残暴的) Qin Dynasty. They won the war against the Qin and led the way for the Han Dynasty. Their story shows that every person can become something great as long as he tried 6 (he) best. It doesn’t matter whether he was born rich 7 poor. When I read this book, I could see how Sima Qian made the characters 8 (interest) with his words. Thanks to his great skills of writing, this book is filled with strong feelings of love and hate. So if you are also interested in history, why not go to the library and spend some time 9 (read) this book? It might be quite a good 10 (choose). 【答案】1．by 2．began 3．hard 4．a 5．to fight 6．his 7．or 8．interesting 9．reading 10．choice 【导语】本文介绍了中国历史名著《史记》的主要内容及其价值。 1．句意：《史记》是由西汉官员司马迁所著。根据be written by sb.“由某人所写”这一固定搭配可知，这里表示《史记》的作者是司马迁。故填by。 2．句意：这部作品记录了从著名的黄帝开始到汉武帝初期的历史，涵盖了大约3000年。根据“ended with the first years of the Han Wudi period”可知，这里描述的是过去的历史，begin与ended并列作定语从句的谓语，所以要用一般过去时。故填began。 3．句意：他非常努力地去阻止一场大洪水，以至于三次路过家门都不进去。try hard to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，hard在这里是副词，修饰动词tried，且没有比较或最高级的语境。故填hard。 4．句意：我也希望成为像大禹那样的一个伟大的人。根据“I also hope to be...great person like Da Yu.”可知，这里是指成为一个伟大的人，“a + 可数名词单数”表示“一个……”，这里“great person”是可数名词单数，且great是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 5．句意：他们站起来，带领一群人与残暴的秦朝作斗争。lead sb. to do sth.表示“带领某人做某事”。故填to fight。 6．句意：他们的故事表明，只要每个人尽自己最大的努力，都可以变得很伟大。try one’s best表示“尽某人最大的努力”，这里主语是he，所以要用his。故填his。 7．句意：他出生贫穷还是富有并不重要。whether...or...表示“是……还是……”，是固定搭配。故填or。 8．句意：当我读这本书时，我能看到司马迁是如何用他的文字使人物变得有趣的。make sb./sth. + adj.表示“使某人/某物……”，这里表示使人物有趣，interesting修饰characters，表示“有趣的”。故填interesting。 9．句意：所以如果你也对历史感兴趣，为什么不去图书馆花些时间读这本书呢？spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”，是固定搭配。故填reading。 10．句意：它可能是一个很好的选择。根据“a good +可数名词单数”可知，这里需要一个名词，choose的名词形式是choice。故填choice。 C （2025·福建福州·三模）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Fujian, 1 beautiful province in southeast China, has a fascinating history. The name “Fujian” comes from two old cities, Fuzhou and Jianzhou. Long ago, in the Tang Dynasty, these two important places got together, which was known 2 Fujian. The story of Fujian shows how different cultures mixed. People here not only kept their own traditions 3 also learned from others. As time passed, Fujian became 4 (rich) than before. It developed into a major trading center because of its wonderful location by the sea. Many 5 (businessman) from different countries came here. They built relationships, traded goods, and shared ideas. This made Fujian 6 (real) famous in the world. Over the years, Fujian has 7 (change) a lot. It has modernized while still respecting its past. The local people take pride in their hometown and work hard to make it better. They enjoy introducing Fujian to the world 8 (they). By 9 (visit) Fujian today, you can still see ancient buildings 10 feel the rich history. You will love Fujian if you live here. 【答案】1．a 2．as 3．but 4．richer 5．businessmen 6．really 7．changed 8．themselves 9．visiting 10．and 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国东南部省份福建的历史、文化融合、发展及现状。 1．句意：福建，中国东南部一个美丽的省份，有着迷人的历史。根据“Fujian,…beautiful province in southeast China”可知，此处表泛指“一个”，且beautiful以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．句意：很久以前，在唐朝，这两个重要的地方合并在一起，被称为福建。根据“which was known…Fujian”可知，考查短语be known as“被称为”，故填as。 3．句意：这里的人们不仅保留了自己的传统，还向别人学习。根据“not only kept their own traditions…also learned from others”可知，考查not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”，故填but。 4．句意：随着时间的推移，福建变得比以前更富有。根据“than before”可知，此处用比较级，rich的比较级为richer符合语境，故填richer。 5．句意：许多来自不同国家的商人来到这里。根据“Many…”可知，many后接可数名词复数，businessman的复数为businessmen符合语境，故填businessmen。 6．句意：这使得福建在世界上非常有名。根据“made Fujian…famous”可知，此处用副词修饰形容词famous，real的副词为really符合语境，故填really。 7．句意：这些年来，福建发生了很大的变化。根据“Over the years”及has可知，此处用现在完成时，结构为has+过去分词，change的过去分词为changed符合语境，故填changed。 8．句意：他们喜欢向世界介绍福建。根据“introducing Fujian to the world…”可知，此处用反身代词，they的反身代词为themselves符合语境，故填themselves。 9．句意：今天访问福建，你仍然可以看到古老的建筑，感受丰富的历史。根据“By…”可知，by为介词，后接动名词，visit的动名词为visiting符合语境，故填visiting。 10．句意：今天访问福建，你仍然可以看到古老的建筑，感受丰富的历史。根据“see ancient buildings …feel the rich history”可知，此处表并列关系，用and连接，故填and。 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $