Unit 3 Food matters 单元核心知识点精讲精练2(Grammar)-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册教材核心知识全解（新教材外研版）

本讲义聚焦初中英语Unit 3语法核心知识点，以动词分类为起点，系统梳理实义动词、情态动词、系动词和助动词的区别，重点详解系动词的定义、分类（be动词、感官系动词等六类）、基本用法及“主系表”句型转换，构建从基础认知到应用实践的学习支架。 该资料通过“随学随练+基础/提升练习”设计，多样化习题助力学生掌握系动词用法，培养语言应用能力。分类对比不同系动词功能，提升思维品质，课中辅助教师精准教学，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，强化语法知识的理解与运用。

Unit 3 Food matters 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 系动词 1. 动词分类 英语中动词根据用法不同，分成以下四大类： (1) 实义动词 实义动词意义完全，在句子中可以独立充当谓语。根据其后是否能直接接宾语，分类及物动词(如：like;give;play等)和不及物动词(如：agree;happen;come等)。 如：Please pass me the salt. He went to the park yesterday afternoon. (2) 情态动词 情态动词是表示说话人语气、情态的动词，不能独立作谓语，要和实义动词一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有can; could; must; may; should等。 如：She can play basketball. (3) 系动词 系动词是连接主语和表语的动词，不能独立作谓语，必须后接表语，和表语一起构成谓语。常见系动词有taste;feel;be;become;turn;remain等。 如：The food tastes good. (4) 助动词 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词、系动词等一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定句，疑问句等。常见助动词有：do;does;did;will;be;have等。 如：Do you have a ping-ping ball? Does she feel angry? [随学随练] 判断下列划线动词属于那一类动词。 1. What brings people together? 2. She is looking at the picture. 3. Linda is from Spain. 4. The Greens went to Beijing for holiday. 5. The girl can play three kinds of instruments. 6. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 7. Does your sister work in a car factory? 8. Everyone should wait in line. 【答案】 1. 实义动词 2. 助动词 3. 系动词 4.实义动词 5. 情态动词 6. 系动词 7. 助动词 8. 情态动词 2. 系动词基本用法 (1) 系动词不能单独作谓语，必须后接表语，和表语一起构成谓语。整个句型成为“主系表”句型。 如：The weather is getting cooler and cooler. (2) 表语是表明主语身份、状态、性质等的成分，通常由名词、形容词、介词短语。副词一般不充当表语，部分表示地点、状态的副词也可以充当表语。 如：He is a doctor. (名词作表语) Lucy is kind. (形容词作表语) My grandpa is usually at home in the afternoon. (介词短语作表语) The light is on. (副词作状语) His brother is abroad. (副词作状语) [随学随练] 判断下列句子是否属于“主系表”结构。如果是“主系表”结构，请划出句子中的表语。 1. Anna speaks French.  2. Polly laughed.  3. Lily felt cold.  4. The picture looks beautiful.  5. It is dangerous.  6. You must wait.  7. Plants need water and sun.  8. The students are in the classroom. 【答案】 1. 不是“主系表”结构，是“主谓宾”结构。 2. 不是“主系表”结构，是“主谓”结构。 3. 是“主系表”结构，表语是cold。 4. 是“主系表”结构，表语是beautiful。 5. 是“主系表”结构，表语是dangerous。 6. 不是“主系表”结构，是含情态动词的“主谓”结构。 7. 不是“主系表”结构，是“主谓宾”结构。 8. 是“主系表”结构，表语是in the classroom。 3. 常见系动词用法 (1) be动词 · be动词用作系动词，可以译为“是”，或不翻译。使用时，要根据主语人称进行变化，并且有时态变化。 如：He was a doctor. They are from France. · 动名词作表语时，注意与进行时区分。动名词作表语时说明主语的职责，功能等，与主语是对等的关系。 如：Her job is looking after babies.(looking after babies是表语，与主语her job是对等关系) She is looking after the baby.(is looking after是现在进行时) (2) 感官系动词 常用感官系动词有look(看起来)；sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；smell(闻起来)；feel(感觉起来，摸起来)等。watch，see，notice等是感官动词，不能用作系动词。 感官系动词后一般跟形容词作表语。 如：The sweater feels comfortable. The food smells bad. (3) “保持”类系动词 这类系动词表示人或事物的状态保持一致，没有发生变化。常见的有keep；stay；remain等。 如：Mr. Green kept silent in the meeting. The bird remained in the tree. (4) “变化”类系动词 描述人或事物的状态发生某种变化，用“变化”类系动词。常见的有become；turn；get；go；come等。 它们的用法有一些区别，总的来说： · become和get都可以表示人的情感和身体变化，也可以表示自然或社会的变化。become比get更正式。 如：It becomes colder and colder. The boys were getting bored. · go后常跟表示不好的变化的形容词，如bad,terrible,blind等。或者表示颜色的形容词。come后常跟表示好的变化的形容词，如true,right等。或者表示状态的形容词。 如：The food went bad. His face went red when seeing Linda. Everything will come right in the end. · go和turn均用以指颜色的变化。turn还常用于表示天气变化。 如：The leaves were turning brown. The leaves were turning brown. (5) “好像”类系动词 表示“好像，似乎，显得”，常见的有seem；appear等。它们后常跟形容词、不定式结构或用于It seems/appears that句型。 如： He seems a nice man. She appeared to be in her late thirties. It seems that they know what they're doing. (6) “终止类”系动词 这类系动词表示主语动作已终止。常见的有prove(证明是，后来被发现是)，turn out(结果是，原来是，事实证明)等。 如：The event turns out a big success. [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—How is the weather in Australia now? —It ________ sunny and hot every day in summer. A．is B．was C．will be D．are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——澳大利亚现在的天气怎么样？——夏天每天都是晴朗且炎热的。 is是；was是（过去式）；will be将是；are是。主语是It，be动词应用单数形式，排除D；根据“every day in summer”可知，描述的是经常性状态或客观事实，应用一般现在时，应填is。 2．The cheesecake tastes so ________. I can’t stop eating. A．good B．well C．bad D．badly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这芝士蛋糕尝起来如此美味。我吃得停不下来。 good好的(形容词)；well好(副词)；bad坏的(形容词)；badly糟糕地(副词)。taste是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。根据“I can’t stop eating.”可知蛋糕味道很好。 3．Jerry looks ________. What is wrong with him? A．happy B．happily C．unhappily D．unhappy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：杰瑞看起来不开心，他怎么了？ happy高兴的；happily高兴地；unhappily不高兴地；unhappy不高兴的。根据“Jerry looks…What is wrong with him?”可知，look是感官动词，后接形容词作表语，且由问句可知他状态不佳，推测是不开心，应填unhappy。 4．—Do you like the picture by Bob White? —Yes, it ________ nice and full of feeling! A．feels B．looks C．sounds D．tastes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你喜欢鲍勃·怀特的那幅画吗？——是的，它看起来很美且充满感情！ feels摸起来/感觉；looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来。根据“Do you like the picture”可知，主语是画，属于视觉对象，应用looks。 5．Mo Yan is a famous writer now, but he ________ a true son of the soil (土地). A．has B．gets C．remains D．may be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莫言现在是一位著名作家，但他仍然是地地道道的农民。 考查动词辨析。has有；gets得到；remains依然是、保持；may be可能是。根据“but”表转折的逻辑，前半句说莫言是著名作家，后半句应表达他“依然是”地地道道的农民，remains符合语境。故选C。 6．This week, the weather ________ to change every day: One day is hot, while the next is cold. A．seems B．looks C．sounds D．feels 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这周，天气似乎每天都在变化：一天热，第二天就冷。 考查动词辨析。seems似乎；looks看起来；sounds听起来；feels摸起来，感觉起来。根据下文“One day is hot, while the next is cold.”可知，一天热，第二天就冷，所以此处是指天气似乎在变化；考查seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”，固定搭配。故选A。 4. “主系表”句型的句型转换 (1) 含be动词的主系表结构句子的句型转化 · 肯定句变否定句时，在be动词后加not。 如：He is a teacher. → He is not(isn’t) a teacher. · 陈述句变一般疑问句时，将be动词提至句首。 如：My father was angry. → Was your father angry? (2) 含其他系动词的主系表句子的句型转化 · 肯定句变否定句时，在系动词前加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t等。 如：The man looks worried. → Does the man look worried? · 陈述句变一般疑问句时，在句首借助do/does/did等。 如：She got angry. → Did she got angry? [随学随练] 按要求完成句子 1．This dress is very comfortable. (改为否定句) 【答案】This dress isn’t very comfortable. 2．There’s some water on the ground. (改为否定句) 【答案】There isn’t any water on the ground. 3．I was shocked to see the sudden change. (改为一般疑问句) 【答案】 Were you shocked to see the sudden change? 4．The soup tastes nice.（对划线部分提问） 【答案】 How does the soup taste? 5．He became a doctor two years ago. (改为一般疑问句) 【答案】 Did he become a doctor two years ago ? 6．My grandpa keeps fit by taking exercise. （对划线部分提问） 【答案】How does your grandpa keep fit? 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) He ________ happy when he was young. A．didn’t be B．wasn’t C．weren’t D．isn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当他年轻时，他不快乐。 “happy”是形容词，此空需填be动词。由时间状语“when he was young”可知句子时态为一般过去时；主语He是第三人称单数，be动词过去式应用was，其否定形式为wasn’t。 (2) —What ________ elephants like, Fred? —They are ________, clever and kind. They are an important part of nature. A．is; playful B．are; playing C．are; playful D．is; playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——弗雷德，大象是什么样子的？——它们是爱玩的、聪明的且友善的。它们是大自然的重要组成部分。 is是；playful爱玩耍的；are是；playing正在玩。第一空主语elephants为复数，be动词用are；第二空与clever、kind并列，需用形容词playful表示特征，playing为现在分词。应填are；playful。 (3) —What colour are they? —The trousers are blue and this pair of glasses ________ black. A．am B．be C．are D．is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——它们是什么颜色？——裤子是蓝色的，这副眼镜是黑色的。 考查主谓一致。am是，用于主语为I；be是，原形；are是，用于复数或you；is是，用于单数。根据“The trousers are blue and this pair of glasses...black.”可知，主语this pair of glasses的中心词是pair（单数），表示“一副眼镜”，谓语动词需用单数形式。故选D。 (4) The music ________ exciting. I want to listen again. A．smells B．looks C．sounds D．tastes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这首音乐听起来很激动人心。我想再听一遍。 考查动词辨析。smells闻起来；looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来。根据“The music”和“exciting”可知，音乐应是通过听觉感知的，因此用“sounds”表示“听起来”。故选C。 (5) The hot dish ________ very good, because my dad cooks it ________. A．tastes; good B．feels; good C．sounds; well D．tastes; well 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这道热菜尝起来很好，因为我爸爸做得很好。 考查感官动词及副词用法。tastes尝起来； good好；feels摸起来；sounds听起来；well好，副词。根据“The hot dish…very good”可知，第一空描述热菜的味道，用tastes；第二空修饰动词cooks，用副词well。故选D。 (6) The little girl looks so ________ in the red dress. A．beautifully B．lovely C．politely D．wonderfully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小女孩穿着红裙子看起来如此可爱。 考查词汇辨析和系动词的用法。beautifully漂亮地（副词）；lovely可爱的（形容词）；politely礼貌地（副词）；wonderfully精彩地（副词）。句中“looks”是系动词，后应接形容词作表语，只有lovely是形容词，此处指看起来是可爱的。故选B。 (7) He doesn’t ________ to have many friends. A．look B．seems C．seem D．look like 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他好像没有很多朋友。 考查系动词seem的用法。根据seem to do sth“似乎做某事”可知，此空填seem；一般现在时的否定句，借助了助动词doesn’t，后面的动词用动词原形。故选C。 (8) The young couple decorated the house for the first time, and lots of things________during that time. A．go wrong B．go wrongly C．went wrong D．went wrongly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这对年轻夫妻第一次装饰这个房子，所以在那段时间，很多事情都出错了。根据时间状语during that time可知这是一般过去时，故排除A,B；另外这里的go是系动词，故后跟形容词作表语，故填went wrong, 故选C。 (9) Clothes made of silk ________ softer than those made of cotton. A．are felt B．feel C．are feeling D．is felt 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：由丝制成的衣服比由棉花制成的衣服感觉起来更柔软。feel半系动词，没有被动结构。描述现在的事实，用一般现在时，故选B。 (10) When the boy heard the words, his face ______ red. A．got B．turned C．changed 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：当男孩听了这些话，他的脸变红了。A. got变得B. turned变得；C. change改变，变化。与颜色连用时，用turn。故选B。 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) The woman with two boxes ________ (be) coming into the room. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：提着两个箱子的女人正走进房间。句子主语为The woman，是第三人称单数，with two boxes是后置定语，不影响主语的单复数；句子用现在进行时，be动词用is。 (2) This pair of shoes ________ (be) for my brother. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：这双鞋是给我弟弟的。句子时态为一般现在时，主语This pair of shoes表示“这双鞋”，为单数，be动词应用is。 (3) After a day’s hard work, a good rest makes me feel ________ (comfort). 【答案】comfortable 【详解】句意：在一天的辛苦工作后，好好休息一下让我感觉很舒服。feel是感官动词，后接形容词，comfort是名词/动词，形容词形式是comfortable“舒服的”。故填comfortable。 (4) Look! Kitty is flying a kite and ________ (look) so happy. 【答案】looks 【详解】句意：看！基蒂正在放风筝，看起来很开心。look看起来，系动词；根据“Look!”及“is flying a kite”可知，句子时态为现在进行时，系动词通常用一般现在时表示当前状态，主语“Kitty”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“looks”，故填looks。 (5) The mooncake tastes a little bit ________ (salt) with the egg and the meat inside. 【答案】salty 【详解】句意：这个蛋黄和肉馅的月饼尝起来有点咸。salt“盐”，名词，根据taste“尝起来”为感官系动词可知此处应用形容词，其形容词salty“咸的”作表语，符合语境，故填salty。 (6) That sounds ________ (well). 【答案】good 【详解】句意：听起来不错。well“好”，副词，sound“听起来”为系动词，后接形容词作表语。故填good。 (7) I feel ________ (relax) after watching a comedy. 【答案】relaxed 【详解】句意：看完喜剧后我感到很放松。根据“I feel”可知，此处需填形容词。所给词relax“放松”为动词。主语是人，因此relax需用relaxed“感到放松的”作表语。故填relaxed。 (8) Ice cream tastes ________ (good). 【答案】good 【详解】句意：冰淇淋尝起来味道很好。good作形容词，意为“好的”，根据句子结构，“tastes”为感官动词，其后接形容词，在句中作表语。故填good。 (9) People will look ________ (calm) in white than in red. 【答案】calmer 【详解】句意：人们穿白色衣服比穿红色衣服看起来更沉着冷静。“look”译为“看起来”，是系动词，因此后面用形容词；根据than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，calm的比较级是calmer。故填calmer。 (10) Walt Disney became very rich and ________ (success) . 【答案】successful 【详解】句意：Walt Disney变得非常富有和成功。become作系动词讲为“变得”，系动词后跟形容词修饰，名词success需变成形容词successful。故填successful。 (11) Keep ________. The baby is sleeping.（silence） 【答案】silent 【详解】句意：保持安静。婴儿在睡觉。根据空后“The baby is sleeping.”可知，此处应该是保持安静。空格处所给参考单词为silence。根据英语语法，“keep +形容词”意为“保持……、继续处于某种状态”，其中keep作系动词，名词silence的形容词形式为silent，故答案为silent。 (12) The food in this restaurant is quite expensive, but it tastes ________ (badly). 【答案】bad 【详解】句意：这家餐馆的饭菜很贵，但味道很差。题空前“taste”为系动词，后跟形容词作表语；badly副词，形容词为bad。故填bad。   (13) Emma and Ella ________ twins. They come from the US. (be) 【答案】are 【详解】句意：艾玛和艾拉是双胞胎。她们来自美国。本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“Emma and Ella”为复数，因此be动词用are。故填are。 (14) Nothing __________ (be) more important than health in our life. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：在我们的生活中，没有什么比健康更重要。不定代词“Nothing”在句中作主语时，谓语用单数，且句子为一般现在时陈述事实，be动词用is。故填is。 3. 补全句子 (1) 他几乎没有朋友，他似乎很难相处。 He has few friends, and he __________ __________ to get along with. 【答案】 seems difficult/hard 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，根据“He has few friends”可知，句子时态为一般现在时。此处缺“似乎很难”，“似乎”用“seem”，主语he为第三人称单数，一般现在时用seems；“很难相处”用“difficult/hard to get along with”，形容词作表语。故填seems； difficult/hard。 (2) 一些“红色故事”听起来令人激动。 Some “red stories”__________ __________. 【答案】 sound exciting 【详解】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“听起来令人激动” 。其中“听起来”在英语里常用系动词“sound”来表达，主语“Some ‘red stories’”是复数，一般现在时中系动词用原形“sound” ；“令人激动”修饰事物“stories” ，要用形容词“exciting”（“-ing”结尾形容词常用来描述事物本身具有的性质，即“令人……的” ）。所以从语义匹配和语法规则看，依次填入“sound”“exciting” ，句子“Some ‘red stories’ sound exciting”就能准确对应“一些‘红色故事’听起来令人激动”的意思，故答案为sound；exciting。 (3) 当你感到疲惫，你可以使用手机去找到令人放松的地方。 When you __________ __________, you can use your mobile phones to find somewhere relaxing. 【答案】feel tired 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“感到疲惫”，对应英文为feel tired。时态为一般现在时，主语是you，因此填入动词原形。故填feel tired。 (4) 我不想变胖，所以我不吃冰激凌。 I don’t want to __________ __________, so I don’t eat ice-cream. 【答案】 be/become/get fat 【详解】根据句意可知，空格处为“变胖”。“变得”be/become/get；“胖的”fat。根据“want to”可知，want to do sth.“想做某事”，故第一空应用动词原形。故填be/become/get；fat。 (5) 无论发生什么，你都要保持冷静。 You should__________ __________no matter what happens. 【答案】keep cool/stay cool/keep calm/stay calm/remain cool/remain calm/calm down 【详解】情态动词should后接动词原形。“保持”可用系代词keep、stay或remain，其后接形容词；“冷静”在此可用形容词cool或calm；“保持冷静”还可以用动词短语calm down。故填keep cool / stay cool / keep calm / stay calm / remain cool / remain calm / calm down。 (6) 平衡饮食能使你保持健康。 Eating a balanced diet can make you__________ __________. 【答案】 keep/stay healthy 【详解】根据“make sb. do”可知，第一空用动词原形；保持健康：keep healthy/stayhealthy。故填keep/stay；healthy。 (7) 这道菜看起来不错，味道甚至更好。 This dish__________ __________and tastes even better. 【答案】looks good 【详解】look good“看起来不错”，结合“and tastes”可知，动词look也应用三单形式。故填looks good。 (8) 我百分之三十的同学对拉小提琴感兴趣。 Thirty per cent of my classmates __________ __________in playing the violin. 【答案】are interested 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“感兴趣”。“对……感兴趣”的英文表达为“be interested in (doing) sth.”，且该句描述的为一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语“Thirty per cent of my classmates”表示复数概念，be动词应用are。故填are interested。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 阅读文章，根据上下文填写适当的系动词。 In a small town, there was a cozy little bakery. Every morning, as soon as the baker opened the door, the warm and inviting smell of freshly baked bread spread through the street. Passers-by were drawn to the store. Inside, the loaves of bread 1 golden-brown and perfectly baked. The baker’s special honey-glazed rolls 2 especially appealing. When customers took a bite, the bread 3 soft and fluffy, and the honey 4 just the right amount of sweetness. The bakery also sold a variety of cakes. The chocolate cake, with its rich frosting, 5 decadent. One look at it and people 6 their mouths watering. As the day went on, the bakery 7 crowded with locals. The atmosphere 8 friendly and lively. The sound of people chatting and laughing 9 like music to the baker’s ears. In the afternoon, the baker would start making pies. The apple pie, with its flaky crust, 10 amazing. When it was served warm, the apples 11 tender and full of flavor. Evening came, and as the sun set, the lights in the bakery 12 warm and comforting. The bakery had 13 a favorite place for everyone in the town, a place where good food and good company came together to create wonderful memories. 【答案】 1．looked 2．looked 3．felt 4．tasted 5．looked 6．felt 7．became 8．felt 9．sounded 10．smelled 11．tasted 12．looked 13．become 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个小镇上温馨的面包店，描述了面包店里的各种美食以及顾客们的愉快体验。 1．句意：里面的面包看起来金黄酥脆，烤得恰到好处。根据“the loaves of bread...golden-brown”可知，面包看起来金黄，look“看起来”，且时态是一般过去时，故用过去式。故填looked。 2．句意：面包师特制的蜂蜜釉面包卷尤其吸引人。根据“The baker’s special honey-glazed rolls”可知，面包看起来很诱人；look“看起来”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填looked。 3．句意：当顾客咬一口时，面包柔软蓬松。根据“soft and fluffy, ”可知，“feel+形容词”表示“摸起来/给……感觉”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填felt。 4．句意：蜂蜜增添了恰到好处的甜味。根据“and the honey”可知，这里表示蜂蜜尝起来美味；“taste+形容词”表“尝起来……”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填tasted。 5．句意：巧克力蛋糕，配上浓郁的糖霜，看起来非常奢华。根据“The chocolate cake, with its rich frosting,”可知，这里表示巧克力看起来很奢华。look“看起来”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填looked。 6．句意：人们一看到它，就觉得口水直流。根据“their mouths watering.”可知，这里表示巧克力诱人，让人止不住流口水。“feel+宾语+doing”，表示“感觉……处于某种状态”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填felt。 7．句意：随着时间的推移，面包店变得挤满了当地人。根据“crowded with locals.”可知，become crowded with是固定表达，表示“变得挤满……”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填became。 8．句意：氛围友好而热闹。根据“friendly and lively.”可知，“feel+形容词”表“给……感觉”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填felt。 9．句意：人们聊天和欢笑的声音在面包师听来像音乐一样。根据“like music to the baker’s ears.”可知，sound like是固定短语，表示“听起来像”；且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填sounded。 10．句意：苹果派，酥脆的外皮，非常美味。根据“The apple pie, with its flaky crust”可知，这里表示苹果派闻起来美味；“smell+形容词”表“闻起来……”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填smelled。 11．句意：当它被热腾腾地端上来时，苹果又嫩又美味。根据“tender and full of flavor.”可知，这里表示苹果吃起来很香甜。“taste+形容词”表“尝起来……”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填tasted。 12．句意：傍晚时分，太阳落山，面包店里的灯光看起来温暖而舒适。根据“Evening came, and as the sun set, the lights in the bakery”可知，这里表示傍晚时分的灯光看起来很温暖舒适。“look+形容词”表“看起来……”；且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填looked。 13．句意：面包店已经成为镇上每个人最喜欢的地方。根据“a favorite place for everyone in the town,”可知，这里表示面包店逐渐变成每个人最喜欢的地方。“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时，become的过去分词是become，故填become。 2. 翻译句子。 (1) 这道菜看起来很美味！ 【答案】This dish looks delicious! (2) 露西很友好，而且总是乐于助人。（and; be ready to） 【答案】Lucy is very friendly and she is always ready to help others. (3) —那些是你的书吗？ —不，不是。 【答案】—Are those your books? —No, they aren’t. (4) 事实上，这件丝绸衬衣穿在那位女士身上看起来很好看。 【答案】In fact, this silk shirt looks very nice on that lady. (5) 这个蛋糕尝起来甜吗？(taste) 【答案】Does this cake taste sweet? (6) 我的新床摸起来感觉很硬。(feel) 【答案】My new bed feels hard. (7) 春天天气变暖和了。 【答案】It/The weather gets warm in spring. (8) 她很有耐心，能成为一名优秀的教师。 【答案】She is very patient and can/ will make/become/be an excellent teacher. (9) 在图书馆我们应该保持安静。 【答案】We should keep quiet in the library. (10) 那个微笑着的女孩似乎对每个人都很有耐心。 【答案】The smiling girl seems (to be) patient with everyone./ It seems that the smiling girl is patient with everyone. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Food matters 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 系动词 1. 动词分类 英语中动词根据用法不同，分成以下四大类： (1) 实义动词 实义动词意义完全，在句子中可以独立充当谓语。根据其后是否能直接接宾语，分类及物动词(如：like;give;play等)和不及物动词(如：agree;happen;come等)。 如：Please pass me the salt. He went to the park yesterday afternoon. (2) 情态动词 情态动词是表示说话人语气、情态的动词，不能独立作谓语，要和实义动词一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有can; could; must; may; should等。 如：She can play basketball. (3) 系动词 系动词是连接主语和表语的动词，不能独立作谓语，必须后接表语，和表语一起构成谓语。常见系动词有taste;feel;be;become;turn;remain等。 如：The food tastes good. (4) 助动词 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词、系动词等一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定句，疑问句等。常见助动词有：do;does;did;will;be;have等。 如：Do you have a ping-ping ball? Does she feel angry? [随学随练] 判断下列划线动词属于那一类动词。 1. What brings people together? 2. She is looking at the picture. 3. Linda is from Spain. 4. The Greens went to Beijing for holiday. 5. The girl can play three kinds of instruments. 6. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 7. Does your sister work in a car factory? 8. Everyone should wait in line. 2. 系动词基本用法 (1) 系动词不能单独作谓语，必须后接表语，和表语一起构成谓语。整个句型成为“主系表”句型。 如：The weather is getting cooler and cooler. (2) 表语是表明主语身份、状态、性质等的成分，通常由名词、形容词、介词短语。副词一般不充当表语，部分表示地点、状态的副词也可以充当表语。 如：He is a doctor. (名词作表语) Lucy is kind. (形容词作表语) My grandpa is usually at home in the afternoon. (介词短语作表语) The light is on. (副词作状语) His brother is abroad. (副词作状语) [随学随练] 判断下列句子是否属于“主系表”结构。如果是“主系表”结构，请划出句子中的表语。 1. Anna speaks French.  2. Polly laughed.  3. Lily felt cold.  4. The picture looks beautiful.  5. It is dangerous.  6. You must wait.  7. Plants need water and sun.  8. The students are in the classroom. 3. 常见系动词用法 (1) be动词 · be动词用作系动词，可以译为“是”，或不翻译。使用时，要根据主语人称进行变化，并且有时态变化。 如：He was a doctor. They are from France. · 动名词作表语时，注意与进行时区分。动名词作表语时说明主语的职责，功能等，与主语是对等的关系。 如：Her job is looking after babies.(looking after babies是表语，与主语her job是对等关系) She is looking after the baby.(is looking after是现在进行时) (2) 感官系动词 常用感官系动词有look(看起来)；sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；smell(闻起来)；feel(感觉起来，摸起来)等。watch，see，notice等是感官动词，不能用作系动词。 感官系动词后一般跟形容词作表语。 如：The sweater feels comfortable. The food smells bad. (3) “保持”类系动词 这类系动词表示人或事物的状态保持一致，没有发生变化。常见的有keep；stay；remain等。 如：Mr. Green kept silent in the meeting. The bird remained in the tree. (4) “变化”类系动词 描述人或事物的状态发生某种变化，用“变化”类系动词。常见的有become；turn；get；go；come等。 它们的用法有一些区别，总的来说： · become和get都可以表示人的情感和身体变化，也可以表示自然或社会的变化。become比get更正式。 如：It becomes colder and colder. The boys were getting bored. · go后常跟表示不好的变化的形容词，如bad,terrible,blind等。或者表示颜色的形容词。come后常跟表示好的变化的形容词，如true,right等。或者表示状态的形容词。 如：The food went bad. His face went red when seeing Linda. Everything will come right in the end. · go和turn均用以指颜色的变化。turn还常用于表示天气变化。 如：The leaves were turning brown. The leaves were turning brown. (5) “好像”类系动词 表示“好像，似乎，显得”，常见的有seem；appear等。它们后常跟形容词、不定式结构或用于It seems/appears that句型。 如： He seems a nice man. She appeared to be in her late thirties. It seems that they know what they're doing. (6) “终止类”系动词 这类系动词表示主语动作已终止。常见的有prove(证明是，后来被发现是)，turn out(结果是，原来是，事实证明)等。 如：The event turns out a big success. [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—How is the weather in Australia now? —It ________ sunny and hot every day in summer. A．is B．was C．will be D．are 2．The cheesecake tastes so ________. I can’t stop eating. A．good B．well C．bad D．badly 3．Jerry looks ________. What is wrong with him? A．happy B．happily C．unhappily D．unhappy 4．—Do you like the picture by Bob White? —Yes, it ________ nice and full of feeling! A．feels B．looks C．sounds D．tastes 5．Mo Yan is a famous writer now, but he ________ a true son of the soil (土地). A．has B．gets C．remains D．may be 6．This week, the weather ________ to change every day: One day is hot, while the next is cold. A．seems B．looks C．sounds D．feels 4. “主系表”句型的句型转换 (1) 含be动词的主系表结构句子的句型转化 · 肯定句变否定句时，在be动词后加not。 如：He is a teacher. → He is not(isn’t) a teacher. · 陈述句变一般疑问句时，将be动词提至句首。 如：My father was angry. → Was your father angry? (2) 含其他系动词的主系表句子的句型转化 · 肯定句变否定句时，在系动词前加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t等。 如：The man looks worried. → Does the man look worried? · 陈述句变一般疑问句时，在句首借助do/does/did等。 如：She got angry. → Did she got angry? [随学随练] 按要求完成句子 1．This dress is very comfortable. (改为否定句) 2．There’s some water on the ground. (改为否定句) 3．I was shocked to see the sudden change. (改为一般疑问句) 4．The soup tastes nice.（对划线部分提问） 5．He became a doctor two years ago. (改为一般疑问句) 6．My grandpa keeps fit by taking exercise. （对划线部分提问） 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) He ________ happy when he was young. A．didn’t be B．wasn’t C．weren’t D．isn’t (2) —What ________ elephants like, Fred? —They are ________, clever and kind. They are an important part of nature. A．is; playful B．are; playing C．are; playful D．is; playing (3) —What colour are they? —The trousers are blue and this pair of glasses ________ black. A．am B．be C．are D．is (4) The music ________ exciting. I want to listen again. A．smells B．looks C．sounds D．tastes (5) The hot dish ________ very good, because my dad cooks it ________. A．tastes; good B．feels; good C．sounds; well D．tastes; well (6) The little girl looks so ________ in the red dress. A．beautifully B．lovely C．politely D．wonderfully (7) He doesn’t ________ to have many friends. A．look B．seems C．seem D．look like (8) The young couple decorated the house for the first time, and lots of things________during that time. A．go wrong B．go wrongly C．went wrong D．went wrongly (9) Clothes made of silk ________ softer than those made of cotton. A．are felt B．feel C．are feeling D．is felt (10) When the boy heard the words, his face ______ red. A．got B．turned C．changed 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) The woman with two boxes ________ (be) coming into the room. (2) This pair of shoes ________ (be) for my brother. (3) After a day’s hard work, a good rest makes me feel ________ (comfort). (4) Look! Kitty is flying a kite and ________ (look) so happy. (5) The mooncake tastes a little bit ________ (salt) with the egg and the meat inside. (6) That sounds ________ (well). (7) I feel ________ (relax) after watching a comedy. (8) Ice cream tastes ________ (good). (9) People will look ________ (calm) in white than in red. (10) Walt Disney became very rich and ________ (success) . (11) Keep ________. The baby is sleeping.（silence） (12) The food in this restaurant is quite expensive, but it tastes ________ (badly). (13) Emma and Ella ________ twins. They come from the US. (be) (14) Nothing __________ (be) more important than health in our life. 3. 补全句子 (1) 他几乎没有朋友，他似乎很难相处。 He has few friends, and he __________ __________ to get along with. (2) 一些“红色故事”听起来令人激动。 Some “red stories”__________ __________. (3) 当你感到疲惫，你可以使用手机去找到令人放松的地方。 When you __________ __________, you can use your mobile phones to find somewhere relaxing. (4) 我不想变胖，所以我不吃冰激凌。 I don’t want to __________ __________, so I don’t eat ice-cream. (5) 无论发生什么，你都要保持冷静。 You should__________ __________no matter what happens. (6) 平衡饮食能使你保持健康。 Eating a balanced diet can make you__________ __________. (7) 这道菜看起来不错，味道甚至更好。 This dish__________ __________and tastes even better. (8) 我百分之三十的同学对拉小提琴感兴趣。 Thirty per cent of my classmates __________ __________in playing the violin. 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 阅读文章，根据上下文填写适当的系动词。 In a small town, there was a cozy little bakery. Every morning, as soon as the baker opened the door, the warm and inviting smell of freshly baked bread spread through the street. Passers-by were drawn to the store. Inside, the loaves of bread 1 golden-brown and perfectly baked. The baker’s special honey-glazed rolls 2 especially appealing. When customers took a bite, the bread 3 soft and fluffy, and the honey 4 just the right amount of sweetness. The bakery also sold a variety of cakes. The chocolate cake, with its rich frosting, 5 decadent. One look at it and people 6 their mouths watering. As the day went on, the bakery 7 crowded with locals. The atmosphere 8 friendly and lively. The sound of people chatting and laughing 9 like music to the baker’s ears. In the afternoon, the baker would start making pies. The apple pie, with its flaky crust, 10 amazing. When it was served warm, the apples 11 tender and full of flavor. Evening came, and as the sun set, the lights in the bakery 12 warm and comforting. The bakery had 13 a favorite place for everyone in the town, a place where good food and good company came together to create wonderful memories. 2. 翻译句子。 (1) 这道菜看起来很美味！ (2) 露西很友好，而且总是乐于助人。（and; be ready to） (3) —那些是你的书吗？ —不，不是。 (4) 事实上，这件丝绸衬衣穿在那位女士身上看起来很好看。 (5) 这个蛋糕尝起来甜吗？(taste) (6) 我的新床摸起来感觉很硬。(feel) (7) 春天天气变暖和了。 (8) 她很有耐心，能成为一名优秀的教师。 (9) 在图书馆我们应该保持安静。 (10) 那个微笑着的女孩似乎对每个人都很有耐心。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $