2026届高三英语各地模考或重点中学（联考）阅读专项训练十八（C篇）

2026届高三英语各地模考或重点中学（联考）阅读专项训练十八（C篇）及答案详解 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一. （25-26高三下·陕西西安·月考）The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the din (喧嚣), it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than digging about in the undergrowth looking for tracks. But such “bio-acoustic (生物声音的) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears. In a paper published on October 17th in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work. The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial-intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller. Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too. The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say. 1．What can we learn about Bioacoustic analysis? A．It makes animal calls attractive. B．It applies to many research fields. C．It measures biodiversity easily. D．It requires special skill and time. 2．What can be inferred from the process of taking recordings in the rainforests? A．Researchers trained AI models to imitate animal calls. B．Researchers used AI tools to conserve rainforests well. C．Agricultural activities led to a decrease in biodiversity. D．AI tools can identify bird species as well as the experts. 3．Why did Dr Müller and his colleagues do the survey in Paragraph 5? A．To figure out the species of quieter animals. B．To confirm the biodiversity of the quieter animals. C．To emphasize the biodiversity of the noisy animals. D．To compare the noisy animals and the quieter ones. 4．What’s the potential application of AI in forest restoration projects? A．Identifying the sponsors. B．Monitoring the effectiveness. C．Evaluating the biodiversity. D．Establishing ecology departments. 二. （25-26高三下·河北·开学考试）Sprinting has gained significant online attention, and scientific research confirms its powerful benefits. This form of exercise involves short, intense bursts of running, usually lasting from 15 seconds to a minute, followed by rest periods. It is an efficient way to improve fitness without requiring a daily commitment. However, as a high-impact activity, it may not be suitable for everyone, especially for those with physical limitations. For injury-free individuals, by contrast, it can be an excellent way to add variety to a workout routine. One major benefit of sprint training is improving cardiovascular (心血管的)health. It significantly boosts VO2 max, which measures the maximum oxygen one’s body can use during exercise and is a key indicator of fitness. A higher VO2 max can make other physical activities feel easier. Interestingly, studies suggest that women may experience even greater cardiovascular gains from sprint sessions than men. Additionally, sprinting helps reduce risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure. The advantages extend beyond the heart and lungs. Sprinting makes the quick-acting muscles work. Muscles are crucial for speed and power but are often underused in daily life. Preserving these muscles through sprinting can boost flexibility and improve bodily movement as one ages. Furthermore, unlike low-impact cardio like cycling, sprinting is highly effective for building bone strength in critical areas like the spine and hips (脊柱和髋部), helping to prevent osteoporosis. Emerging research also points to mental benefits. The intense blood flow generated during sprinting may help protect the brain from age-related decline, such as in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Perhaps the most appealing aspect is its efficiency. Significant improvements in cardiovascular and muscle health can be achieved with just two sprint sessions per week, making it an exceptionally time-effective exercise. In summary, sprinting offers a wide range of science-backed benefits for the heart, muscles, bones, and brain, all within a very time-efficient framework. 5．What is a main feature of sprinting? A．It needs long practice daily. B．It has short intense running. C．It suits people with injuries. D．It is a low-impact exercise. 6．What can we infer about VO2 max? A．It links to oxygen use. B．It decreases with exercise. C．It measures heart health. D．It is always higher in men. 7．What does the underlined word “osteoporosis” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A heart disease. B．A muscle problem. C．A bone issue. D．A brain disorder. 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Sprinting: Full-Body Benefits. B．Sprinting: Women’s Best Choice. C．Sprinting: Mental Health Helper. D．Sprinting: An Energy-Saving Exercise. 三. （2026·广西南宁·二模）Frog-eating bats trained by researchers to associate a phone ringtone with a tasty treat were able to remember what they learned for up to four years in the wild, new research has found. The study exposed 49 bats to a series of ringtones that attracted their attention, and trained them to associate flying toward just one of the tones with a reward: a baitfish (饵鱼) snack. In the first stage, individual frog-eating bats captured for a series of recognition tests were exposed to a highly captivating sound in the lab: the call of the male túngara frog, one of the bats’ preferred prey (猎物). Flying to that sound was rewarded with a piece of baitfish placed on the net above the speaker. Over time, the sound was mixed with and gradually replaced by a ringtone, but the reward was the same. Researchers then introduced three other ringtones, none of which was connected to a food reward. Bats were trained to tell the differences and eventually no longer flew toward the unrewarded sounds. Each bat secured at least 40 snacks by flying to the trained ringtone over 11 to 27 days. All bats were microchipped and returned to the wild. Beginning a year later and for three additional years, eight of those bats were recaptured and exposed again to the food-related ringtone. All of them flew toward the sound, and six flew all the way to the speaker and grabbed the food reward, meaning they expected to find food. Control bats without previous training on the sounds were unmoved by the exposure to the unfamiliar tones. “I was surprised. Four years strikes me as a long time to hold on to a sound that you might never hear again. The study taught us a lot. Trying to figure out how animals use learning and memory is one way to figure out how they’re going to make it in a life full of change in the modern world,” said lead author May Dixon. 9．What does the underlined word “captivating” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Attractive. B．Effective. C．Creative. D．Alternative. 10．Why did researchers introduce three other ringtones? A．To offer the bats a wide variety of sounds. B．To reward the bats for finding baitfish snacks. C．To train the bats to identify the rewarded sound. D．To test the bats’ lasting memory for the frog call. 11．Why were control bats used in the experiment? A．To attract wild bats. B．To make comparisons. C．To complete new training. D．To illustrate a concept. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Researchers Surprised by Frog-Eating Bats’ Eating Behavior B．Frog-Eating Bats Trained to Fly Toward a Ringtone C．Long-Term Memory Found in Frog-Eating Bats D．Trained Frog-Eating Bats Recaptured after Four Years 四. （2026高三下·云南）There was nearly a world without horses. At the end of the last ice age warming temperatures turned the grasslands where horses roamed into swamps (沼泽地) and forests. Humans hunted them heavily for meat. Wild horses did, in fact, go extinct in North America around 7,600-12,000 years ago. You could say that by stopping hunting and starting to domesticate them, humans saved horses. Humans were forever changed by their horse partnership. Able to gallop at more than 64 kph and to convey heavy objects, horses altered the course of empires and determined victors and losers in battle. They also transformed the way people hunt, communicate, trade and even dress. Trousers spread only after horses were domesticated, as an innovation for riding. The oldest surviving pairs, dating to 1300 BC, belonged to horsemen. A number of new books have come out looking at the horse’s impact on human history. David Christain, a scholar of Asian history, focuses his deeply researched, elegantly written “Raiders, Rulers and Traders” on the interplay between horse-borne nomads (游牧民族) and settled people a defining aspect of Chinese, Indian and Persian civilizations. He argues that “What we now call the Silk Road should more accurately be called the Horse Road, for it was the horse, and not silk, that drew buyers and sellers together... to form the first large-scale international trading routes.” Superior horses and horsemanship continued to determine sweeping population movements of mounts brought the Huns into Europe, the Arabs into Spain and the Turks into India and Anatolia. Horses also spread the vast Mongol armies under Genghis Khan across nearly the whole of the Eurasian land mass. A look at the “biotechnology” of the horse explains its usefulness. In terms of power, a horse packs more than ten times that of a human. People still use “horsepower” as a way to quantify might. It is only in the past 100 years, since the invention and spread of automobiles, that horses became less essential to human civilization and people’s daily lives. However, as these books make clear, it would be unwise to set horses aside in people’s memories. They deserve our respect, for their presence changed the world. 13．Which of the following contributed to the extinction of wild horses in North America? A．Lack of food and water sources. B．Rising temperatures and habitat loss. C．Overpopulation and natural enemies. D．Human hunting and domestication. 14．Which is the argument of David Christain’s book? A．Horses facilitated the Persian’s invasion of Indian. B．Nomadic life was more advanced than settled civilizations. C．The Mongol Empire depended entirely on superior horse breeds. D．Horses were more crucial than silk in trade along ancient routes. 15．What is the author’s perspective on the historical role of horses? A．Critical of their environmental impact. B．Admiring of their significant contributions. C．Dismissive of their importance in modern times. D．Neutral towards their influence on human civilization. 16．Which can serve as the best title of the passage? A．Human’s Impact on Horse. B．The Rise and Fall of the Horse. C．The Gallop That Shaped History. D．The Biotechnology behind the Horse. 五. （25-26高三下·江西·月考）Many things can now be bought using buy-now, pay-later (BNPL) financing. Such purchases are often the subject of ridicule (嘲笑). Paying for lunch in installments (分期付款) is, to some, consumerism at its most absurd. Others see something darker: lending that skirts the edge of mainstream finance, targeting unstable borrowers. Neither ridicule nor anxiety has weakened the industry’s growth, however. The idea of a loan at the point of sale is an old one. In 1856, Isaac Singer and Edward Clark began selling sewing machines in installments, with great success. The modern industry operates in a similar manner. When a customer buys a product for $100, they can pay in stages. The BNPL lender pays the merchant in advance, in exchange for a cut of, say, $3. This is attractive to retailers (零售商), since it boosts sales. The customer pays back the sum over time, with zero interest. BNPL plans promise freedom and flexibility, but the ease of use can fool our minds. When payment is delayed or divided into smaller payments, we are wired to feel less emotionally exhausted. Although the £15 or $25 payments seem insignificant, they quickly add up. Prelec & Loewenstein found that when the act of paying is separated from the act of purchasing, we experience less “pain of paying”, which makes us more likely to overspend. This psychological disconnection allows people to underestimate the long-term cost of their spending and often leads to impulsive financial decisions. In societies where digital credit is easily accessible but financial education is limited, these behaviors can develop into chronic debt. Stress over money doesn’t stay in the bank. It follows us into our homes, our relationships, and even our sleep. The psychological cost can be severe when financial strain affects daily survival, such as paying for food, housing, or education. Even middle and high income earners report significant mental distress when caught in cycles of lifestyle-driven debt because of the pressure. 17．What can we learn about the BNPL industry from paragraph 1? A．It faces no public criticism. B．It replaces mainstream finance. C．It targets poor borrowers. D．It maintains strong growth. 18．What is the probable reason why retailers favor to do BNPL service? A．It provides payment in advance. B．It charges minimal fees. C．It generates more profits. D．It offers interest-free loans. 19．What results from reduced “pain of paying”? A．Higher spending goals. B．More unplanned purchases. C．Lowered long-term costs. D．Improved financial decisions. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards BNPL? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Subjective. 六. （2026高三下·云南）Food waste has long been a thorny (棘手的) issue plaguing global food systems, with staggering statistics highlighting its severity. The United Nations Environment Programme reports that roughly one-third of all food produced worldwide is lost or wasted each year, amounting to approximately 1.3 billion tons. This not only squanders the water, land, and energy used in food production but also exacerbates (使恶化) environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions from rotting food in landfills. In recent years, innovative approaches to tackling food waste have emerged across the globe. One standout initiative comes from France, where a 2016 law mandated that supermarkets larger than 400 square meters cannot discard unsold fresh food. Instead, they must donate it to food banks or charitable organizations. This legislation has significantly cut down on supermarket food waste while alleviating hunger in local communities. Similarly, in South Korea, residents have been using a digital food waste tracking system since 2013, which charges households based on the amount of food waste they discard. This policy has incentivized citizens to reduce waste, with food waste per capita dropping by nearly 25% in the following decade. Restaurants have also joined the fight against food waste. In Seoul, the trendy restaurant “ZeroWaste Bistro” has built its business model around using “ugly produce”— fruits and vegetables that are misshapen, bruised, or otherwise deemed unfit for mainstream retail shelves. The chef carefully transforms these imperfect ingredients into exquisite dishes, such as roasted carrot and quinoa bowls, pickled beetroot salads, and fruit smoothies made with slightly overripe bananas. These menu items not only reduce waste but also attract environmentally conscious diners, who are willing to pay premium prices for the sustainable concept. A 2024 study conducted by Oxford University revealed that consumer attitudes toward “ugly produce” have shifted dramatically in the past five years. Over 60% of respondents stated that they would be willing to purchase imperfect fruits and vegetables if they were offered at a discounted price, and 45% expressed interest in dining at restaurants that specialize in repurposing wasted food. This shift suggests that with greater awareness and accessible options, the public can play a pivotal role in curbing food waste. However, challenges remain. Some small-scale farmers and producers struggle to collect and redistribute unsold food due to logistical barriers and high transportation costs. Additionally, consumer confusion persists about which foods are still safe to eat after their “best before” dates, leading to unnecessary waste. Despite these hurdles, the growing number of initiatives and changing public attitudes offer hope that food waste can be significantly reduced in the coming years. 21．What does the UN Environment Programme data mainly show? A．The types of food wasted globally. B．The seriousness of the global food waste problem. C．The reasons for food waste in landfills. D．The methods to reduce food production loss. 22．What do we know about the French law on supermarket food waste? A．It applies to all supermarkets in France. B．It aims to increase supermarket profits. C．It requires supermarkets to donate unsold food. D．It has little impact on local food banks. 23．Why does the author mention “Zero Waste Bistro” in Seoul? A．To show how restaurants fight food waste. B．To explain how to cook with overripe fruits. C．To introduce the popularity of trendy restaurants. D．To compare different restaurant business models. 24．What can we infer from the Oxford University study? A．Most consumers buy “ugly produce” at high prices. B．“Best before” dates cause no food waste. C．People’s awareness of food waste is rising. D．Small-scale farmers face no logistical barriers. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《2026届高三英语各地模考或重点中学（联考）阅读专项训练十八（C篇）及答案详解》参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 D C B B B A C A A C 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B C B D B C D C B C 题号 21 22 23 24 答案 B C A C 一. 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.74 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI助力雨林生物多样性研究与监测。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But such “bio-acoustic (生物声音的) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears.(但这种“生物声音分析”仍然很耗时，而且需要一双专家的耳朵。)”可知，生物声音分析需要特殊的技能和时间。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted.(不出所料，土地免受农业活动的时间越长，其承载的生物多样性就越大。)”可知，农业活动导致生物多样性减少。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too.(令人欣慰的是，他们发现，吵闹动物的多样性也是较安静动物多样性的可靠指标。)”可知，Müller博士和他的同事进行这项调查是为了确认较安静动物的生物多样性。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.(Müller博士希望，一种自动检查结果的方法可以帮助监测这些努力，并提供一种标准化的方法来衡量它们是否像赞助商所说的那样有效。)”可知，人工智能可以监测修复项目的效果。故选B。 二. 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 【难度】0.75 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍短跑的特点及对心血管、肌肉、骨骼和大脑的多方面科学验证益处。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This form of exercise involves short, intense bursts of running, usually lasting from 15 seconds to a minute, followed by rest periods.(这种运动形式包括短暂而剧烈的跑步爆发，通常持续15秒到一分钟，之后是休息时间。”可知，短跑的一个主要特点是包含短暂且剧烈的跑步。故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It significantly boosts VO2 max, which measures the maximum oxygen one’s body can use during exercise and is a key indicator of fitness.(它能显著提高最大摄氧量，最大摄氧量衡量的是人体在运动中能使用的最大氧气量，是健康状况的关键指标)”可知，最大摄氧量与人体运动时的氧气使用量有关。故选A项。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Furthermore, unlike low-impact cardio like cycling, sprinting is highly effective for building bone strength in critical areas like the spine and hips (脊柱和髋部), helping to prevent osteoporosis.(此外，与骑自行车等低冲击性有氧运动不同，短跑能有效增强脊柱和髋部等关键部位的骨骼强度，有助于预防osteoporosis)”可知，前文提到短跑增强骨骼强度，由此可推断该词指的是一种骨骼相关的问题。故选C项。 8．标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“In summary, sprinting offers a wide range of science-backed benefits for the heart, muscles, bones, and brain, all within a very time-efficient framework.(总之，短跑为心脏、肌肉、骨骼和大脑提供了广泛的、有科学依据的益处，且所有益处都能在高效的时间框架内实现)”可知，文章主要介绍短跑对全身多方面的益处。A项“短跑：对全身有益”概括文章主旨，适合作标题。故选A项。 三. 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C 【难度】0.55 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于食蛙蝠的研究，该研究发现这些蝙蝠经过训练后能够将与食物奖励关联的铃声记忆长达四年之久。 9．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In the first stage, individual frog-eating bats captured for a series of recognition tests were exposed to a highly captivating sound in the lab: the call of the male túngara frog, one of the bats’ preferred prey (猎物). (在第一阶段，为进行一系列识别测试而捕获的食蛙蝠个体在实验室中被暴露于一种高度captivating的声音：雄性túngara蛙的叫声，这是蝙蝠偏爱的猎物之一)”可知，这是雄性túngara蛙的叫声，且雄性túngara蛙是偏爱的猎物，所以这种声音对蝙蝠会很有吸引力。故划线词意为“吸引人的”，与A项“Attractive”同义。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Over time, the sound was mixed with and gradually replaced by a ringtone, but the reward was the same. Researchers then introduced three other ringtones, none of which was connected to a food reward. Bats were trained to tell the differences and eventually no longer flew toward the unrewarded sounds. (随着时间的推移，这种声音与一种铃声混合并逐渐被取代，但奖励保持不变。随后，研究人员引入了另外三种铃声，它们都没有与食物奖励关联。蝙蝠被训练来区分差异，最终不再飞向那些没有奖励的声音)”可知，研究人员引入另外三种铃声是为了训练蝙蝠区分有奖励的声音和没有奖励的声音。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段中“All of them flew toward the sound, and six flew all the way to the speaker and grabbed the food reward, meaning they expected to find food. Control bats without previous training on the sounds were unmoved by the exposure to the unfamiliar tones. (所有蝙蝠都朝着声音飞去，其中六只一路飞到扬声器处并抓取了食物奖励，这意味着它们期待找到食物。而没有经过声音预训练的对照蝙蝠对这些不熟悉的声音没有反应)”可知，对照蝙蝠用于与经过训练的蝙蝠进行对比，以证明训练的有效性。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Frog-eating bats trained by researchers to associate a phone ringtone with a tasty treat were able to remember what they learned for up to four years in the wild, new research has found. (新研究发现，经过研究人员训练的食蛙蝠能够将手机铃声与美味食物关联起来，并在野外记住所学内容长达四年之久)”以及最后一段“Four years strikes me as a long time to hold on to a sound that you might never hear again. (四年对我来说是一段很长的时间，能记住一种你可能再也听不到的声音)”可知，本文主要介绍了在食蛙蝠身上发现了长期记忆能力。故C项“Long-Term Memory Found in Frog-Eating Bats (食蛙蝠中发现长期记忆)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选C项。 四. 13．B 14．D 15．B 16．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍马的历史变迁及其对人类文明的深远影响。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“At the end of the last ice age warming temperatures turned the grasslands where horses roamed into swamps (沼泽地) and forests. Wild horses did, in fact, go extinct in North America around 7,600-12,000 years ago.(在上一个冰河时代末期，气温上升使得马匹漫步的草原变成了沼泽和森林。事实上，大约在7600到12000年前，野马在北美灭绝了。)”可知，气温上升和栖息地丧失导致北美野马灭绝。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He argues that ‘What we now call the Silk Road should more accurately be called the Horse Road, for it was the horse, and not silk, that drew buyers and sellers together... to form the first large-scale international trading routes.’(他认为，‘我们现在所说的丝绸之路，更准确地应该被称为马之路，因为是马，而不是丝绸，把买卖双方聚集在一起……形成了第一条大规模的国际贸易路线。’)”可知，David Christain认为在古代贸易路线中，马比丝绸更为关键。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, as these books make clear, it would be unwise to set horses aside in people’s memories. They deserve our respect, for their presence changed the world.(然而，正如这些书所表明的，在人们的记忆中把马放在一边是不明智的。它们值得我们的尊重，因为它们的存在改变了世界。)”可知，作者对马在历史上的作用持钦佩态度，认为它们做出了重大贡献。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段中“Humans were forever changed by their horse partnership.(人类与马的伙伴关系永远地改变了人类。)”以及最后一段中“They deserve our respect, for their presence changed the world.(它们值得我们的尊重，因为它们的存在改变了世界。)”可知，文章主要讲述了马对人类历史的深远影响，选项C“塑造历史的奔腾”既形象又准确地概括了主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 五. 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．C 【难度】0.68 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“先买后付”（BNPL）服务的商业模式和快速增长，并分析了其通过分离支付与购买行为来降低“支付痛苦”，从而诱使消费者过度消费、累积债务，最终对个人财务和心理健康造成严重负面影响。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Neither ridicule nor anxiety has weakened the industry’s growth, however. (然而，无论是嘲笑还是担忧，都没有削弱该行业的增长。)”可知，BNPL行业保持着强劲的增长。故选D项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The BNPL lender pays the merchant in advance, in exchange for a cut of, say, $3. This is attractive to retailers (零售商), since it boosts sales. (BNPL贷款方预先支付给商家，以换取分成，比如3美元。这对零售商来说颇具吸引力，因为这能促进销售。)”可知，零售商青睐BNPL服务很可能是因为它能带来更多利润。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Prelec & Loewenstein found that when the act of paying is separated from the act of purchasing, we experience less “pain of paying”, which makes us more likely to overspend. This psychological disconnection allows people to underestimate the long-term cost of their spending and often leads to impulsive financial decisions. (Prelec和Loewenstein发现，当支付行为与购买行为分离时，我们感受到的“支付痛苦”会减少，这使我们更有可能超支。这种心理上的脱节使得人们往往会低估自己消费行为的长期代价，并常常因此做出冲动的财务决策。)”可知，“支付痛苦”的减少导致了更多无计划的购买。故选B项。 20．推理判断题。文章先介绍先买后付模式的运作方式与行业发展情况，再分析其对消费者的心理影响和潜在债务风险，既没有一味夸赞该模式的优势，也没有片面否定其存在的价值，只是客观地阐述相关事实并进行分析。故选C项。 六. 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了全球食物浪费问题的严重性，并介绍了各国及餐饮业为减少食物浪费所采取的创新措施，同时指出尽管面临挑战，公众态度的转变和越来越多的倡议为减少食物浪费带来了希望。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段“The United Nations Environment Programme reports that roughly one-third of all food produced worldwide is lost or wasted each year, amounting to approximately 1.3 billion tons. This not only squanders the water, land, and energy used in food production but also exacerbates environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions from rotting food in landfills.(联合国环境规划署报告称，全球每年约有三分之一的食物被损失或浪费，总量约为13亿吨。这不仅浪费了粮食生产中使用的水、土地和能源，还加剧了环境问题，如垃圾填埋场腐烂食物产生的温室气体排放。)”可知，联合国环境规划署的数据主要说明了全球食物浪费问题的严重性。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“One standout initiative comes from France, where a 2016 law mandated that supermarkets larger than 400 square meters cannot discard unsold fresh food. Instead, they must donate it to food banks or charitable organizations.(一个突出的举措来自法国，2016年的一项法律规定，面积超过400平方米的超市不能丢弃未售出的新鲜食品。相反，他们必须将其捐赠给食物银行或慈善组织。)”可知，法国关于超市食物浪费的法律要求超市捐赠未售出的食物。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段“Restaurants have also joined the fight against food waste. In Seoul, the trendy restaurant “ZeroWaste Bistro” has built its business model around using “ugly produce”— fruits and vegetables that are misshapen, bruised, or otherwise deemed unfit for mainstream retail shelves.(餐馆也加入了对抗食物浪费的行列。在首尔，时尚餐厅“零浪费小酒馆”围绕使用“丑陋的农产品”建立了商业模式——这些水果和蔬菜形状怪异、有瘀伤，或被认为不适合主流零售货架。)”可知，作者提到首尔的“零浪费小酒馆”是为了展示餐馆如何对抗食物浪费。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据第四段“A 2024 study conducted by Oxford University revealed that consumer attitudes toward “ugly produce” have shifted dramatically in the past five years. Over 60% of respondents stated that they would be willing to purchase imperfect fruits and vegetables if they were offered at a discounted price, and 45% expressed interest in dining at restaurants that specialize in repurposing wasted food. This shift suggests that with greater awareness and accessible options, the public can play a pivotal role in curbing food waste.(牛津大学2024年的一项研究表明，过去五年里，消费者对“丑陋的农产品”的态度发生了巨大变化。超过60%的受访者表示，如果打折出售，他们愿意购买不完美的水果和蔬菜，45%的受访者表示有兴趣在专门利用废弃食物的餐馆用餐。这种转变表明，随着公众意识的提高和可获得的选择增多，公众可以在遏制食物浪费方面发挥关键作用。)”可知，从牛津大学的研究中我们能推断出人们对食物浪费的认识正在提高。故选C。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $