教材原文助读9-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教用课件(外研版)

Unit 5　Learning from nature 教材原文助读9 ①take...for granted 认为……理所当然 take it for granted that...想当然地认为…… ②pine cone松果，松球 ③closely resemble很像 closely adv.密切地，紧密地，接近地 ④inspire vt.赋予灵感，引起联想，启发思考 [第一部分　教材助读] ⑤forest-like adj.像森林一样的 [构词法] -like是形容词后缀，表示“类似……的，有……特征的”，用于名词后构成形容词。 ⑥architect['aːkItekt]n.建筑师 ⑦sit vi.[熟词生义] 处在，坐落在，被放在 ⑧shape vt.使成为……形状(或样子)；塑造 [第一部分　教材助读] ⑨channel [熟词生义]vt.(经过通道)输送，传送(水、光等) ⑩recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 ⑪superb [sjuː'pɜːb] adj.极好的，出色的 example n．[C]典型，范例，样品 a superb example of...一个……的极好的典范 ⑫construct vt.建筑，修建，建造 construction n．[U]建筑，建造，施工 under construction在建设中 [第一部分　教材助读] ⑬air conditioning 空气调节系统 air conditioner 空调机，空调设备 ⑭run vi.& vt.(使)运转，运行，操作 ⑮feed...with...给……供应/供给…… feed vt.[熟词生义] 供给，供应 ⑯carbon dioxide二氧化碳 ⑰convert...into/to...把……转变为…… convert v. 使转变；使转换 [第一部分　教材助读] ⑱power vt.驱动，推动 ⑲harvest vt.& vi.收割(庄稼)，捕猎(动物、鱼) n．[C，U]收获季节，收割，收获；[C]收成，收获量 ⑳respond to对……做出反应 [第一部分　教材助读] ㉑generate vt.产生，引起 generate electricity/heat/ power发电/产生热量/产生动力 generate income/profit产生收益/利润 ㉒meet the needs of...满足……的需求 ㉓challenge n．[C]挑战，艰巨任务 [第一部分　教材助读] [文化采风] Barcelona Barcelona is located in Spain.It has a rich cultural heritage and is an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Many great painters and artists, such as Picasso and Antonio Gaudí， worked here at some time and their influence is still evident throughout the city. [第一部分　教材助读] Sagrada Familia The distinctive and unfinished Sagrada Familia is a Roman Catholic church in Barcelona.It was designed by Catalan architect Antonio Gaudí and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Beijing's Water Cube It is an aquatics centre that was built for the swimming competitions of the 2008 Summer Olympics. The building is coated with an advanced membrane formed by bubbles of varying sizes, symbolising water. [第一部分　教材助读] Nature in Architecture Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. [1]In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted① without realising how much inspiration they have given us. When we look at a pine cone②， we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a [1]本句是主从复合句。句中“so...that...”引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”；在结果状语从句中how引导宾语从句，作realising的宾语。 [第一部分　教材助读] roof.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles③ an umbrella.[2]It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired④ the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. [2]本句是由but连接的并列句。第一个分句是“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语；第二个分句是强调句型的否定形式，强调the umbrella和the roof。 [第一部分　教材助读] Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona's forest-like⑤ Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects⑥ continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. [第一部分　教材助读] ArtScience Museum, Singapore People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits⑦．[3]Shaped⑧ to resemble a lotus [3]本句中“Shaped to resemble a lotus flower”为过去分词短语作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the water。 [第一部分　教材助读] flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels⑨ it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.The water is then recycled⑩ through the building's plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. [第一部分　教材助读] The Eastgate Centre, Harare Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb⑪ example of biomimicry.To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre [4]while [4]此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为while he was watching...nests；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a nature documentary。 [第一部分　教材助读] watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing⑫ their nests. [5]The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds.In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is [5]本句中covered in little holes和designed to...the mounds是两个过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰mounds和holes，构成过去分词的两个动词与被修饰词之间均为逻辑上的动宾关系。 [第一部分　教材助读] drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. [6]At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning⑬ and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run⑭． [6]本句的主干为“the heat warms the cool air”。absorbed by the wall during the day为过去分词短语作后置定语；creating a comfortable temperature inside为现在分词短语作结果状语。 [第一部分　教材助读] The Algae House, Hamburg The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with⑮ liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide⑯ to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into⑰ energy that powers⑱ the building. And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested⑲ and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to⑳ its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating㉑ its own renewable energy. [第一部分　教材助读] Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of㉒ today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge㉓， but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. [第一部分　教材助读] 建筑设计中的大自然 我们身边到处都是树、植物和花，我们每天都能欣赏它们的美。事实上，我们如此习惯于它们，以至于我们甚至可能认为它们的存在是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。当我们看到一颗松果时，我们可能会觉得它多像屋顶上的瓦片。一朵盛开的花可能会让我们觉得它很像一把伞。这样想很正常，但当然不是伞给了花的灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果的灵感。 [第一部分　教材助读] 大自然赋予我们周边很多最迷人的设计灵感，包括建筑设计。从巴塞罗那森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，大自然体现在各种建筑设计里。如今，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然界运作的方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。 [第一部分　教材助读] 艺术科学博物馆，新加坡 对探索艺术与科学之间的关系感兴趣的人会喜欢新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。设计这座建筑是为了展示自然和它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，似乎漂浮在海滨长廊和周围的水面上。它的屋顶收集雨水，把雨水下排35米到空间中央的一个瀑布处。然后水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。游客们常常会惊奇地发现，自己置身于一座能够如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中。 [第一部分　教材助读] 东门中心，哈拉雷 哈拉雷的东门中心是一个极好的仿生(建筑)典范。使用仿生就是根据自然的形态和过程来建造结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发，创建了这个中心。这些白蚁建造了覆盖着小孔的土堆，这些小孔是为了让空气自由进出土堆。与之类似，东门中心有被洞覆盖的“皮肤”。白天，温暖的空气通过这些孔被吸入建筑物中，到建筑物中间冷却。晚上，白天墙壁吸收的热量使凉爽的空气变暖，创造了舒适的室内温度。这种设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此这座建筑使用的能源更少，运行成本更低。 [第一部分　教材助读] 藻类建筑，汉堡 世界上第一座藻类发电建筑位于德国汉堡。这栋公寓楼的表面覆盖着含有藻类的嵌板。藻类依靠供应的液体营养和二氧化碳支撑生长。在明媚的阳光中，它们生长得更快，还能提供阴凉。这些嵌板还能从太阳中吸收热量，并将其转化为为建筑供电的能量。但这并不是全部——嵌板里的藻类可以被收割，用于生产燃料。因此，该建筑不仅对环境做出反应，减少能源消耗，还通过产生自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。 [第一部分　教材助读] 建造这样的建筑使我们进一步与环境和谐相处。满足当今的需求同时保护明天的世界也许是一个挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能教我们如何实现这一点。 [第一部分　教材助读] $