2026年中考英语阅读理解做题技巧之应用文课件

中考英语阅读理解 做题技巧之应用文 2 考情解码——应用文考什么？ 中考定位：高频且易得分的“基础题型” 考查频率：中考英语阅读必有1篇，占阅读总分20%-25%（以4篇阅读为例，通常为第1或第2篇，难度较低）。 核心目标：考查“快速定位信息、精准理解需求”的实用能力，贴合英语语言的工具性。 得分关键：答案多直接对应原文，极少需要深层推理，掌握技巧后易得分。 常考体裁：贴近生活的“实用文体” 体裁类型 出现频率 核心内容示例 通知（Notice） ★★★★★ 活动通知、会议通知、校园通知（时间、地点、参与要求） 广告（Advertisement） ★★★★☆ 产品广告、招聘广告、服务广告（价格、优势、联系方式） 书信（Letter/E-mail） ★★★☆☆ 邀请信、求助信、感谢信（目的、对象、核心诉求） 海报（Poster） ★★★☆☆ 演出海报、讲座海报、比赛海报（主题、时间、票价） 时刻表（Schedule） ★★☆☆☆ 公交/火车时刻表、课程表（时间、路线、安排） 说明书（Instruction） ★★☆☆☆ 产品使用说明、活动规则说明（步骤、注意事项） 常考题型：3类核心设问方向 细节查找题（占比70%）：找时间、地点、数字、联系人等具体信息（如“活动几点开始？”“产品价格是多少？”）。 目的推断题（占比20%）：判断文章写作目的（如“这则通知的目的是什么？”）。 正误判断题（占比10%）：根据原文信息判断选项对错（如“下列哪项说法符合原文？”）。 特征突破——应用文“长什么样” 结构特征：清晰明了，“重点前置” 标题醒目：直接点明文体和核心内容（如“School Sports Meeting Notice”“Summer Camp Poster”） 信息模块化：多以“小标题、项目符号、分点”呈现，避免冗长段落（如广告中“Price”“Features”“Contact”模块）。 关键信息突出：时间、数字、专有名词（人名、地名）常以大写、加粗或特殊符号标注。 语言特征：简洁实用，“直奔主题” 词汇简单化：多为基础词汇，核心词汇重复出现（如通知中的“time, place, require, join”；广告中的“cheap, special, offer, buy”）。 句式简短化：以简单句、祈使句、省略句为主，避免复杂从句（如“Meet at the school gate at 8:00 a.m.”“Call us now: 12345678”）。 语气明确化：通知多用客观陈述语气，广告多用鼓动性语气，书信多用礼貌语气。 解题法则——3步搞定应用文 题干定位——先看问题，再找目标 核心逻辑： 确定“5W1H”（Who, What, When, Where, Why, How）； 圈出题干中的其他关键词（时间、数字、人名、核心名词）； 带着问题回原文找答案。 示例： 题干：When will the English Corner start? 分析：圈出关键词“When”“English Corner”“start”，直接回原文找对应时间。 原文扫描——锁定模块，精准匹配 扫标题：确定文体，明确核心话题。 扫模块：根据题干关键词，定位到对应的小标题或段落（如找价 格→定位“Price”模块；找时间→定位“Time”模块）。 扫关键词：在目标模块中，找到与题干一致或同义的词汇，确定 答案位置。 答案验证——比对原文，排除干扰 细节题：确保答案与原文“完全匹配”（注意同义替换，如 “begin”=“start”，“cheap”=“low price”）。 目的题：根据文体判断（如通知→To inform；广告→To persuade ；邀请信→To invite）。 正误题：逐一比对选项与原文，排除“偷换概念”（如时间、数字错 误）、“无中生有”（原文未提及）的选项。 真题实战——学以致用 四川·中考真题 Climate Is Just the Start ●Author: Mikaela Loach ●Ages: 8 and up ●Price: 40 yuan In this book, Loach explains climate change and offers solutions for helping the Earth. History Smashers ●Author: Kate Messner ●Ages: 8 to 12 ●Price: 30 yuan This book traces the origin of Earth Day. The first Earth Day took place in 1970, but people have been working to protect the planet for hundreds of years. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees ●Author: Felicia Brower ●Ages: 7 to 10 ●Price: 20 yuan This book explains what to look for on a tree’s leaves and trunk to match it to one of the dozens of trees in the book. Magic in a Drop of Water ●Author: Julie Winterbottom ●Ages: 7 to 11 ●Price: 30 yuan This book explains a way to measure pollution in rivers that was discovered by Ruth Patrick (1907-2013) and is now used to conserve forests and oceans. Welcome to our bookstore. There are four different kinds of books about helping our planet. Come and buy them at our great sale. If you take one book of each kind at the same time (four books in total), you can take the cheapest one for free. 11 1. Which book suits best for the 13-year-old students? A. Climate Is Just the Start. B. History Smashers. C. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees. D. Magic in a Drop of Water. 1找 2定 12 Climate Is Just the Start ●Author: Mikaela Loach ●Ages: 8 and up ●Price: 40 yuan In this book, Loach explains climate change and offers solutions for helping the Earth. History Smashers ●Author: Kate Messner ●Ages: 8 to 12 ●Price: 30 yuan This book traces the origin of Earth Day. The first Earth Day took place in 1970, but people have been working to protect the planet for hundreds of years. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees ●Author: Felicia Brower ●Ages: 7 to 10 ●Price: 20 yuan This book explains what to look for on a tree’s leaves and trunk to match it to one of the dozens of trees in the book. Magic in a Drop of Water ●Author: Julie Winterbottom ●Ages: 7 to 11 ●Price: 30 yuan This book explains a way to measure pollution in rivers that was discovered by Ruth Patrick (1907-2013) and is now used to conserve forests and oceans. Welcome to our bookstore. There are four different kinds of books about helping our planet. Come and buy them at our great sale. If you take one book of each kind at the same time (four books in total), you can take the cheapest one for free. 13 1. Which book suits best for the 13-year-old students? A. Climate Is Just the Start. B. History Smashers. C. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees. D. Magic in a Drop of Water. 3比 【分析】本文介绍了一家书店正在进行促销活动的四本关于保护地球的书籍，具体涵盖每本书的书名、作者、适读年龄、价格以及内容概述。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据“Climate Is Just the Start. Ages: 8 and up”可知，Climate Is Just the Start这本书适合13岁的学生。故选A。 14 2. What does Magic in a Drop of Water talk about? A. The year of the first Earth Day. B. The reason for writing the book. C. The way to identify the types of trees. D. A method of measuring pollution in rivers. 1找 2定 15 Climate Is Just the Start ●Author: Mikaela Loach ●Ages: 8 and up ●Price: 40 yuan In this book, Loach explains climate change and offers solutions for helping the Earth. History Smashers ●Author: Kate Messner ●Ages: 8 to 12 ●Price: 30 yuan This book traces the origin of Earth Day. The first Earth Day took place in 1970, but people have been working to protect the planet for hundreds of years. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees ●Author: Felicia Brower ●Ages: 7 to 10 ●Price: 20 yuan This book explains what to look for on a tree’s leaves and trunk to match it to one of the dozens of trees in the book. Magic in a Drop of Water ●Author: Julie Winterbottom ●Ages: 7 to 11 ●Price: 30 yuan This book explains a way to measure pollution in rivers that was discovered by Ruth Patrick (1907-2013) and is now used to conserve forests and oceans. Welcome to our bookstore. There are four different kinds of books about helping our planet. Come and buy them at our great sale. If you take one book of each kind at the same time (four books in total), you can take the cheapest one for free. 16 2. What does Magic in a Drop of Water talk about? A. The year of the first Earth Day. B. The reason for writing the book. C. The way to identify the types of trees. D. A method of measuring pollution in rivers. 3比 【小题2】细节理解题。根据“Magic in a Drop of Water. This book explains a way to measure pollution in rivers...可知，Magic in a Drop of Water这本书讲述了由Ruth Patrick发现的一种测量河流污染的方法，该方法现被用于保护森林和海洋。故选D。 17 3. How much should you pay if you buy these four books? A. 80 yuan. B. 90 yuan. C. 100 yuan. D. 120 yuan. 1找 2定 18 Climate Is Just the Start ●Author: Mikaela Loach ●Ages: 8 and up ●Price: 40 yuan In this book, Loach explains climate change and offers solutions for helping the Earth. History Smashers ●Author: Kate Messner ●Ages: 8 to 12 ●Price: 30 yuan This book traces the origin of Earth Day. The first Earth Day took place in 1970, but people have been working to protect the planet for hundreds of years. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees ●Author: Felicia Brower ●Ages: 7 to 10 ●Price: 20 yuan This book explains what to look for on a tree’s leaves and trunk to match it to one of the dozens of trees in the book. Magic in a Drop of Water ●Author: Julie Winterbottom ●Ages: 7 to 11 ●Price: 30 yuan This book explains a way to measure pollution in rivers that was discovered by Ruth Patrick (1907-2013) and is now used to conserve forests and oceans. Welcome to our bookstore. There are four different kinds of books about helping our planet. Come and buy them at our great sale. If you take one book of each kind at the same time (four books in total), you can take the cheapest one for free. 19 3. How much should you pay if you buy these four books? A. 80 yuan. B. 90 yuan. C. 100 yuan. D. 120 yuan. 3比 【小题3】细节理解题。根据“Climate Is Just the Start. Price: 40 yuan”；“History Smashers. Price: 30 yuan”；“A Kid‘s Guide to Backyard Trees. Price: 20 yuan”；“Magic in a Drop of Water. Price: 30 yuan”以及“lf you take one book of each kind at the same time(four books in total), you can take the cheapest one for free.”可知，如果同时购买这四本书，最便宜的一本(A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees，20元）可以免费，因此实际需要支付的是其他三本书的价格总和，即40+30+30=100元。故选C。 20 4. When was the first Earth Day? A. In 1907. B. In 1970. C. In 2013. D. In 2025. 1找 2定 21 Climate Is Just the Start ●Author: Mikaela Loach ●Ages: 8 and up ●Price: 40 yuan In this book, Loach explains climate change and offers solutions for helping the Earth. History Smashers ●Author: Kate Messner ●Ages: 8 to 12 ●Price: 30 yuan This book traces the origin of Earth Day. The first Earth Day took place in 1970, but people have been working to protect the planet for hundreds of years. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees ●Author: Felicia Brower ●Ages: 7 to 10 ●Price: 20 yuan This book explains what to look for on a tree’s leaves and trunk to match it to one of the dozens of trees in the book. Magic in a Drop of Water ●Author: Julie Winterbottom ●Ages: 7 to 11 ●Price: 30 yuan This book explains a way to measure pollution in rivers that was discovered by Ruth Patrick (1907-2013) and is now used to conserve forests and oceans. Welcome to our bookstore. There are four different kinds of books about helping our planet. Come and buy them at our great sale. If you take one book of each kind at the same time (four books in total), you can take the cheapest one for free. 22 4. When was the first Earth Day? A. In 1907. B. In 1970. C. In 2013. D. In 2025. 3比 【小题4】细节理解题。根据“The first Earth Day took place in 1970..”可知，第一个地球日是在1970年。故选B。 23 5. What do the four books have in common? A. They are sold at the same price. B. They are for students of all ages. C. They are about helping the Earth. D. They are written by the same writer. 1找 2定 24 Climate Is Just the Start ●Author: Mikaela Loach ●Ages: 8 and up ●Price: 40 yuan In this book, Loach explains climate change and offers solutions for helping the Earth. History Smashers ●Author: Kate Messner ●Ages: 8 to 12 ●Price: 30 yuan This book traces the origin of Earth Day. The first Earth Day took place in 1970, but people have been working to protect the planet for hundreds of years. A Kid’s Guide to Backyard Trees ●Author: Felicia Brower ●Ages: 7 to 10 ●Price: 20 yuan This book explains what to look for on a tree’s leaves and trunk to match it to one of the dozens of trees in the book. Magic in a Drop of Water ●Author: Julie Winterbottom ●Ages: 7 to 11 ●Price: 30 yuan This book explains a way to measure pollution in rivers that was discovered by Ruth Patrick (1907-2013) and is now used to conserve forests and oceans. Welcome to our bookstore. There are four different kinds of books about helping our planet. Come and buy them at our great sale. If you take one book of each kind at the same time (four books in total), you can take the cheapest one for free. 25 5. What do the four books have in common? A. They are sold at the same price. B. They are for students of all ages. C. They are about helping the Earth. D. They are written by the same writer. 3比 【小题5】细节理解题。根据“Welcome to our bookstore. There are four different kinds of books about helping our planet.”以及四本书的内容介绍可知，这四本书的共同点是它们都是关于保护地球的。故选C。 26 易错点警示与总结 三大易错点规避 易错点1：信息混淆 注意“相似信息”（如两个时间、两个地点），圈出题干关键词精准区分。 易错点2：忽略细节 数字（价格、年龄）、介词（如“from...to...”“on/in”）不能遗漏。 易错点3：主观臆断 严格依据原文，不添加个人常识（如广告说“cheap”，不能选“best quality”，原文未提及）。 核心口诀总结 先看问题找关键，再扫原文定模块； 精准匹配对原文，排除干扰不臆断。 5W1H记心间，应用文拿分很简单！ 27 真题模拟——即学即练 陕西·中考真题 Dear Xiaoyun, I was so happy to read your letter. I like having a pen pal in China because I can learn so many new things. Thank you for sending me your family photo of five. Can you tell me more about your life? What things do you like to do together? I like to cook with my family. We often cook many foods and I’m getting more and more interested in basic cooking. One time we cooked Chinese food. It tasted delicious. I’m adding something special to my letter. On the back of it, I wrote the instructions for cooking my favourite meal, pasta with a meat sauce (肉酱). I hope you’ll be interested and won’t find it too difficult to learn to cook it. _________! Sincerely, Annie PS (随言): Together with this letter, you can see a recent photo of my parents and my baby brother. 28 1. How do Annie and Xiaoyun communicate with each other? A. By sending emails. B. By writing letters. C. By making telephone calls. D. By using WeChat. 2. Which photo did Annie get from Xiaoyun? A. B. C. D. 29 3. What does Annie wish Xiaoyun to do according to the text? A. To make more pen pals in foreign countries. B. To come to visit her family next. C. To teach her how to cook Chinese food. D. To learn to cook pasta with a meat sauce. 4. Which of the following can be put in“________”? A. Time really flies B. Have a nice trip C. I can’t wait to hear from you D. Chinese food is so delicious 30 $