Unit 7 Space exploration（读写综合专练）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

Unit 7 Space exploration 读写综合专练 话题：人与自然—航天与航空 基础篇 01 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。 The first person that landed on the moon is Neil Alden Armstrong, an American astronaut. He landed on the moon in 1969. When can China land astronauts on the moon? Here is the good news. Before 2030, China plans to send astronauts to the moon. For the great plan, scientists made a new rocket—the Long March-10 and a new spaceship. The Long March-10 is 88.5 metres tall. It will have its first flight (飞行) in 2027. As for the new spaceship, it is different from the Shenzhou spaceships. It has two parts. One is the return capsule (返回舱). It is the centre of the whole spaceship and the living space for the astronauts. The other is the service module (舱) and it is the power centre. The spaceship and the rocket will send Chinese astronauts to the moon together. “After arriving, our astronauts will walk on the moon, collect samples (样本) and do some research. So we can know more about the moon,” an officer of the China Manned Space Agency said. “And I hope more and more Chinese astronauts will land on the moon after 2030.” 1. When did Neil Alden Armstrong land on the moon? _______________________________________________________ 2. How tall is the Long March-10? _______________________________________________________ 3. How many parts does the new spaceship have? _______________________________________________________ 4. What will the astronauts do after arriving on the moon? _______________________________________________________ 5. What is the officer’s hope? _______________________________________________________ 02 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 This year, the First Class for New School Year moved the classroom to the Chinese space station. Through the “heaven and earth connection” way, three astronauts—Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo were asked to give a special “space teaching” to students. Tang prepared two scientific experiments for the students—drinking tea with chopsticks and growing sweet potatoes in space. Tang said, “The road of life is long. Don’t give up your dream because of difficulties. Work hard and our future is always full of hope.” Liu Boming showed students the space station with a Vlog. Liu also showed students his beautiful handwriting. He wrote two Chinese characters “理想” on a piece of paper. In this way, he hoped all the young students could dream big. It is the third time for the 57-year-old Nie to fly to space. He said when he was a child, he had a dream that he got two big wings and flew to the sky. From then on, he dreamed of being a pilot. Although he came from a normal family, he realized (实现) his dream of flying in the blue sky. He is flying higher and higher through hard work. At the same time, just like all the other Chinese astronauts, he is always fighting for our space dream! 1. Who gave the students a special lesson in space this year? _______________________________________ 2. What were Tang’s two experiments? _______________________________________ 3. Why did Liu write two Chinese characters “理想”? _______________________________________ 4. How many times has Nie flown to space? _______________________________________ 5. How did Nie make his dream come true? _______________________________________ 03 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整切题。 On June 5, 2022, China launched (发射) the crewed spaceship Shenzhou-14. It sent three astronauts—Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe to its space station for a six-month mission (任务). This is the second time Chen and Liu have gone into space. Liu Yang, a Chinese pilot (飞行员) and astronaut, was born in Henan Province on October 6, 1978. She worked very hard in her studies and was a top student in her class. Her classmates said that she was friendly and good at solving all kinds of problems. When facing difficulties, she never gave up. When Liu Yang finished high school, one of her teachers advised her to join the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. She did so in 1997. By 2010, she had been an excellent pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience. After two years of astronaut training, she became one of the crew (乘组) of Shenzhou-IX. On June 16, 2012, Shenzhou-IX was launched. Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman astronaut to go into space. 1. How long did Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe stay in the space station? _____________________________________________ 2. Where was Liu Yang born? _____________________________________________ 3. What was Liu Yang good at when she was a student? _____________________________________________ 4. Who advised Liu Yang to join the People’s Liberation Army Air Force? _____________________________________________ 5. When did Liu Yang first go into space? _____________________________________________ 04 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整切题。 Space travel is nothing new. The first spacecraft with a human was sent up into space in 1961. Since then, people have not only traveled to space, but also many of them have lived there in space stations for some time. The Soviet Union(前苏联) sent the first space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut 1. Salyut 1 was designed as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations. At about the same time, the United States built its own space station, called Skylab. Astronauts visited and often lived in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasn’t until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a longer time. Mir stayed in space from 1989 until 2001, when it was decided that the space station was too old and no longer safe to live in. Living in space stations seems to be fun, but astronauts face many problems. One of them is food. All the meals on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle. Because the food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat many other foods such as dried meat that do not need special care. Without the help of gravity(重力), sitting down to eat can be tough. Astronauts sometimes have to fix themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be so careful that food does not float away. 1. When was the first manned spacecraft sent into space? ___________________________________________________________ 2. What was the name of the first space station? ___________________________________________________________ 3. How long did Mir stay in space? ___________________________________________________________ 4. How to keep the food fresh in the space station? ___________________________________________________________ 5. What can be difficult in weightless environment? ___________________________________________________________ 05 阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息回答问题。 On October 12, 2022, students from all over the country took the third live class from China’s space station. Shenzhou-14 members Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe gave the class to students on the earth. At the beginning of the 50-minute class, the astronauts showed the new “classroom”, the Wentian lab module (问天实验舱). They worked and lived there. It became part of China’s space station in July last year. The astronauts did four interesting experiments (实验) in the microgravity (微重力) environment. Liu Yang tried drinking mango juice with a two-meter straw and she made it! Another experiment showed that a water ball became “lazy” after a small steel ball was put inside it. Chen Dong made two T-handles “dance” on the space station... The astronauts also invited students to do the experiments on the earth. The students found the differences between space and the earth. “How interesting!” they said. The astronauts also answered questions from students like “how to become an astronaut” and “what kinds of plants they will grow in space in the future”. It was the first science class from the Wentian lab module and the third “Tiangong Class”. The first and second were given by the Shenzhou-13 members in the station’s Tianhe core module. The classes made a lot of young people fall in love with space science. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1. When did students take the third live class from China’s space station? __________________________________________________________ 2. How long was the live class? __________________________________________________________ 3. How did Liu Yang drink mango juice? __________________________________________________________ 4. What else did the students do after watching and doing the experiments? __________________________________________________________ 5. What may many young people do after having the space classes? __________________________________________________________ 06 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。 Dear students, I am glad to give a speech about space as a space scientist. In 2003, China sent its first astronaut, Yang Liwei into space. Since then, several other Chinese astronauts have “reached for the stars”. Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship took off on May 30th, 2023 and carried another 3 astronauts to the space station. And Jing Haipeng is a great astronaut who now is taking his fourth mission in the space. Among all the astronauts, Wang Yaping has even drawn worldwide attention. She is known to us because she was the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. Because of this, you start to wonder what you should do to become astronauts like these great men. Actually it is never easy to be an astronaut. Listen to the important things. Health is important To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. You’d better not have any small problems. For example, a decayed tooth (龋齿) could get worse in space and bring trouble to astronauts. Take hard training In China, you must be a great pilot (飞行员) first and fly more than 600 hours without accidents. And then you might start difficult training after becoming a backup (预备) astronaut. For example, you have to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet. This is like doing tasks during a spacewalk. Get much knowledge (知识) Knowledge is important as well. Astronauts must learn different subjects including math, English, physics. So they can do with emergencies (紧急情况) and do scientific experiments in space. However, it’s possible that backup astronauts can never go to space. During the Shenzhou XIII mission, only three astronauts could go into space. But there are another 13 backup astronauts. They are also heroes of this great space program. 1. Who is the first astronaut into space in China? ___________________________________ 2. How many times has Jing Haipeng been to the space before 2023? ___________________________________ 3. What must a great pilot do if he wants to be an astronaut? ___________________________________ 4. Where should the backup astronauts do tasks for six or seven hours without eating, underwater or in space? ___________________________________ 5. What are the three important things for the astronauts according to the scientist? ___________________________________ 07 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个小题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 In 2003, Shenzhou V was successfully launched. China sent its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, into space. Since then, several other Chinese astronauts have reached for the stars. Shenzhou-l6 manned spaceship took off on May 30th, 2023. In the same year, Shenzhou-17 with three astronauts also entered space successfully. It has stayed there for six months and it will be back at the end of April in 2024. Among all the astronauts, Wang Yaping was the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. That’s why she has even drawn worldwide attention. Actually, it is not easy to be an astronaut. To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. You’d better not have any small problems. For example, a decayed tooth (龋齿) could get worse in space and may bring trouble to astronauts. In China, you must be a great pilot first and fly more than 600 hours without accidents before being an astronaut. And then you might start difficult training after becoming a backup (预备) astronaut. For example, you have to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet. Astronauts must learn different subjects, including maths, English and physics. So they can do with emergencies (紧急情况) and do scientific experiments in space. However, it’s possible that backup astronauts can never go to space. During the Shenzhou XIII mission, only three astronauts could go into space. But there are another 13 backup astronauts. They are also heroes of this great space program. 1. Who was the first astronaut into space in China? _____________________________________ 2. How long has Shenzhou-17 stayed in space? _____________________________________ 3. Why has Wang Yaping drawn worldwide attention? _____________________________________ 4. What must a great pilot do if he or she wants to be an astronaut? _____________________________________ 5. Where should the backup astronauts do tasks for six or seven hours without eating, underwater or in space? _____________________________________ 培优篇 08 You can see cucumbers (黄瓜) hanging on vines (藤蔓). Wheat sprouts (发芽) from the soil. Purple eggplant (茄子) flowers come out. But you’re not on a farm. You are inside Yuegong, a closed lab at Beihang University in Beijing. An important experiment was once carried out in the lab. It is called Yuegong-365. Eight volunteers took turns to live by themselves. In January, 2018, four volunteers finished spending 200 days in the lab. This set a world record for the longest stay in a self-contained (自给自足的) space, China Daily reported. Then, another four volunteers lived in the lab and the experiment ended in May that year. The experiment could give scientists information that can be used to create better living areas for astronauts in space, Xinhua News Agency reported. Life in Yuegong was busy.Volunteers got up at 6:30 a. m. and went to bed at 11:30 p. m. Growing food was their daily activity. There were more than 30 kinds of vegetables and fruits for them to grow and eat. They even ate insects in order to get protein (蛋白质). They also recorded their body temperature, blood pressure and personal feelings every day. Scientists outside the lab used the information to monitor (监测) their health. Was living in the lab boring? No! With the Internet, volunteers could go online to read the news or watch TV shows. They also read books, wrote and even rode bikes. “There’s no time to be bored,” volunteer Hu Jingfei said. 1. The experiment called Yuegong-365 carried out in the ___________. (仅填1词) 2. Eight volunteers took turns to _______________________________________. (15个词以内) Fill in the blanks according to the passage. The experiment called Yuegong-365 What was the life in the lab like? *They started their day at 6: 30 a. m. and ended 17 hours later.   *They ate vegetables and plants grown by themselves, as well as insects to get protein. *They recorded their body temperature, 3 each day. (6个词以内) How did they feel? There was the Internet, books and bikes so they didn’t feel bored at all. What can the experiment do? It can help scientists create 4 in space. (5个词以内) 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. What do you think of the Yuegong-365 experiment? Use your own words. _________________________________________ (结合自身实际，20个词以内) 09 请仔细阅读下面的文章，回答下列问题。 The Shenzhou XVIII crew (成员) returned to Earth on Monday morning Nov. 4th, 2024, finishing a six-month mission onboard the Tiangong space station. The astronauts brought back 55 sets of experimental samples, with a total weight of 34.6 kilograms. These are related to 28 experimental projects, ranging from life sciences to microgravity combustion research (微重力燃烧研究). The spaceship’s reentry capsule (返回舱), carrying Ye Guangfu , Li Cong and Li Guangsu, flew for more than nine hours before touching down at 1:24 am at the Dongfeng Landing Site in the middle of the Gobi Desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. After landing on the earth, doctors checked outside the bell-shaped capsule, opened its hatch and examined the astronauts’ health. The Shenzhou XVIII crew members were then helped out of the capsule and seated on chairs, and they shared their experiences in a live program with a reporter from China Central Television. Mission commander Ye, who now holds the record among Chinese astronauts of spending the longest time in space, said he is grateful to the motherland and its people, as well as to all those taking part in the nation’s manned space programs. “Through this mission, I returned to the Tiangong space station and had an orbital journey for the second time. It gave me an opportunity to have a personal experience of the new developments made in our space industry,” he said. “We will always keep in mind the tasks given by the Party and the people, and continue to work hard to fulfill our duty in building our country into a great space power,” he added. Li Cong said the crew members cooperated very well with each other to achieve all the given tasks, noting that their two spacewalks were fully successful. He added that they will return for training as soon as possible, so that they can take part in future space missions. 1. When did the Shenzhou XVIII crew (成员) return to Earth? ___________________________________________________________ 2. According to the passage, what did the astronauts bring back? ___________________________________________________________ 3. Who now holds the record among Chinese astronauts of spending the longest time in space, Ye Guangfu, Li Cong or Li Guangsu? ___________________________________________________________ 4. What do the Shenzhou XVIII crew continue to do? ___________________________________________________________ 5. Why will Shenzhou XVIII crew return for training as soon as possible? ___________________________________________________________ 10 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship, China’s 14th manned spaceflight, was launched into space successfully on October 30th, 2024. It was sent into orbit by a Long March 2F car-rier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Inside the rocket are astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze. Wang Haoze is the first female spaceflight engineer for China. She was born in Luanping County, Hebei Province in 1990. Wang’s journey to becoming an astronaut was marked by hard work and perseverance. She faced lots of challenges during her training, but she never gave up. Her determination and strong will help her push through every difficulty. She is a role model for people around the world, showing that with hard work, big dreams, and perseverance, one can overcome any difficulty and achieve great things. The spaceship’s main job was to meet the China Space Station. It is expected to last for several months, during which the astronauts will contribute to the expansion and improvement of the space station. After some time in space, the astronauts will do many things, like doing scientific experiments, give science lessons and showing new technology. They will also go on spacewalks outside the space station. In conclusion, the successful launch of Shenzhou-19 is not only a technological achievement but also a symbol of China’s growing progress in space exploration. 1. When was the Shenzhou—19 crewed spaceship launched into space? __________________________________________________________ 2. How many astronauts are there inside the rocket? _________________________________________________________ 3. Who is the first female spaceflight engineer for China? _________________________________________________________ 4. Where is astronaut Wang Haoze from? _________________________________________________________ 5. What will the astronauts do in space? _________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Space exploration 读写综合专练 话题：人与自然—航天与航空 基础篇 01 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。 The first person that landed on the moon is Neil Alden Armstrong, an American astronaut. He landed on the moon in 1969. When can China land astronauts on the moon? Here is the good news. Before 2030, China plans to send astronauts to the moon. For the great plan, scientists made a new rocket—the Long March-10 and a new spaceship. The Long March-10 is 88.5 metres tall. It will have its first flight (飞行) in 2027. As for the new spaceship, it is different from the Shenzhou spaceships. It has two parts. One is the return capsule (返回舱). It is the centre of the whole spaceship and the living space for the astronauts. The other is the service module (舱) and it is the power centre. The spaceship and the rocket will send Chinese astronauts to the moon together. “After arriving, our astronauts will walk on the moon, collect samples (样本) and do some research. So we can know more about the moon,” an officer of the China Manned Space Agency said. “And I hope more and more Chinese astronauts will land on the moon after 2030.” 1. When did Neil Alden Armstrong land on the moon? _______________________________________________________ 2. How tall is the Long March-10? _______________________________________________________ 3. How many parts does the new spaceship have? _______________________________________________________ 4. What will the astronauts do after arriving on the moon? _______________________________________________________ 5. What is the officer’s hope? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1. He landed on the moon in 1969. 2. It is 88.5 metres tall. 3. The new spaceship has two parts. 4. They will walk on the moon, collect samples and do some research. 5. He hopes more and more Chinese astronauts will land on the moon after 2030. 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国的载人登月计划。文章先提及人类首次登月的史实，随后说明中国计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球，为此研发了长征十号火箭和新型载人飞船，并介绍了火箭与飞船的相关信息，以及宇航员登月后的任务与相关展望。   1. 根据“He landed on the moon in 1969.”可知，尼尔·奥尔登·阿姆斯特朗于1969年登上月球。故填He landed on the moon in 1969. 2. 根据“The Long March-10 is 88.5 metres tall.”可知，长征十号高88.5米。故填It is 88.5 metres tall. 3. 根据“As for the new spaceship, it is different from the Shenzhou spaceships. It has two parts.”可知，新型飞船有两部分。故填The new spaceship has two parts. 4. 根据“After arriving, our astronauts will walk on the moon, collect samples and do some research.”可知，宇航员到达月球后会在月球行走、采集样本并开展一些研究。故填They will walk on the moon, collect samples and do some research. 5. 根据“And I hope more and more Chinese astronauts will land on the moon after 2030.”可知，这位官员希望在2030年之后有越来越多的中国宇航员登上月球。故填He hopes more and more Chinese astronauts will land on the moon after 2030. 02 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 This year, the First Class for New School Year moved the classroom to the Chinese space station. Through the “heaven and earth connection” way, three astronauts—Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo were asked to give a special “space teaching” to students. Tang prepared two scientific experiments for the students—drinking tea with chopsticks and growing sweet potatoes in space. Tang said, “The road of life is long. Don’t give up your dream because of difficulties. Work hard and our future is always full of hope.” Liu Boming showed students the space station with a Vlog. Liu also showed students his beautiful handwriting. He wrote two Chinese characters “理想” on a piece of paper. In this way, he hoped all the young students could dream big. It is the third time for the 57-year-old Nie to fly to space. He said when he was a child, he had a dream that he got two big wings and flew to the sky. From then on, he dreamed of being a pilot. Although he came from a normal family, he realized (实现) his dream of flying in the blue sky. He is flying higher and higher through hard work. At the same time, just like all the other Chinese astronauts, he is always fighting for our space dream! 1. Who gave the students a special lesson in space this year? _______________________________________ 2. What were Tang’s two experiments? _______________________________________ 3. Why did Liu write two Chinese characters “理想”? _______________________________________ 4. How many times has Nie flown to space? _______________________________________ 5. How did Nie make his dream come true? _______________________________________ 【答案】1. Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo (gave the students a special lesson in space this year). 2. The two experiments / They were drinking tea with chopsticks and growing sweet potatoes in space. 3. Because he hoped all the young students could dream big. 4 He has flown to space three times./Three times. 5. He made his dream come true through hard work./Through hard work. 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了三位航天员在中国空间站为学生们进行太空授课的故事，并分享了他们的个人经历和梦想。 1. 根据“Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo were asked to give a special ‘space teaching’ to students.”可知，今年为学生们进行太空授课的是聂海胜、刘伯明和汤洪波。故填Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo (gave the students a special lesson in space this year). 2. 根据“Tang prepared two scientific experiments for the students—drinking tea with chopsticks and growing sweet potatoes in space.”可知，汤洪波准备的两个实验是用筷子喝茶和在太空种红薯。故填The two experiments / They were drinking tea with chopsticks and growing sweet potatoes in space. 3. 根据“In this way, he hoped all the young students could dream big.”可知，刘伯明写“理想”是为了鼓励年轻学生敢于有远大的梦想。故填Because he hoped all the young students could dream big. 4. 根据“It is the third time for the 57-year-old Nie to fly to space.”可知，聂海胜已经三次飞向太空。故填He has flown to space three times./Three times. 5. 根据“He is flying higher and higher through hard work.”可知，聂海胜通过努力工作实现了他的梦想。故填He made his dream come true through hard work./Through hard work. 03 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整切题。 On June 5, 2022, China launched (发射) the crewed spaceship Shenzhou-14. It sent three astronauts—Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe to its space station for a six-month mission (任务). This is the second time Chen and Liu have gone into space. Liu Yang, a Chinese pilot (飞行员) and astronaut, was born in Henan Province on October 6, 1978. She worked very hard in her studies and was a top student in her class. Her classmates said that she was friendly and good at solving all kinds of problems. When facing difficulties, she never gave up. When Liu Yang finished high school, one of her teachers advised her to join the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. She did so in 1997. By 2010, she had been an excellent pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience. After two years of astronaut training, she became one of the crew (乘组) of Shenzhou-IX. On June 16, 2012, Shenzhou-IX was launched. Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman astronaut to go into space. 1. How long did Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe stay in the space station? _____________________________________________ 2. Where was Liu Yang born? _____________________________________________ 3. What was Liu Yang good at when she was a student? _____________________________________________ 4. Who advised Liu Yang to join the People’s Liberation Army Air Force? _____________________________________________ 5. When did Liu Yang first go into space? _____________________________________________ 【答案】1. They stayed in the space station for six months. 2. She was born in Henan Province. 3. She was good at solving all kinds of problems. 4. One of her teachers did. 5. She first went into space on June 16, 2012. 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了神舟十四号飞船发射及其乘组任务，并聚焦于中国首位进入太空的女航天员刘洋的个人经历。 1. 根据第一段“It sent three astronauts—Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe to its space station for a six-month mission”可知，他们待在空间站六个月。故填They stayed in the space station for six months. 2. 根据第二段“Liu Yang, a Chinese pilot (飞行员) and astronaut, was born in Henan Province”可知，刘洋出生于河南。故填She was born in Henan Province. 3. 根据第二段“Her classmates said that she was friendly and good at solving all kinds of problems.”可知，刘洋在学生时代擅长解决各种问题。故填She was good at solving all kinds of problems. 4. 根据第二段“one of her teachers advised her to join the People’s Liberation Army Air Force.”可知，刘洋的一位老师建议她报考中国人民解放军空军。故填One of her teachers did. 5. 根据第三段“On June 16, 2012, Shenzhou-IX was launched. Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman astronaut to go into space.”可知，刘洋第一次进入太空是2012年6月16日。故填She first went into space on June 16, 2012. 04 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整切题。 Space travel is nothing new. The first spacecraft with a human was sent up into space in 1961. Since then, people have not only traveled to space, but also many of them have lived there in space stations for some time. The Soviet Union(前苏联) sent the first space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut 1. Salyut 1 was designed as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations. At about the same time, the United States built its own space station, called Skylab. Astronauts visited and often lived in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasn’t until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a longer time. Mir stayed in space from 1989 until 2001, when it was decided that the space station was too old and no longer safe to live in. Living in space stations seems to be fun, but astronauts face many problems. One of them is food. All the meals on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle. Because the food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat many other foods such as dried meat that do not need special care. Without the help of gravity(重力), sitting down to eat can be tough. Astronauts sometimes have to fix themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be so careful that food does not float away. 1. When was the first manned spacecraft sent into space? ___________________________________________________________ 2. What was the name of the first space station? ___________________________________________________________ 3. How long did Mir stay in space? ___________________________________________________________ 4. How to keep the food fresh in the space station? ___________________________________________________________ 5. What can be difficult in weightless environment? ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. The manned spacecraft was sent into space in 1961./In 1961. 2. The name of the first space station was Salyut 1./Salyut 1. 3. It stayed in space for 13 years./For 13 years. 4. The space station has a cool room to keep food fresh. 5. Sitting down to eat can be difficult in weightless environment./Sitting down to eat. 【解析】本文主要介绍了人类太空旅行的历史，特别是空间站的发展，包括苏联的Salyut系列和Mir空间站，以及美国的Skylab。 1. 根据“The first spacecraft with a human was sent up into space in 1961.”可知，第一艘载人宇宙飞船是在1961年发射的。故填The manned spacecraft was sent into space in 1961./In 1961. 2. 根据“The Soviet Union(前苏联) sent the first space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut 1.”可知，第一个太空站的名字叫Salyut 1。故填The name of the first space station was Salyut 1./Salyut 1. 3. 根据“Mir stayed in space from 1989 until 2001”可知，Mir在太空停留了从1989年到2001年，大约13年。故填It stayed in space for 13 years./For 13 years. 4. 根据“The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh.”可知，太空站没有冰箱，但有一个冷藏室来保持水果和蔬菜的新鲜。故填The space station has a cool room to keep food fresh. 5. 根据“Without the help of gravity(重力), sitting down to eat can be tough. Astronauts sometimes have to fix themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be so careful that food does not float away.”可知，在失重的环境中，坐下来吃饭可能会很困难。故填Sitting down to eat can be difficult in weightless environment./Sitting down to eat. 05 阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息回答问题。 On October 12, 2022, students from all over the country took the third live class from China’s space station. Shenzhou-14 members Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe gave the class to students on the earth. At the beginning of the 50-minute class, the astronauts showed the new “classroom”, the Wentian lab module (问天实验舱). They worked and lived there. It became part of China’s space station in July last year. The astronauts did four interesting experiments (实验) in the microgravity (微重力) environment. Liu Yang tried drinking mango juice with a two-meter straw and she made it! Another experiment showed that a water ball became “lazy” after a small steel ball was put inside it. Chen Dong made two T-handles “dance” on the space station... The astronauts also invited students to do the experiments on the earth. The students found the differences between space and the earth. “How interesting!” they said. The astronauts also answered questions from students like “how to become an astronaut” and “what kinds of plants they will grow in space in the future”. It was the first science class from the Wentian lab module and the third “Tiangong Class”. The first and second were given by the Shenzhou-13 members in the station’s Tianhe core module. The classes made a lot of young people fall in love with space science. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1. When did students take the third live class from China’s space station? __________________________________________________________ 2. How long was the live class? __________________________________________________________ 3. How did Liu Yang drink mango juice? __________________________________________________________ 4. What else did the students do after watching and doing the experiments? __________________________________________________________ 5. What may many young people do after having the space classes? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. On October 12, 2022. 2. Fifty minutes (long). 3. With a two-meter straw. 4. They asked (the astronauts) questions. 5. Fall in love with space science./They may become interested in space./They may want to become astronauts....（言之有理即可） 【解析】本文主要讲述了中国神舟十四号飞船的三名宇航员在太空站进行的科学讲座。 1. 根据“On October 12, 2022, students from all over the country took the third live class from China’s space station.”可知，2022年10月12日，来自全国各地的学生在中国空间站上了第三节直播课。故填On October 12, 2022. 2. 根据“At the beginning of the 50-minute class, the astronauts showed the new “classroom”, the Wentian lab module (问天实验舱).”可知，直播课五十分钟长。故填Fifty minutes (long). 3. 根据“Liu Yang tried drinking mango juice with a two-meter straw and she made it!”可知，刘洋用两米长的吸管喝芒果汁！故填With a two-meter straw. 4. 根据“The astronauts also answered questions from students like “how to become an astronaut” and “what kinds of plants they will grow in space in the future”.”可知，他们问（宇航员）问题。故填They asked (the astronauts) questions. 5. 根据“The classes made a lot of young people fall in love with space science.”可知，这些课程使许多年轻人爱上了空间科学。故填Fall in love with space science./They may become interested in space./They may want to become astronauts....（言之有理即可） 06 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。 Dear students, I am glad to give a speech about space as a space scientist. In 2003, China sent its first astronaut, Yang Liwei into space. Since then, several other Chinese astronauts have “reached for the stars”. Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship took off on May 30th, 2023 and carried another 3 astronauts to the space station. And Jing Haipeng is a great astronaut who now is taking his fourth mission in the space. Among all the astronauts, Wang Yaping has even drawn worldwide attention. She is known to us because she was the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. Because of this, you start to wonder what you should do to become astronauts like these great men. Actually it is never easy to be an astronaut. Listen to the important things. Health is important To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. You’d better not have any small problems. For example, a decayed tooth (龋齿) could get worse in space and bring trouble to astronauts. Take hard training In China, you must be a great pilot (飞行员) first and fly more than 600 hours without accidents. And then you might start difficult training after becoming a backup (预备) astronaut. For example, you have to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet. This is like doing tasks during a spacewalk. Get much knowledge (知识) Knowledge is important as well. Astronauts must learn different subjects including math, English, physics. So they can do with emergencies (紧急情况) and do scientific experiments in space. However, it’s possible that backup astronauts can never go to space. During the Shenzhou XIII mission, only three astronauts could go into space. But there are another 13 backup astronauts. They are also heroes of this great space program. 1. Who is the first astronaut into space in China? ___________________________________ 2. How many times has Jing Haipeng been to the space before 2023? ___________________________________ 3. What must a great pilot do if he wants to be an astronaut? ___________________________________ 4. Where should the backup astronauts do tasks for six or seven hours without eating, underwater or in space? ___________________________________ 5. What are the three important things for the astronauts according to the scientist? ___________________________________ 【答案】1. Yang Liwei./Yang Liwei is the first astronaut into space in China. 2. Three (times)./Jing Haipeng has been to the space three times before 2023. 3. He/A great pilot must fly more than 600 hours without accidents. 4. Underwater./Under the water. 5. Health, hard training and much knowledge./Health, taking hard training and getting much knowledge. 【解析】本文主要介绍了要成为一名宇航员应满足的条件。 1. 根据“In 2003, China sent its first astronaut, Yang Liwei into space.”可知，杨利伟是中国第一个进入太空的人。故填Yang Liwei./Yang Liwei is the first astronaut into space in China. 2. 根据“And Jing Haipeng is a great astronaut who now is taking his fourth mission in the space.”可知，景海鹏在2023年之前去过三次太空。故填Three (times)./Jing Haipeng has been to the space three times before 2023. 3. 根据“In China, you must be a great pilot (飞行员) first and fly more than 600 hours without accidents.”可知，你必须首先是一个伟大的飞行员，飞行600小时以上没有事故。故填He/A great pilot must fly more than 600 hours without accidents. 4. 根据“you have to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet.”可知，宇航员在水下做六七个小时的任务。故填Underwater./Under the water. 5. 根据三个标题“Health is important、Take hard training以及Get much knowledge”可知，宇航员最重要的三件事是：健康、努力训练以及足够的知识。故填Health, hard training and much knowledge./Health, taking hard training and getting much knowledge. 07 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个小题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 In 2003, Shenzhou V was successfully launched. China sent its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, into space. Since then, several other Chinese astronauts have reached for the stars. Shenzhou-l6 manned spaceship took off on May 30th, 2023. In the same year, Shenzhou-17 with three astronauts also entered space successfully. It has stayed there for six months and it will be back at the end of April in 2024. Among all the astronauts, Wang Yaping was the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. That’s why she has even drawn worldwide attention. Actually, it is not easy to be an astronaut. To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. You’d better not have any small problems. For example, a decayed tooth (龋齿) could get worse in space and may bring trouble to astronauts. In China, you must be a great pilot first and fly more than 600 hours without accidents before being an astronaut. And then you might start difficult training after becoming a backup (预备) astronaut. For example, you have to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet. Astronauts must learn different subjects, including maths, English and physics. So they can do with emergencies (紧急情况) and do scientific experiments in space. However, it’s possible that backup astronauts can never go to space. During the Shenzhou XIII mission, only three astronauts could go into space. But there are another 13 backup astronauts. They are also heroes of this great space program. 1. Who was the first astronaut into space in China? _____________________________________ 2. How long has Shenzhou-17 stayed in space? _____________________________________ 3. Why has Wang Yaping drawn worldwide attention? _____________________________________ 4. What must a great pilot do if he or she wants to be an astronaut? _____________________________________ 5. Where should the backup astronauts do tasks for six or seven hours without eating, underwater or in space? _____________________________________ 【答案】1. Yang Liwei. 2. For six months. 3. Because she was the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. 4. Fly more than 600 hours without accidents. 5. Underwater. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2003年，神舟五号成功发射，中国首位航天员杨利伟进入太空起，其他几位中国航天员也相继飞向星辰大海。但航天员并不容易，想成为一名宇航员有很多的要求。 1. 根据“In 2003, Shenzhou V was successfully launched. China sent its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, into space.”可知，进入太空的第一位中国宇航员是杨利伟。故填Yang Liwei. 2. 根据“In the same year, Shenzhou-17 with three astronauts also entered space successfully. It has stayed there for six months and it will be back at the end of April in 2024.”可知，神舟十七号要在太空停留六个月，预计将于2024年4月底返回。故填For six months. 3. 根据“Among all the astronauts, Wang Yaping was the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. That’s why she has even drawn worldwide attention.”可知，在所有航天员中，王亚平是中国首位进行太空行走的女性，因此她引起了全球关注。故填Because she was the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. 4. 根据“In China, you must be a great pilot first and fly more than 600 hours without accidents before being an astronaut.”可知，在中国，你首先必须是一名优秀的飞行员，并且在没有事故的情况下飞行超过600小时，才能成为宇航员。故填Fly more than 600 hours without accidents. 5. 根据“you have to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet.”可知，替补宇航员在水下连续工作六七个小时，期间不能进食。故填Underwater. 培优篇 08 You can see cucumbers (黄瓜) hanging on vines (藤蔓). Wheat sprouts (发芽) from the soil. Purple eggplant (茄子) flowers come out. But you’re not on a farm. You are inside Yuegong, a closed lab at Beihang University in Beijing. An important experiment was once carried out in the lab. It is called Yuegong-365. Eight volunteers took turns to live by themselves. In January, 2018, four volunteers finished spending 200 days in the lab. This set a world record for the longest stay in a self-contained (自给自足的) space, China Daily reported. Then, another four volunteers lived in the lab and the experiment ended in May that year. The experiment could give scientists information that can be used to create better living areas for astronauts in space, Xinhua News Agency reported. Life in Yuegong was busy.Volunteers got up at 6:30 a. m. and went to bed at 11:30 p. m. Growing food was their daily activity. There were more than 30 kinds of vegetables and fruits for them to grow and eat. They even ate insects in order to get protein (蛋白质). They also recorded their body temperature, blood pressure and personal feelings every day. Scientists outside the lab used the information to monitor (监测) their health. Was living in the lab boring? No! With the Internet, volunteers could go online to read the news or watch TV shows. They also read books, wrote and even rode bikes. “There’s no time to be bored,” volunteer Hu Jingfei said. 1. The experiment called Yuegong-365 carried out in the ___________. (仅填1词) 2. Eight volunteers took turns to _______________________________________. (15个词以内) Fill in the blanks according to the passage. The experiment called Yuegong-365 What was the life in the lab like? *They started their day at 6: 30 a. m. and ended 17 hours later.   *They ate vegetables and plants grown by themselves, as well as insects to get protein. *They recorded their body temperature, 3 each day. (6个词以内) How did they feel? There was the Internet, books and bikes so they didn’t feel bored at all. What can the experiment do? It can help scientists create 4 in space. (5个词以内) 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. What do you think of the Yuegong-365 experiment? Use your own words. _________________________________________ (结合自身实际，20个词以内) 【答案】1. lab 2. live by themselves in the closed lab 3. blood pressure and personal feelings 4. better living areas for astronauts 5. It’s interesting and educational. 【解析】本文是一篇科技新闻报道，主要介绍了北京航空航天大学的月宫一号实验室进行的月宫365实验。 1. 根据文中“An important experiment was once carried out in the lab. It is called Yuegong-365.”可知，月宫365实验在实验室进行，故填lab。 2. 根据文中“You are inside Yuegong, a closed lab at Beihang University in Beijing.”和“An important experiment was once carried out in the lab. It is called Yuegong-365. Eight volunteers took turns to live by themselves.”可知，八名志愿者轮流在封闭的实验室里独自生活，故填live by themselves in the closed lab。 3. 根据文中“They also recorded their body temperature, blood pressure and personal feelings every day.”可知，他们每天记录自己的体温、血压和个人感受，故填blood pressure and personal feelings。 4. 根据文中“The experiment could give scientists information that can be used to create better living areas for astronauts in space”可知，该实验可以为科学家提供信息，用于为太空中的宇航员创造更好的生活区，故填better living areas for astronauts。 5. 开放性试题，答案合理即可。参考答案为It’s interesting and educational. 09 请仔细阅读下面的文章，回答下列问题。 The Shenzhou XVIII crew (成员) returned to Earth on Monday morning Nov. 4th, 2024, finishing a six-month mission onboard the Tiangong space station. The astronauts brought back 55 sets of experimental samples, with a total weight of 34.6 kilograms. These are related to 28 experimental projects, ranging from life sciences to microgravity combustion research (微重力燃烧研究). The spaceship’s reentry capsule (返回舱), carrying Ye Guangfu , Li Cong and Li Guangsu, flew for more than nine hours before touching down at 1:24 am at the Dongfeng Landing Site in the middle of the Gobi Desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. After landing on the earth, doctors checked outside the bell-shaped capsule, opened its hatch and examined the astronauts’ health. The Shenzhou XVIII crew members were then helped out of the capsule and seated on chairs, and they shared their experiences in a live program with a reporter from China Central Television. Mission commander Ye, who now holds the record among Chinese astronauts of spending the longest time in space, said he is grateful to the motherland and its people, as well as to all those taking part in the nation’s manned space programs. “Through this mission, I returned to the Tiangong space station and had an orbital journey for the second time. It gave me an opportunity to have a personal experience of the new developments made in our space industry,” he said. “We will always keep in mind the tasks given by the Party and the people, and continue to work hard to fulfill our duty in building our country into a great space power,” he added. Li Cong said the crew members cooperated very well with each other to achieve all the given tasks, noting that their two spacewalks were fully successful. He added that they will return for training as soon as possible, so that they can take part in future space missions. 1. When did the Shenzhou XVIII crew (成员) return to Earth? ___________________________________________________________ 2. According to the passage, what did the astronauts bring back? ___________________________________________________________ 3. Who now holds the record among Chinese astronauts of spending the longest time in space, Ye Guangfu, Li Cong or Li Guangsu? ___________________________________________________________ 4. What do the Shenzhou XVIII crew continue to do? ___________________________________________________________ 5. Why will Shenzhou XVIII crew return for training as soon as possible? ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. On Monday morning Nov. 4th, 2024. 2. 55 sets of experimental samples. 3. Ye Guangfu. 4. To work hard to fulfill our duty in building our country into a great space power. 5. To take part in future space missions. 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了神舟十八号机组人员返回地球，成功完成了在天宫空间站为期六个月的任务。 1. 根据“The Shenzhou XVIII crew (成员) returned to Earth on Monday morning Nov. 4th, 2024”可知，神舟十八号乘员组于2024年11月4日星期一上午返回地球。故填On Monday morning Nov. 4th, 2024。 2. 根据“The astronauts brought back 55 sets of experimental samples, with a total weight of 34.6 kilograms.”可知，宇航员带回了55套实验样品。故填55 sets of experimental samples. 3. 根据“Mission commander Ye, who now holds the record among Chinese astronauts of spending the longest time in space”可知，现在在中国宇航员中，叶光富保持着在太空停留时间最长的记录。故填Ye Guangfu. 4. 根据“We will always keep in mind the tasks given by the Party and the people, and continue to work hard to fulfill our duty in building our country into a great space power”可知，神舟十八号乘员组继续努力履行把我国建设成为太空强国的职责。故填To work hard to fulfill our duty in building our country into a great space power. 5. 根据“He added that they will return for training as soon as possible, so that they can take part in future space missions.”可知，神舟十八号乘员组尽快返回训练是为了参加未来的太空任务。故填To take part in future space missions. 10 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship, China’s 14th manned spaceflight, was launched into space successfully on October 30th, 2024. It was sent into orbit by a Long March 2F car-rier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Inside the rocket are astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze. Wang Haoze is the first female spaceflight engineer for China. She was born in Luanping County, Hebei Province in 1990. Wang’s journey to becoming an astronaut was marked by hard work and perseverance. She faced lots of challenges during her training, but she never gave up. Her determination and strong will help her push through every difficulty. She is a role model for people around the world, showing that with hard work, big dreams, and perseverance, one can overcome any difficulty and achieve great things. The spaceship’s main job was to meet the China Space Station. It is expected to last for several months, during which the astronauts will contribute to the expansion and improvement of the space station. After some time in space, the astronauts will do many things, like doing scientific experiments, give science lessons and showing new technology. They will also go on spacewalks outside the space station. In conclusion, the successful launch of Shenzhou-19 is not only a technological achievement but also a symbol of China’s growing progress in space exploration. 1. When was the Shenzhou—19 crewed spaceship launched into space? __________________________________________________________ 2. How many astronauts are there inside the rocket? _________________________________________________________ 3. Who is the first female spaceflight engineer for China? _________________________________________________________ 4. Where is astronaut Wang Haoze from? _________________________________________________________ 5. What will the astronauts do in space? _________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship was launched into space on October 30th, 2024./ On October 30th, 2024. 2. There are three astronauts in the rocket. / Three. /3. 3. Wang Haoze is the first female spaceflight engineer for China. / Wang Haoze. 4. She / Wang Haoze is from Luanping County, Hebei Province. / Luanping County, Hebei Province. 5. They will do scientific experiments, give science lessons, show new technology and go on spacewalks outside the space station. 【解析】本文主要讲述了2024年10月30日，神舟十九号载人飞船成功发射，搭载三名宇航员，含首位女性航天工程师王浩泽，从酒泉卫星发射中心升空对接中国空间站，期间将开展多项科研任务，标志着中国太空探索取得新进展。 1. 根据“The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship, China’s 14th manned spaceflight, was launched into space successfully on October 30th,2024.”可知，神舟十九号载人飞船于2024年10月30日成功发射升空。故填The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship was launched into space on October 30th, 2024./ On October 30th, 2024. 2. 根据“Inside the rocket are astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze.”可知，火箭内有三名宇航员。故填There are three astronauts in the rocket. / There. /3. 3. 根据“Wang Haoze is the first female spaceflight engineer for China.”可知，王浩泽是中国第一位女性航天工程师。故填Wang Haoze is the first female spaceflight engineer for China. / Wang Haoze. 4. 根据“She was born in Luanping County, Hebei Province in 1990.”可知，宇航员王浩泽来自河北省滦平县。故填She / Wang Haoze is from Luanping County, Hebei Province. / Luanping County, Hebei Province 5. 根据“After some time in space, the astronauts will do many things, like doing scientific experiments, give science lessons and showing new technology. They will also go on spacewalks outside the space station.”可知，宇航员在太空中将进行科学实验、上科学课、展示新技术以及在空间站外进行太空行走。故填They will do scientific experiments, give science lessons, show new technology and go on spacewalks outside the space station. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $