阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第2练）-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026届阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第2练） 姓名：___________班级：___________学号：___________得分：___________ 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 选择 题号 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 选择 Passage 1（25-26高三上·重庆·期末） Wetlands, often called the “kidneys of the earth,” play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. They filter pollutants from water, store carbon to mitigate climate change, and provide habitats for diverse species. However, global wetland loss has accelerated in recent decades due to urbanization, agriculture, and pollution. The Chongqing Qijiang Wetland Park, established in 2018, serves as a model for wetland restoration. Once a degraded farmland, it was transformed by reintroducing native plants like reeds and lotuses, which stabilize soil and absorb excess nutrients. A network of shallow ponds and channels was created to mimic natural water flow, attracting over 200 bird species, including the endangered oriental stork. The park also includes educational trails where visitors can learn about wetland ecology through interactive displays. Local communities have benefited too. Farmers living nearby now earn income by selling organic vegetables grown in the wetland’s buffer zones, and guided tours create jobs for residents. However, challenges remain: invasive species like water hyacinth threaten native plants, and seasonal droughts affect water levels. To address these, park managers collaborate with scientists to monitor biodiversity and implement sustainable water management practices. 1．Why are wetlands referred to as the “kidneys of the earth”? A．They filter pollutants and maintain water quality. B．They produce oxygen like kidneys produce urine. C．They store carbon to regulate body temperature. D．They provide habitats for kidney-shaped organisms. 2．What was the Qijiang Wetland Park before 2018? A．A natural forest. B．An industrial site. C．A degraded farmland. D．A residential area. 3．How do local communities benefit from the wetland park? A．By receiving government subsidies. B．By building factories in buffer zones. C．By hunting endangered birds. D．By selling organic produce and guiding tours. 4．What is a current challenge for the wetland park? A．Lack of funding for maintenance. B．Invasive species and seasonal droughts. C．Overpopulation of native birds. D．Too many visitors disturbing wildlife. Passage 2（24-25高二上·四川达州·期末） On Oct 27, a wild boar (野猪) was hit by a train on a high-speed railway in Nanjing, Jiangsu province. When an engineer checked for damage, he was struck and killed by another train. On the same day, an injured wild boar entered a house in Beijing’s Mentougou district. Luckily, no one was harmed. With China’s ecological environment constantly improving, there has been a stable increase in wild boar populations across the country, which in turn has caused more human-wildlife conflicts. According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, a total of 2 million wild boars live in 28 provincial-level regions in China and accidents or attacks involving boars have been reported in 26 of them. Xie Yi, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said that due to their strong adaptability and high reproductive capacity, the population growth rate of wild boars is faster than that of their natural enemies such as wolves. This has led to an expansion (扩大) in their activity range. “They are not picky eaters and will consume anything edible (可食用的),” said Sun. Therefore, wild boars are an important part of the ecosystem and biodiversity. Their growing numbers indicate an overall improvement in the ecological environment. However, Sun noted that hunting is a short-term, unsustainable solution. Long-term control requires restoring boar predators (捕食者) and expanding habitats to reduce human-wildlife conflicts. In February, a plan was issued by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration to prevent and control damage caused by wildlife, including wild boars. It aims to establish legal measures and improve the compensation and assistance system by next year. 5．What particular problem does the increase in wild boar populations cause? A．Threats to other animals. B．Conflicts with humans. C．Environmental damage. D．Occupation of farmland. 6．According to Xie Yi, why has the activity range of wild boars expanded? A．They have become more dangerous. B．They have been well-protected by law. C．Their food sources have become severely limited. D．Their numbers are growing faster than their natural enemies. 7．What does the growth in the wild boar population indicate, according to Sun? A．General ecological improvement. B．A decline in wolves’ adaptability. C．Progress in public ecological awareness. D．Disruption in the food chain caused by humans. 8．What is Sun’s opinion on hunting wild boars? A．It requires legal protection. B．It’s beneficial to local communities. C．It’s impractical in the long run. D．It is the most cost-effective solution. Passage 3（25-26高三上·新疆乌鲁木齐·月考） A recent review of numerous studies reveals that childhood exposure to chemicals in common plastic household items poses significant and lasting health risks, extending well into adulthood. Published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, the findings highlight particular concern for three classes of chemicals: Caliphates (making plastic flexible), Biospheres (providing rigidity), and PFAS (resisting heat and water). The research, which analyzed data from thousands of pregnant mothers, fetuses (胎), and children, links these chemicals to a range of long-term health issues. These include heart disease, obesity, infertility, and asthma, Experts explain that these substances can derange hormone (激素) function and trigger body-wide inflammation (炎症). Furthermore, early-life exposure is associated with neuro developmental problems like autism (孤独症) and ADHD, as well as IQ loss. These chemicals arc widespread, found in food packaging, cosmetics, and even paper receipts. As plastics are used, heated, or washed, cytoplasmic and antiparticle arc released and become absorbed. The review also suggests practical solutions. Parents can reduce exposure by switching to glass or stainless-steel containers and avoiding microwaving or dish washing plastic. Healthcare providers are encouraged to guide families toward safer choices. At a policy level, researchers call for stricter regulations, especially for nonessential plastics. This urgency is supported by the ongoing negotiations for the UN Global Plastics Treaty, which aims to establish legally binding limits on plastic production. According to Trasande, the findings in the article support the urgent need for a strong agreement to help protect not only the environment but human health as well. He notes that while the economic value of the plastics industry is commonly raised as a barrier to carrying out regulations, the resulting health care costs from exposure are enormous, with his research estimates reaching roughly $250 billion per year in the United States alone. However, the researchers clarify that their findings do not challenge the essential, life-saving uses of plastic in medical settings, such as in ventilators (通风设备) for premature infants or neutralizers for asthmatic children. The concern lies primarily with unnecessary use outside of healthcare. 9．The underlined word “derange” in the paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A．disturb B．regulate C．ignore D．fulfill 10．According to the passage, which is NOT the measure to reduce plastic exposure? A．Making policies to limit nonessential plastics. B．Launching campaigns to recycle plastic bottles. C．Avoiding microwaving and dish washing plastic. D．Replacing plastic containers with glass or stainless steel. 11．What is Dr. Trasande’s attitude towards plastics regulation? A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. 12．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call for a total ban on plastic production. B．To stress the essential role of plastics in medicine. C．To reveal risks of plastic exposure and urge actions. D．To assess the economic cost of plastic-related diseases. Passage 4（25-26高三上·云南楚雄·期末） More trees will cool the climate and control fires, but mainly if planted in hot, wet areas, according to a new UC Riverside (UCR) study. The study, published in Climate and Atmospheric Science, found that tree planting is generally a net positive for the climate because it helps pull warming carbon out of the atmosphere. However, local effects on temperature not related to carbon varied significantly by region. At higher latitudes (纬度), trees could have a slight heating effect, while the opposite is true in hot, wet areas. “Our study found greater cooling effects from planting in warm, wet regions, where trees grow throughout the year. Trees there not only pull carbon dioxide from the air, they also cool while releasing water vapor,” said study first author and UCR graduate student James Gomez. “It’s not that planting elsewhere doesn’t help — it does — but these warm areas offer the strongest returns per tree.” These findings mirror the results of an earlier UCR study that shows planting trees could cool the surface of the planet even more than previously expected. While that study factored in the chemical effects of trees interacting with the atmosphere, this study places more emphasis on understanding the physical effects of tree planting. These effects include “tree sweating”, or transpiration (蒸腾). Tree roots absorb water from the soil, which then travels up through the trunk and into the leaves. When pores (气孔) in the leaves open up so the tree can take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis (光合作用), some of the water in the leaves evaporates into the air. This process cools the air on Earth’s surface and cools the tree, too. “It’s just like the way sweating cools your body,” Gomez said. “In warm, wet areas, there is constantly water available for trees, and that increases transpiration.” Trees can also reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the planet’s surface. As they release water vapor, the air can become more humid. More humidity can mean more clouds, and water vapor itself can absorb some sun. Both of these effects reduce the amount of sun that reaches the ground, giving a cooling effect. 13．What does the study reveal about tree planting in different regions? A．Carbon absorption is weaker in high latitudes than hot areas. B．Climate benefits overall, but temperature effects vary regionally. C．It is only effective in hot, wet areas and has no benefits elsewhere. D．It has identical cooling effects regardless of the latitude where trees are planted. 14．How does the transpiration process mainly work? A．By opening leaf pores to let water out. B．By changing sunlight into food for the tree. C．By adding water to the air without forming clouds. D．By pulling water up from the soil through the trunk. 15．Hot, wet areas have the best cooling effect because of ______. A．more leaf pores and less water in the air B．constant water supply and slower tree growth C．greater carbon storage and less sun bouncing back D．year-round water release and more clouds forming 16．Which is the best title for the text? A．Why All Tree Planting Helps the Climate B．The Chemistry of Trees: Beyond Carbon Storage C．Where to Plant Trees for Maximum Climate Benefits D．Trees and Carbon: A New Look at Forest Climate Effects 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《2026届阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第2练）》参考答案 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【知识点】环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了湿地的重要性、重庆綦江湿地公园的修复案例、当地社区的受益情况及现存挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“湿地常被称为‘地球之肾’，能过滤水中污染物、储存碳并提供生物栖息地”，核心原因是过滤污染物并维持水质。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“2018年建成的重庆綦江湿地公园，其前身为退化农田”，可知2018年前是退化农田。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“当地社区通过出售湿地缓冲区种植的有机蔬菜、提供导游服务获得收益”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“湿地公园面临入侵物种（如水葫芦）威胁本土植物、季节性干旱影响水位的挑战”。故选B。 翻译： 湿地常被称作“地球之肾”，在维持生态平衡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们能过滤水中的污染物，储存碳以缓解气候变化，还为各类生物提供栖息之所。然而近几十年来，受城市化、农业发展和环境污染的影响，全球湿地的消失速度不断加快。 2018年建成的重庆綦江湿地公园，是湿地修复的典范。这里曾是一片退化的农田，人们通过重新种植芦苇、荷花等本土植物对其进行改造，这些植物能稳固土壤、吸收多余的养分。公园内还修建了由浅塘和水道构成的水网，模拟自然的水流形态，吸引了包括濒危的东方白鹳在内的200多种鸟类前来栖息。园内还设置了生态科普步道，游客能通过互动展陈了解湿地生态知识。 当地社区也从中受益良多。居住在附近的农民通过售卖在湿地缓冲区种植的有机蔬菜获得收入，生态导览服务也为居民创造了就业岗位。不过，公园的发展仍面临诸多挑战：水葫芦等入侵物种对本土植物的生存构成威胁，季节性干旱也会影响园区的水位。为了解决这些问题，公园管理人员与科研人员展开合作，对生物多样性进行监测，并推行可持续的水资源管理措施。 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 【知识点】人与动植物、社会问题与社会现象、说明文 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国生态改善使野猪数量大增，引发人兽冲突。野猪适应力强、繁殖快，数量增长超天敌。它是生态一部分，捕猎非长久之计，需恢复天敌、完善制度来管控。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“中国生态改善使野猪数量稳定增长，进而引发更多人兽冲突”。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“谢毅教授指出，野猪因适应力强、繁殖快，种群增长速度超过狼等天敌，导致活动范围扩大”。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“野猪数量增加表明生态环境总体改善”。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“孙指出狩猎是短期且不可持续的解决办法”，即长远来看不切实际。故选C。 翻译： 10 月 27 日，江苏省南京市的一段高铁线路上发生了野猪被列车撞击的事故。一名工程师前往现场检查设备损毁情况时，不幸被另一列列车撞击身亡。同日，一只受伤的野猪闯入了北京市门头沟区的一户居民家中，所幸无人受伤。随着我国生态环境的持续改善，全国范围内的野猪数量稳步增长，这一现象进而引发了更多的人兽冲突。 据国家林业和草原局统计，我国28个省级行政区内共生活着200万头野猪，其中26个地区都有野猪引发事故或伤人的相关报道。北京林业大学的谢毅教授表示，野猪的适应能力强、繁殖能力高，其种群增长速度远超狼等天敌，这也导致它们的活动范围不断扩大。 “野猪不挑食，凡是能吃的东西都会吃。” 孙教授说道。尽管如此，野猪仍是生态系统和生物多样性的重要组成部分，其数量的增长也从整体上反映出生态环境的改善。 但孙教授也指出，猎杀野猪只是一种短期、不可持续的解决办法。要实现对野猪种群的长期管控，需要恢复其天敌的数量，并扩大野生动物的栖息范围，以此减少人兽冲突。今年2月，国家林业和草原局出台了一份防范和治理野猪等野生动物致害的方案，计划在明年前建立相关的法律管控措施，并完善野生动物致害的补偿救助机制。 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．C 【知识点】科普知识 、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭示儿童接触家用塑料中的化学物质存在持久健康风险，并提出个人、医疗及政策层面的应对措施。 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“这些物质会derange激素功能并引发全身炎症”，结合危害语境，derange意为“扰乱”，与disturb意思相近。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。第四、五段提及改用玻璃容器、避免微波加热塑料、政策法规等措施，未提及“回收塑料瓶活动”。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段“Trasande认为研究结果支持需强有力协议保护人类健康”，可推断他支持塑料法规。故选B项。 12．推理判断题。文章揭示儿童接触塑料化学物质的健康风险，并从个人、医疗、政策层面提出应对措施，目的是揭示风险并呼吁行动。故选C项。 翻译： 近期一项综合了多项研究的综述报告显示，儿童时期接触家用普通塑料制品中的化学物质，会产生严重且持久的健康风险，这种影响甚至会一直延续到成年阶段。该研究发表在《柳叶刀・儿童与青少年健康》期刊上，研究结果特别指出，三类化学物质的危害值得高度警惕：增塑剂（让塑料更具柔韧性）、硬化剂（让塑料保持坚硬）和全氟烷基物质（具备耐高温、抗水的特性）。 这项研究分析了数千名孕妇、胎儿和儿童的相关数据，发现上述化学物质与多种长期健康问题存在关联，包括心脏病、肥胖症、不孕症和哮喘等。专家解释，这些物质会扰乱人体的激素功能，引发全身性的炎症反应。此外，生命早期接触这类物质，还可能导致孤独症、注意缺陷多动障碍等神经发育问题，甚至会造成智力水平下降。 这些有害化学物质的分布十分广泛，食品包装、化妆品，甚至纸质购物小票中都能发现它们的踪迹。塑料制品在使用、加热或清洗的过程中，会释放出相关化学物质，进而被人体吸收。 该综述报告还提出了一些切实可行的应对办法。家长可以改用玻璃或不锈钢容器来储存食物，避免用微波炉加热塑料餐具或用洗碗机清洗塑料制品，以此减少孩子与有害化学物质的接触。研究也建议医护人员为各个家庭提供指导，帮助他们做出更安全的生活选择。 在政策层面，研究人员呼吁出台更严格的监管规定，尤其是针对非必要塑料制品的生产和使用。这一诉求的紧迫性，也得到了正在协商制定中的《联合国全球塑料公约》的支持，该公约旨在为塑料生产设立具有法律约束力的限制条款。特拉桑德教授表示，这篇研究报告的结论印证了达成一项强有力的国际公约的迫切性，这不仅能保护生态环境，更能守护人类的身体健康。 他指出，人们常以塑料产业的经济价值为由，反对出台相关监管规定，但接触塑料有害化学物质所产生的医疗成本十分高昂。据他的研究估算，仅在美国，这一成本每年就高达约2500亿美元。 不过研究人员也明确说明，他们的研究结论并非否定塑料在医疗领域不可或缺的救命用途，比如早产儿使用的呼吸机、哮喘患儿使用的雾化器等医疗设备中，塑料都发挥着关键作用。研究的关注重点，主要是医疗领域之外那些非必要的塑料使用场景。 13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C 【知识点】科普知识 、说明文、植物 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加州大学河滨分校的一项新研究，研究表明植树对气候总体有益，但不同地区的温度影响差异显著，在炎热潮湿地区植树能带来最强的降温效果，并解释了其原理。 13．细节理解题。根据第1段“植树总体对气候有益，但与碳无关的局部温度效应因地区差异显著”。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第4段“树根吸水后运输至叶片，叶片气孔打开吸收二氧化碳时，水分蒸发到空气中”，即蒸腾作用通过叶片气孔释放水分进行。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据第5、6段“湿热地区持续供水增加蒸腾作用，释放的水蒸气使空气湿润形成云层，二者共同减少地面光照，产生冷却效果”。故选D。   16．主旨大意题。文章开篇指出“在炎热潮湿地区植树降温效果最佳”，并解释其原理，核心是强调植树地点对气候效益的重要性。故选C。 翻译： 加州大学河滨分校的一项新研究表明，植树造林能起到降温调候、防控火灾的作用，但这一效果在炎热湿润的地区尤为显著。该研究发表在《气候与大气科学》期刊上，研究发现，植树对气候总体而言能产生积极作用，因为树木有助于从大气中吸收导致气候变暖的碳元素。不过，树木对当地温度的非碳相关影响，会因地区不同而存在显著差异：在高纬度地区，植树可能会产生轻微的升温效应，而在炎热湿润的地区，植树则会带来明显的降温效果。 该研究的第一作者、加州大学河滨分校的研究生詹姆斯・戈麦斯表示：“我们的研究发现，在温暖湿润的地区植树，降温效果会更明显，因为这些地区的树木全年都能生长。这里的树木不仅能从空气中吸收二氧化碳，还会在释放水蒸气的过程中起到降温作用。并非在其他地区植树就毫无益处，只是在这些温暖的地区，每种植一棵树能带来的气候效益是最大的。” 这一研究结果与加州大学河滨分校此前的一项研究结论相契合，此前的研究发现，植树对地球表面的降温效果，比人们之前预估的还要显著。此前的研究主要分析了树木与大气相互作用产生的化学效应，而本次研究则更侧重于探究植树带来的物理效应。 这些物理效应包括树木的“出汗现象”，即蒸腾作用。树木的根部从土壤中吸收水分，水分通过树干输送至叶片；当叶片上的气孔张开，树木为光合作用吸收二氧化碳时，叶片中的部分水分会蒸发到空气中。这一过程不仅能降低地球表面的气温，也能为树木自身降温。 戈麦斯说：“这就和人体通过出汗降温的原理一样。在温暖湿润的地区，树木总能获得充足的水分，这也让蒸腾作用的效果变得更显著。” 树木还能减少照射到地球表面的阳光。树木释放的水蒸气会让空气的湿度增加，湿度上升会促使云层形成，而水蒸气本身也能吸收部分阳光。这两种作用都会减少到达地面的阳光照射量，从而实现降温效果。 $