Unit 5 Learning from Nature 词汇精讲 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit 5 Learning from Nature 词汇精讲 外研版 选择性必修第三册 1 lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 莲花，荷花 课文例句 Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade. lotus flower 是固定搭配；ArtScience Museum, Singapore 的设计灵感 lotus root（莲藕）/ lotus seed（莲子）/ lotus pond（荷塘） 2 termite /ˈtɜːmaɪt/ n. 白蚁 课文例句 termites were constructing their nests — Eastgate Centre 仿生白蚁巢穴通风结构 termite mound（白蚁丘）是仿生学核心概念 ⚠ 拼写：ter-mite，不是 termight colony of termites（白蚁群落）/ termite nest（白蚁巢穴） 3 mound /maʊnd/ n. 土堆；土丘 课文例句 The Eastgate Centre mimics the ventilation structure of termite mounds. mound of sth. 一堆……；burial mound（墓冢）；ant mound（蚁冢） termite mound 是本单元核心词组；mound 本义是自然或人工堆成的土丘 4 algae /ˈældʒiː/ n.（复数） 藻类（植物） 课文例句 The surface of the building is covered in panels that contain algae. 单数 alga /ˈælɡə/，复数 algae — 不规则！注意拼写和读音 algae-powered building（藻类驱动建筑）/ algae bloom（藻华）/ microalgae（微藻） 5 take … for granted ★ 重点词 短语 认为……理所当然；对……不珍视 课文例句 we may take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. 拓展搭配 ▸ take it for granted that + 从句 → 认为……是理所当然的（高频句型） ▸ Don't take your health / family / friends for granted. ▸ I took it for granted that he would come.（我想当然地认为他会来） 反义表达：cherish / appreciate / treasure — 珍视；写作对比句中配合使用 🎯 We should never take … for granted. / It is unwise to take … for granted. — 写作常用句型 6 pine cone /ˈpaɪn kəʊn/ n. 松果，松球 课文例句 When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. pine tree（松树）/ pine needle（松针）/ pine forest（松林） 课文类比：pine cone → roof tiles（松果外形→屋顶瓦片）— 仿生学思维导入 7 tile /taɪl/ n. 瓦片；瓷砖 课文例句 pine cone → tiles on a roof（课文仿生类比） roof tile（屋顶瓦片）/ floor tile（地砖）/ wall tile（墙砖） tile v. 铺瓦/瓷砖；tiled roof（瓦片屋顶）/ tiled floor（瓷砖地板） 8 architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ ★ 重点词 n. 建筑师 词族 n. architect 建筑师 Mick Pearce was the architect of the Eastgate Centre. n. architecture 建筑风格；建筑设计 nature-inspired architecture adj. architectural 建筑的 architectural design / architectural marvel adv. architecturally 在建筑上 architecturally significant building landscape architect（景观建筑师）/ naval architect（船舶设计师） 🎯 写作升级：architectural design（代替 building design）/ architect（代替 designer）— 更学术 9 mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ ★ 重点词 v. / n. 模仿；模仿者 课文例句 The Eastgate Centre mimics the ventilation structure of termite mounds. 词族：mimicry n. 模仿 | biomimicry n. 仿生学 三近义词辨析 imitate 较正式；以某物为模型；强调学习效仿 Children learn by imitating adults. mimic 精确复制外形/行为；仿生学首选用词 The Centre mimics termite mounds. copy 最通俗最广泛；不一定有创造性 copying form and shape（课文） 🎯 仿生学写作用 mimic / imitate 更学术；biomimicry 近年高频话题词，可直接用在作文里 10 waterfront /ˈwɔːtəfrʌnt/ n. 滨水地区；临水街道 课文例句 it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. waterfront area（滨水区）/ waterfront development（滨水开发） water + front → 水的正面/前沿；与 promenade 经常搭配出现，描述滨海建筑场景 11 promenade /ˌprɒməˈnɑːd/ n. 滨海步行道；公共散步场所 课文例句 it appears to float above the waterfront promenade. promenade v. 散步；seaside promenade（海滨步行道） concert promenade / promenade concert（音乐会散步场）— 注意这个文化含义 12 plumbing /ˈplʌmɪŋ/ n. 管道系统 课文例句 The water is then recycled through the building's plumbing system. plumber n. 水管工；plumbing work（管道工程）/ plumbing system（管道系统） 描述建筑节能系统时的专业词汇；课文中指 ArtScience Museum 的雨水回收管道 13 superb /sjuːˈpɜːb/ ★ 重点词 adj. 极好的，出色的 课文例句 Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. 三近义形容词辨析 superb 语气最强；质量/水平极高；书面口语均可 a superb performance / superb craftsmanship outstanding ① 杰出的（≈superb） ② 未解决的 ⚠ outstanding issues（未解决的问题） remarkable 值得注意、引人注目；常带惊叹语气 a remarkable achievement ⚠ outstanding 双义陷阱：① excellent ② unsettled/unpaid（未解决的/未付的）— 两义均有高考考查！ 🎯 近义选词常考：superb / outstanding / remarkable 辨析；写作中 outstanding 最常用，superb 最强烈 14 biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ ★ 重点词 n. 仿生学 词根拆解：bio-（生命）+ mimicry（模仿）→ 模仿自然/生命 = 仿生学 课文中的两种仿生类型 ① copying form and shape（模仿外形） 例：bullet trains imitate the beak of a bird → run faster and more quietly ② taking inspiration from abilities（模仿能力） 例：inspired by dolphins → send signals underwater → tsunami early-warning systems 🎯 biomimicry 近年高频话题词；动词用 mimic / imitate，名词用 biomimicry 更学术 15 dioxide /daɪˈɒksaɪd/ n. 二氧化物 课文例句 The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. carbon dioxide（CO₂ 二氧化碳）是最常见搭配；di-（二）+ oxide（氧化物） silicon dioxide（二氧化硅）/ sulfur dioxide（二氧化硫 SO₂）/ nitrogen dioxide（二氧化氮） 16 convert /kənˈvɜːt/ ★ 重点词 v. 使转变；使转换 课文例句 The panels capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. 词族 v. convert 使转变；转换；改变信仰 convert solar energy into electricity n. conversion 转变；改造；换算 the conversion of sunlight to energy adj. convertible 可转变的；（车）可开篷的 a convertible car / convertible currency 核心结构：convert A into/to B（把A转换成B） convert to（转变信仰/改宗）/ convert into（转换为……）— 两种介词含义有区别 🎯 convert 常考搭配：convert A into/to B；高考写作环保话题：convert waste into energy（将废物转化为能源） 17 frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə/ n. （学科的）知识前沿；边界 课文例句 tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this, right here at the frontier. at the frontier of（处于……的前沿）/ push back the frontiers（拓展知识边界） 科技/学术写作高频词：on the frontier of science（在科学前沿）/ frontier technology（前沿技术） 18 pond /pɒnd/ n. 池塘 课文例句 a pond and an island（留园描述） fish pond（鱼塘）/ lily pond（睡莲池）/ pond life（池塘生物） Walden Pond — 梭罗隐居地，书名《瓦尔登湖》中的核心意象 19 sow /səʊ/ v. 播（种） 课文例句 determine the best time to sow and harvest（24节气内容） sow—sowed—sown/sowed（两种过去分词均可）/ sow seeds（播种） 引申义：sow discord/doubt（播下不和/疑虑的种子）— 常考引申义；reap what you sow（自食其果） 20 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧 课文例句 wisdom learnt from nature（24节气是从自然中习得的智慧） 词族：wise adj. 明智的 | wisely adv. | wisdom tooth（智齿） conventional wisdom（传统智慧/惯常看法）/ words of wisdom（至理名言）/ wise man/woman（智者） 21 seek solutions to ★ 重点词 短语 寻求……的解决方法 课文例句 Biomimicry studies and imitates nature's designs to seek solutions to human problems. ⚠ seek 是不规则动词！seek — sought — sought（过去式/过去分词均为 sought） 常见搭配 ▸ seek help / advice / information（寻求帮助/建议/信息） ▸ seek to do sth.（设法做某事；试图……） ▸ seek approval / permission / opportunities（寻求批准/许可/机会） 🎯 写作升级：replace 'try to find solutions' → 'seek solutions to'；much-sought-after（备受追捧的） 22 take inspiration from ★ 重点词 短语 从……中获取灵感 课文例句 The Wright brothers got their inspiration from observing pigeons in flight. 近义表达（四种说法均可用于写作） ▸ take inspiration from 从……获取灵感（课文短语） ▸ draw inspiration from 从……汲取灵感（较正式） ▸ be inspired by 受……启发（最常用） 词族：inspire v. → inspiration n. → inspired adj.（受激励的）→ inspiring adj.（鼓舞人心的） 🎯 inspired/inspiring 辨析常考；写作仿生/科技话题：be inspired by nature → draw inspiration from nature 23 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ ★ 重点词 v. ① 雇用 ② 使用，运用 课文例句 which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.（义②：运用） 词族 n. employer 雇主 employer and employee n. employee 员工；被雇用者 full-time employee n. employment 雇用；就业 employment rate / seek employment n. unemployment 失业 unemployment benefit（失业救济） employ 较正式；书面语 use 最通用 apply 应用理论/知识 utilise 有效利用 24 bat /bæt/ n. 蝙蝠 课文例句 But how do bats avoid crashing into each other? The answer lies in their use of echo-location. bat v. 用球棒打；bat n. ① 蝙蝠 ② 球棒（cricket bat / baseball bat） as blind as a bat（像蝙蝠一样瞎 → 非常近视）/ have bats in the belfry（古怪） 25 echo-location /ˌekəʊləʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 回声定位 课文例句 Bats use echo-location to identify the position of objects. echo n. 回声 + location n. 位置定位 → 回声定位；仿蝙蝠 → radar（雷达）系统 echolocation（一个词也可）/ sonar（声纳）— 相关技术词汇 26 radar /ˈreɪdɑː/ n. 雷达 课文例句 Scientists are studying bats to improve radar systems. RADAR = Radio Detection And Ranging（首字母缩略词） radar screen（雷达屏幕）/ under the radar（不引人注意地）/ off the radar（脱离监控） 27 swimsuit /ˈswɪmsuːt/ n. 游泳衣 课文例句 By imitating the scales on a shark's skin, we have created swimsuits that allow swimmers to swim much faster. swim + suit → 游泳服；仿生学应用：鲨鱼皮纹理 → 竞技游泳泳衣 bathing suit / swimming costume（近义词）；swimwear（泳装总称） 28 dragonfly /ˈdræɡənflaɪ/ n. 蜻蜓 课文例句 By studying dragonflies in flight, people have realised there are better ways of flying. dragon（龙）+ fly（飞/虫）→ 蜻蜓；仿生应用：蜻蜓飞行方式 → 小型无人机设计 butterfly（蝴蝶）/ firefly（萤火虫）/ mayfly（蜉蝣）— 含 fly 的昆虫词 29 drone /drəʊn/ n. 无人驾驶飞机；雄蜂 课文例句 We are copying dragonflies with our designs for small drones. 一词多义：① 无人机 ② 雄蜂（bee colony） ③ 单调嗡嗡声（v. drone on 喋喋不休） drone delivery（无人机快递）/ military drone（军用无人机）/ drone footage（无人机拍摄画面） 30 spider /ˈspaɪdə/ n. 蜘蛛 课文例句 Spider silk is much stronger than the same weight of steel — could be used in bullet-proof clothing. spider silk（蜘蛛丝）— 仿生学应用：潜在防弹材料 spider web（蜘蛛网）/ spider plant（吊兰）/ spidery adj. 细长的；spider-man（蜘蛛侠） 31 physician /fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ ★ 重点词 n. 医生（内科医生） 课文例句 He was known as the best physician of his time, and was an expert in acupuncture. 医学职业词辨析 physician 内科医生；医生（正式/书面） family physician（家庭医生） surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒ(ə)n/ 外科医生 heart/brain surgeon（心脏/脑外科医生） doctor 医生（最通用） see a doctor / go to the doctor GP 全科医生 general practitioner（英式） register with a GP 32 superficially /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃ(ə)li/ adv. 表面（上）地；肤浅地 课文例句 Superficially, these two men were polar opposites. 词族：superficial adj. 表面的；肤浅的 | superficiality n. 近义：apparently / on the surface / at first glance 反义：deeply / fundamentally / profoundly 33 bow /baʊ/ v. 鞠躬；低头顺从 课文例句 he would not 'bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain'（Tao Yuanming） ⚠ 同形异音词：bow /baʊ/ v. 鞠躬 | bow /bəʊ/ n. 弓（箭）；蝴蝶结 bow down to（向……低头）/ take a bow（谢幕行礼）/ bow out（退出/辞职） 34 rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adj. 农村的，乡村的 课文例句 Tao spent 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. 近义：rustic / countryside（adj.） 反义：urban（城市的）/ metropolitan rural area（农村地区）/ rural life（乡村生活）/ rural economy（农村经济）/ rural exodus（城镇化） 35 decent /ˈdiːs(ə)nt/ adj. 可接受的；相当好的；体面的 课文例句 He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. 一词多义：① fairly good（相当好）② morally acceptable（体面的） a decent salary（不错的薪水）/ decent behaviour（体面行为）/ decent meal（像样的一餐） 36 cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/ n. 乡村小屋 课文例句 he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond cottage cheese（松软干酪）/ cottage industry（家庭手工业） 比 house 更小更乡村；thatched cottage（茅草屋）/ holiday cottage（度假小屋） 37 deliberately /dɪˈlɪb(ə)rɪtli/ ★ 重点词 adv. ① 故意地 ② 不慌不忙地，从容地 课文例句 I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life. (Thoreau) 两个含义 义① 故意地（= intentionally / on purpose） She deliberately avoided eye contact. 高考常考义 义② 从容地；不慌不忙地（= carefully and unhurriedly） Thoreau chose to live deliberately. 课文义 词族：deliberate adj. 故意的；从容的 | deliberation n. 慎重考虑 🎯 deliberately = intentionally（故意）— 近义选词常考；课文中义②（从容地），注意语境！ 38 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ ★ 重点词 v. 退出；撤退；撤回；取款 课文例句 Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature. ⚠ 不规则动词！withdraw — withdrew — withdrawn（两种变形均需掌握） 四个常见含义 义① 退出/撤出 withdraw from contemporary life / withdraw from a competition 义② 撤退（军事） troops were withdrawn from the region 义③ 取款 withdraw money / cash from the bank 义④ 撤回（声明） withdraw a statement / withdraw an offer 词族：withdrawal n. 退出；取款 | withdrawn adj. 孤僻的；内向的 39 domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ adj. 驯养的；家养的；国内的；家庭的 课文例句 Tao's animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. 一词多义：① domestic animals（家养动物）② domestic policy（国内政策）③ domestic violence（家庭暴力） domestic flight（国内航班）/ domestic affairs（内政）/ domestic chores（家务活） 40 depressive /dɪˈpresɪv/ adj. 抑郁的 课文例句 The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life. 词族：depress v. 使沮丧 → depressed adj. 沮丧的（人感到）→ depressing adj. 令人沮丧的（事物）→ depression n. 抑郁症 注意：depressed（人）vs depressing（事）— -ed/-ing 形容词辨析是高频考点！ 41 reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ ★ 重点词 adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 课文例句 The smoke above reluctant to depart.（炊烟好似恋恋不舍，迟迟不肯散去） 核心结构：be reluctant to do sth.（不愿意做某事） He was reluctant to leave his hometown. 他不愿离开故乡。 She gave a reluctant smile. 她勉强地笑了笑。 a reluctant admission of guilt 不情愿地认罪 近义：unwilling / hesitant | 反义：willing / eager / keen / ready to do 副词：reluctantly | 名词：reluctance 🎯 be reluctant to do = be unwilling to do — 近义选词常考；reluctantly adv. 完形中高频 42 depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ v. 离开 课文例句 The smoke above reluctant to depart.（陶渊明诗中拟人化的炊烟） 词族：departure n. 出发；离开 | depart from 从……离开；偏离 近义：leave（最通用）/ set off / set out 反义：arrive / return / come back 43 lane /leɪn/ n. （乡间的）小路；车道；泳道 课文例句 A dog is barking somewhere down the lane.（陶渊明诗中乡间意象） 多义：① country lane（乡间小路）② 车道（fast/slow lane）③ 泳道（swimming lane） memory lane（回忆往事，固定短语）/ life in the fast lane（快节奏生活） 44 atop /əˈtɒp/ prep. 在……顶上 课文例句 And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.（陶渊明诗） 较正式、文学化；口语通常用 on top of；诗歌/文学写作中的优雅用词 atop a hill（在山顶）/ perched atop（栖息于顶端）— 描写自然场景的文学用词 45 mulberry /ˈmʌlb(ə)ri/ n. 桑葚；桑树 课文例句 And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.（陶渊明诗中农村意象） mulberry tree（桑树）/ mulberry leaf（桑叶）/ mulberry silk（桑蚕丝） 蚕（silkworm）以桑叶为食 → 桑树是中国传统农耕文化的重要意象；mulberry fruit 可食用 46 purity /ˈpjʊərɪti/ ★ 重点词 n. 纯洁；洁净 课文例句 Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. 词族 adj. pure 纯的；洁净的；纯粹的 pure water / pure love / pure gold n. purity 纯洁；洁净 purity of nature / moral purity v. purify 净化；使纯净 purify water / purify the air adv. purely 纯粹地；完全地 purely for pleasure / purely by accident n. purification 净化；提纯 water purification system 🎯 purely = entirely（完全地）常考近义；pure chance（纯属偶然）/ pure gold（纯金）常考搭配 47 resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ ★ 重点词 v. ① 辞职 ② 甘心接受；顺从 课文例句 resign yourself to the influences of each season. (Thoreau) ⚠ resign FROM（辞职）≠ resign TO / oneself TO（甘心接受）— 介词不同，意思完全相反！ 两个用法 resign from + 职位 辞职；辞去 resign from the company / resign from her post as CEO resign oneself to + 名词 甘心接受；听天由命（课文义） resign yourself to the situation / resign oneself to fate 词族：resignation n. 辞职；听天由命 | resigned adj. 听天由命的 48 botanical /bəˈtænɪk(ə)l/ adj. 植物（学）的 课文例句 Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. (Thoreau) 词族：botany n. 植物学 | botanist n. 植物学家 | botanical garden（植物园）最常见搭配 botanical research（植物学研究）/ botanical illustration（植物学插图） 49 reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ ★ 重点词 v. / n. 拒绝接受；次品 课文例句 It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature. 四近义词辨析 reject 拒绝（某物/想法）接名词 reject an offer / reject the idea refuse 拒绝（做某事）接to do refuse to go / refuse an invitation decline 婉拒（较礼貌正式）接to do/名词 decline an invitation politely turn down 拒绝（口语化）接名词 turn down the job offer 50 ease /iːz/ n. / v. 舒适，悠闲；缓解 课文例句 their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature at ease（自在）/ ill at ease（不自在）/ with ease（轻松地）/ put sb. at ease（让某人放松） 动词：ease the pain/tension（缓解疼痛/紧张）/ ease into（逐渐适应）；dis-ease = disease（疾病） 51 at ease with ★ 重点词 短语 对……感到自在；不拘束，放松 课文例句 their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature 常见搭配 ▸ be at ease with oneself — 自在，泰然自若 ▸ feel at ease in a new environment — 在新环境中感到自如 ▸ put sb. at ease — 让某人放松（高频表达） ▸ ill at ease — 不自在，局促不安（反义）— 高考选项中常见！ 🎯 put sb. at ease 是高频交际用语；ill at ease = uncomfortable / uneasy — 选词辨析常考 52 attain /əˈteɪn/ ★ 重点词 v. 得到，获得；达到（目标） 课文例句 may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 词族 v. attain 达到；获得 attain a goal / attain success n. attainment 获得；达到；成就 educational attainment adj. attainable 可达到的 attainable goals / realistic and attainable 近义词辨析 attain 达到（高水平/目标）；较正式 achieve 实现（目标/成就）；最通用 obtain 获得（具体物品/资格） acquire 习得（技能/知识/习惯） 53 fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪlmənt/ ★ 重点词 n. 满足（感）；实现 课文例句 their ideas about living simply may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 词族 v. fulfil 实现；满足；履行 fulfil a dream / fulfil one's duty n. fulfilment 满足感；实现 a sense of fulfilment adj. fulfilled 感到满足的（人） feel fulfilled in one's career adj. fulfilling 令人满足的（事物） a fulfilling life / fulfilling work contentment 知足感；侧重知足常乐（人主动感到满足） satisfaction 满意；侧重于达到了期望或标准 fulfilment 实现感；侧重于潜力/梦想/目标的实现 54 evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ ★ 重点词 v. 评估；评价 课文例句 A comparative essay compares, contrasts and evaluates two or more topics. 词族 v. evaluate 评估；评价 evaluate a situation / evaluate performance n. evaluation 评估；评价 carry out an evaluation / performance evaluation adj. evaluative 评估性的 an evaluative essay / evaluative criteria 近义词：assess / appraise / estimate / judge evaluate 全面判断价值；assess 侧重打分评级；appraise 侧重估价/鉴定 — 三词有细微区别 🎯 comparative essay 结构三要素：compare（比较）/ contrast（对比）/ evaluate（评价）— 写作三步法 55 $