Unit 9 Forces of Nature 阅读理解10篇（单元话题：自然灾害）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（仁爱科普版）

Unit 9 Forces of Nature 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 自然灾害 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Early Warning: Staying Safe Before Natural Disasters ①Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis can happen suddenly. But today, we can often receive warnings before they arrive. These warnings help us get ready and stay safe. ②An early warning (警告) system is a way scientists tell people that a natural disaster may come. They use special tools to watch nature. They also use machines to feel small shakes in the ground. If something dangerous is found, the system sends out alerts. ③These alerts reach people through different ways. Many people get them on their mobile phones as text messages or loud alarms (警报). They are also shown on TV and radio. In some places, you can hear sirens (警报器) outdoors. The message will tell you what kind of disaster is coming, how strong it might be, and what to do. For example, it may say, “A strong typhoon is coming in three hours. Please stay indoors and close windows.” ④Getting a warning early gives people time to act. Families can get ready for emergency bags with water, food, and a flashlight (手电筒). They can move to safer places like higher ground in a flood. These steps can save many lives. ⑤Remember, when you receive an early warning, listen carefully and act quickly. Being prepared is our best way to stay safe. 1．What is the purpose of an early warning system? A．To stop natural disasters. B．To tell people to get ready and stay safe. C．To make mobile phones ring. D．To study the weather for fun. 2．The word “alerts” in Paragraph ② most likely means ________. A．pictures B．warnings C．games D．songs 3．People can receive disaster alerts by ________. A．reading newspapers B．looking at the sky C．visiting a scientist D．watching TV 4．What should you do after getting an early warning? A．Go outside to watch. B．Call the police for help. C．Listen and act quickly. D．Wait for another message. Natural disasters happen all the time throughout history. Here are three of the most serious examples below. Earthquake The north sea, Japan Wildfire Alberta, Canada Flood Colombo, Sri Lanka ●Began on 11 March 2011 ●Magnitude (震级) 9.0 ● At least 18,000 killed ● Rescue workers from society arrived quickly ●Began on 1 May 2016 ●2,400 homes burned to the ground ● No deaths, almost 88,000 people moved away ●Hundreds of firemen arrived ●Planes used to fight the fire Began on 18 May 2016 82 killed, 500,000 affected ● Rescue teams provided (提供) food and drink ●Shelters (庇护所) set up by the government It’s necessary for society and government to offer rescue and help in time when disasters happen. And we also need to get prepared for emergency, for example, food and drink for three days at least, ▲ to get the latest news, medicine for injuries (损伤) and so on. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．Where did the earthquake happen? A．In Japan. B．In Canada. C．In Sri Lanka. 2．How many people had to move away in Alberta? A．18,000. B．88,000. C．500,000. 3．In which disaster did people use planes to fight? A．The earthquake. B．The wildfire. C．The flood. 4．Which can be put in ▲ ? A． B． C． 5．What can we know from the three disasters? A．The disasters all happened in the same year. B．Many people lost their lives in each disaster. C．All the disaster areas got rescue and help. Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters. Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving people time to prepare. However, flash floods can be very sudden and dangerous, quickly turning a dry river into rushing rapids (急流). Cities are more likely to have flash floods because they have fewer lakes to collect too much rainwater. Also, roads and sidewalks are not able to absorb (吸收) water. Flash flooding is also common near mountainous and low-lying areas. Climate change is raising the risk of floods. For example, higher temperatures can cause hurricanes (飓风) to move more slowly and drop more rain. A 2025 study found that by the year 2100, 300 million more people will be at risk of serious flooding, with 21.1 percent of that growth as a result of climate change. Floods cause more than $40 billion in losses (损失) worldwide every year, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The US loses close to $8 billion every year, and a 2022 study showed the number could increase to $41 billion by 2050. But don’t worry too much. Before flood events, the government will usually give a flood watch or flood warning. A flood watch reminds people to be careful and prepare for possible flooding. A flash flood warning means flooding is already underway, people must move to higher ground as soon as possible. 1．Why are cities more likely to have flash floods? A．Because they receive more rainfall. B．Because they usually lie in low-lying areas. C．Because they have more people and buildings. D．Because they have fewer areas to collect and absorb rainwater. 2．From the 2025 study, we can know that ________. A．300 million people are now at risk of flooding every year B．climate change will cause more serious floods in the future C．hurricanes will move faster because of higher temperatures D．flash floods will only happen in mountainous areas after 2100 3．What does the underlined word “increase” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Rise. B．Drop. C．Double. D．Stay. 4．If you receive a flash flood warning, what should you do? A．Wait for the government’s next notice. B．Move to a higher place as soon as possible. C．Be careful and get ready for possible flooding. D．Stay indoors and close all windows. Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters. Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving people time to prepare. However, flash floods can be very sudden and dangerous, quickly turning a dry river into rushing rapids (急流). Cities are more likely to have flash floods because they have fewer lakes to collect too much rainwater. Also, roads and sidewalks are not able to absorb (吸收) water. Flash flooding is also common near mountainous and low-lying areas. Climate change is raising the risk of floods. For example, higher temperatures can cause hurricanes (飓风) to move more slowly and drop more rain. A 2025 study found that by the year 2100, 300 million more people will be at risk of serious flooding, with 21.1 percent of that growth as the result of climate change. Floods cause more than $40 billion of loss (损失) worldwide every year, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The US loses close to $8 billion every year, and a 2022 study showed the number could increase to $41 billion by 2050. But don’t worry too much. Before flood events, the government will usually give a flood watch or a flood warning. A flood watch reminds people to be careful and prepare for possible flooding. A flash flood warning means flooding is already underway, and people must move to higher ground as soon as possible. 1．Why are cities more likely to have flash floods? A．Because they receive more rainfall. B．Because they usually lie in low-lying areas. C．Because they have more people and buildings. D．Because they have fewer areas to collect and absorb rainwater. 2．From the 2025 study, we can know that __________. A．300 million people are now at risk of flooding every year B．climate change will cause more serious floods in the future C．hurricanes will move faster because of higher temperatures D．flash floods will only happen in mountainous areas after 2100 3．What does the underlined word “increase” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Rise. B．Drop. C．Double. D．Stay. 4．If you receive a flash flood warning, what should you do? A．Wait for the government’s next notice. B．Move to a higher place as soon as possible. C．Be careful and get ready for possible flooding. D．Stay indoors and close all the windows. A flood disasterPlace: Changsheng Village Date: June 4th Weather: Sunny    Cloudy    Windy    Rainy 8: 00 am    11: 00 am    1: 00 pm    3: 00 pm—12: 00 am The flood: ●The flood first happened in the south of the village, and soon it covered the whole village. ●About 50 houses fell down and about 200 people lost their homes. ●10 people died in the flood and about 15 people were missing. When the flood came: ●Mr. Smith was reading newspapers on the sofa. ● Mrs. Smith was washing clothes in the bathroom. ●Annie Smith was playing the piano while Eric Smith was doing homework. Action: ●Policemen arrived there on the second day by plane. ●People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Changsheng Village. 1．When did the heavy rain start on June 4th? A．At 8: 00 am. B．At 11: 00 am. C．At 3: 00 pm. D．At 12: 00 am. 2．How many people died in the flood? A．10. B．15. C．50. D．200. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．The flood first happened in the north of the village. B．Mr. Smith has only one child. C．The police arrived on June 4th. D．Many people from other places offered help. ①In early January 2025, a huge fire broke out in Los Angeles, California. The strong Santa Ana wind made the fire spread very quickly. The fire hurt not only people’s houses but also the environment around them. ②A lot of forests and grasslands were burned. Many trees turned black, and the green grass was gone. All those plants were important for animals. Without them, animals lost their homes and food. Squirrels (松鼠) that lived in tree holes had to run away. Deer that eat the grass had nothing to eat. Some small animals like mice and rabbits died in the fire. ③The soil also got into big trouble. Plants usually help keep the soil in place. But after the fire, there were no plants. When it rained, the rain washed the soil away. In some hilly places, mudslides (泥石流) occurred. They broke roads and even destroyed some houses. ④The air became dirty too. The fire sent a lot of smoke and bad things into the air. People in the areas near the fire had to wear masks. If someone had trouble breathing, they were in even more danger. ⑤All in all, the 2025 Los Angeles wildfire was a big blow to nature. It will take a very long time for everything to get back to normal. People need to think about how to prevent this kind of fire in the future. 1．What made the wildfire in Los Angeles spread quickly in 2025? A．Rain. B．Wind. C．Earthquakes. D．Snowstorms. 2．What does the underlined word “occurred” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Shared. B．Happened. C．Accepted. D．Changed. 3．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Wildfire in Los Angeles. B．The Firefighters in Los Angeles. C．How to Prevent Wildfire in the Future. D．The Changes of Los Angeles. In September 2024, Typhoon Yagi, a strong super typhoon, hit a small seaside town in Wenchang, Hainan Province at around 16:20 on the 6th. When Typhoon Yagi arrived, dark clouds covered the sky quickly. At first, the wind blew softly, but soon it turned into a very loud roar with the strongest gusts over 17 levels. Big trees were pulled out of the ground, house roofs were blown off, and roads were blocked by fallen branches and rubbish. People in the town were scared; some moved to safe places with their families, some closed all windows tightly and stayed in strong rooms, and others worried about their damaged homes and farms. After the typhoon passed, the town was in a mess. Many houses were broken, local fields growing rice and vegetables were flooded, and some public transport like buses and trains was stopped for a while. Luckily, most people had been moved to safe places in advance. Local volunteers arrived soon to clear the blocked roads and take away rubbish. The government sent food, drinking water and tents to the affected families. In the following weeks, the townspeople worked together to repair their houses, start again their farm work and clean up the streets. By early October, the town was full of life again. 1．What kind of typhoon was Yagi? A．Weak storm. B．Small rainstorm. C．Strong super typhoon. 2．Where did Typhoon Yagi hit Hainan? A．Wenchang’s small seaside town. B．Sanya’s village. C．Haikou’s big city. 3．Which is the correct meaning for the underlined word “flooded”? A．干旱. B．淹没. C．丰收. 4．Why were there not many people hurt? A．Typhoon not strong. B．No one in the town. C．Moved to safe places early. 5．How did people help the town recover? A．Left forever. B．Fixed houses and cleaned streets. C．Waited for government help. UNDERSTANDING TYPHOONSSuper typhoon (台风) Bebinca hit Shanghai on Sept. 16, 2024. It is the strongest typhoon to hit Shanghai in 75 years. How typhoons come into being (形成) : Typhoons start out as big thunderstorms (雷暴) over the ocean. Strong winds lift up moisture (水汽). The moisture turns into heat. This heat makes more air move toward the middle of the storm. As more heat and air come together in the middle of the storm, a typhoon is “born”. What to do after a typhoon:◎Keep dry and warm. ◎Drink bottled water. ◎Do not get close to floodwaters. ◎Wear enclosed shoes. Where typhoon names come from:Typhoon names come from the WMO (世界气象组织). Usually, scientists can use a name many times. But they will stop using a name if the typhoon causes great damage (破坏). 1．Before a typhoon comes into being, which of the following happens first? A．Big thunderstorms take place. B．Moisture turns into heat. C．More air gets into the middle. D．Winds lift up moisture. 2．What’s the correct order of how a typhoon comes into being? ①Moisture turns into heat. ②Strong winds lift up moisture. ③Big thunderstorms appear over the ocean. ④More heat and air come together in the middle of the storm. A．③→②→①→④ B．②→③→①→④ C．③→①→②→④ D．②→①→③→④ 3．What can we learn from this reading material? A．Bebinca is the strongest typhoon in China. B．Every typhoon name can be used only once. C．Typhoon eyes are in the middle of the storms. D．People shouldn’t drink bottled water after a typhoon. 4．This reading material may come from ________. A．a travel guide B．a storybook C．a weather report D．a geography magazine 重难语篇练习 Most of us know about fires, earthquakes, droughts and floods. But from time to time, Mother Nature surprises us, and brings a terrible weather event. Here are some examples of unusual weather. Strange rain: One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia looked out of their windows and saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs . Without any warning, they found the streets full of small animals jumping about. “There were thousands of them,” someone said. “I thought maybe a plane carrying frogs exploded (爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town. Fire tornadoes: Tornadoes don’t seem to be dangerous enough, but some of them can be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to become hot and to rise. Cooler air rushes in to replace hot air. This causes strong winds. These winds suck away (吸走) burning plants and even the fire itself. When this happens, a fire tornado is produced. This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high. Great balls of ice: In 1942, many skeletons (骨骼) were found under the ice of Roopkund Lake. Many had holes in their skulls (头盖骨). But they weren’t hurt in any other way. Scientists thought the people must have been hit from above. But for years, they haven’t found out the cause of their deaths. Today, scientists think these people were killed by giant hailstones — balls of ice. The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground. Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones. 1．Which one is true about the frogs raining down in Serbia according to scientists? A．They fell out of a plane that exploded. B．They grew in the clouds and then fell down to the ground. C．A heavy rain brought the frogs from a town far away. D．A tornado took them from a lake and dropped them over the town. 2．We can put the sentence “This makes it very dangerous.” at the end of ________. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．What happened when little pieces of ice moved around in the wind? A．They became bigger. B．They became higher. C．They fell to the ground as snow. D．They became raindrops. 4．What can we know according to the passage? A．People’s activities have caused these three weather events. B．People in Serbia knew there might be strange rain. C．High temperatures cause hotter air to replace cool air. D．People at Roopkund Lake might be killed by great balls of ice from the sky. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Unusual weatherB．Mother Nature C．Humans vs Nature D．Unusual tornadoes Climate change is the biggest threat (威胁) to our planet. As temperatures increase, the ice caps and glaciers (冰川) around the world are starting to melt (融化). This means that sea levels will rise. We are already seeing the results of climate change with an increase in extreme weather events such as hurricanes (飓风) and wildfires and serious shortages of water. People all over the world are living in difficult conditions. But difficult conditions often inspire (激发) creative solutions. Every year the Philippines are hit by typhoons. These violent storms often kill hundreds of people and cause a lot of damage (破坏) to the islands. One company has built a special kind of house that can stand up to strong winds. The houses built in a dome (穹顶) shape and the curved surfaces are much better at surviving in storms than traditional flat roofs and walls. They are also better at surviving earthquakes. Wildfires often cause a lot of damage in many places around the world. In 2015, bush fires burned down plants in South Australia. This made the land difficult to farm as strong winds blew the soil away. A farmer called Brian Fischer had a great idea. He ploughed (耕) the fields in spirals (螺旋形) . This means that it doesn’t matter which way the wind blows because it can never blow away the soil. A lack of water is also a serious problem. In the Himalayan Desert, water is difficult to find in spring. But the Ice Stupa project has thought of a clever solution. In winter, water is taken from the mountains through a pipe (管道) to the desert. The water comes out like a fountain (喷泉) and freezes into big towers of ice because it’s so cold. In spring, the ice melts and gives farmers the water they need for their land. 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly focus on? A．What solution people came up with. B．What the topic of the passage is. C．How people change the climate. D．How much energy has been put into. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refers to? A．houses that are designed to stand up to winds. B．violent storms that kill hundreds of people. C．the companies that built houses in a round shape. D．the Philippines that are hit by typhoons. 3．Which of the following extreme weather are mentioned in the passage? ① typhoon    ② heavy rain    ③ hurricanes    ④ wildfires    ⑤ thunder A．①③④ B．①③⑤ C．②③④ D．②④⑤ 4．What is NOT needed to deal with the lack of water? A．The ice melt in spring to provide the water. B．The frozen ice towers can store water. C．A pipe takes water from higher up in the mountain. D．A fountain is built to carry the falling water. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To remind people to save water. B．To find results of serious problems. C．To make people come up with smart ideas. D．To explain causes of difficult conditions. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Forces of Nature 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 自然灾害 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Early Warning: Staying Safe Before Natural Disasters ①Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis can happen suddenly. But today, we can often receive warnings before they arrive. These warnings help us get ready and stay safe. ②An early warning (警告) system is a way scientists tell people that a natural disaster may come. They use special tools to watch nature. They also use machines to feel small shakes in the ground. If something dangerous is found, the system sends out alerts. ③These alerts reach people through different ways. Many people get them on their mobile phones as text messages or loud alarms (警报). They are also shown on TV and radio. In some places, you can hear sirens (警报器) outdoors. The message will tell you what kind of disaster is coming, how strong it might be, and what to do. For example, it may say, “A strong typhoon is coming in three hours. Please stay indoors and close windows.” ④Getting a warning early gives people time to act. Families can get ready for emergency bags with water, food, and a flashlight (手电筒). They can move to safer places like higher ground in a flood. These steps can save many lives. ⑤Remember, when you receive an early warning, listen carefully and act quickly. Being prepared is our best way to stay safe. 1．What is the purpose of an early warning system? A．To stop natural disasters. B．To tell people to get ready and stay safe. C．To make mobile phones ring. D．To study the weather for fun. 2．The word “alerts” in Paragraph ② most likely means ________. A．pictures B．warnings C．games D．songs 3．People can receive disaster alerts by ________. A．reading newspapers B．looking at the sky C．visiting a scientist D．watching TV 4．What should you do after getting an early warning? A．Go outside to watch. B．Call the police for help. C．Listen and act quickly. D．Wait for another message. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了自然灾害预警系统的相关信息，包括其目的、工作方式、信息传达途径以及人们收到预警后应采取的行动等，旨在帮助人们在自然灾害来临前做好准备，保障安全。 1．第二段明确指出“An early warning (警告) system is a way scientists tell people that a natural disaster may come. These warnings help us get ready and stay safe.”，这直接说明了预警系统的目的是告诉人们做好准备并保障安全。 2．第二段提到“If something dangerous is found, the system sends out alerts.”，结合前文说预警系统是告知人们自然灾害可能来临的方式，当发现危险情况时系统发出的应该是“警告”，所以“alerts”最可能的意思是“warnings”。 3．第三段提到“These alerts reach people through different ways. Many people get them on their mobile phones as text messages or loud alarms (警报). They are also shown on TV and radio. In some places, you can hear sirens (警报器) outdoors.”，其中明确提到人们可以通过电视接收灾害预警，而选项A读报纸、选项B看天空、选项C拜访科学家均未提及。 4．最后一段提到“Remember, when you receive an early warning, listen carefully and act quickly. Being prepared is our best way to stay safe.”，这直接说明了收到预警后应该仔细听并迅速行动。 Natural disasters happen all the time throughout history. Here are three of the most serious examples below. Earthquake The north sea, Japan Wildfire Alberta, Canada Flood Colombo, Sri Lanka ●Began on 11 March 2011 ●Magnitude (震级) 9.0 ● At least 18,000 killed ● Rescue workers from society arrived quickly ●Began on 1 May 2016 ●2,400 homes burned to the ground ● No deaths, almost 88,000 people moved away ●Hundreds of firemen arrived ●Planes used to fight the fire Began on 18 May 2016 82 killed, 500,000 affected ● Rescue teams provided (提供) food and drink ●Shelters (庇护所) set up by the government It’s necessary for society and government to offer rescue and help in time when disasters happen. And we also need to get prepared for emergency, for example, food and drink for three days at least, ▲ to get the latest news, medicine for injuries (损伤) and so on. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．Where did the earthquake happen? A．In Japan. B．In Canada. C．In Sri Lanka. 2．How many people had to move away in Alberta? A．18,000. B．88,000. C．500,000. 3．In which disaster did people use planes to fight? A．The earthquake. B．The wildfire. C．The flood. 4．Which can be put in ▲ ? A． B． C． 5．What can we know from the three disasters? A．The disasters all happened in the same year. B．Many people lost their lives in each disaster. C．All the disaster areas got rescue and help. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了日本地震、加拿大野火和斯里兰卡洪水三起严重自然灾害，并给出应急准备建议。 1．表格指出：“Earthquake The north sea, Japan”，直接说明地震发生在日本。 2．表格说明：“Wildfire No deaths, almost 88,000 people moved away”，表明阿尔伯塔省有近88000人被迫撤离。 3．表格描述：“Wildfire Planes used to fight the fire”，说明在野火灾害中人们使用飞机灭火。 4．最后一段提到：“to get the latest news”，收音机（radio）是获取最新新闻的工具。 5．全文提到：地震有救援人员快速抵达，野火有消防员和飞机救援，洪水有救援队提供物资、政府搭建庇护所，说明所有灾区都获得了救援和帮助。 Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters. Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving people time to prepare. However, flash floods can be very sudden and dangerous, quickly turning a dry river into rushing rapids (急流). Cities are more likely to have flash floods because they have fewer lakes to collect too much rainwater. Also, roads and sidewalks are not able to absorb (吸收) water. Flash flooding is also common near mountainous and low-lying areas. Climate change is raising the risk of floods. For example, higher temperatures can cause hurricanes (飓风) to move more slowly and drop more rain. A 2025 study found that by the year 2100, 300 million more people will be at risk of serious flooding, with 21.1 percent of that growth as a result of climate change. Floods cause more than $40 billion in losses (损失) worldwide every year, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The US loses close to $8 billion every year, and a 2022 study showed the number could increase to $41 billion by 2050. But don’t worry too much. Before flood events, the government will usually give a flood watch or flood warning. A flood watch reminds people to be careful and prepare for possible flooding. A flash flood warning means flooding is already underway, people must move to higher ground as soon as possible. 1．Why are cities more likely to have flash floods? A．Because they receive more rainfall. B．Because they usually lie in low-lying areas. C．Because they have more people and buildings. D．Because they have fewer areas to collect and absorb rainwater. 2．From the 2025 study, we can know that ________. A．300 million people are now at risk of flooding every year B．climate change will cause more serious floods in the future C．hurricanes will move faster because of higher temperatures D．flash floods will only happen in mountainous areas after 2100 3．What does the underlined word “increase” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Rise. B．Drop. C．Double. D．Stay. 4．If you receive a flash flood warning, what should you do? A．Wait for the government’s next notice. B．Move to a higher place as soon as possible. C．Be careful and get ready for possible flooding. D．Stay indoors and close all windows. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了洪水（尤其是山洪暴发）的成因、气候变化对洪水风险的影响、洪水造成的经济损失，以及政府发布的洪水预警和应对措施。 1．根据第二段“...because they have fewer lakes to collect too much rainwater. Also, roads and sidewalks are not able to absorb water.”可知，城市更容易发生山洪是因为收集雨水的湖泊更少，且道路和人行道无法吸收雨水。 2．根据第三段“Climate change is raising the risk of floods...A 2025 study found that...as a result of climate change.”可知，气候变化会加剧洪水风险，未来会有更多人面临洪水威胁。 3．根据第四段“The US loses close to $8 billion every year, and a 2022 study showed the number could increase to $41 billion by 2050.”可知，美国每年洪水损失约80亿美元，到2050年可能达到410亿美元，数字在上升，因此“increase”意为“上升、增长”。 4．根据第五段“A flash flood warning means flooding is already underway, people must move to higher ground as soon as possible.”可知，收到山洪预警后，人们必须尽快转移到高处。 Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters. Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving people time to prepare. However, flash floods can be very sudden and dangerous, quickly turning a dry river into rushing rapids (急流). Cities are more likely to have flash floods because they have fewer lakes to collect too much rainwater. Also, roads and sidewalks are not able to absorb (吸收) water. Flash flooding is also common near mountainous and low-lying areas. Climate change is raising the risk of floods. For example, higher temperatures can cause hurricanes (飓风) to move more slowly and drop more rain. A 2025 study found that by the year 2100, 300 million more people will be at risk of serious flooding, with 21.1 percent of that growth as the result of climate change. Floods cause more than $40 billion of loss (损失) worldwide every year, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The US loses close to $8 billion every year, and a 2022 study showed the number could increase to $41 billion by 2050. But don’t worry too much. Before flood events, the government will usually give a flood watch or a flood warning. A flood watch reminds people to be careful and prepare for possible flooding. A flash flood warning means flooding is already underway, and people must move to higher ground as soon as possible. 1．Why are cities more likely to have flash floods? A．Because they receive more rainfall. B．Because they usually lie in low-lying areas. C．Because they have more people and buildings. D．Because they have fewer areas to collect and absorb rainwater. 2．From the 2025 study, we can know that __________. A．300 million people are now at risk of flooding every year B．climate change will cause more serious floods in the future C．hurricanes will move faster because of higher temperatures D．flash floods will only happen in mountainous areas after 2100 3．What does the underlined word “increase” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Rise. B．Drop. C．Double. D．Stay. 4．If you receive a flash flood warning, what should you do? A．Wait for the government’s next notice. B．Move to a higher place as soon as possible. C．Be careful and get ready for possible flooding. D．Stay indoors and close all the windows. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了洪水尤其是山洪暴发（flash floods）的相关信息，包括城市易发生山洪暴发的原因、气候变化对洪水风险的影响、洪水造成的损失以及政府在洪水来临前发布的预警和应对措施。 1．第二段“Cities are more likely to have flash floods because they have fewer lakes to collect too much rainwater. Also, roads and sidewalks are not able to absorb (吸收) water.”，这直接说明城市易发生山洪暴发是因为它们收集和吸收雨水的区域较少。 2．第三段“A 2025 study found that by the year 2100, 300 million more people will be at risk of serious flooding, with 21.1 percent of that growth as the result of climate change.”，因此可以知道气候变化将在未来导致更严重的洪水。 3．第四段“The US loses close to $8 billion every year, and a 2022 study showed the number could increase to $41 billion by 2050.”，美国每年损失近80亿美元，到2050年这个数字可能会增加到410亿美元，所以“increase”意思是“上升，增加”，即“Rise”。 4．最后一段“A flash flood warning means flooding is already underway, and people must move to higher ground as soon as possible.”，山洪暴发警告意味着洪水已经发生，人们必须尽快转移到地势较高的地方。 A flood disasterPlace: Changsheng Village Date: June 4th Weather: Sunny    Cloudy    Windy    Rainy 8: 00 am    11: 00 am    1: 00 pm    3: 00 pm—12: 00 am The flood: ●The flood first happened in the south of the village, and soon it covered the whole village. ●About 50 houses fell down and about 200 people lost their homes. ●10 people died in the flood and about 15 people were missing. When the flood came: ●Mr. Smith was reading newspapers on the sofa. ● Mrs. Smith was washing clothes in the bathroom. ●Annie Smith was playing the piano while Eric Smith was doing homework. Action: ●Policemen arrived there on the second day by plane. ●People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Changsheng Village. 1．When did the heavy rain start on June 4th? A．At 8: 00 am. B．At 11: 00 am. C．At 3: 00 pm. D．At 12: 00 am. 2．How many people died in the flood? A．10. B．15. C．50. D．200. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．The flood first happened in the north of the village. B．Mr. Smith has only one child. C．The police arrived on June 4th. D．Many people from other places offered help. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了6月4日长生村发生的一场洪水灾害，包括洪水发生的时间、造成的损失、受灾时村民的活动以及救援行动等内容。 1．文中“Weather”部分“Rainy 3: 00 pm—12: 00 am”表明暴雨是在3: 00 pm开始的。所以大雨是在6月4日下午3点开始的。 2．文中“The flood”部分明确提到“10 people died in the flood and about 15 people were missing.”，这直接表明有10人在洪水中死亡。 3．A选项，文中提到“The flood first happened in the south of the village”，说明洪水先发生在村庄南部，不是北部，A选项错误；B选项，文中提到“Annie Smith was playing the piano while Eric Smith was doing homework.”，说明史密斯先生至少有两个孩子，B选项错误；C选项，文中提到“Policemen arrived there on the second day by plane.”，6月4日是洪水发生当天，第二天警察才到，不是6月4日到的，C选项错误；D选项，文中“Action”部分提到“People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Changsheng Village.”，这表明许多来自其他地方的人提供了帮助，D选项正确。 ①In early January 2025, a huge fire broke out in Los Angeles, California. The strong Santa Ana wind made the fire spread very quickly. The fire hurt not only people’s houses but also the environment around them. ②A lot of forests and grasslands were burned. Many trees turned black, and the green grass was gone. All those plants were important for animals. Without them, animals lost their homes and food. Squirrels (松鼠) that lived in tree holes had to run away. Deer that eat the grass had nothing to eat. Some small animals like mice and rabbits died in the fire. ③The soil also got into big trouble. Plants usually help keep the soil in place. But after the fire, there were no plants. When it rained, the rain washed the soil away. In some hilly places, mudslides (泥石流) occurred. They broke roads and even destroyed some houses. ④The air became dirty too. The fire sent a lot of smoke and bad things into the air. People in the areas near the fire had to wear masks. If someone had trouble breathing, they were in even more danger. ⑤All in all, the 2025 Los Angeles wildfire was a big blow to nature. It will take a very long time for everything to get back to normal. People need to think about how to prevent this kind of fire in the future. 1．What made the wildfire in Los Angeles spread quickly in 2025? A．Rain. B．Wind. C．Earthquakes. D．Snowstorms. 2．What does the underlined word “occurred” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Shared. B．Happened. C．Accepted. D．Changed. 3．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Wildfire in Los Angeles. B．The Firefighters in Los Angeles. C．How to Prevent Wildfire in the Future. D．The Changes of Los Angeles. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2025年1月洛杉矶发生的一场严重山火，分析了山火迅速蔓延的原因，以及它对动物、土壤、空气等自然环境造成的多方面影响，最后呼吁人们思考如何预防此类火灾。 1．细节理解题。根据“The strong Santa Ana wind made the fire spread very quickly.”可知，是强劲的圣安娜风导致山火迅速蔓延。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“In some hilly places, mudslides (泥石流) occurred. It broke roads and even destroyed some houses.”可知，泥石流发生后冲毁道路、毁坏房屋，occurred在此处意为“发生”。happened与之同义。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。本文结构清晰：第一段总述山火发生及原因；第二、三、四段分别从动物、土壤、空气三个方面具体阐述山火对自然的影响；第五段总结并呼吁预防。因此本文的结构为“总分总”。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍2025年洛杉矶大火及其带来的影响。故选A。 In September 2024, Typhoon Yagi, a strong super typhoon, hit a small seaside town in Wenchang, Hainan Province at around 16:20 on the 6th. When Typhoon Yagi arrived, dark clouds covered the sky quickly. At first, the wind blew softly, but soon it turned into a very loud roar with the strongest gusts over 17 levels. Big trees were pulled out of the ground, house roofs were blown off, and roads were blocked by fallen branches and rubbish. People in the town were scared; some moved to safe places with their families, some closed all windows tightly and stayed in strong rooms, and others worried about their damaged homes and farms. After the typhoon passed, the town was in a mess. Many houses were broken, local fields growing rice and vegetables were flooded, and some public transport like buses and trains was stopped for a while. Luckily, most people had been moved to safe places in advance. Local volunteers arrived soon to clear the blocked roads and take away rubbish. The government sent food, drinking water and tents to the affected families. In the following weeks, the townspeople worked together to repair their houses, start again their farm work and clean up the streets. By early October, the town was full of life again. 1．What kind of typhoon was Yagi? A．Weak storm. B．Small rainstorm. C．Strong super typhoon. 2．Where did Typhoon Yagi hit Hainan? A．Wenchang’s small seaside town. B．Sanya’s village. C．Haikou’s big city. 3．Which is the correct meaning for the underlined word “flooded”? A．干旱. B．淹没. C．丰收. 4．Why were there not many people hurt? A．Typhoon not strong. B．No one in the town. C．Moved to safe places early. 5．How did people help the town recover? A．Left forever. B．Fixed houses and cleaned streets. C．Waited for government help. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了2024年9月超强台风“摩羯”袭击海南文昌一个海滨小镇的经过、造成的破坏，以及灾后人们在志愿者和政府帮助下，齐心协力重建家园的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“In September 2024, Typhoon Yagi, a strong super typhoon, hit a small seaside town in Wenchang, Hainan Province at around 16:20 on the 6th.”可知，“摩羯”是一场超强台风。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“...hit a small seaside town in Wenchang, Hainan Province...”可知，台风袭击了文昌的一个海滨小镇。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文中“local fields growing rice and vegetables were flooded”可知，台风过后，种植水稻和蔬菜的田地被水淹没，“flooded”的意思是淹没。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“Luckily, most people had been moved to safe places in advance.”可知，大多数人提前转移到了安全地带，所以伤亡人数不多。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据文中“the townspeople worked together to repair their houses, start again their farm work and clean up the streets”可知，通过修缮房屋、重新开始农活并清理街道等方式帮助小镇恢复。故选B。 UNDERSTANDING TYPHOONSSuper typhoon (台风) Bebinca hit Shanghai on Sept. 16, 2024. It is the strongest typhoon to hit Shanghai in 75 years. How typhoons come into being (形成) : Typhoons start out as big thunderstorms (雷暴) over the ocean. Strong winds lift up moisture (水汽). The moisture turns into heat. This heat makes more air move toward the middle of the storm. As more heat and air come together in the middle of the storm, a typhoon is “born”. What to do after a typhoon:◎Keep dry and warm. ◎Drink bottled water. ◎Do not get close to floodwaters. ◎Wear enclosed shoes. Where typhoon names come from:Typhoon names come from the WMO (世界气象组织). Usually, scientists can use a name many times. But they will stop using a name if the typhoon causes great damage (破坏). 1．Before a typhoon comes into being, which of the following happens first? A．Big thunderstorms take place. B．Moisture turns into heat. C．More air gets into the middle. D．Winds lift up moisture. 2．What’s the correct order of how a typhoon comes into being? ①Moisture turns into heat. ②Strong winds lift up moisture. ③Big thunderstorms appear over the ocean. ④More heat and air come together in the middle of the storm. A．③→②→①→④ B．②→③→①→④ C．③→①→②→④ D．②→①→③→④ 3．What can we learn from this reading material? A．Bebinca is the strongest typhoon in China. B．Every typhoon name can be used only once. C．Typhoon eyes are in the middle of the storms. D．People shouldn’t drink bottled water after a typhoon. 4．This reading material may come from ________. A．a travel guide B．a storybook C．a weather report D．a geography magazine 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了超强台风“贝碧嘉”的影响，讲解了台风的形成过程、灾后注意事项，以及台风名字的来源规则。 1．细节理解题。根据“Typhoons start out as big thunderstorms (雷暴) over the ocean.”可知，台风形成前，巨大雷暴天气最先发生。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Typhoons start out as big thunderstorms (雷暴) over the ocean. Strong winds lift up moisture (水汽). The moisture turns into heat. This heat makes more air move toward the middle of the storm.”可知，海洋上出现大雷暴，对应③；强风抬升水汽，对应②；水汽转化为热量，对应①；更多热量和空气在风暴中心聚集，对应④，所以台风形成的正确顺序是③→②→①→④。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“more air move toward the middle of the storm.”可知，更多的空气会向风暴的中心移动。由此可推出台风眼应该在风暴中心。故选C。 4．推理判断题。地理杂志一般会刊登气象、自然现象相关的科普文章，和这篇讲解台风知识的内容匹配。故选D。 重难语篇练习 Most of us know about fires, earthquakes, droughts and floods. But from time to time, Mother Nature surprises us, and brings a terrible weather event. Here are some examples of unusual weather. Strange rain: One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia looked out of their windows and saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs . Without any warning, they found the streets full of small animals jumping about. “There were thousands of them,” someone said. “I thought maybe a plane carrying frogs exploded (爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town. Fire tornadoes: Tornadoes don’t seem to be dangerous enough, but some of them can be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to become hot and to rise. Cooler air rushes in to replace hot air. This causes strong winds. These winds suck away (吸走) burning plants and even the fire itself. When this happens, a fire tornado is produced. This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high. Great balls of ice: In 1942, many skeletons (骨骼) were found under the ice of Roopkund Lake. Many had holes in their skulls (头盖骨). But they weren’t hurt in any other way. Scientists thought the people must have been hit from above. But for years, they haven’t found out the cause of their deaths. Today, scientists think these people were killed by giant hailstones — balls of ice. The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground. Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones. 1．Which one is true about the frogs raining down in Serbia according to scientists? A．They fell out of a plane that exploded. B．They grew in the clouds and then fell down to the ground. C．A heavy rain brought the frogs from a town far away. D．A tornado took them from a lake and dropped them over the town. 2．We can put the sentence “This makes it very dangerous.” at the end of ________. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．What happened when little pieces of ice moved around in the wind? A．They became bigger. B．They became higher. C．They fell to the ground as snow. D．They became raindrops. 4．What can we know according to the passage? A．People’s activities have caused these three weather events. B．People in Serbia knew there might be strange rain. C．High temperatures cause hotter air to replace cool air. D．People at Roopkund Lake might be killed by great balls of ice from the sky. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Unusual weatherB．Mother Nature C．Humans vs Nature D．Unusual tornadoes 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些异常的天气现象。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town.”可知，科学家们认为龙卷风经过湖泊，把青蛙们带到了空中，然后它们掉落在塞尔维亚的一个偏远小镇。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high.”可知，这场龙卷风能有15米宽，122米高，由此可知，这样会很危险，因此这句话应该放在第三段末。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground.”可知，冰块变得越来越大，变成了冰雹，风吹不动它们，冰雹落会砸到地面。故选A。 4．.细节理解题。根据“Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones.”可知答案人们可能是被从天而降的冰雹砸死的。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一些异常的天气现象。A项“不寻常的天气”符合题意。故选A。 Climate change is the biggest threat (威胁) to our planet. As temperatures increase, the ice caps and glaciers (冰川) around the world are starting to melt (融化). This means that sea levels will rise. We are already seeing the results of climate change with an increase in extreme weather events such as hurricanes (飓风) and wildfires and serious shortages of water. People all over the world are living in difficult conditions. But difficult conditions often inspire (激发) creative solutions. Every year the Philippines are hit by typhoons. These violent storms often kill hundreds of people and cause a lot of damage (破坏) to the islands. One company has built a special kind of house that can stand up to strong winds. The houses built in a dome (穹顶) shape and the curved surfaces are much better at surviving in storms than traditional flat roofs and walls. They are also better at surviving earthquakes. Wildfires often cause a lot of damage in many places around the world. In 2015, bush fires burned down plants in South Australia. This made the land difficult to farm as strong winds blew the soil away. A farmer called Brian Fischer had a great idea. He ploughed (耕) the fields in spirals (螺旋形) . This means that it doesn’t matter which way the wind blows because it can never blow away the soil. A lack of water is also a serious problem. In the Himalayan Desert, water is difficult to find in spring. But the Ice Stupa project has thought of a clever solution. In winter, water is taken from the mountains through a pipe (管道) to the desert. The water comes out like a fountain (喷泉) and freezes into big towers of ice because it’s so cold. In spring, the ice melts and gives farmers the water they need for their land. 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly focus on? A．What solution people came up with. B．What the topic of the passage is. C．How people change the climate. D．How much energy has been put into. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refers to? A．houses that are designed to stand up to winds. B．violent storms that kill hundreds of people. C．the companies that built houses in a round shape. D．the Philippines that are hit by typhoons. 3．Which of the following extreme weather are mentioned in the passage? ① typhoon    ② heavy rain    ③ hurricanes    ④ wildfires    ⑤ thunder A．①③④ B．①③⑤ C．②③④ D．②④⑤ 4．What is NOT needed to deal with the lack of water? A．The ice melt in spring to provide the water. B．The frozen ice towers can store water. C．A pipe takes water from higher up in the mountain. D．A fountain is built to carry the falling water. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To remind people to save water. B．To find results of serious problems. C．To make people come up with smart ideas. D．To explain causes of difficult conditions. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了气候变化给地球带来的威胁，如海平面上升、极端天气增加等，以及人们针对不同灾害（台风、野火、缺水等）提出的创造性应对方案。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Climate change is the biggest threat (威胁) to our planet. As temperatures increase...People all over the world are living in difficult conditions. But difficult conditions often inspire (激发) creative solutions.”，可知第一段主要引出文章关于气候变化这一话题。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“One company has built a special kind of house that can stand up to strong winds. The houses built in a dome (穹顶) shape and the curved surfaces are much better at surviving in storms than traditional flat roofs and walls. They are also better at surviving earthquakes.”，可猜测“They”指代前面提到的能抵御强风的特殊房屋。故选A。   3．细节理解题。根据“We are already seeing the results of climate change with an increase in extreme weather events such as hurricanes (飓风) and wildfires”以及“Every year the Philippines are hit by typhoons.” ，可知文章提到了台风、飓风和野火。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“In winter, water is taken from the mountains through a pipe to the desert. The water comes out like a fountain (喷泉) and freezes into big towers of ice because it’s so cold. In spring, the ice melts and gives farmers the water they need for their land.”，可知文中未提及建造喷泉来输送落下的水。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容可知文章讲述了气候变化带来的问题以及人们提出的应对方案，所以作者的目的应是让人们想出巧妙办法应对困难状况。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $