Unit 4 Rules make for a better life!Lesson 3知识清单 2025-2026学年冀教版八年级英语下册

Unit 4 Rules make for a better life!Lesson 3知识清单 Part1核心单词 1 spoken /'spəʊkən/ adj. 口头的；口语的 spoken adj. 意为“口头的；口语的”。常用来修饰名词，强调与“书面的(written) ”相对。 spoken 的常见搭配：(1) a spoken agreement 口头协议 (2) spoken language 口语 (3) spoken English 英语口语 spoken 还可作speak 的过去分词。 例：Spoken words can hurt feelings if you’re not careful. 说话不注意会伤人感情。 French is also a beautiful spoken language.法语也是一种优美的口语语言。 We practice spoken English every morning.我们每天早上练习英语口语。 2 somewhere /'sʌmweə(r) / adv. 在某处 somewhere 为不定副词，意为“在某处”。具体用法：(1) 常用于肯定句和表示委婉语气的问句中。在否定句或疑问句中用anywhere。(2) 其前的介词常省略。(3) 形容词修饰不定副词要后置。 somewhere 还可以作代词，意为“某个地方”。 其他常见的不定副词： (1) everywhere 处处；到处(相当于here and there) (2) nowhere 哪里都不(表示否定意义) (3) anywhere 在任何地方(用于否定句或疑问句中) 例：I must have left my keys somewhere in the house.我肯定把钥匙落在房子的某个地方了。 Could you put the book somewhere on the shelf?你能把书放在书架的某个地方吗？ You’d better keep the medicine somewhere safe, out of the children’s reach. 你最好把药放在安全的地方，远离孩子们的触碰范围。 She’s from somewhere in the north. 她来自北方的某个地方。 3 insult /ɪn'sʌlt/ v. 辱骂；侮辱 n. 侮辱；凌辱；冒犯 insult 作及物动词，意为“辱骂；侮辱”，后接名词、代词作宾语。反义词为respect，意为“尊重”。 insult 还可作名词，意为“侮辱；凌辱；冒犯”。 an insult to sb. 对某人的侮辱。 例：Don't insult your classmates. It's not polite.别辱骂/ 侮辱你的同学，这不礼貌。 She felt insulted by his rude comments.他粗鲁的评论让她觉得受到了侮辱。 Talking back to your parents loudly is an insult.大声和父母顶嘴是一种冒犯。 His words were an insult to my family. 他的话是对我家人的侮辱。 4 test /test/ n.& v. 测试；检验 test n. 意为“测试；检验”，常见搭配： (1) take/have a test 参加考试 (2) pass/fail a test 通过/ 未通过考试 (3) written/oral test 笔试/ 口试 test 还可作动词，意为“测试；检验”。test sb. for sth. 对某人进行某种疾病检查。 辨析：test 与exam test  可作动词和名词，作名词时，指规模小，可能是一节课内的小测，或某个单元的练习。 exam  只可作名词，指规模大，通常覆盖多个单元或整个学期的内容，频率较低(如期中、期末) 。 例：The PE teacher gave us a running test today.体育老师今天让我们进行了跑步测试。 I have a math test tomorrow. 我明天有数学考试。 The doctor will test the patient for diabetes.这个医生会对病人进行糖尿病检查。 Can you help me test this new pen?你能帮我测试/ 检验一下这支新笔吗？ We have to prepare for the mid-term exam next week.我们得准备下周的期中考试。 5 recognise /'rekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认识；意识到 recognise v. 意为“认识；意识到”，用作及物动词。常用搭配： (1) recognise sb./sth. by/from sth. 通过……认出/ 识别出…… (2) recognise sb. as... 承认/ 认可某人为…… 例：She recognised the building as the one she had visited last year.她认出了这座建筑就是她去年参观过的那座。 He recognised the importance of studying hard.他意识到努力学习的重要性。 I recognised the car by its unique license plate.我通过它独特的车牌认出了那辆车。 He is widely recognised as the best student in his class.他在班上被公认为最好的学生。 6 disrespectful /dɪsrɪ'spektfl/ adj. 无礼的；不尊敬的 disrespectful adj. 意为“无礼的；不尊敬的”，be disrespectful to sb. 对某人不尊重。 disrespectful 的相关词汇： respect n. & v. 尊重 respectful adj. 尊重的；有礼貌的 disrespect n. 不尊重；无礼 例：It's not right to be disrespectful to your elders.对长辈不尊重是不对的。 It's important to show respect for cultural differences.尊重文化差异很重要。 It's important to be respectful in school. 在学校里尊重他人很重要。 We should avoid showing disrespect to anyone.我们应该避免对任何人表现出不尊重。 7 western /'westən/ adj. 西方的；西部的 western adj. 意为“西方的；西部的”。主要用于名词前作定语。 western 作形容词，还可意为“西方(国家) 的”，常作Western。常见搭配：(1) Western culture 西方文化 (2) Western food 西餐 western 是由“方位名词west + -ern”构成，类似构成的形容词还有：east → eastern(东方的) south → southern(南方的) north → northern(北方的) 例：The western part of the city has many parks and open spaces.这个城市的西部有许多公园和开放空间。 Western countries have different cultures from Eastern countries. 西方国家的文化与东方国家不同。 I enjoy trying different types of Western food.我喜欢尝试不同类型的西餐。 He walked to the west to find the store. 他向西走去寻找商店。 8 distance /'dɪstəns/ n. 距离；间隔；远方 distance 作名词，意为“距离；间隔；远方”。 keep a distance 保持距离 in the distance 在远处 例：The distance between the two cities is about 200 kilometers.这两个城市之间的距离大约是200 公里 Please keep a distance of at least one meter from each other. 请彼此保持至少一米的距离。 We could see the mountains in the distance.我们能看到远处的山脉。 9 depend /dɪ'pend/ v. 取决于；依靠 depend v. 意为“取决于；依靠”。 depend on 取决于；依靠；信赖 depend 的词形变化： dependent adj. 依赖的 independent adj. 独立的 dependence n. 依靠 independence n. 独立 例：How well you perform depends on your preparation. 你的表现如何取决于你的准备情况。 It depends on your use. 这取决于你的用途。 We must learn to depend on ourselves.我们必须学会依靠我们自己。 Part2 核心短语 in the hallway 在走廊里 in the hallway 意为“在走廊里”，其中hallway 作名词，意为“走廊”。 at the end of the hallway 在走廊的尽头 例：The teacher was standing in the hallway to greet the students.老师站在走廊里迎接学生。 There's a large painting hanging at the end of the hallway. 走廊尽头挂着一幅大画。 Part3 核心句子 1 Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways? Are you allowed to insult others and cheat on tests? (1)yell 作动词时的常见搭配： yell at sb. 对某人大喊大叫 yell out 突然大声喊出。yell 还可作可数名词，意为“喊声；喊叫”。 (2)cheat on tests 考试作弊 2 And on the road, you are required to follow traffic rules. That can keep yourself and others safe. (1)be required to do sth. 被要求做某事 (2)“keep + sb.+ 形容词”让某人一直处于某种状态 3 Unspoken rules are mostly to do with respecting others. be mostly to do with... 大多与……有关 4 When you plan to visit another country, you should find out the differences to avoid being disrespectful. 长难句分析：这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句。主句主语是you，谓语是should find out，宾语是the differences，to avoid being disrespectful 是不定式短语作目的状语。When you plan to visit another country 是时间状语从句。 5 In some places, keeping more distance is seen as rude. rude形容词，“粗鲁的” 常用搭配： (1) be rude to sb.对某人无礼 (2) it's rude to do sth.做某事是不礼貌的 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $