专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，湖南专用）高一英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南怀化·期中） In recent years, gene editing has appeared as one of the most groundbreaking and argue-about fields in modern science. At its core, gene editing involves the strict operation of an organism’s DNA, allowing scientists to add, remove, or modify genetic material. The potential benefits of gene editing are vast. In the medical field, it holds the promise of treating and even curing genetic diseases, offering hope to patients who previously had few treatment options. Beyond treating diseases, gene editing could also play a crucial role in agriculture. Scientists could potentially edit the genes of crops to make them more resistant to pests, droughts, or extreme temperatures. This would not only increase food production but also reduce the need for harmful pesticides and herbicides. Crops could be engineered to have higher nutritional value, addressing issues of malnutrition in many parts of the world. However, gene editing is not without its risks. One of the major concerns is the issue of “off-target effects.” When using tools like CRISPR-Cas9, there is a possibility that they may cut DNA at unintended locations. These off-target cuts could lead to unforeseen genetic changes, potentially causing new health problems, such as an increased risk of cancer. Another significant concern is the concept of “designer babies.” There is a fear that gene editing could be used not just to treat diseases but also to improve certain characteristics in humans. Parents might be able to select for characteristics such as intelligence, height, or eye color. This raises questions about the fairness of access to such technology. Furthermore, there are long-term ecological risks associated with gene editing. If gene-edited organisms are released into the environment, they could potentially interact with wild populations in unpredictable ways. For instance, a gene-edited pest-resistant plant might have unforeseen effects on the insects that rely on it for food, destroying entire ecosystems. As gene editing technology continues to develop, it is essential that scientists, policymakers, and society as a whole engage in a comprehensive and ongoing discussion. Striking the right balance between using the potential benefits of gene editing and reducing its risks will be crucial for the future of this powerful technology. 1．What does the underlined word “malnutrition” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．poor nutrition B．cancer C．flood D．education quality 2．Which is a potential benefit of gene editing? A．Causing off-target effects in human genes. B．Treating genetic diseases and improving crop quality. C．Creating “designer babies” with selected characteristics. D．Destroying ecosystems when gene-edited organisms are released. 3．What does the author think about the future of gene editing? A．It should be completely banned due to its risks. B．Scientists should develop it without any restrictions. C．Society needs to discuss to balance its benefits and risks. D．Only wealthy countries should be allowed to use this technology. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Risks of Gene Editing B．The Wonders of Gene Editing C．Gene Editing: Benefits and Risks D．Gene Editing in Agriculture and Medicine Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期中） It is sometimes said that strange flying objects have been seen high up in the sky. People call these strange objects Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO). These UFOs caused a lot of interest. Some of the reports about them are difficult to believe. Some have been explained in scientific ways. Others have never been explained. Here is an account of UFOs from a report. Dennis Burdens, who wrote an article, tells us that he once saw a UFO himself. He was having dinner one night with a friend near Tripoli, Libya, and after dinner the two men walked across a yard to his room to look at some papers. Burdens noticed that the moon looked strange that night. “It wasn’t the moon,” was the reply. They watched the light and saw that it was moving. It seemed to be an object rather like a big plate. In some ways it looked like smoke with a light on it, but it wasn’t smoke because it didn’t change its shape. It was moving in a regular way. That is to say, it didn’t go suddenly faster or more slowly, and it didn’t go higher or lower. So the two men decided that there must be men in it. After that, Burdens said that he felt eyes looking at him. He was being watched in the darkness. When it was nearer, they noticed that the bottom parts were brighter than the top. The bottom was yellow and the top red. Then the object suddenly turned away and left Libya, moving very fast. On a later day Burdens talked to other people about it, and he found some who had seen it. They all described it in the same way. Could they all be mistaken? 1．UFOs are ______. A．flying high up in the sky B．strange flying objects C．difficult to believe D．very interesting 2．A UFO was seen one night ______. A．when they were walking across a yard to Burdens’ room B．while they were looking at the light C．when Burdens noticed the moon appearing strange D．while they were having dinner 3．The UFO looked like ______. A．smoke B．a large plate C．light D．a jumping object 4．The UFO was seen ______. A．only by Burdens and his friend B．brighter in the darkness C．by several people D．to have a red bottom and a yellow top in the same way Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南怀化·期中） If you are a history fan, especially interested in the Ming Dynasty, you will like the exhibition of Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty in Beijing. It’s called an exhibition but in practice it’s more like a grand museum. The exhibition will run until August 29. And it will exhibit many historical works and cultural relics of the Ming Dynasty, so it’s an opportunity that shouldn’t be missed to gain more knowledge about the Ming Dynasty. This exhibition brings together 137 exhibits from many cultural and historical institutions, covering various categories such as royal gold and silver ware, bamboo and wood ware, calligraphy and painting. As visitors enter the exhibition hall, they can not miss a large blue-and-white china jar, which is the largest exhibit on display. Actually, the jar is a burial object. It is being shown to the public for the first time. At this exhibition, a gold crown (王冠) has its own display cupboard. The crown, the only existing gold crown once worn by an emperor in China, is one of the most precious relics in the collection. The most amazing aspect is its craftsmanship. It is made of 852 threads of gold wire, each measuring just 0.2 mm in diameter (直径). All of the threads were woven by hand, using a variety of techniques such as wire cutting and arranging. At this event, you can meet experts in history and discuss your viewpoints and knowledge about the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the exhibition provides a platform for people to know and appreciate the historical significance and achievement of the dynasty. Cultural relics are generated by human history and record the footprints of our ancestors. These cultural relics are valuable wealth left by our ancestors to future generations, and have important practical significance for our real society. 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To define a new concept. B．To make a summary. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 17．What can we learn about the crown? A．It is a rare burial object of a prince. B．It shows excellent craftsmanship. C．It is displayed in a collective cupboard. D．It is the largest gold exhibit in the collection. 2．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Our ancestors are full of wisdom. B．Future generations will live a better life. C．Human history should be well-recorded. D．Cultural relics are meaningful to our society. 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a history book. B．In a novel. C．In a biography. D．In a newspaper. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） The government of the Marshall Islands has protected a huge area of ocean around two remote atolls (偏远环礁). This measure is intended to protect important marine (海洋的) and bird life. The government says this is their first marine protected area (MPA), but it won’t be their last. The new MPA sets aside 48,000 square kilometers of ocean where no fishing is allowed. That’s larger than the area of Denmark or the Netherlands. The protected area surrounds two remote atolls: Bikar Atoll and Bokak Atoll. No one lives on the two atolls, which are far away from the rest of the Marshall Islands, so the oceans around them are in excellent shape. In 2023, scientists from National Geographic’ s Pristine Seas project worked with experts in the Marshall Islands to study the area that’s now protected. The group made 452 dives and spent over 640 hours underwater. Enric Sala, who started the Pristine Seas project, calls the area a “time machine” and says that the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) around the atolls are so healthy that diving there is “like diving in the ocean of 1.000 years ago”. The underwater life near the atolls includes different kinds of fish and many deepsea sharks. The researchers say that there may even be marine life there that scientists have never seen before. Moreover, the area contains the largest nesting (筑巢) site for green turtles in the Marshall Islands. It hosts more seabirds than any other place in the country. The government of the Marshall Islands believes protecting sea life in this large area will also help marine life outside the protected area. And that will help local fishermen and others who depend on the sea. “Our future depends on protecting our ocean.” says Glen Joseph, who leads the group responsible for protecting the waters of the Marshall Islands. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．The MPA is too huge to be protected effectively. B．The government aims at protecting distant atolls. C．The marine life of the Marshall Islands has been damaged. D．The government has a long-term strategy for marine protection. 2．What does the description of the area as a “time machine” suggest? A．The marine life there is ancient. B．The area is in need of protection. C．The coral reefs there are in good condition. D．The atolls have changed a lot over the years. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the fourth paragraph? A．To show the necessity of establishing the MPA． B．To prove the area is home to unique marine species. C．To draw scientists’ attention to the Marshall Islands. D．To explain the importance of marine life to this area. 4．What does the government of the Marshall Islands agree with? A．The ocean’s health is related to the human livelihoods. B．The economy of the Marshall Islands depends on sea life. C．Marine protection requires the efforts of the whole society. D．Local fishermen should be responsible for marine protection. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南永州·期中） NASA’s Lunar Third Generation Partnership (3GPP) is researching how to bring wireless technologies to the Moon, but significant challenges remain. Extreme temperatures and radiation can damage commercial-grade electronics, and adapting complex 4G and 5G systems for the lunar surface is a major undertaking. “We still have much to learn about the lunar surface radio frequency propagation (传播) environment,” says Raymond Wagner, principal investigator of the Lunar 3GPP project. Once operational, these systems will allow astronauts to communicate reliably with rovers, instruments, and crew members, while efficiently transmitting data back to Earth through a single link. To address these challenges, NASA is developing relay satellites as part of its Lunar Communications Relay and Navigation Systems project. The European Space Agency (ESA), a key Artemis mission partner, is also contributing through its Moonlight programme. ESA plans to create a network of three or four communications and data-relay satellites, similar to Earth’s GPS. The first step is the Lunar Pathfinder mission in 2025, which will test the necessary technology. ESA’s navigation payload will be onboard, and NASA will share instruments and access lunar relay services. By combining these efforts with radio ranging, the project will gather location data to explore how a Moonlight-like navigation system could be carried out, laying the groundwork for a future lunar project. Wagner highlights the rapid advancements in mobile communications on Earth over the past two decades and expresses optimism about bringing similar technologies to the Moon. “If we reliably deploy (利用) those same conveniences to the Moon, we’ll be in great shape,” he says. “These efforts aim to create a strong communication network to support safer and more efficient lunar missions, paving the way for future exploration and potential settlements.” In summary, NASA and ESA are developing relay satellites and testing new technologies to overcome lunar communication challenges. Projects like Lunar Pathfinder and Moonlight aim to establish a reliable network for astronauts and equipment, enabling efficient data transmission and navigation. As Wagner notes, advancements in Earth’s mobile communications serve as a model for lunar systems, bringing us closer to safer, more efficient, and better-connected lunar missions. 1．What challenges does the 3GPP project face? A．Lack of electronics. B．Extreme lunar conditions. C．Complexity of 5G systems. D．Unstable radio signals. 2．What is ESA’s plan in the lunar project? A．Sharing devices with NASA． B．Developing Earth’s GPS systems. C．Creating satellite networks. D．Achieving Artemis mission goals. 3．What is Wagner’s attitude toward lunar communication systems? A．Optimistic. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Talking On The Moon. B．Starting Lunar Exploration. C．Building Relay Satellites. D．Testing Communicative Tech. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） When Genentech, a highly influential Swedish medical company, got the license for the lung-treating medicine Vixarelimab from another company, Artificial Intelligence (AI) brought an unexpected discovery: the drug could also be effective in treating inflammatory bowel disease. This vividly shows the amazing potential of AI in the field of drug research and development(R&D). The application of AI in the industry is on an upward tendency. Data (数据) from the Boston Consulting Group shows the number of clinical (临床的) experiments using AI in finding and designing molecules — the key stages of drug R&D — has jumped to 67 in 2023 from only 27 in 2021. AstraZeneca, British drug giant, is a good example of AI’s influence. The company used AI to cut the time for molecule design from years to just months or even weeks. Similarly, London-based GSK has recognized the potential of AI across its entire R&D process. However, the path to fully integrating AI into medical R&D is anything but even. “There is a data problem, a people problem and a bit of a strategy problem,” said Thomas Clozel, CEO and co-founder of Owkin, a Paris-based company that applies AI to medical research. Acquiring data and AI skills is among the key factors medical companies are facing to unlock the technology’s potential. Clozel noted medical companies’ focus on short-term results and their difficulties in attracting and keeping data scientists influence the industry’s embrace of AI. To overcome these problems, medical companies are forming partnerships with AI experts to employ AI technology in their operations. Eli Lilly, Moderna, and Sanofi have joined forces with ChatGPT’s developer, OpenAI. Meanwhile, Novartis and Eli Lilly have teamed up with Isomorphic Labs, a company founded and led by Nobel Prize winner Demis Hassabis and owned by Alphabet. While the application of AI in this field is still at its early stage and may take years to fully realize its potential, medical companies are highly keen to improve the long and costly drug-development process with AI, finally leading to more efficient and effective drug discoveries. 1．According to the article, what did AI discover about Vixarelimab? A．Vixarelimab got the license for drug R&D． B．Vixarelimab is ineffective for lung diseases. C．Vixarelimab has an amazing potential to influence AI. D．Vixarelimab can treat another disease besides lung problems. 2．What can we infer from the change of clinical experiments with AI? A．Medical companies are losing interest in AI. B．AI has not shown advantages in clinical experiments as expected. C．The application of AI in the medical industry is becoming increasingly popular. D．AI has replaced the traditional methods in drug development. 3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A．The way to the medical companies is easy to find with the help of AI. B．The process of using AI in medical R&D is smooth. C．The problems in embracing AI are even bigger for medical industry. D．The journey of applying AI to medical industry is filled with challenges. 4．What does the writer think about the future of AI in the medical industry? A．AI will never be successfully applied in the medical industry. B．Medical companies will stop partnering with the AI experts. C．AI will have great potential in this industry despite all the challenges. D．Drug R&D process will be made longer and more costly with AI. 主题03 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期中） Ask most folks who came up with the theory of evolution (进化), and they’ll tell you it was Charles Darwin. In fact, Alfred Russel Wallace, another British naturalist, was a co­-discoverer of the theory — though Darwin has gotten most of the credit. Actually, Wallace outlived Darwin by 17 years, long enough to see evolutionary theory gain acceptance. Wallace developed his most important ideas about natural selection during an eight-­year expedition (探险) to what was then the Dutch East Indies — modern­-day Indonesia — to observe wildlife and collect specimens (标本). Few places on earth can match this region’s tremendous diversity of plant and animal life. Wallace collected more than 100,000 insect, bird and animal specimens, which he gave to British museums. By 1855, Wallace had come to the conclusion that living things evolve. But he didn’t figure out how until one night three years later. He was on the island of Halmahera, ill with a fever, when it came to him: Animals evolve by adapting to their environment. As soon as he could, Wallace wrote his theory down in a nine-­page paper, says Tony Whitten, a Wallace expert. “He sent that to Darwin, as an older mentor (导师), if you like, to have a peer review before publication” Whitten says. Darwin had reached the same conclusion years earlier, and Wallace’s letter inspired him to act. The two men published a joint paper in 1858, arguing the theory of evolution and natural selection. It shook mankind’s assumptions about its origins. The following year, Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species and rose to fame. Over time, however, Wallace faded from the public memory. 32．How did Wallace develop his ideas about natural selection? A．By travelling around the world. B．By studying specimens in the museums. C．By researching wild animals and plants. D．By debating with other scientists. 33．Why did Wallace send his paper to Darwin? A．To claim authorship of the study. B．To ask for financial support. C．To challenge Darwin’s opinion. D．To seek feedback before publication. 34．What happened after the joint paper was published? A．People began to doubt their origin. B．The two scientists became well­known. C．Darwin arrived at the same conclusion. D．They immediately co­authored another book. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．The Untold Story of Charles Darwin. B．The Other Man Behind Evolutionary Theory. C．The Development of the Theory of Evolution. D．The Expedition That Changed the World. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） How AI Helps Basketball Teams Play Smarter Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing how basketball teams train and play. A top NBA team once used AI to create a special defense strategy that helped them win a champonship. Though no one will say which team did it, experts agree AI made a big difference. Since 2013, special cameras in every NBA arena track players’ movements. These cameras show not just where players run, but even how their elbows and knees move. This helps coaches study moves like “high - quality defensive blocks” — when defenders quickly block shooters. Teams use this data to practice better plans. In the 2010s, teams like Houston, Golden State, and Oklahoma City started using AI first. Now, Oklahoma City leads the league by forcing other teams to make mistakes while avoiding mistakes themselves. AI helps teams pick the best player combinations and find winning strategies. While AI can’t turn weak teams into champions, it can help good teams win a few more games. The data has also changed how basketball is played. Games are faster, and players shoot more three - pointers than ever — double the attempts from 15 years ago. Some players think this makes games less creative, but they admit winning requires following what works. The NBA is testing AI for referees (裁判), too. Soon, cameras might instantly decide who touched a ball last when it goes out of bounds, reducing mistakes. They’re also creating thaumaturgic fan experiences, like video-game-style broadcasts where cartoon players copy real actions. Though teams keep their AI methods secret, experts say basketball will keep changing with technology. As one analyst said, “The next step is turning all this data into simple tips players can use.” From smarter defenses to faster games, AI is making basketball more exciting for everyone! 1．What is the primary role of AI in basketball training? A．Develop effective game plans. B．Design new training equipment. C．Analyze fan behavior for promotions. D．Monitor players’ health during games. 37．Why do players stick to proven strategies? A．To show creativity. B．To increase game speed. C．To reduce personal mistakes. D．To secure victories in matches. 2．What does the underlined word “thaumaturgic” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Simple. B．Exciting. C．Boring. D．Lifelike. 3．What do teams hide about their AI usage? A．Where to set special cameras. B．Game schedule arrangements. C．Specific technical approaches. D．What experts and analysts said. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南永州·期中） Freedom generally refers to the ability to act, speak, think, or live without unreasonable limitation, yet its definition and ranges are often debated. The 20th-century philosopher Isaiah Berlin distinguished between “negative freedom” and “positive freedom”. Let’s take Steve for example, who is sitting with a glass of wine in front of him. No one is holding a gun to his head, telling him to drink. He is free to do as he pleases. But Steve is an alcoholic. He knows it’s bad for him, but he can’t help himself. He stretches out his trembling hand and lifts the glass to his lips. Two very different kinds of freedom are at play here. We often think of freedom as the absence of external restriction: you are free so long as there is nothing preventing you from doing what you want. This is what Berlin calls “negative freedom”; it is negative in that it is defined by what is absent — any form of limit or outside disturbance. In this sense Steve, the drinker, is completely free. But Steve can’t help himself. He is forced to drink, even though he knows his interests would be better served by not doing so. He is not fully in control of himself and his fortune is not fully in his own hands. To the extent that he is driven to drink, he has no choice and is not free. While negative freedom is freedom from external interference (干涉), positive freedom is usually described as freedom to achieve certain ends; as a form of empowerment that allows an individual to realize his or her potential, to achieve a particular vision of self-realization and to reach a state of self-mastery. To return to Steve: the part of him that properly understands his best interests is assumed to be the higher, more reasonable self. If he is incapable himself of encouraging this part to succeed, perhaps he needs some outside help — from people who are wiser than he and better able to see how he should act. 1．Why does the author mention Steve’s story in paragraph 1? A．To criticize alcoholics for lacking self-discipline. B．To clarify Berlin’s understanding of personal interests. C．To show coexistence of two different sorts of freedom. D．To argue the necessity of external restrictions for freedom. 2．What does the underlined phrase “external restriction” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Interests of one’s own. B．Personal preference. C．Limits from outside forces. D．A state of self-control. 42．What is “positive freedom” in Berlin’s philosophy? A．Freedom without any limitations. B．Freedom to ignore personal interests. C．Freedom to behave without thinking. D．Freedom to act in line with one’s reason. 3．How could Steve possibly achieve positive freedom according to the last paragraph? A．By asking for outside guidance. B．By understanding his interests better. C．By setting higher standards for himself. D．By getting more reason to control himself. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） Fromancient epics (史诗) like Homer’s The Iliad, which recorded the heroism and tragedy of the Trojan War, to modern novels like All Quiet on the Western Front or The Things They Carried, war narratives (叙事) often focus on the human cost of battle. As is known to us all, before a war, stories might center on romance, family, or nature adventure. However, once war suddenly breaks out, the focus changes accordingly. Writers and storytellers begin to present the real emotions of fear, loss, and survival. The tone (语气) becomes darker and tends to examine inner feelings, as the characters struggle with hard choices, sufferings, and the uncertainty of life in the middle of destruction. Personally, I think war doesn’t just change how stories are told; it also changes what stories are told. Themes of heroism, common in pre-war literature, give way to themes of disappointment, loss of innocence, and the questioning of authority, making people aware of the real society in war literature. Both soldiers returning from war and other people often struggle to fit back into a society that no longer understands their experiences, which serves as a powerful theme in post-war literature. For example, in J.D．Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the loneliness of Holden Caulfield can be seen as a reflection of post-World War II society, where many people including Holden Caulfield hated wars and felt isolated due to the horrors they had observed. Stories are not only a way to document history; they are also a way for people to process sufferings. War is disastrous, and for those who have lived through it, literature often becomes a tool for curing. Writing allows authors to process their pain, sadness, and confusion. For readers, stories about war offer a way to understand reality and they can find themselves relating to the struggles of others so that they can be inspired by those characters. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The various reasons of war breakout. B．The bad outcomes of war expansion. C．The role of wars in literary revolution. D．The influence of wars on storytelling. 2．What kind of topic is a hit in war literature? A．Heroism. B．Romanticism. C．Realism. D．Collectivism. 3．What does the underlined word “isolated” mean in paragraph 3? A．Peaceful. B．Separated. C．Proud. D．Angry. 4．Why does literature become a tool for curing? A．It helps writers see positive sides. B．It makes readers ignore the reality. C．It well connects writers with readers. D．It serves both writers and readers well. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） A kid from Ghana has officially been recognized as the world’s youngest male artist. Guinness World Records acknowledged Ace-Liam Nana Sam Ankrah when he was just one year and 152 days old. The little boy began painting at the age of six months, when his remarkable talent became clear. His mother Chantelle, also an artist, was surprised to find her son had artistic talent from that young age. She explained how he started painting. Chantelle was given the task of designing a work for Miss Universe 2023. While she was working, she gave Ace-Liam a canvas (油画布) and some paint. She said he clearly showed a strong interest in colours as he explored the canvas. Chantelle named his first piece “The Crawl”. Ace-Liam is attracting attention across the art world. His work was exhibited at Ghana’s Museum of Science in January. Nine of the 10 pieces on show at that exhibition were sold. Art lovers have bought a further six of his paintings this year. Even Ghana’s first lady Rebecca Akufo-Addo asked the little boy to create a piece for her. Chantelle said her son is making waves with his artistic talent. She said: “He has created a buzz and encouraged deeper conversations about art appreciation.” She also mentioned that his abstract paintings were inspired by the world around him—colours, shapes, textures and his mood. Guinness remarked: “There is no doubt that Ace-Liam has an exciting career ahead of him, and we can’t wait to see what comes next.” 1．What can be inferred about Ace-Liam’s mother from the passage? A．She forced him to learn painting for fame. B．She discouraged him from studying art. C．She designed his first artwork “The Crawl”. D．She discovered his talent by accident. 2．Why does the author mention many of Ace-Liam’s pieces were sold? A．To show the high value of children’s art. B．To prove his artistic talent is widely recognized. C．To stress the museum’s profit-making goal. D．To compare his talent with adult artists. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Ace-Liam’s artworks? A．All of his paintings shown at the exhibition in January were sold. B．His paintings are mainly realistic works about daily life. C．His abstract paintings draw inspiration from his surroundings. D．His artworks have only been sold in Ghana so far. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The World’s Youngest Male Artist in Guinness B．Exploration of Abstract Painting Techniques C．The Role of Parents in Child Artists’ Success D．A Famous Art Exhibition in Ghana Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南娄底·期中） The “24 solar terms” (节气) originated and was first used in China. It was created thousands of years ago on the basis of practical needs of agricultural. Ancient Chinese people used it to guide agricultural production, explain special climate signs and even come up with healthy living tips. Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCO’s world cultural heritage list (联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录). Now, it has been brought to life thanks to a creative designer from Southwest China’s Guizhou Province. On the eve of this year’s Qingming Festival, Shi Changhong released (发布) his version of reproduced and packaged characters for each solar term in the form of (moving art) of gifs. Since their first release on Zcool on March 29, the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period. To maximize publicity, Shi released his work in three forms: the video, the animation and pictures. The background sounds add to the brilliance. “When I watch the short video, I can strongly feel the Chinese-style elements hidden in it. And it is really cool to live n up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way.” WeChat user Xiao Feifei said. “It is really a comfort to me to see so many people like my latest work. To be honest, it would really surprise me if the work had not aroused great interest among Chinese people. The 24 solar terms is a deeply rooted concept that covers the essence of Chinese wisdom. However, only a small portion of people know all the names or the correct order of those terms. My intention is to increase Chinese people’s self-awareness to learn more about our traditional fine culture. Actually, the 24 solar terms work is only a part of my whole design program ‘Charm China’, which I started a year ago.” Shi told China Daily. 1．What do you think the underlined word “Zcool” refers to? A．Newspaper. B．Magazine. C．Radio broadcast. D．Website. 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．The background sounds of the work make the video more attractive. B．It really surprised Shi Changhong to see so many people like his latest work. C．Most people know all the names or the correct order of the 24 solar terms. D．The 24 solar terms work designed by Shi Changhong was added to UNESCO’s heritage list. 3．Which part of the newspaper does the text probably belong to? A．Travel. B．Culture. C．Agriculture. D．Education. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a creative designer. B．To introduce the 24 solar terms work. C．To introduce the origin of the 24 solar terms. D．To introduce a design program “Charm China”. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期中） Decades ago, many scientists believed that drinking coffee was bad for your health. But their attitude towards coffee has experienced a remarkable change. Study after study has found that enjoying a daily cup or two of coffee may lengthen your life span and lower risk for certain diseases. One of the most striking findings is that coffee drinkers are less likely to develop Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病)． Many large studies have found that people who drink three to four cups of coffee daily have about a 25 percent lower risk of the disease compared with people who drink little or no coffee. The likelihood of developing diabetes decreases about 6 percent for each cup of coffee you consume daily — but only up to about six cups. There are reasons to believe that the findings are not a false impression. Coffee’s protective effect against diabetes persists even when scientists take lifestyle behaviors into account. The effect has been found in dozens of studies involving more than a million participants across Europe, North America and Asia. It’s been found in women and men, in young and old people, in smokers and nonsmokers, and in people with and without obesity. Coffee is more than just a delivery system for caffeine (咖啡因). It has hundreds of other compounds (化合物) that can have surprising effects on our body. One of the most powerful compounds in coffee is chlorogenic acid (绿原酸), which has been shown in some studies to improve blood sugar control. Studies indicate that these effects occur throughout the body, but in particular in the cells of the pancreas (胰腺), which play a critical role in the development of Type 2 diabetes. If you don’t drink coffee and don’t particularly enjoy it, then don’t feel pressure to start. But for those who do drink it daily, it’s nice to know that your morning coffee — in addition to tasting delicious and lifting your spirits — may be doing more for your health. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Consuming too much coffee is harmful. B．How people drink coffee has changed dramatically. C．Three cups of coffee daily is most advisable. D．Coffee drinking may help relieve some diseases. 2．Why does the author mention the studies across the world? A．To prove coffee’s health benefits. B．To stress the popularity of coffee. C．To explore various lifestyle behaviors. D．To take age and gender into account. 3．How does drinking coffee lower the risk of diabetes? A．By producing few side effects. B．By bettering blood sugar control. C．By generating cells in the pancreas. D．By delivering caffeine throughout the body. 4．What message does the author want to convey? A．Drinking coffee may be stressful. B．Better drink coffee late than never. C．Morning is the best time for coffee. D．Appreciate the benefits of drinking coffee. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） Bali is a tiny island that is part of Indonesia (印度尼西亚) today. It is a pretty island that has many mountains and a pleasant climate. For a long time, Bali was cut off from much of the world. The people of Bali were happy and had a peaceful life. They were not allowed to fight. At one time there had been terrible wars on Bali.Then the people decided it was wrong to fight or have wars. They made rules to keep apart those people who wanted to fight. Bali was divided into seven small kingdoms. The land around each kingdom was kept empty, and no one lived there. Since the kingdoms did not share the same borders (边界), the people could not fight about them. On Bali, even children were not allowed to fight. If two children started a fight over a toy, someone separated them. When two boys argued, they would agree not to speak to each other.Sometimes they did not talk together for months; this gave the boys a chance to forget their anger. Families who were angry with each other also promised not to speak. Their promise was written down, and the whole village knew about it. If they broke their promise, they had to offer gifts to their gods. 1．Bali is an island belonging to _________. A．Europe B．Africa C．Asia D．America 2．The people of Bali _________ . A．lived a happy and peaceful life B．fought for a long time C．is cut off from much of the world D．quarreled about their borders 3．How did the people of Bali prevent fighting from breaking out? A．They shared the same borders. B．The island was divided into seven kingdoms. C．They made strict rules to punish those who wanted to fight. D．Land was kept empty around each kingdom and no one lived there. 4．Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A．Bali is a beautiful island with many mountains and nice weather. B．People had to offer gifts to the villagers if they broke their promise. C．At one time there were terrible wars on the island. D．You’ll hardly see children fighting on the island. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南怀化·期中） Costa Rica is a popular tourist destination known for its excellent natural beauty and rich biodiversity. Breathtaking Beaches Costa Rica has numerous beautiful beaches along its Pacific and Caribbean coasts. The beaches of Manuel Antonio are famous for their white-sand shores and clear blue waters. It’s an ideal place for sunbathing, swimming, and surfing. In Playa Conchal, on the other hand, the surface of the beach is filled with shells of different shapes, sizes, and colors, creating a unique and picturesque scene. Lush Rainforests The country is covered with dense rainforests that are home to a wide variety of wildlife. In the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, visitors can walk through hanging bridges and observe rare species of birds, monkeys, and other animals. The Corcovado National Park is also a must-visit, offering opportunities for jungle backpacking and wildlife spotting. Volcanic Activities Costa Rica has several active volcanoes. Arenal Volcano is one of the most famous. Visitors can enjoy hot springs heated by the volcano’s activity and take fixes around the volcano to witness its power. Pods Volcano, on the other hand, has a large hole in the top of a volcano filled with a colorful acidic lake, which is a fascinating sight. Cultural Experiences In addition to its natural attractions, Costa Rica offers rich cultural experiences. Traditional festivals feature parades, music, and dance, providing a glimpse into the country’s cultural heritage. Whether you’re seeking adventure in the rainforests, relaxation on the beaches, or a taste of local culture, Costa Rica has something for everyone. It truly is a tropical paradise that attracts tourists from all over the world. 1．Which of the following may be famous for its shell-covered beach? A．Manuel Antonio. B．Playa Conchal. C．Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve. D．Corcovado National Park. 2．What can visitors do at Arenal Volcano? A．Walk through hanging bridges. B．Take hikes in the jungle. C．Take pleasure in hot springs. D．See a colorful acidic lake. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the tourist attractions in Costa Rica. B．To promote Costa Rica’s famous cultural heritage. C．To encourage people to visit Costa Rica’s rainforests. D．To compare different beaches and volcanoes in Costa Rica. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南怀化·期中） In recent years, gene editing has appeared as one of the most groundbreaking and argue-about fields in modern science. At its core, gene editing involves the strict operation of an organism’s DNA, allowing scientists to add, remove, or modify genetic material. The potential benefits of gene editing are vast. In the medical field, it holds the promise of treating and even curing genetic diseases, offering hope to patients who previously had few treatment options. Beyond treating diseases, gene editing could also play a crucial role in agriculture. Scientists could potentially edit the genes of crops to make them more resistant to pests, droughts, or extreme temperatures. This would not only increase food production but also reduce the need for harmful pesticides and herbicides. Crops could be engineered to have higher nutritional value, addressing issues of malnutrition in many parts of the world. However, gene editing is not without its risks. One of the major concerns is the issue of “off-target effects.” When using tools like CRISPR-Cas9, there is a possibility that they may cut DNA at unintended locations. These off-target cuts could lead to unforeseen genetic changes, potentially causing new health problems, such as an increased risk of cancer. Another significant concern is the concept of “designer babies.” There is a fear that gene editing could be used not just to treat diseases but also to improve certain characteristics in humans. Parents might be able to select for characteristics such as intelligence, height, or eye color. This raises questions about the fairness of access to such technology. Furthermore, there are long-term ecological risks associated with gene editing. If gene-edited organisms are released into the environment, they could potentially interact with wild populations in unpredictable ways. For instance, a gene-edited pest-resistant plant might have unforeseen effects on the insects that rely on it for food, destroying entire ecosystems. As gene editing technology continues to develop, it is essential that scientists, policymakers, and society as a whole engage in a comprehensive and ongoing discussion. Striking the right balance between using the potential benefits of gene editing and reducing its risks will be crucial for the future of this powerful technology. 1．What does the underlined word “malnutrition” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．poor nutrition B．cancer C．flood D．education quality 2．Which is a potential benefit of gene editing? A．Causing off-target effects in human genes. B．Treating genetic diseases and improving crop quality. C．Creating “designer babies” with selected characteristics. D．Destroying ecosystems when gene-edited organisms are released. 3．What does the author think about the future of gene editing? A．It should be completely banned due to its risks. B．Scientists should develop it without any restrictions. C．Society needs to discuss to balance its benefits and risks. D．Only wealthy countries should be allowed to use this technology. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Risks of Gene Editing B．The Wonders of Gene Editing C．Gene Editing: Benefits and Risks D．Gene Editing in Agriculture and Medicine 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了基因编辑技术的潜在益处和伴随的风险，并强调需要平衡其利弊。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文的“Crops could be engineered to have higher nutritional value(作物可以被改造成具有更高的营养价值)”可知，通过基因编辑使作物具有更高的营养价值，目的是解决世界许多地方存在的相关问题，结合语境，这里应该是解决营养方面的问题，即营养不良。所以划线单词malnutrition的意义为“营养不良”，与poor nutrition意义一致。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the medical field, it holds the promise of treating and even curing genetic diseases, offering hope to patients who previously had few treatment options.(在医学领域，它有望治疗甚至治愈遗传疾病，为以前几乎没有治疗选择的患者带来希望。)”以及“Scientists could potentially edit the genes of crops to make them more resistant to pests, droughts, or extreme temperatures. This would not only increase food production but also reduce the need for harmful pesticides and herbicides.(科学家们可能会编辑农作物的基因，使它们更能抵抗害虫、干旱或极端温度。这不仅会增加粮食产量，还会减少对有害农药和除草剂的需求。)”可知，基因编辑的潜在好处包括治疗遗传病和提高作物质量。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As gene editing technology continues to develop, it is essential that scientists, policymakers, and society as a whole engage in a comprehensive and ongoing discussion. Striking the right balance between using the potential benefits of gene editing and reducing its risks will be crucial for the future of this powerful technology(随着基因编辑技术的不断发展，科学家、政策制定者和整个社会必须进行全面和持续的讨论。在利用基因编辑的潜在好处和降低风险之间取得适当的平衡，对这项强大技术的未来至关重要)”可知，作者认为社会需要进行讨论以平衡基因编辑的利弊。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。文章既阐述了基因编辑的潜在好处，如医学和农业方面的应用，又指出了其存在的风险，如脱靶效应、“设计婴儿”和生态风险等，所以C项“Gene Editing: Benefits and Risks(基因编辑：利弊并存)”能全面概括文章内容。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期中） It is sometimes said that strange flying objects have been seen high up in the sky. People call these strange objects Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO). These UFOs caused a lot of interest. Some of the reports about them are difficult to believe. Some have been explained in scientific ways. Others have never been explained. Here is an account of UFOs from a report. Dennis Burdens, who wrote an article, tells us that he once saw a UFO himself. He was having dinner one night with a friend near Tripoli, Libya, and after dinner the two men walked across a yard to his room to look at some papers. Burdens noticed that the moon looked strange that night. “It wasn’t the moon,” was the reply. They watched the light and saw that it was moving. It seemed to be an object rather like a big plate. In some ways it looked like smoke with a light on it, but it wasn’t smoke because it didn’t change its shape. It was moving in a regular way. That is to say, it didn’t go suddenly faster or more slowly, and it didn’t go higher or lower. So the two men decided that there must be men in it. After that, Burdens said that he felt eyes looking at him. He was being watched in the darkness. When it was nearer, they noticed that the bottom parts were brighter than the top. The bottom was yellow and the top red. Then the object suddenly turned away and left Libya, moving very fast. On a later day Burdens talked to other people about it, and he found some who had seen it. They all described it in the same way. Could they all be mistaken? 1．UFOs are ______. A．flying high up in the sky B．strange flying objects C．difficult to believe D．very interesting 2．A UFO was seen one night ______. A．when they were walking across a yard to Burdens’ room B．while they were looking at the light C．when Burdens noticed the moon appearing strange D．while they were having dinner 3．The UFO looked like ______. A．smoke B．a large plate C．light D．a jumping object 4．The UFO was seen ______. A．only by Burdens and his friend B．brighter in the darkness C．by several people D．to have a red bottom and a yellow top in the same way 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，通过 Dennis Burdens 的经历讲述了 UFO 事件，同时提及其他人也见过类似 UFO，引发对 UFO 现象的探讨。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段 “It is sometimes said that strange flying objects have been seen high up in the sky. People call these strange objects Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO).(据说有时会看到奇怪的飞行物在高空。人们把这些奇怪的物体称为不明飞行物（UFO）)” 可知，UFO 是奇怪的飞行物。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段 “He was having dinner one night with a friend near Tripoli, Libya, and after dinner the two men walked across a yard to his room to look at some papers. Burdens noticed that the moon looked strange that night.(一天晚上，他和一个朋友在利比亚的黎波里附近吃晚饭，晚饭后，两人穿过一个院子去他的房间看一些文件。Burdens 注意到那天晚上的月亮看起来很奇怪)” 以及后续描述可知，是在他们穿过院子去 Burdens 房间时看到了 UFO。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段 “It seemed to be an object rather like a big plate.(它看起来像是一个很像大盘子的物体)” 可知，UFO 看起来像一个大盘子。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段 “On a later day Burdens talked to other people about it, and he found some who had seen it. They all described it in the same way.(后来有一天，Burdens 和其他人谈论这件事，他发现一些人也看到过它。他们都以同样的方式描述它)” 可知，不止 Burdens 和他的朋友，还有其他人也看到了 UFO。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南怀化·期中） If you are a history fan, especially interested in the Ming Dynasty, you will like the exhibition of Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty in Beijing. It’s called an exhibition but in practice it’s more like a grand museum. The exhibition will run until August 29. And it will exhibit many historical works and cultural relics of the Ming Dynasty, so it’s an opportunity that shouldn’t be missed to gain more knowledge about the Ming Dynasty. This exhibition brings together 137 exhibits from many cultural and historical institutions, covering various categories such as royal gold and silver ware, bamboo and wood ware, calligraphy and painting. As visitors enter the exhibition hall, they can not miss a large blue-and-white china jar, which is the largest exhibit on display. Actually, the jar is a burial object. It is being shown to the public for the first time. At this exhibition, a gold crown (王冠) has its own display cupboard. The crown, the only existing gold crown once worn by an emperor in China, is one of the most precious relics in the collection. The most amazing aspect is its craftsmanship. It is made of 852 threads of gold wire, each measuring just 0.2 mm in diameter (直径). All of the threads were woven by hand, using a variety of techniques such as wire cutting and arranging. At this event, you can meet experts in history and discuss your viewpoints and knowledge about the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the exhibition provides a platform for people to know and appreciate the historical significance and achievement of the dynasty. Cultural relics are generated by human history and record the footprints of our ancestors. These cultural relics are valuable wealth left by our ancestors to future generations, and have important practical significance for our real society. 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To define a new concept. B．To make a summary. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 17．What can we learn about the crown? A．It is a rare burial object of a prince. B．It shows excellent craftsmanship. C．It is displayed in a collective cupboard. D．It is the largest gold exhibit in the collection. 2．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Our ancestors are full of wisdom. B．Future generations will live a better life. C．Human history should be well-recorded. D．Cultural relics are meaningful to our society. 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a history book. B．In a novel. C．In a biography. D．In a newspaper. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京举办的明朝万历年间文物展览，包括展出的珍贵文物、展览特色及其社会意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“If you are a history fan, especially interested in the Ming Dynasty, you will like the exhibition of Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty in Beijing. It’s called an exhibition but in practice it’s more like a grand museum.(如果你是一个历史爱好者，对明朝特别感兴趣，你会喜欢北京的明朝万历时代展览。它被称为展览，但实际上它更像是一个大博物馆)”可知，首段通过吸引历史爱好者，引出展览的主题，并说明其重要性。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“The most amazing aspect is its craftsmanship. It is made of 852 threads of gold wire, each measuring just 0.2 mm in diameter (直径). All of the threads were woven by hand, using a variety of techniques such as wire cutting and arranging.(最令人惊叹的是它的工艺。它由852根金线组成，每根直径只有0.2毫米。所有的线都是手工编织的，使用了各种技术，如电线切割和排列)”可知，金冠展示了卓越的工艺。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Cultural relics are generated by human history and record the footprints of our ancestors. These cultural relics are valuable wealth left by our ancestors to future generations, and have important practical significance for our real society.(文物是人类历史的产物，记录着我们祖先的足迹。这些文物是我们的祖先留给后代的宝贵财富，对我们的现实社会有着重要的现实意义)”可知，作者暗示文化遗迹对我们的社会是有意义的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you are a history fan, especially interested in the Ming Dynasty, you will like the exhibition of Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty in Beijing. It’s called an exhibition but in practice it’s more like a grand museum. The exhibition will run until August 29. And it will exhibit many historical works and cultural relics of the Ming Dynasty, so it’s an opportunity that shouldn’t be missed to gain more knowledge about the Ming Dynasty.(如果你是一个历史爱好者，对明朝特别感兴趣，你会喜欢北京的明朝万历时代展览。它被称为展览，但实际上它更像是一个大博物馆。该展示会将持续到29日。它将展出许多明朝的历史作品和文物，所以这是一个不容错过的机会，以获得更多的关于明朝的知识)”可知，文章是对一个展览的介绍，具有时效性和宣传性，报纸常刊登各类活动、展览等信息，所以这篇文章最有可能在报纸上找到。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） The government of the Marshall Islands has protected a huge area of ocean around two remote atolls (偏远环礁). This measure is intended to protect important marine (海洋的) and bird life. The government says this is their first marine protected area (MPA), but it won’t be their last. The new MPA sets aside 48,000 square kilometers of ocean where no fishing is allowed. That’s larger than the area of Denmark or the Netherlands. The protected area surrounds two remote atolls: Bikar Atoll and Bokak Atoll. No one lives on the two atolls, which are far away from the rest of the Marshall Islands, so the oceans around them are in excellent shape. In 2023, scientists from National Geographic’ s Pristine Seas project worked with experts in the Marshall Islands to study the area that’s now protected. The group made 452 dives and spent over 640 hours underwater. Enric Sala, who started the Pristine Seas project, calls the area a “time machine” and says that the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) around the atolls are so healthy that diving there is “like diving in the ocean of 1.000 years ago”. The underwater life near the atolls includes different kinds of fish and many deepsea sharks. The researchers say that there may even be marine life there that scientists have never seen before. Moreover, the area contains the largest nesting (筑巢) site for green turtles in the Marshall Islands. It hosts more seabirds than any other place in the country. The government of the Marshall Islands believes protecting sea life in this large area will also help marine life outside the protected area. And that will help local fishermen and others who depend on the sea. “Our future depends on protecting our ocean.” says Glen Joseph, who leads the group responsible for protecting the waters of the Marshall Islands. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．The MPA is too huge to be protected effectively. B．The government aims at protecting distant atolls. C．The marine life of the Marshall Islands has been damaged. D．The government has a long-term strategy for marine protection. 2．What does the description of the area as a “time machine” suggest? A．The marine life there is ancient. B．The area is in need of protection. C．The coral reefs there are in good condition. D．The atolls have changed a lot over the years. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the fourth paragraph? A．To show the necessity of establishing the MPA． B．To prove the area is home to unique marine species. C．To draw scientists’ attention to the Marshall Islands. D．To explain the importance of marine life to this area. 4．What does the government of the Marshall Islands agree with? A．The ocean’s health is related to the human livelihoods. B．The economy of the Marshall Islands depends on sea life. C．Marine protection requires the efforts of the whole society. D．Local fishermen should be responsible for marine protection. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了马绍尔群岛政府保护两个偏远环礁周围大片海洋区域的举措，包括保护区的面积、位置、环境状况、生物多样性以及政府保护海洋生态的意义。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The government of the Marshall Islands has protected a huge area of ocean around two remote atolls (偏远环礁). This measure is intended to protect important marine (海洋的) and bird life. The government says this is their first marine protected area (MPA), but it won’t be their last.(马绍尔群岛政府已对两个偏远环礁周围的大片海域实施保护。这一举措旨在保护重要的海洋生物和鸟类。政府表示，这是他们建立的第一个海洋保护区（MPA），但不会是最后一个。)”中的“first…but.. not last”可知，政府明确表示这是第一个海洋保护区，但并非最后一个。由此可推测，政府将建立更多保护区，暗示这是长期规划的一部分。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Enric Sala, who started the Pristine Seas project, calls the area a “time machine” and says that the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) around the atolls are so healthy that diving there is “like diving in the ocean of 1.000 years ago”(“原始海洋”项目的创始人Enric Sala将这片区域称为“时光机”，并表示环礁周围的珊瑚礁非常健康，在那里潜水“就像潜入1000年前的海洋”。)”可知，将该区域称为“时光机”的直接原因是珊瑚礁“非常健康”，潜水体验如同回到千年以前未受人类破坏的原始海洋。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The underwater life near the atolls includes different kinds of fish and many deepsea sharks. The researchers say that there may even be marine life there that scientists have never seen before. Moreover, the area contains the largest nesting (筑巢) site for green turtles in the Marshall Islands. It hosts more seabirds than any other place in the country.(环礁附近的水下生物包括多种鱼类和许多深海鲨鱼。研究人员称，这里甚至可能存在科学家从未见过的海洋生物。此外，该区域拥有马绍尔群岛最大的绿海龟筑巢地，栖息的海鸟数量也超过该国其他任何地区。)”可知，在第四段中，作者详细列举了环礁附近的海洋生物种类（多种鱼类、深海鲨鱼、可能未被发现的新物种、最大绿海龟筑巢地、最多海鸟栖息地）。这些信息旨在说明该区域生物多样性丰富且生态价值极高，从而论证建立海洋保护区（MPA）的必要性——保护这些独特且重要的生命形式。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The government of the Marshall Islands believes protecting sea life in this large area will also help marine life outside the protected area. And that will help local fishermen and others who depend on the sea. “Our future depends on protecting our ocean.” says Glen Joseph, who leads the group responsible for protecting the waters of the Marshall Islands.(马绍尔群岛政府认为，保护这片广阔区域的海洋生物也将惠及保护区外的海洋生物，进而帮助当地渔民和其他依赖海洋为生的人。负责马绍尔群岛水域保护工作的Glen Joseph表示：“我们的未来取决于对海洋的保护。”)”可知，政府认为保护海洋生物不仅惠及保护区内外的生态，还会帮助依赖海洋的渔民和其他人群。此外，Glen Joseph也认为海洋健康与人类生计息息相关。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南永州·期中） NASA’s Lunar Third Generation Partnership (3GPP) is researching how to bring wireless technologies to the Moon, but significant challenges remain. Extreme temperatures and radiation can damage commercial-grade electronics, and adapting complex 4G and 5G systems for the lunar surface is a major undertaking. “We still have much to learn about the lunar surface radio frequency propagation (传播) environment,” says Raymond Wagner, principal investigator of the Lunar 3GPP project. Once operational, these systems will allow astronauts to communicate reliably with rovers, instruments, and crew members, while efficiently transmitting data back to Earth through a single link. To address these challenges, NASA is developing relay satellites as part of its Lunar Communications Relay and Navigation Systems project. The European Space Agency (ESA), a key Artemis mission partner, is also contributing through its Moonlight programme. ESA plans to create a network of three or four communications and data-relay satellites, similar to Earth’s GPS. The first step is the Lunar Pathfinder mission in 2025, which will test the necessary technology. ESA’s navigation payload will be onboard, and NASA will share instruments and access lunar relay services. By combining these efforts with radio ranging, the project will gather location data to explore how a Moonlight-like navigation system could be carried out, laying the groundwork for a future lunar project. Wagner highlights the rapid advancements in mobile communications on Earth over the past two decades and expresses optimism about bringing similar technologies to the Moon. “If we reliably deploy (利用) those same conveniences to the Moon, we’ll be in great shape,” he says. “These efforts aim to create a strong communication network to support safer and more efficient lunar missions, paving the way for future exploration and potential settlements.” In summary, NASA and ESA are developing relay satellites and testing new technologies to overcome lunar communication challenges. Projects like Lunar Pathfinder and Moonlight aim to establish a reliable network for astronauts and equipment, enabling efficient data transmission and navigation. As Wagner notes, advancements in Earth’s mobile communications serve as a model for lunar systems, bringing us closer to safer, more efficient, and better-connected lunar missions. 1．What challenges does the 3GPP project face? A．Lack of electronics. B．Extreme lunar conditions. C．Complexity of 5G systems. D．Unstable radio signals. 2．What is ESA’s plan in the lunar project? A．Sharing devices with NASA． B．Developing Earth’s GPS systems. C．Creating satellite networks. D．Achieving Artemis mission goals. 3．What is Wagner’s attitude toward lunar communication systems? A．Optimistic. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Talking On The Moon. B．Starting Lunar Exploration. C．Building Relay Satellites. D．Testing Communicative Tech. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章通过介绍NASA和ESA在月球通信技术方面的研究进展，展示了科学家们如何克服极端条件，建立可靠的通信网络，为未来的月球探索和潜在的定居点铺平道路。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Extreme temperatures and radiation can damage commercial-grade electronics, and adapting complex 4G and 5G systems for the lunar surface is a major undertaking. (极端温度和辐射会损坏商业级电子设备，将复杂的4G和5G系统适应月球表面是一项重大任务)”可知，3GPP项目面临的挑战是极端的月球条件，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The European Space Agency (ESA), a key Artemis mission partner, is also contributing through its Moonlight programme. ESA plans to create a network of three or four communications and data-relay satellites, similar to Earth’s GPS. (欧洲航天局(ESA)是阿耳忒弥斯任务的关键合作伙伴，也通过其Moonlight计划做出贡献。ESA计划创建一个由三到四个通信和数据中继卫星组成的网络，类似于地球的GPS)”可知，ESA的计划是创建卫星网络，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Wagner highlights the rapid advancements in mobile communications on Earth over the past two decades and expresses optimism about bringing similar technologies to the Moon. (Wagner强调了过去二十年地球移动通信的快速发展，并对将类似技术引入月球表示乐观)”可知，Wagner对月球通信系统持乐观态度，故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In summary, NASA and ESA are developing relay satellites and testing new technologies to overcome lunar communication challenges. Projects like Lunar Pathfinder and Moonlight aim to establish a reliable network for astronauts and equipment, enabling efficient data transmission and navigation. (总结来说，NASA和ESA正在开发中继卫星并测试新技术以克服月球通信挑战。像Lunar Pathfinder和Moonlight这样的项目旨在为宇航员和设备建立可靠的网络，实现高效的数据传输和导航)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了NASA和ESA在月球通信技术方面的研究进展，以及面临的挑战和未来的计划。所以文章的最佳标题是A项“在月球上通话”。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） When Genentech, a highly influential Swedish medical company, got the license for the lung-treating medicine Vixarelimab from another company, Artificial Intelligence (AI) brought an unexpected discovery: the drug could also be effective in treating inflammatory bowel disease. This vividly shows the amazing potential of AI in the field of drug research and development(R&D). The application of AI in the industry is on an upward tendency. Data (数据) from the Boston Consulting Group shows the number of clinical (临床的) experiments using AI in finding and designing molecules — the key stages of drug R&D — has jumped to 67 in 2023 from only 27 in 2021. AstraZeneca, British drug giant, is a good example of AI’s influence. The company used AI to cut the time for molecule design from years to just months or even weeks. Similarly, London-based GSK has recognized the potential of AI across its entire R&D process. However, the path to fully integrating AI into medical R&D is anything but even. “There is a data problem, a people problem and a bit of a strategy problem,” said Thomas Clozel, CEO and co-founder of Owkin, a Paris-based company that applies AI to medical research. Acquiring data and AI skills is among the key factors medical companies are facing to unlock the technology’s potential. Clozel noted medical companies’ focus on short-term results and their difficulties in attracting and keeping data scientists influence the industry’s embrace of AI. To overcome these problems, medical companies are forming partnerships with AI experts to employ AI technology in their operations. Eli Lilly, Moderna, and Sanofi have joined forces with ChatGPT’s developer, OpenAI. Meanwhile, Novartis and Eli Lilly have teamed up with Isomorphic Labs, a company founded and led by Nobel Prize winner Demis Hassabis and owned by Alphabet. While the application of AI in this field is still at its early stage and may take years to fully realize its potential, medical companies are highly keen to improve the long and costly drug-development process with AI, finally leading to more efficient and effective drug discoveries. 1．According to the article, what did AI discover about Vixarelimab? A．Vixarelimab got the license for drug R&D． B．Vixarelimab is ineffective for lung diseases. C．Vixarelimab has an amazing potential to influence AI. D．Vixarelimab can treat another disease besides lung problems. 2．What can we infer from the change of clinical experiments with AI? A．Medical companies are losing interest in AI. B．AI has not shown advantages in clinical experiments as expected. C．The application of AI in the medical industry is becoming increasingly popular. D．AI has replaced the traditional methods in drug development. 3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A．The way to the medical companies is easy to find with the help of AI. B．The process of using AI in medical R&D is smooth. C．The problems in embracing AI are even bigger for medical industry. D．The journey of applying AI to medical industry is filled with challenges. 4．What does the writer think about the future of AI in the medical industry? A．AI will never be successfully applied in the medical industry. B．Medical companies will stop partnering with the AI experts. C．AI will have great potential in this industry despite all the challenges. D．Drug R&D process will be made longer and more costly with AI. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文旨在介绍人工智能在制药研发领域的应用情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Genentech, a highly influential Swedish medical company, got the license for the lung-treating medicine Vixarelimab from another company, Artificial Intelligence (AI) brought an unexpected discovery: the drug could also be effective in treating inflammatory bowel disease.(当颇具影响力的瑞典医疗公司Genentech从另一家公司获得治疗肺部疾病的药物Vixarelimab的许可证时，人工智能带来了一个意想不到的发现：这种药物也可以有效治疗炎症性肠病)”可知，人工智能发现Vixarelimab除了可以治疗肺部疾病外，还能治疗炎症性肠病，也就是能治疗另一种疾病，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Data (数据) from the Boston Consulting Group shows the number of clinical (临床的) experiments using AI in finding and designing molecules — the key stages of drug R&D — has jumped to 67 in 2023 from only 27 in 2021.(波士顿咨询集团的数据显示，使用人工智能来寻找和设计分子（药物研发的关键阶段）的临床实验数量已从2021年的27个跃升至2023年的67个)”可知，使用人工智能进行药物研发关键阶段的临床试验数量从2021年的27个跃升至2023年的67个，这表明人工智能在制药行业的应用越来越受欢迎，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“There is a data problem, a people problem and a bit of a strategy problem(这里有数据问题，人员问题，还有一点战略问题)”可知，将人工智能完全融入制药研发的道路充满挑战，有数据问题、人员问题和战略问题等，即第三段划线的句子暗示了人工智能在医疗行业的应用之旅充满挑战。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the application of AI in this field is still at its early stage and may take years to fully realize its potential, medical companies are highly keen to improve the long and costly drug-development process with AI, finally leading to more efficient and effective drug discoveries.(虽然人工智能在这一领域的应用仍处于早期阶段，可能需要数年时间才能充分发挥其潜力，但医疗公司非常热衷于利用人工智能改善漫长而昂贵的药物开发过程，最终导致更高效和有效的药物发现)”可知，作者认为尽管存在障碍，人工智能在这个行业仍有巨大潜力，故选C。 主题03 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期中） Ask most folks who came up with the theory of evolution (进化), and they’ll tell you it was Charles Darwin. In fact, Alfred Russel Wallace, another British naturalist, was a co­-discoverer of the theory — though Darwin has gotten most of the credit. Actually, Wallace outlived Darwin by 17 years, long enough to see evolutionary theory gain acceptance. Wallace developed his most important ideas about natural selection during an eight-­year expedition (探险) to what was then the Dutch East Indies — modern­-day Indonesia — to observe wildlife and collect specimens (标本). Few places on earth can match this region’s tremendous diversity of plant and animal life. Wallace collected more than 100,000 insect, bird and animal specimens, which he gave to British museums. By 1855, Wallace had come to the conclusion that living things evolve. But he didn’t figure out how until one night three years later. He was on the island of Halmahera, ill with a fever, when it came to him: Animals evolve by adapting to their environment. As soon as he could, Wallace wrote his theory down in a nine-­page paper, says Tony Whitten, a Wallace expert. “He sent that to Darwin, as an older mentor (导师), if you like, to have a peer review before publication” Whitten says. Darwin had reached the same conclusion years earlier, and Wallace’s letter inspired him to act. The two men published a joint paper in 1858, arguing the theory of evolution and natural selection. It shook mankind’s assumptions about its origins. The following year, Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species and rose to fame. Over time, however, Wallace faded from the public memory. 32．How did Wallace develop his ideas about natural selection? A．By travelling around the world. B．By studying specimens in the museums. C．By researching wild animals and plants. D．By debating with other scientists. 33．Why did Wallace send his paper to Darwin? A．To claim authorship of the study. B．To ask for financial support. C．To challenge Darwin’s opinion. D．To seek feedback before publication. 34．What happened after the joint paper was published? A．People began to doubt their origin. B．The two scientists became well­known. C．Darwin arrived at the same conclusion. D．They immediately co­authored another book. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．The Untold Story of Charles Darwin. B．The Other Man Behind Evolutionary Theory. C．The Development of the Theory of Evolution. D．The Expedition That Changed the World. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士是如何发展他的自然选择理论的，以及他和达尔文共同发表了进化论和自然选择理论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Wallace developed his most important ideas about natural selection during an eight­-year expedition (探险) to what was then the Dutch East Indies — modern­-day Indonesia — to observe wildlife and collect specimens (标本).(华莱士在为期八年的探险中发展了他关于自然选择的最重要的思想，当时他去了荷兰东印度群岛，也就是现在的印度尼西亚，观察野生动物并收集标本。)”可知，华莱士是通过研究野生动植物发展了他的自然选择理论的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He sent that to Darwin, as an older mentor (导师), if you like, to have a peer review before publication(他将这篇论文寄给了达尔文——可以说视其为前辈导师——希望在发表前获得同行评议。)”可知，华莱士是希望在论文出版前得到达尔文的反馈。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The two men published a joint paper in 1858, arguing the theory of evolution and natural selection. It shook mankind’s assumptions about its origins.(1858年，两人发表了一篇联合论文，论述了进化论和自然选择理论。它动摇了人类对其起源的假设。)”可知，联合论文发表后，人们开始怀疑自己的起源。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ask most folks who came up with the theory of evolution (进化), and they’ll tell you it was Charles Darwin. In fact, Alfred Russel Wallace, another British naturalist, was a co-­discoverer of the theory — though Darwin has gotten most of the credit. Actually, Wallace outlived Darwin by 17 years, long enough to see evolutionary theory gain acceptance.(问大多数人是谁提出了进化论，他们会告诉你是查尔斯·达尔文。事实上，另一位英国博物学家阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士也是这一理论的共同发现者——尽管达尔文得到了大部分赞誉。事实上，华莱士比达尔文多活了17年，他活得足够长，看到了进化论被接受。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士是如何发展他的自然选择理论的，以及他和达尔文共同发表了进化论和自然选择理论。全文围绕华莱士在进化论中的关键角色展开，强调他是被忽视的“另一位贡献者”。由此可知，B选项“进化论背后的另一个人”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） How AI Helps Basketball Teams Play Smarter Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing how basketball teams train and play. A top NBA team once used AI to create a special defense strategy that helped them win a champonship. Though no one will say which team did it, experts agree AI made a big difference. Since 2013, special cameras in every NBA arena track players’ movements. These cameras show not just where players run, but even how their elbows and knees move. This helps coaches study moves like “high - quality defensive blocks” — when defenders quickly block shooters. Teams use this data to practice better plans. In the 2010s, teams like Houston, Golden State, and Oklahoma City started using AI first. Now, Oklahoma City leads the league by forcing other teams to make mistakes while avoiding mistakes themselves. AI helps teams pick the best player combinations and find winning strategies. While AI can’t turn weak teams into champions, it can help good teams win a few more games. The data has also changed how basketball is played. Games are faster, and players shoot more three - pointers than ever — double the attempts from 15 years ago. Some players think this makes games less creative, but they admit winning requires following what works. The NBA is testing AI for referees (裁判), too. Soon, cameras might instantly decide who touched a ball last when it goes out of bounds, reducing mistakes. They’re also creating thaumaturgic fan experiences, like video-game-style broadcasts where cartoon players copy real actions. Though teams keep their AI methods secret, experts say basketball will keep changing with technology. As one analyst said, “The next step is turning all this data into simple tips players can use.” From smarter defenses to faster games, AI is making basketball more exciting for everyone! 1．What is the primary role of AI in basketball training? A．Develop effective game plans. B．Design new training equipment. C．Analyze fan behavior for promotions. D．Monitor players’ health during games. 37．Why do players stick to proven strategies? A．To show creativity. B．To increase game speed. C．To reduce personal mistakes. D．To secure victories in matches. 2．What does the underlined word “thaumaturgic” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Simple. B．Exciting. C．Boring. D．Lifelike. 3．What do teams hide about their AI usage? A．Where to set special cameras. B．Game schedule arrangements. C．Specific technical approaches. D．What experts and analysts said. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人工智能（AI）在篮球训练和比赛中的应用，包括制定策略、追踪球员动作、优化战术及提升观赛体验等，并探讨其对篮球运动发展的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A top NBA team once used AI to create a special defense strategy that helped them win a champonship. Though no one will say which team did it, experts agree AI made a big difference.(一支顶级NBA球队曾经利用人工智能创造了一种特殊的防守策略，帮助他们赢得了总冠军。虽然没有人会说哪个团队做到了，但专家们认为人工智能带来了很大的改变)”以及第三段“AI helps teams pick the best player combinations and find winning strategies.(AI可以帮助团队选择最佳的玩家组合并找到获胜策略)”可知，人工智能在篮球训练中的主要作用是制定有效的比赛计划。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some players think this makes games less creative, but they admit winning requires following what works.(有些玩家认为这会削弱游戏的创造性，但他们承认获胜需要遵循有效的方法)”可知，玩家会坚持经过验证的策略是为了确保在比赛中获胜。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“fan experiences, like video-game-style broadcasts where cartoon players copy real actions(粉丝体验，就像视频游戏式的广播，卡通玩家模仿真实的动作)”可知，NBA利用AI创造 “类似电子游戏风格的直播，卡通球员模仿真实动作”，目的是提升球迷体验。由此可知，划线词thaumaturgic意思是“令人兴奋的”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Though teams keep their AI methods secret, experts say basketball will keep changing with technology.(尽管球队对他们的人工智能方法保密，但专家们表示，篮球将随着技术的发展而不断变化)”可知，团队在使用AI时隐藏了具体的技术方法。故选C。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南永州·期中） Freedom generally refers to the ability to act, speak, think, or live without unreasonable limitation, yet its definition and ranges are often debated. The 20th-century philosopher Isaiah Berlin distinguished between “negative freedom” and “positive freedom”. Let’s take Steve for example, who is sitting with a glass of wine in front of him. No one is holding a gun to his head, telling him to drink. He is free to do as he pleases. But Steve is an alcoholic. He knows it’s bad for him, but he can’t help himself. He stretches out his trembling hand and lifts the glass to his lips. Two very different kinds of freedom are at play here. We often think of freedom as the absence of external restriction: you are free so long as there is nothing preventing you from doing what you want. This is what Berlin calls “negative freedom”; it is negative in that it is defined by what is absent — any form of limit or outside disturbance. In this sense Steve, the drinker, is completely free. But Steve can’t help himself. He is forced to drink, even though he knows his interests would be better served by not doing so. He is not fully in control of himself and his fortune is not fully in his own hands. To the extent that he is driven to drink, he has no choice and is not free. While negative freedom is freedom from external interference (干涉), positive freedom is usually described as freedom to achieve certain ends; as a form of empowerment that allows an individual to realize his or her potential, to achieve a particular vision of self-realization and to reach a state of self-mastery. To return to Steve: the part of him that properly understands his best interests is assumed to be the higher, more reasonable self. If he is incapable himself of encouraging this part to succeed, perhaps he needs some outside help — from people who are wiser than he and better able to see how he should act. 1．Why does the author mention Steve’s story in paragraph 1? A．To criticize alcoholics for lacking self-discipline. B．To clarify Berlin’s understanding of personal interests. C．To show coexistence of two different sorts of freedom. D．To argue the necessity of external restrictions for freedom. 2．What does the underlined phrase “external restriction” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Interests of one’s own. B．Personal preference. C．Limits from outside forces. D．A state of self-control. 42．What is “positive freedom” in Berlin’s philosophy? A．Freedom without any limitations. B．Freedom to ignore personal interests. C．Freedom to behave without thinking. D．Freedom to act in line with one’s reason. 3．How could Steve possibly achieve positive freedom according to the last paragraph? A．By asking for outside guidance. B．By understanding his interests better. C．By setting higher standards for himself. D．By getting more reason to control himself. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了20世纪哲学家以赛亚・伯林区分的“消极自由”和“积极自由”，并通过史蒂夫的例子来阐述这两种自由的概念。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Two very different kinds of freedom are at play here. (两种截然不同的自由在这里起作用。)”以及后文对消极自由和积极自由的详细阐述可知，作者提到史蒂夫的故事是为了展示两种不同类型的自由的共存。故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的“you are free so long as there is nothing preventing you from doing what you want. This is what Berlin calls “negative freedom”; it is negative in that it is defined by what is absent — any form of limit or outside disturbance. (只要没有什么能阻止你做你想做的事，你就是自由的。这就是伯林所说的“消极自由”；它是消极的，因为它是由不存在的东西定义的 —— 任何形式的限制或外部干扰。)”可知，“external restriction”指的是来自外部力量的限制。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“While negative freedom is freedom from external interference (干涉), positive freedom is usually described as freedom to achieve certain ends; as a form of empowerment that allows an individual to realize his or her potential, to achieve a particular vision of self-realization and to reach a state of self-mastery. (虽然消极自由是不受外部干涉的自由，但积极自由通常被描述为实现某些目标的自由；作为一种赋予个人权力的形式，使个人能够实现自己的潜力，实现自我实现的特定愿景，并达到自我掌控的状态。)”可知，在伯林的哲学中，“积极自由”是按照自己的理性行动的自由。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To return to Steve: the part of him that properly understands his best interests is assumed to be the higher, more reasonable self. If he is incapable himself of encouraging this part to succeed, perhaps he needs some outside help — from people who are wiser than he and better able to see how he should act. (回到史蒂夫的例子：他身上正确理解自己最大利益的那部分被认为是更高层次、更理性的自我。如果他自己无法促使这部分成功，也许他需要一些外部帮助 —— 来自比他更聪明、更能看清他应该如何行动的人。)”可知，史蒂夫可能通过寻求外部指导来实现积极自由。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） Fromancient epics (史诗) like Homer’s The Iliad, which recorded the heroism and tragedy of the Trojan War, to modern novels like All Quiet on the Western Front or The Things They Carried, war narratives (叙事) often focus on the human cost of battle. As is known to us all, before a war, stories might center on romance, family, or nature adventure. However, once war suddenly breaks out, the focus changes accordingly. Writers and storytellers begin to present the real emotions of fear, loss, and survival. The tone (语气) becomes darker and tends to examine inner feelings, as the characters struggle with hard choices, sufferings, and the uncertainty of life in the middle of destruction. Personally, I think war doesn’t just change how stories are told; it also changes what stories are told. Themes of heroism, common in pre-war literature, give way to themes of disappointment, loss of innocence, and the questioning of authority, making people aware of the real society in war literature. Both soldiers returning from war and other people often struggle to fit back into a society that no longer understands their experiences, which serves as a powerful theme in post-war literature. For example, in J.D．Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the loneliness of Holden Caulfield can be seen as a reflection of post-World War II society, where many people including Holden Caulfield hated wars and felt isolated due to the horrors they had observed. Stories are not only a way to document history; they are also a way for people to process sufferings. War is disastrous, and for those who have lived through it, literature often becomes a tool for curing. Writing allows authors to process their pain, sadness, and confusion. For readers, stories about war offer a way to understand reality and they can find themselves relating to the struggles of others so that they can be inspired by those characters. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The various reasons of war breakout. B．The bad outcomes of war expansion. C．The role of wars in literary revolution. D．The influence of wars on storytelling. 2．What kind of topic is a hit in war literature? A．Heroism. B．Romanticism. C．Realism. D．Collectivism. 3．What does the underlined word “isolated” mean in paragraph 3? A．Peaceful. B．Separated. C．Proud. D．Angry. 4．Why does literature become a tool for curing? A．It helps writers see positive sides. B．It makes readers ignore the reality. C．It well connects writers with readers. D．It serves both writers and readers well. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕战争对叙事的影响展开论述，阐述了战争如何改变故事讲述的方式、内容，以及战争文学在反映社会现实、帮助人们处理痛苦等方面的作用。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However, once war suddenly breaks out, the focus changes accordingly. Writers and storytellers begin to present the real emotions of fear, loss, and survival. The tone (语气) becomes darker and tends to examine inner feelings, as the characters struggle with hard choices, sufferings, and the uncertainty of life in the middle of destruction.(然而，一旦战争突然爆发，关注点也会相应地发生变化。作家和讲故事的人开始展现恐惧、失落以及求生意志这些真实的情感。作品的基调变得更为沉重，并且倾向于深入探究人物的内心感受，因为这些人物在残酷的抉择、苦难以及身处毁灭之中的生活的不确定性中挣扎。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是战争对讲故事的影响。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Personally, I think war doesn’t just change how stories are told; it also changes what stories are told. Themes of heroism, common in pre-war literature, give way to themes of disappointment, loss of innocence, and the questioning of authority, making people aware of the real society in war literature.(就我个人而言，我认为战争不仅改变了故事的讲述方式；它也改变了故事的内容。战前文学中常见的英雄主义主题让位于失望、失去纯真和对权威的质疑的主题，使人们意识到战争文学中的真实社会。)”可知，战前文学中常见的英雄主义主题让位于失望、失去纯真和对权威的质疑的主题，这些都属于现实主义主题，所以现实主义是战争文学中受欢迎的主题。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“For example, in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the loneliness of Holden Caulfield can be seen as a reflection of post-World War II society, where many people including Holden Caulfield hated wars and felt isolated due to the horrors they had observed.(例如，在J.D.塞林格的《麦田里的守望者》中，霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德的孤独可以看作是二战后社会的反映，包括霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德在内的许多人憎恨战争，并因为他们所目睹的恐怖而感到isolated。)”可知，在J.D.塞林格的《麦田里的守望者》中，霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德的孤独可以看作是二战后社会的反映，许多人憎恨战争，所以会感到孤独，感到与别人隔绝，所以划线词isolated意为“与别人隔绝的”，和B项Separated“分开的，隔绝的”意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“War is disastrous, and for those who have lived through it, literature often becomes a tool for curing. Writing allows authors to process their pain, sadness, and confusion. For readers, stories about war offer a way to understand reality and they can find themselves relating to the struggles of others so that they can be inspired by those characters.(战争是灾难性的，对于那些经历过战争的人来说，文学往往成为一种治疗工具。写作让作者能够处理他们的痛苦、悲伤和困惑。对于读者来说，关于战争的故事提供了一种理解现实的方式，他们可以发现自己与他人的斗争有关，这样他们就可以从这些角色身上获得灵感。)”可知，文学成为一种治疗工具是因为它对作家和读者都有好处。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） A kid from Ghana has officially been recognized as the world’s youngest male artist. Guinness World Records acknowledged Ace-Liam Nana Sam Ankrah when he was just one year and 152 days old. The little boy began painting at the age of six months, when his remarkable talent became clear. His mother Chantelle, also an artist, was surprised to find her son had artistic talent from that young age. She explained how he started painting. Chantelle was given the task of designing a work for Miss Universe 2023. While she was working, she gave Ace-Liam a canvas (油画布) and some paint. She said he clearly showed a strong interest in colours as he explored the canvas. Chantelle named his first piece “The Crawl”. Ace-Liam is attracting attention across the art world. His work was exhibited at Ghana’s Museum of Science in January. Nine of the 10 pieces on show at that exhibition were sold. Art lovers have bought a further six of his paintings this year. Even Ghana’s first lady Rebecca Akufo-Addo asked the little boy to create a piece for her. Chantelle said her son is making waves with his artistic talent. She said: “He has created a buzz and encouraged deeper conversations about art appreciation.” She also mentioned that his abstract paintings were inspired by the world around him—colours, shapes, textures and his mood. Guinness remarked: “There is no doubt that Ace-Liam has an exciting career ahead of him, and we can’t wait to see what comes next.” 1．What can be inferred about Ace-Liam’s mother from the passage? A．She forced him to learn painting for fame. B．She discouraged him from studying art. C．She designed his first artwork “The Crawl”. D．She discovered his talent by accident. 2．Why does the author mention many of Ace-Liam’s pieces were sold? A．To show the high value of children’s art. B．To prove his artistic talent is widely recognized. C．To stress the museum’s profit-making goal. D．To compare his talent with adult artists. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Ace-Liam’s artworks? A．All of his paintings shown at the exhibition in January were sold. B．His paintings are mainly realistic works about daily life. C．His abstract paintings draw inspiration from his surroundings. D．His artworks have only been sold in Ghana so far. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The World’s Youngest Male Artist in Guinness B．Exploration of Abstract Painting Techniques C．The Role of Parents in Child Artists’ Success D．A Famous Art Exhibition in Ghana 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了这个世界上最年轻的男性艺术家Ace-Liam的故事，包括他如何被发现有艺术天赋，作品的展出和销售情况等。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“His mother Chantelle, also an artist, was surprised to find her son had artistic talent from that young age.(他的母亲Chantelle也是一名艺术家，她惊讶地发现自己的儿子从这么小就有艺术天赋)”以及“She explained how he started painting. Chantelle was given the task of designing a work for Miss Universe 2023. While she was working, she gave Ace-Liam a canvas (油画布) and some paint. She said he clearly showed a strong interest in colours as he explored the canvas.(她解释了他是如何开始画画的。Chantelle 接到了为2023年环球小姐设计作品的任务。当她在工作时，她给了 Ace-Liam 一块油画布和一些颜料。她说，当他在探索画布时，他显然对颜色表现出了浓厚的兴趣)”可推知，Chantelle是在自己工作时给了儿子画布和颜料，意外地发现了他的艺术天赋。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Ace-Liam is attracting attention across the art world. His work was exhibited at Ghana’s Museum of Science in January. Nine of the 10 pieces on show at that exhibition were sold. Art lovers have bought a further six of his paintings this year. Even Ghana’s first lady Rebecca Akufo-Addo asked the little boy to create a piece for her.(Ace-Liam 正在引起整个艺术界的关注。他的作品于今年1月在加纳科学博物馆展出。在那次展览中展出的10件作品中有9件被售出。今年，艺术爱好者又购买了他的6幅画作。就连加纳第一夫人丽贝卡・阿库福 - 阿多也请这个小男孩为她创作一幅作品)”可推知，作者提到Ace-Liam的很多作品被售出，以及加纳第一夫人也请他创作作品，是为了证明他的艺术天赋得到了广泛的认可。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“She also mentioned that his abstract paintings were inspired by the world around him — colours, shapes, textures and his mood.(她还提到，他的抽象画灵感来自他周围的世界 —— 颜色、形状、纹理和他的心情)”可知，他的抽象画从他的周围环境中汲取灵感。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A kid from Ghana has officially been recognized as the world’s youngest male artist. Guinness World Records acknowledged Ace-Liam Nana Sam Ankrah when he was just one year and 152 days old.(一个来自加纳的孩子被正式认定为世界上最年轻的男性艺术家。吉尼斯世界纪录在Ace-Liam Nana Sam Ankrah只有一岁零152天的时候就认可了他)”以及全文内容，主要介绍了这个世界上最年轻的男性艺术家Ace-Liam的故事，包括他如何被发现有艺术天赋，作品的展出和销售情况等。由此可知，A选项The World’s Youngest Male Artist in Guinness(吉尼斯纪录中世界上最年轻的男性艺术家)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南娄底·期中） The “24 solar terms” (节气) originated and was first used in China. It was created thousands of years ago on the basis of practical needs of agricultural. Ancient Chinese people used it to guide agricultural production, explain special climate signs and even come up with healthy living tips. Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCO’s world cultural heritage list (联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录). Now, it has been brought to life thanks to a creative designer from Southwest China’s Guizhou Province. On the eve of this year’s Qingming Festival, Shi Changhong released (发布) his version of reproduced and packaged characters for each solar term in the form of (moving art) of gifs. Since their first release on Zcool on March 29, the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period. To maximize publicity, Shi released his work in three forms: the video, the animation and pictures. The background sounds add to the brilliance. “When I watch the short video, I can strongly feel the Chinese-style elements hidden in it. And it is really cool to live n up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way.” WeChat user Xiao Feifei said. “It is really a comfort to me to see so many people like my latest work. To be honest, it would really surprise me if the work had not aroused great interest among Chinese people. The 24 solar terms is a deeply rooted concept that covers the essence of Chinese wisdom. However, only a small portion of people know all the names or the correct order of those terms. My intention is to increase Chinese people’s self-awareness to learn more about our traditional fine culture. Actually, the 24 solar terms work is only a part of my whole design program ‘Charm China’, which I started a year ago.” Shi told China Daily. 1．What do you think the underlined word “Zcool” refers to? A．Newspaper. B．Magazine. C．Radio broadcast. D．Website. 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．The background sounds of the work make the video more attractive. B．It really surprised Shi Changhong to see so many people like his latest work. C．Most people know all the names or the correct order of the 24 solar terms. D．The 24 solar terms work designed by Shi Changhong was added to UNESCO’s heritage list. 3．Which part of the newspaper does the text probably belong to? A．Travel. B．Culture. C．Agriculture. D．Education. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a creative designer. B．To introduce the 24 solar terms work. C．To introduce the origin of the 24 solar terms. D．To introduce a design program “Charm China”. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位创意设计师——石昌鸿以动图的形式宣传中国的二十四节气。 1．词句猜测题。根据下文中“the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period(这些动图赢得了公众的一致好评，很快，在清明节期间，这一视频的点击量上达百万)”的millions of hits可知，点击量达到数百万次，所以Zcool应该是一个网站，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The background sounds add to the brilliance.(背景声也为视频增加了光彩)”可知，背景声增加了文字的光彩，A选项“作品的背景音使视频更有吸引力”正确。 故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCO’s world cultural heritage list (联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录).(去年，二十四节气被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录)”以及第四段中“And it is really cool to liven up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way.(以这样独特的方式活跃中国传统文化真的很酷)”可知，这篇文章属于报纸中的文化栏目，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“On the eve of this year’s Qingming Festival, Shi Changhong released (发布) his version of reproduced and packaged characters for each solar term in the form of (moving art) of gifs. Since their first release on Zcool on March 29, the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period.(在今年的清明节前夕，石昌鸿发布了他的版本，以动画的形式复制和包装了每个节气的人物。自3月29日在Zcool首次发布以来，这些动图赢得了公众的极大好评，并在节日期间迅速在社交媒体上淹没了数百万的点击量)”以及文章介绍了一位创意设计师以动图的形式宣传中国的二十四节气，故文章的目的在于介绍这个二十四节气的作品，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期中） Decades ago, many scientists believed that drinking coffee was bad for your health. But their attitude towards coffee has experienced a remarkable change. Study after study has found that enjoying a daily cup or two of coffee may lengthen your life span and lower risk for certain diseases. One of the most striking findings is that coffee drinkers are less likely to develop Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病)． Many large studies have found that people who drink three to four cups of coffee daily have about a 25 percent lower risk of the disease compared with people who drink little or no coffee. The likelihood of developing diabetes decreases about 6 percent for each cup of coffee you consume daily — but only up to about six cups. There are reasons to believe that the findings are not a false impression. Coffee’s protective effect against diabetes persists even when scientists take lifestyle behaviors into account. The effect has been found in dozens of studies involving more than a million participants across Europe, North America and Asia. It’s been found in women and men, in young and old people, in smokers and nonsmokers, and in people with and without obesity. Coffee is more than just a delivery system for caffeine (咖啡因). It has hundreds of other compounds (化合物) that can have surprising effects on our body. One of the most powerful compounds in coffee is chlorogenic acid (绿原酸), which has been shown in some studies to improve blood sugar control. Studies indicate that these effects occur throughout the body, but in particular in the cells of the pancreas (胰腺), which play a critical role in the development of Type 2 diabetes. If you don’t drink coffee and don’t particularly enjoy it, then don’t feel pressure to start. But for those who do drink it daily, it’s nice to know that your morning coffee — in addition to tasting delicious and lifting your spirits — may be doing more for your health. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Consuming too much coffee is harmful. B．How people drink coffee has changed dramatically. C．Three cups of coffee daily is most advisable. D．Coffee drinking may help relieve some diseases. 2．Why does the author mention the studies across the world? A．To prove coffee’s health benefits. B．To stress the popularity of coffee. C．To explore various lifestyle behaviors. D．To take age and gender into account. 3．How does drinking coffee lower the risk of diabetes? A．By producing few side effects. B．By bettering blood sugar control. C．By generating cells in the pancreas. D．By delivering caffeine throughout the body. 4．What message does the author want to convey? A．Drinking coffee may be stressful. B．Better drink coffee late than never. C．Morning is the best time for coffee. D．Appreciate the benefits of drinking coffee. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家对咖啡的态度转变，指出每日适量饮用咖啡可延长寿命、降低患2型糖尿病风险，并说明了其作用原理。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Study after study has found that enjoying a daily cup or two of coffee may lengthen your life span and lower risk for certain diseases.(一项又一项的研究发现，每天喝一两杯咖啡可能会延长你的寿命，并降低患某些疾病的风险)”和第二段中“Many large studies have found that people who drink three to four cups of coffee daily have about a 25 percent lower risk of the disease compared with people who drink little or no coffee.(许多大型研究发现，每天喝三到四杯咖啡的人患这种疾病的风险比很少喝咖啡或不喝咖啡的人低约25%)”可知，喝咖啡可能有助于缓解一些疾病。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The effect has been found in dozens of studies involving more than a million participants across Europe, North America and Asia. It’s been found in women and men, in young and old people, in smokers and nonsmokers, and in people with and without obesity.(在涉及欧洲、北美和亚洲超过一百万名参与者的数十项研究中都发现了这种效果。在男性和女性、年轻人和老年人、吸烟者和非吸烟者以及肥胖和非肥胖人群中都发现了这种效果)”可知，作者提到世界各地的研究是为了证明咖啡对健康有益。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“One of the most powerful compounds in coffee is chlorogenic acid (绿原酸), which has been shown in some studies to improve blood sugar control.(咖啡中最有效的化合物之一是绿原酸，一些研究表明，绿原酸可以改善血糖控制)”可知，喝咖啡通过改善血糖控制来降低患糖尿病的风险。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But for those who do drink it daily, it’s nice to know that your morning coffee — in addition to tasting delicious and lifting your spirits — may be doing more for your health.(但对于那些每天喝咖啡的人来说，知道你早上喝的咖啡——除了味道美味、提神醒脑之外——可能对你的健康更有益，这是件好事)”可知，作者想传达的信息是要认识到喝咖啡的好处。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南·期中） Bali is a tiny island that is part of Indonesia (印度尼西亚) today. It is a pretty island that has many mountains and a pleasant climate. For a long time, Bali was cut off from much of the world. The people of Bali were happy and had a peaceful life. They were not allowed to fight. At one time there had been terrible wars on Bali.Then the people decided it was wrong to fight or have wars. They made rules to keep apart those people who wanted to fight. Bali was divided into seven small kingdoms. The land around each kingdom was kept empty, and no one lived there. Since the kingdoms did not share the same borders (边界), the people could not fight about them. On Bali, even children were not allowed to fight. If two children started a fight over a toy, someone separated them. When two boys argued, they would agree not to speak to each other.Sometimes they did not talk together for months; this gave the boys a chance to forget their anger. Families who were angry with each other also promised not to speak. Their promise was written down, and the whole village knew about it. If they broke their promise, they had to offer gifts to their gods. 1．Bali is an island belonging to _________. A．Europe B．Africa C．Asia D．America 2．The people of Bali _________ . A．lived a happy and peaceful life B．fought for a long time C．is cut off from much of the world D．quarreled about their borders 3．How did the people of Bali prevent fighting from breaking out? A．They shared the same borders. B．The island was divided into seven kingdoms. C．They made strict rules to punish those who wanted to fight. D．Land was kept empty around each kingdom and no one lived there. 4．Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A．Bali is a beautiful island with many mountains and nice weather. B．People had to offer gifts to the villagers if they broke their promise. C．At one time there were terrible wars on the island. D．You’ll hardly see children fighting on the island. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了印度尼西亚的巴厘岛。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bali is a tiny island that is part of Indonesia today.(巴厘岛是一个小岛，今天是印度尼西亚的一部分)”和常识可知，巴厘岛是印度尼西亚的一部分，而印度尼西亚属于亚洲，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The people of Bali were happy and had a peaceful life.(巴厘岛的人民过着幸福安宁的生活)”可知，巴厘岛的人民过着幸福安宁的生活，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Bali was divided into seven small kingdoms. The land   around each kingdom was kept empty, and no one lived there. Since the kingdoms did not share the same borders, the people could not fight about them.(巴厘岛被分成七个小王国。每个王国周围的土地都是空的，没有人居住。因为这些王国没有共同的边界，人们不会为它们而起争端)”可知，巴厘岛每个王国周围的土地都是空的，没有人住在那里，他们以此来防止战争，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Families who were angry with each other also promised not to speak. Their promise was written down, and the whole village knew about it. If they broke their promise, they had to offer gifts to their gods.(互相生气的家庭也承诺不说话。他们的诺言被写下来，全村的人都知道了。如果他们违背了诺言，他们就必须向他们的神献上礼物)”可知，如果人们违背诺言，他们就得给他们的神献上礼物，B项“如果人们不遵守诺言，他们就得给村民礼物”说法错误，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南怀化·期中） Costa Rica is a popular tourist destination known for its excellent natural beauty and rich biodiversity. Breathtaking Beaches Costa Rica has numerous beautiful beaches along its Pacific and Caribbean coasts. The beaches of Manuel Antonio are famous for their white-sand shores and clear blue waters. It’s an ideal place for sunbathing, swimming, and surfing. In Playa Conchal, on the other hand, the surface of the beach is filled with shells of different shapes, sizes, and colors, creating a unique and picturesque scene. Lush Rainforests The country is covered with dense rainforests that are home to a wide variety of wildlife. In the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, visitors can walk through hanging bridges and observe rare species of birds, monkeys, and other animals. The Corcovado National Park is also a must-visit, offering opportunities for jungle backpacking and wildlife spotting. Volcanic Activities Costa Rica has several active volcanoes. Arenal Volcano is one of the most famous. Visitors can enjoy hot springs heated by the volcano’s activity and take fixes around the volcano to witness its power. Pods Volcano, on the other hand, has a large hole in the top of a volcano filled with a colorful acidic lake, which is a fascinating sight. Cultural Experiences In addition to its natural attractions, Costa Rica offers rich cultural experiences. Traditional festivals feature parades, music, and dance, providing a glimpse into the country’s cultural heritage. Whether you’re seeking adventure in the rainforests, relaxation on the beaches, or a taste of local culture, Costa Rica has something for everyone. It truly is a tropical paradise that attracts tourists from all over the world. 1．Which of the following may be famous for its shell-covered beach? A．Manuel Antonio. B．Playa Conchal. C．Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve. D．Corcovado National Park. 2．What can visitors do at Arenal Volcano? A．Walk through hanging bridges. B．Take hikes in the jungle. C．Take pleasure in hot springs. D．See a colorful acidic lake. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the tourist attractions in Costa Rica. B．To promote Costa Rica’s famous cultural heritage. C．To encourage people to visit Costa Rica’s rainforests. D．To compare different beaches and volcanoes in Costa Rica. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了哥斯达黎加的自然景观和人文旅游景点，包括海滩、雨林、火山活动和文化体验。 1．细节理解题。根据Breathtaking Beaches部分的句子“In Playa Conchal, on the other hand, the surface of the beach is filled with shells of different shapes, sizes, and colors, creating a unique and picturesque scene. (另一方面，在Playa Conchal，海滩表面覆盖着不同形状、大小和颜色的贝壳，形成独特而如画的景象)”可知，Playa Conchal的海滩以覆盖着各种贝壳为特色。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Volcanic Activities部分的句子“Visitors can enjoy hot springs heated by the volcano’s activity and take hikes around the volcano to witness its power. (游客可以享受火山活动加热的温泉，并在火山周围徒步以见证其威力)”可知，游客在Arenal Volcano可以享受温泉。故选C。 3．推理判断题。全文依次介绍了哥斯达黎加的海滩、雨林、火山活动和文化遗产，并在结尾总结“Whether you’re seeking adventure in the rainforests, relaxation on the beaches, or a taste of local culture, Costa Rica has something for everyone.(无论你是寻求雨林冒险、海滩放松还是体验当地文化，哥斯达黎加都能满足)”，可见文章旨在向读者介绍哥斯达黎加的旅游景点。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $