Unit 6 课时1 Section A 1a-1d（大单元分层作业）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 课时1 Section A (1a-1d) 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 shake /ʃeɪk/ v. (shook /ʃʊk/, shaken /ˈʃeɪkən/)与(某人)握手；摇动 bow /baʊ/ v.&n. 鞠躬 bump /bʌmp/ v. 碰；撞；n. 碰撞；(撞击造成的)肿块 fist /fɪst/ n. 拳头 rub /rʌb/ v. 摩擦；揉 kiss /kɪs/ v. 亲吻；n. 吻 cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 脸颊 hug /hʌɡ/ v.&n. 拥抱 embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的 confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的 formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的 句型 How do you greet people in your country? / We usually... to say hello. 你们国家的人怎么打招呼？/ 我们通常用……来问好。 Is it common to greet others by...? / We don't/never... because it's too formal/not formal enough. 用……打招呼是常见的吗？/ 我们从不……，因为太正式/不够正式。 Your... surprised me. / I was embarrassed/confused by... 你的……让我很惊讶。/ 我对……感到尴尬/困惑。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.___________ /ʃeɪk/ v. (___________ /ʃʊk/, ___________ /ˈʃeɪkən/)与(某人)握手；摇动 2.___________ /baʊ/ v.&n. 鞠躬 3.___________ /bʌmp/ v. 碰；撞；n. 碰撞；(撞击造成的)肿块 4.___________ /fɪst/ n. 拳头 5.___________ /rʌb/ v. 摩擦；揉 6.___________ /kɪs/ v. 亲吻；n. 吻 7.___________ /tʃiːk/ n. 脸颊 8.___________ /hʌɡ/ v.&n. 拥抱 9.___________ /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的 10.___________ /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的 11.___________ /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的 二、词组默写。 1. ___________ 好的读物；好书(或文章等) 2. ___________ 与……握手 3. ___________ 鞠躬 4. ___________ 碰拳 5. ___________ 亲吻脸颊 6. ___________ 拥抱 7. ___________ 对……感到惊讶 8. ___________ 太正式 9. ___________ 不够正式 10. ___________ 打招呼 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 我们国家的人见面时通常握手。 People in our country usually ______ ______ when they meet. 2. 日本的学生见到老师时会鞠躬。 Students in Japan ______ to their teachers when they meet them. 3. 用亲吻脸颊的方式打招呼在法国很常见。 ______ ______ is very common to greet people in France. 4. 我被他的问候方式弄糊涂了。 I was ______ by the way he greeted me. 5. 这种礼仪太正式了，我们平时不这么做。 This manner is ______ ______ that we don't do it in daily life. 6. 用碰拳的方式打招呼在年轻人中很流行。 ______ ______ is popular among young people to say hello. 四 、根据汉语提示或括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1．Seeing my terrible homework, the teacher ________ (shake) her head with a patient sigh. 2．In Italy, k________ (亲吻) is proper for greeting best friends and family members. 3．The little boy ______ (hug) his teddy bear and fell asleep. 4．I felt ________ (embarrass) about how untidy the house was. 5．I don’t think some online dictionaries are believable. There are many incorrect usages which can make us ________ (confuse). 6．If you ________ (摩擦) the stone hard enough, it might become smooth. 7．She wore a ________ (正式的) dress to the wedding, as the invitation specified “black tie” attire. 五、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 shake kiss rub embarrassed confused formal cheek When people from different cultures meet, they may have different ways to greet each other. In the US, people usually 1. ______ hands to say hello. In New Zealand, the Maori people 2. ______ noses as a traditional greeting. In France, it is common to 3. ______ each other on the 4. ______ when friends meet. A Japanese student may feel 5. ______ if a French friend tries to kiss him, because bowing is the 6. ______ way to greet teachers in Japan. He may feel 7. ______ and not know how to react, worried that he will be impolite. 六、阅读还原。 Are you going to have dinner with a foreign friend? That’s great. 1 But don’t be nervous, just enjoy it! It’s a good time to learn about some manners. When you are invited to someone’s home for dinner, it’s friendly to ask, “What can I bring?” The host may say, “ 2 ” Even if the answer is no, you can still bring a small gift, such as flowers, wine, or a small box of candy for the hostess. If you are not sure where to sit at the table, ask “Where would you like me to sit?” 3 At dinner, in an American home, food is often brought to the table on large serving plates. 4 When a plate is passed to you, hold the plate, and use a serving fork or spoon (not your own fork or spoon) to put some food on your plate. If you are not sure whether you like the food, take a little first. 5 The host may say to a first-time guest, “No, you’re the guest.” But you have become “one of the family” when the host or hostess lets you help clear the table, or do other clean-up work. Different countries have different table manners. It’s useful for us to learn some. A．You could also sit where you would like to. B．Oh, nothing at all, come and enjoy yourself. C．Someone may pass the serving plates around the table. D．It’s polite to offer to help clear the table or wash the dishes. E．Western table manners may be different from those in China. 七、阅读理解。 ①China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable (好客的) people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests. ②When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel lonely. ③At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests to a big meal. They always present more food than the guests can eat. And the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprise Western guests most is that the Chinese host likes to pick up food for visitors, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” Although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. ④Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: To meet friends from afar How happy we are! 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．As a guest in a Chinese family, you are usually offered ________ by the host. A．coffee and candy B．juice and hamburgers C．tea and biscuits D．milk and hamburgers 2．What the Chinese family do for the guests is to ________ A．show their wealth B．make them feel at home C．show their cooking skills D．make them feel uncomfortable 3．跨学科[语文] What’s the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end of the passage? A．学而时习之，不亦说乎？ B．有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ C．人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ D．己所不欲，勿施于人。 4．新考法[篇章结构] Which of the following is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 5．The passage mainly tells us about ________. A．where Chinese people usually go B．how Chinese people treat the guests C．what food Chinese people like to eat D．why Chinese people invite the guests to their homes 八、完形填空。 Do you know how to make a good first impression on someone from other countries? Knowing their 1 of greeting is the key. Here are some manners to greet people 2 . Firstly, in Western countries like the US and the UK, people often shake hands in formal occasions. In informal moments, friends may 3 or bump (碰) fists—a quick touch of fists. In France, 4 on the cheek is common, but the number of kisses varies — one in some places, two or more in others. In Asian countries, 5 shows respect. In Japan, people bow. The deeper the bow, the more polite it is. In China, shaking hands is popular, but bowing is still used on special 6 , like the Spring Festival. In some Middle Eastern countries, men may 7 with a handshake and a light kiss on the cheek. What if we’re not used to these customs? 8 we know the culture well, it’s safer to smile and wait for others to act first. Using an improper (不恰当) greeting, like hugging in a formal or serious situation, can make others feel 9 . Remember: every country has its own way to say “hello”, but the goal is the same — to be polite and kind. Learning these greetings helps us understand the 10 differences and makes the world colorful! It also helps us enjoy the experience of meeting a foreign friend. 1．A．signs B．manners C．symbols D．habits 2．A．correctly B．thankfully C．surprisingly D．importantly 3．A．wash B．push C．hug D．test 4．A．kissing B．beating C．touching D．reaching 5．A．bowing B．sitting C．standing D．hitting 6．A．problems B．emotions C．places D．occasions 7．A．cheer B．greet C．welcome D．invite 8．A．Unless B．While C．Because D．Although 9．A．tired B．impatient C．uncomfortable D．crazy 10．A．usual B．local C．cultural D．informal 九、任务型阅读。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 In many cultures, being a good guest is highly valued. However, what makes a good guest can be different from one country to another. In China, guests are often treated like royalty. When you visit a Chinese home, you can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks. The host will do everything to make you feel comfortable. In return, guests are expected to show appreciation and not be too demanding. In Western countries, the guest-host relationship is often more relaxed. Guests are expected to be independent and follow the host’s routine. For example, if the host says “Make yourself at home”, it means you can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking. One common rule everywhere is to bring a small gift when you are invited. It shows that you value the host’s invitation. Also, it is polite to offer help with cleaning up after a meal, though the host may refuse. When in doubt, it is always a good idea to ask. A simple question like “Is there anything I can do to help?” shows that you are considerate. 1．What can a guest expect when visiting a Chinese home?   2．In Western countries, what does “Make yourself at home” usually mean?   3．What is a common rule for guests everywhere?   4．What should you do if you are not sure about the custom?   5．What do you think is the most important quality of a good guest? Why?   $Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 课时1 Section A (1a-1d) 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 shake /ʃeɪk/ v. (shook /ʃʊk/, shaken /ˈʃeɪkən/)与(某人)握手；摇动 bow /baʊ/ v.&n. 鞠躬 bump /bʌmp/ v. 碰；撞；n. 碰撞；(撞击造成的)肿块 fist /fɪst/ n. 拳头 rub /rʌb/ v. 摩擦；揉 kiss /kɪs/ v. 亲吻；n. 吻 cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 脸颊 hug /hʌɡ/ v.&n. 拥抱 embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的 confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的 formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的 句型 How do you greet people in your country? / We usually... to say hello. 你们国家的人怎么打招呼？/ 我们通常用……来问好。 Is it common to greet others by...? / We don't/never... because it's too formal/not formal enough. 用……打招呼是常见的吗？/ 我们从不……，因为太正式/不够正式。 Your... surprised me. / I was embarrassed/confused by... 你的……让我很惊讶。/ 我对……感到尴尬/困惑。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.___________ /ʃeɪk/ v. (___________ /ʃʊk/, ___________ /ˈʃeɪkən/)与(某人)握手；摇动 2.___________ /baʊ/ v.&n. 鞠躬 3.___________ /bʌmp/ v. 碰；撞；n. 碰撞；(撞击造成的)肿块 4.___________ /fɪst/ n. 拳头 5.___________ /rʌb/ v. 摩擦；揉 6.___________ /kɪs/ v. 亲吻；n. 吻 7.___________ /tʃiːk/ n. 脸颊 8.___________ /hʌɡ/ v.&n. 拥抱 9.___________ /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的 10.___________ /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的 11.___________ /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的 1. shake; shook; shaken 2. bow 3. bump 4. fist 5. rub 6. kiss 7. cheek 8. hug 9. embarrassed 10. confused 11. formal 二、词组默写。 1. ___________ 好的读物；好书(或文章等) 2. ___________ 与……握手 3. ___________ 鞠躬 4. ___________ 碰拳 5. ___________ 亲吻脸颊 6. ___________ 拥抱 7. ___________ 对……感到惊讶 8. ___________ 太正式 9. ___________ 不够正式 10. ___________ 打招呼 1. good read 2. shake hands with... 3. bow to... 4. bump fists 5. kiss cheeks 6. give a hug / hug 7. be surprised by... 8. too formal 9. not formal enough 10. say hello 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 我们国家的人见面时通常握手。 People in our country usually ______ ______ when they meet. 2. 日本的学生见到老师时会鞠躬。 Students in Japan ______ to their teachers when they meet them. 3. 用亲吻脸颊的方式打招呼在法国很常见。 ______ ______ is very common to greet people in France. 4. 我被他的问候方式弄糊涂了。 I was ______ by the way he greeted me. 5. 这种礼仪太正式了，我们平时不这么做。 This manner is ______ ______ that we don't do it in daily life. 6. 用碰拳的方式打招呼在年轻人中很流行。 ______ ______ is popular among young people to say hello. 1. shake hands 2. bow 3. Kissing cheeks 4. confused 5. so formal 6. Bumping fists 四 、根据汉语提示或括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1．Seeing my terrible homework, the teacher ________ (shake) her head with a patient sigh. 【答案】shook 【详解】句意：看到我糟糕的作业，老师耐心地叹了口气摇摇头。shake“摇动，晃动”，句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，shake为不规则动词，过去式变为shook。 2．In Italy, k________ (亲吻) is proper for greeting best friends and family members. 【答案】kissing/issing 【详解】句意：在意大利，亲吻是问候挚友和家人的恰当方式。根据中文提示以及首字母“k”提示可知，此处应用“kiss”；又因为该词在句中作主语，需要使用动名词形式作主语，所以将“kiss”变为动名词“kissing”。故填kissing。 3．The little boy ______ (hug) his teddy bear and fell asleep. 【答案】hugged 【详解】句意：小男孩抱着他的泰迪熊睡着了。hug“拥抱”，动词，根据“and fell asleep”可知，句子是一般过去时，and连接并列成分，此处动词应用过去式，hug的过去式为hugged。故填hugged。 4．I felt ________ (embarrass) about how untidy the house was. 【答案】embarrassed 【详解】句意：房子这么乱，我感到很尴尬。 此处需要形容词描述人的感受，“embarrass”的形容词形式“embarrassed”表示“（人）感到尴尬的”，符合语境，故填“embarrassed”。 5．I don’t think some online dictionaries are believable. There are many incorrect usages which can make us ________ (confuse). 【答案】confused 【详解】句意：我认为一些在线词典是不可信的。有许多不正确的用法会让我们感到困惑。本题考查“make sb.+形容词”的固定结构，表示“使某人处于某种状态”。句中“us”指人，需要填入形容词来描述人的感受。confuse“使迷惑”为动词，其形容词confused“感到困惑的”用于描述人的感受，符合语境。 6．If you ________ (摩擦) the stone hard enough, it might become smooth. 【答案】rub 【详解】句意：如果你用力摩擦这块石头，它可能会变得光滑。根据中文提示可知，“摩擦”的英文是rub；if引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语you后用动词原形。故填rub。 7．She wore a ________ (正式的) dress to the wedding, as the invitation specified “black tie” attire. 【答案】formal 【详解】句意：她穿着正式礼服去参加婚礼，因为请柬上注明需着“黑领结”正装。“正式的”可译为formal，形容词修饰名词dress，作定语。 五、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 shake kiss rub embarrassed confused formal cheek When people from different cultures meet, they may have different ways to greet each other. In the US, people usually 1. ______ hands to say hello. In New Zealand, the Maori people 2. ______ noses as a traditional greeting. In France, it is common to 3. ______ each other on the 4. ______ when friends meet. A Japanese student may feel 5. ______ if a French friend tries to kiss him, because bowing is the 6. ______ way to greet teachers in Japan. He may feel 7. ______ and not know how to react, worried that he will be impolite. 1. shake 2. rub 3. kiss 4. cheek 5. embarrassed 6. formal 7. confused 六、阅读还原。 Are you going to have dinner with a foreign friend? That’s great. 1 But don’t be nervous, just enjoy it! It’s a good time to learn about some manners. When you are invited to someone’s home for dinner, it’s friendly to ask, “What can I bring?” The host may say, “ 2 ” Even if the answer is no, you can still bring a small gift, such as flowers, wine, or a small box of candy for the hostess. If you are not sure where to sit at the table, ask “Where would you like me to sit?” 3 At dinner, in an American home, food is often brought to the table on large serving plates. 4 When a plate is passed to you, hold the plate, and use a serving fork or spoon (not your own fork or spoon) to put some food on your plate. If you are not sure whether you like the food, take a little first. 5 The host may say to a first-time guest, “No, you’re the guest.” But you have become “one of the family” when the host or hostess lets you help clear the table, or do other clean-up work. Different countries have different table manners. It’s useful for us to learn some. A．You could also sit where you would like to. B．Oh, nothing at all, come and enjoy yourself. C．Someone may pass the serving plates around the table. D．It’s polite to offer to help clear the table or wash the dishes. E．Western table manners may be different from those in China. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在外国朋友家共进晚餐时的一些礼仪和注意事项，包括带礼物、座位安排、食物传递以及餐后帮忙等方面的内容，同时强调了学习不同国家餐桌礼仪的重要性。 1．根据“Are you going to have dinner with a foreign friend? That’s great.”以及“But don’t be nervous, just enjoy it! It’s a good time to learn about some manners.”可知，此处提及和外国朋友吃饭，并表示不要紧张，由此可推测空处应是引出西方餐桌礼仪和中国不同，E选项“西方的餐桌礼仪可能与中国不同”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“Even if the answer is no, you can still bring a small gift, such as flowers, wine, or a small box of candy for the hostess.”可知，即使主人说不需要带礼物，你还是可以带一个小礼物，由此可推测空处应是主人说不需要带礼物，B选项“哦，什么都不用带，来玩得开心点”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“If you are not sure where to sit at the table, ask ‘Where would you like me to sit?’”可知，此处是说不确定坐在哪里的情况，A选项“你也可以坐在你想坐的地方”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“When a plate is passed to you, hold the plate, and use a serving fork or spoon (not your own fork or spoon) to put some food on your plate.”可知，此处提及盘子传递，C选项“有人可能会把上菜的盘子在桌子上传来传去”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据“But you have become ‘one of the family’ when the host or hostess lets you help clear the table, or do other clean-up work.”可知，此处提及帮忙清理桌子或做其他清理工作，D选项“主动提出帮忙清理桌子或洗碗是礼貌的”符合语境。故选D。 七、阅读理解。 ①China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable (好客的) people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests. ②When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel lonely. ③At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests to a big meal. They always present more food than the guests can eat. And the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprise Western guests most is that the Chinese host likes to pick up food for visitors, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” Although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. ④Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: To meet friends from afar How happy we are! 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．As a guest in a Chinese family, you are usually offered ________ by the host. A．coffee and candy B．juice and hamburgers C．tea and biscuits D．milk and hamburgers 2．What the Chinese family do for the guests is to ________ A．show their wealth B．make them feel at home C．show their cooking skills D．make them feel uncomfortable 3．跨学科[语文] What’s the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end of the passage? A．学而时习之，不亦说乎？ B．有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ C．人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ D．己所不欲，勿施于人。 4．新考法[篇章结构] Which of the following is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 5．The passage mainly tells us about ________. A．where Chinese people usually go B．how Chinese people treat the guests C．what food Chinese people like to eat D．why Chinese people invite the guests to their homes 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文，围绕中国是礼仪之邦展开，讲述中国人热情好客的传统，介绍中国家庭如何招待客人，并引用孔子名言体现这一文化传统。 1．细节理解题。根据文中第二段第一、二句“When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy.”可知，主人会提供茶和饼干。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中第三段倒数第三句“The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home.”可知，目的是让客人感觉像在家一样。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文中“To meet friends from afar How happy we are!”可知，“To meet friends”翻译为遇见朋友，“from afar”翻译为来自远方，“How happy we are!”翻译为我们多么开心啊，综合“To meet friends from afar How happy we are!”，意为“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容，第一段总述中国人热情好客，第二、三段具体介绍招待客人的做法，第四段总结并升华主题，为总—分—总结构。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据文中第一段第二句“Chinese people are among the most hospitable (好客的) people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests.”可知，文章主要介绍中国人如何招待客人。故选B。 八、完形填空。 Do you know how to make a good first impression on someone from other countries? Knowing their 1 of greeting is the key. Here are some manners to greet people 2 . Firstly, in Western countries like the US and the UK, people often shake hands in formal occasions. In informal moments, friends may 3 or bump (碰) fists—a quick touch of fists. In France, 4 on the cheek is common, but the number of kisses varies — one in some places, two or more in others. In Asian countries, 5 shows respect. In Japan, people bow. The deeper the bow, the more polite it is. In China, shaking hands is popular, but bowing is still used on special 6 , like the Spring Festival. In some Middle Eastern countries, men may 7 with a handshake and a light kiss on the cheek. What if we’re not used to these customs? 8 we know the culture well, it’s safer to smile and wait for others to act first. Using an improper (不恰当) greeting, like hugging in a formal or serious situation, can make others feel 9 . Remember: every country has its own way to say “hello”, but the goal is the same — to be polite and kind. Learning these greetings helps us understand the 10 differences and makes the world colorful! It also helps us enjoy the experience of meeting a foreign friend. 1．A．signs B．manners C．symbols D．habits 2．A．correctly B．thankfully C．surprisingly D．importantly 3．A．wash B．push C．hug D．test 4．A．kissing B．beating C．touching D．reaching 5．A．bowing B．sitting C．standing D．hitting 6．A．problems B．emotions C．places D．occasions 7．A．cheer B．greet C．welcome D．invite 8．A．Unless B．While C．Because D．Although 9．A．tired B．impatient C．uncomfortable D．crazy 10．A．usual B．local C．cultural D．informal 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文介绍不同国家的问候礼仪，帮助人们正确问候、给他人留下好的第一印象。 1．句意：了解他们的问候礼仪是关键。 manners意为“礼仪、习俗”，符合“不同国家的问候方式”这一核心主题；signs、symbols、habits均不符合“问候礼仪”的语境。 2．句意：以下是一些正确问候他人的礼仪。 correctly意为“正确地”，修饰动词greet，符合“学习正确问候方式”的语境；thankfully、surprisingly、importantly均不符合语义。 3．句意：在非正式场合，朋友可能会拥抱或碰拳。 hug意为“拥抱”，是西方非正式场合常见的问候方式，与“碰拳”并列；wash、push、test均不符合问候场景。 4．句意：在法国，亲吻脸颊很常见，但亲吻次数不一。 kissing意为“亲吻”，后文“the number of kisses varies”直接提示此处是亲吻脸颊的礼仪；beating、touching、reaching均不符合语境。 5．句意：在亚洲国家，鞠躬表示尊重。 bowing意为“鞠躬”，后文“In Japan, people bow.”直接对应这一亚洲问候礼仪；sitting、standing、hitting均不符合语义。 6．句意：在中国，握手很流行，但鞠躬仍用于特殊场合，比如春节。 occasions意为“场合”，“special occasions”是固定搭配，指春节这类特殊场景；problems、emotions、places均不符合语境。 7．句意：在一些中东国家，男性可能会握手并轻吻脸颊来问候。 greet意为“问候”，全文围绕“问候礼仪”展开，此处指中东的问候方式；cheer、welcome、invite均不符合核心主题。 8．句意：除非我们很了解当地文化，否则微笑并等他人先行动更安全。 Unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合“不了解文化就谨慎行事”的逻辑；While、Because、Although均不符合逻辑。 9．句意：在正式严肃的场合用不恰当的问候 (如拥抱)，会让他人感到不舒服。 uncomfortable意为“不舒服的”，符合“不恰当问候带来的负面感受”；tired、impatient、crazy均不符合语境。 10．句意：学习这些问候能帮我们理解文化差异，让世界更多彩。 cultural意为“文化的”，全文讲不同国家的问候文化，对应“文化差异”；usual、local、informal均不符合主题。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 In many cultures, being a good guest is highly valued. However, what makes a good guest can be different from one country to another. In China, guests are often treated like royalty. When you visit a Chinese home, you can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks. The host will do everything to make you feel comfortable. In return, guests are expected to show appreciation and not be too demanding. In Western countries, the guest-host relationship is often more relaxed. Guests are expected to be independent and follow the host’s routine. For example, if the host says “Make yourself at home”, it means you can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking. One common rule everywhere is to bring a small gift when you are invited. It shows that you value the host’s invitation. Also, it is polite to offer help with cleaning up after a meal, though the host may refuse. When in doubt, it is always a good idea to ask. A simple question like “Is there anything I can do to help?” shows that you are considerate. 1．What can a guest expect when visiting a Chinese home?   2．In Western countries, what does “Make yourself at home” usually mean?   3．What is a common rule for guests everywhere?   4．What should you do if you are not sure about the custom?   5．What do you think is the most important quality of a good guest? Why?   【答案】1．They can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks. 2．It means guests can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking. 3．Bringing a small gift when invited. 4．You should ask politely. 5．I think being considerate is the most important quality because it shows you care about the host’s feelings and efforts. 【导语】本文介绍了中西方不同的做客礼仪，说明了成为一名好客人的标准因国家而异，并给出了世界各地通用的做客建议。 1．由文章第二段“When you visit a Chinese home, you can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks.”可直接提取信息。 2．由文章第三段“if the host says ‘make yourself at home’, it means you can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking.”可直接提取信息。 3．由文章第四段“One common rule everywhere is to bring a small gift when you are invited.”可直接提取信息。 4．由文章第五段“When in doubt, it is always a good idea to ask.”可总结得出答案。 5．本题为开放性试题，围绕体贴、有礼貌、感恩等品质，结合文章内容合理作答即可。 $