内容正文:
Unit 4 Rules make for a better life!Lesson 2知识清单
Part1核心单词
1 therefore /'ðeəfɔː(r) / adv. 因此;所以
therefore adv. 意为“因此;所以 ”,表示因果关系,主要用于引出结果或结论。它通常位于句首或句中,在句首时,后常加逗号;在句中时,常与and 连用。注意不能直接连接两个句子(需用句号或分号分隔) 。
辨析:therefore 与so
therefore
意为“因此;所以”,不能直接连接两个句子。
so
意为“所以”,直接连接前后句,so 前通常需加逗号。
例:It was raining heavily. Therefore, we decided to stay at home.雨下得很大,因此我们决定待在家里。
I forgot to charge my phone, and therefore couldn’t make a call. 我忘了给手机充电,因此无法打电话。
He was sick, so he didn’t go to school. 他生病了,所以没去上学。
2 signal /'sɪɡnəl/ n. 标志;信号
signal n. 意为“标志;信号”,可以表示具体的信号(如交通信号) 或抽象的信号(如某种暗示,相当于sign)
signal 的常见搭配:(1) traffic signals 交通信号灯= traffic lights
(2) give/send a signal 发出/ 发送信号
(3) receive/catch a signal 接收信号
signal 还可作动词,意为“发出信号;示意”。常见用法:
(1) signal to sb. 向某人示意 (2) signal sth. 发出……信号 (3) signal that... 示意……
辨析:signal 与sign
signal
通过特定方式(光、声音、动作) 传递指令或信息。常指交通信号灯、手机信号、旗语、摩斯密码等。
sign
可见的标志、符号、迹象,通过视觉或逻辑传递信息。常指路标、警示牌、手势、健康征兆等。
例:This signal on the mountain means danger.山上的这个标志意味着危险。
He gave a signal to start the race. 他发出信号开始比赛。
The satellite sends a signal back to Earth. 卫星向地球发送信号。
The teacher signaled to the students to be quiet.老师示意学生们安静下来。
There’s a“No Smoking” sign in the room.房间里有“禁止吸烟”的标志。
3 seat /siːt/ n. 座位;席位
seat n. 意为“座位”,是可数名词,复数形式为seats。常见搭配:(1) take one’s seat 坐下
(2) have a seat 就座;坐下
(3) book a seat 预订座位
seat 作名词,还可意为“席位”。
seat 还可作动词,意为“可坐……人;能容纳……人”
例:The bus was full and there were no empty seats.公交车满了,没有空座位。
Please take your seat. The meeting will start in five minutes. 请就座,会议五分钟后开始。
Thank you very much. Please have a seat. 非常感谢。请坐。
The company has a seat on the industry council.这家公司在行业委员会中有一席之地。
4 cross /krɒs/ v. 横过;越过
cross v. 意为“横过;越过”。常用于短语cross the road/bridge/river“穿过道路/ 桥梁/ 河流”。
cross 作动词,还可意为“交叉”。
cross 还可作名词,意为“十字形记号;叉字形记号”。
辨析:cross, across 与crossing
cross
动词,意为“横过;越过”。
cross = go across
across
介词或副词,意为“横过”。
come across 偶遇
crossing
名词,意为“人行横道;十字路口”。at the crossing 在路口 zebra crossing 斑马线
例:Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
The two roads cross at the traffic lights. 两条路在红绿灯处交叉。
The teacher marked the wrong answers with a red cross. 老师用红色叉号标出了错误答案。
Be careful when going across the busy road—there are many cars. 穿过繁忙的马路时要小心,车很多。
Wait for the green light before using the crossing.使用人行横道前要等绿灯。
5 regular /'reɡjələ(r) / adj. 普通的
regular adj. 意为“普通的”,常用于名词前作定语。regular size 常规尺寸
regular 作形容词的其他词义:
(1) 规则的;有规律的
(2) 经常的;频繁的
regularly adv. 有规律地;定期地;经常
例:The hotel offers both luxury suites and regular rooms. 这家酒店既有豪华套房,也有普通房间。
The moon has a regular cycle of phases.月亮有一个规律的相位周期。
She is a regular customer at this bookstore — she comes at least twice a week. 她是这家书店的常客,每周至少来两次。
Part2 核心短语
make a turn 转弯
make a turn 意为“转弯”,更强调“做出转弯的动作”。
make a left/right turn 左转/ 右转= make a t urn to the left/right = turn left/right
make a s harp turn 急转弯
例:The sign says“No Left Turn”— we can’t make a turn here. 标志写着 “禁止左转”—— 我们不能在这里转弯。
Make a right turn at the second traffic light.在第二个红绿灯处右转。
The car had to make a sharp turn to miss the dog.汽车不得不急转弯避开那只狗。
Part3 核心句式
1 As pedestrians, you should walk on the zebra crossings when crossing the street. 作为行人,过马路时你应该走斑马线。
(1)分析结构:这是一个复合句,As pedestrians 作状语,主语是you,谓语是should walk,介词短语on the zebra crossings 作地点状语,when crossing the street 是一个时间状语从句,相当于when you are crossing the street。
(2)当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句包含“be 动词+ 现在分词”时,可省略主语和be 动词,直接用“when + 现在分词”结构。
例:As bike riders, you should use hand signals when making a turn. = As bike riders, you should use hand signals when you are making a turn.作为骑自行车的人,转弯时应该使用手势。
2 Traffic laws are used to regulate the behaviour of drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists.
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
3 When you are planning to change lanes or make a turn, use your car’s turn signals.
长难句分析:这是一个复合句。主句是一个祈使句,省略主语you,use 是谓语动词,your car’s turn signals 是宾语。When you are planning to change lanes or make a turn 是时间状语从句。
4 Seat belts can protect you and others in case of sudden stops or accidents.
in case of后接名词、代词或动名词,表示“万一;如果发生;假使”
5 You are only allowed to go when there is a green light and you must stop at red lights.
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
6 If you fall or get hit, the helmet will protect your head.
长难句分析:这句话是一个复合句。主句主语为the helmet,谓语为will protect,宾语为your head,If you fall or get hit 是条件状语从句。
7 When making a turn or a stop, use suitable hand signals to let others know what you are going to do.
suitable的动词形式为suit,意为“适合”。常见用法:
(1) be suitable for sb./sth.对某人/某物合适
(2) be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
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