Unit 6 课时4 Section A Grammar Focus（大单元分层作业）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 课时4 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人难堪的 cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 surprising adj. 令人惊奇的 句型 That's so formal that we don't do it these days. 那太正式了，我们现在不这么做了。 Don't bring food unless the host asks you to.除非主人要求，否则不要带食物。 In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. 在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人难堪的 2. .___________ /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 3. ___________adj. 令人惊奇的 二、词组默写。 1. ___________ 对……感到惊讶 2. ___________ 对……感到尴尬 3. ___________ 如此……以至于 4. ___________ 一……就…… 5. ___________ 除非；如果不 6. ___________ 把……插入…… 7. ___________ 对……感兴趣 8. ___________ 与……不同 9.___________ 习惯于 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 日本的学生一见到老师就会鞠躬。 Students in Japan bow ______ ______ ______ they meet a teacher. 2. 除非主人邀请，否则不要带食物去做客。 Don’t bring food to the party ______ the host asks you to. 3. 这个习俗太正式了，我们现在不这么做了。 This custom is ______ formal ______ we don’t do it these days. 4. 我对他的鞠躬方式感到很惊讶。 I was ______ ______ his bow. 5. 一完成用餐，你就应该向主人道谢。 You should thank the host ______ ______ ______ you finish the meal. 四 、根据汉语提示或括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1．It’s ________ (surprise) that my little sister can solve this math problem. 2．It was an ________ (embarrass) moment when I slipped and fell in front of everyone at the party. 3．We should learn more about ________ (culture) differences. 4．________ (除非) you experience it yourself, you won’t feel its true musical energy. 五、选词填空（使用 unless、as soon as 或 so...that... 完成句子）。 1．I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday I am invited. 2．—What do you think of the new movie The Wandering Earth II? —It’s wonderful I really like it. 3． she arrived, she ran to the beach with her watercolors, brushes and paper. 4．The city of Zibo is popular many people want to go there for a trip this year. 5． the Monkey King can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a man. 6． she heard the news, she decided to spend the rest of her life doing what she loved most—watching birds. 六、完成句子。 1．Türkiye: People don’t kiss one another on the cheek. They can do so if they are good friends. (unless)   → __________________________________________ 2．Japan: Take off your shoes. You do this when you enter someone’s home. (as soon as)   → __________________________________________ 3．Kenya: Being late is very common. You should be patient and not expect people to be on time. (so ... that)   → __________________________________________ 4．China: Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. You should avoid it. (so ... that)   → __________________________________________ 5．Mexico: Don’t use someone’s first name if you don’t know him or her well. You can use it if the person invites you to do so. (unless)   → __________________________________________ 七、阅读理解。 Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings, which helps us communicate without saying much at all. Some body language works the same across cultures. Turning red shows one’s anger. Wide eyes with a half-opened mouth mean surprise. Also, looking at your watch from time to time during a chat tells others you're in a hurry. However, ★_. In English, there is a saying, “Don’t trust anyone who won’t look you in the eye.” According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and can even be trusted. But in many other countries, direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of disrespect. The OK sign, which is commonly used, also has different meanings across cultures. It means agreement in North America. But to the French, it means “zero” or “valueless”, not  “fine” or “OK”. Touching is another example. A common and accepted way of saying “hello” in Western culture is a simple handshake. In India, however, greeting an elderly person (perhaps someone in his 60s) with a hand shake might be seen as putting yourself on an equal (同等的) footing with them, which is considered disrespectful. The polite way is by touching their feet, not by shaking their hands. So, the next time you travel to another country, do a quick search first. It can guide you in using proper body language to better communicate with the locals and avoid being impolite to them during your stay! 1．Which body language is understood similarly across cultures? A．Turning red-faced. B．Direct eye contact. C．The OK sign. D．A simple handshake. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．body language is sometimes hard to understand B．people from different cultures cannot communicate well C．everyone should learn to read facial expressions D．not all body language means the same thing in every culture 3．How does the writer organize the ideas in Para.4? A．By telling a personal story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By explaining reasons. 4．What is the best advice for someone travelling to a new country? A．Avoiding using body language during communication. B．Always showing agreement with the “OK” sign. C．Learning about local body language before the trip. D．Watching more silent films to practise. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 八、语法选择。 Our new foreign students are going to arrive very soon, and here 1 some ways to welcome them. How close do you stand when you talk to 2 friend? You can stand close to people in the Middle East but don’t stand too close to North Americans! Give them more 3 space. How about touching people? Chinese girls often walk arm 4 arm with their friends. South Americans sometimes hold your arm when they talk to you, 5 you can’t move away! But in Britain many people don’t like other people 6 them at all. Do you look at people when you talk? In some places, it isn’t 7 to look at people when you talk, but in 8 countries it isn’t polite to look somewhere else. In Britain and the US, people usually look at each other when 9 talk. And how do you say goodbye? That’s easy, wave to say goodbye. But be 10 ! In Greece, it’s not at all polite! In fact, it’s very rude! 1．A．is B．are C．was D．were 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．person B．persons C．personal D．personal’s 4．A．to B．in C．with D．at 5．A．but B．unless C．if D．so 6．A．touch B．to touch C．touches D．touched 7．A．polite B．politely C．impolite D．impolitely 8．A．other B．the other C．others D．the others 9．A．them B．their C．theirs D．they 10．A．care B．careless C．careful D．carefully 九、语法填空。 As an old saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” I learned the meaning of this when I studied in Russia. One day I 1 (invite) some of my Chinese friends to a famous local restaurant in Moscow. My guests and I were excited about 2 (visit) Red Square and happy about our meeting. We had a warm chat until the waiter told me that we were being too loud. We turned our voices 3 . But this didn’t last long. The waiter came over to us two more times with 4 same message. How bad an 5 (impress) we left on the local people! In China, it’s common and important for a host 6 (make) a lively atmosphere. 7 , in Russia and Western countries, having a meal in a public place 8 (mean) you must keep quiet. You need to be polite to others. I felt bad about this. Even though we tried 9 (we) best, it was very difficult to develop a new habit. Finding the balance between 10 (culture) is much fun. I’d like to keep my eyes and mind open. $Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 课时4 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人难堪的 cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 surprising adj. 令人惊奇的 句型 That's so formal that we don't do it these days. 那太正式了，我们现在不这么做了。 Don't bring food unless the host asks you to.除非主人要求，否则不要带食物。 In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. 在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人难堪的 2. .___________ /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 3. ___________adj. 令人惊奇的 1. embarrassing 2. cultural 3. surprising 二、词组默写。 1. ___________ 对……感到惊讶 2. ___________ 对……感到尴尬 3. ___________ 如此……以至于 4. ___________ 一……就…… 5. ___________ 除非；如果不 6. ___________ 把……插入…… 7. ___________ 对……感兴趣 8. ___________ 与……不同 9.___________ 习惯于 1. be surprised by 2. be embarrassed about 3. so … that 4. as soon as 5. unless 6. stick … into … 7. be interested in 8. be different from 9. be used to 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 日本的学生一见到老师就会鞠躬。 Students in Japan bow ______ ______ ______ they meet a teacher. 2. 除非主人邀请，否则不要带食物去做客。 Don’t bring food to the party ______ the host asks you to. 3. 这个习俗太正式了，我们现在不这么做了。 This custom is ______ formal ______ we don’t do it these days. 4. 我对他的鞠躬方式感到很惊讶。 I was ______ ______ his bow. 5. 一完成用餐，你就应该向主人道谢。 You should thank the host ______ ______ ______ you finish the meal. 1. as soon as 2. unless 3. so; that 4. surprised by 5. as soon as 四 、根据汉语提示或括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1．It’s ________ (surprise) that my little sister can solve this math problem. 【答案】surprising 【详解】句意：我的小妹妹能解决这道数学题，这真是令人惊讶。surprise“惊讶”，为名词或动词，句中“It’s”后面接形容词作表语，且此处描述的是“my little sister can solve this math problem”，是这件事令人惊讶，修饰物，所以用surprise的形容词形式surprising，意为“令人惊讶的”。 2．It was an ________ (embarrass) moment when I slipped and fell in front of everyone at the party. 【答案】embarrassing 【详解】句意：当我在聚会上当着所有人的面滑倒时，那是一个令人尴尬的时刻。这里要填的词用来修饰名词“moment”，表示这个时刻的性质。embarrass的形容词形式有两个，embarrassed通常用于形容人“感到尴尬的”，而embarrassing用于形容事物“令人尴尬的”，此处修饰“moment”应用embarrassing。 3．We should learn more about ________ (culture) differences. 【答案】cultural 【详解】句意：我们应该更多地了解文化差异。culture意为“文化”，是名词。此处修饰后面的名词differences，作定语，表示“文化的”，应用形容词形式。故填cultural。 4．________ (除非) you experience it yourself, you won’t feel its true musical energy. 【答案】Unless 【详解】句意：除非你亲身体验，否则无法感受到它真正的音乐能量。句子表达的是一种条件关系，“除非你亲自体验，否则你不会感受到它真正的音乐能量” 。“除非”对应的英文单词是“unless”，它引导条件状语从句，且位于句首，所以首字母要大写“Unless”。 五、选词填空（使用 unless、as soon as 或 so...that... 完成句子）。 1．I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday I am invited. 2．—What do you think of the new movie The Wandering Earth II? —It’s wonderful I really like it. 3． she arrived, she ran to the beach with her watercolors, brushes and paper. 4．The city of Zibo is popular many people want to go there for a trip this year. 5． the Monkey King can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a man. 6． she heard the news, she decided to spend the rest of her life doing what she loved most—watching birds. 【答案】1．unless 2． so that 3．As soon as 4． so that 5．Unless 6．As soon as 【解析】1．句意：下周日我不会去露西的生日派对，除非我被邀请。根据“I won’t go...I am invited”可知，此处是unless“除非”结构，引导条件状语从句，表示“不去派对”的例外条件。故填unless。 2．句意：——你觉得新电影《流浪地球2》怎么样？——它如此精彩，以至于我真的很喜欢它。根据“wonderful...I really like it”可知，此处是so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构，引导结果状语从句，表电影精彩带来的“喜欢”这一结果。故①填so；②填that。 3．句意：她一到，就带着水彩、画笔和纸冲向海滩。根据“she arrived, she ran...”可知，此处是as soon as“一……就……”结构，引导时间状语从句，表“到达”和“冲向海滩”的先后衔接。句首首字母大写，故填As soon as。 4．句意：淄博这座城市如此受欢迎，以至于今年很多人想去那里旅行。根据“popular...many people want to go there”可知，此处是so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构，引导结果状语从句，表城市受欢迎带来的“多人想去旅行”这一结果。故①填so；②填that。 5．句意：除非孙悟空能藏起他的尾巴，否则他不能变成人。根据“can hide his tail...cannot turn himself into a man”可知，此处是unless“除非”结构，引导条件状语从句，表“能藏尾巴”是“变成人”的前提条件。句首首字母大写，故填Unless。 6．句意：她一听到这个消息，就决定余生都做她最喜欢的事——观鸟。根据“heard the news...decided to spend...”可知，此处是as soon as“一……就……”结构，引导时间状语从句，表“听到消息”和“决定做喜欢的事”的先后衔接。句首首字母大写，故填As soon as。 六、完成句子。 1．Türkiye: People don’t kiss one another on the cheek. They can do so if they are good friends. (unless)   → __________________________________________ 【答案】In Türkiye, people don’t kiss one another on the cheek unless they are good friends. 【详解】句意：土耳其：人们不会互相亲吻脸颊。如果他们是好朋友，就可以这么做。原句表达的核心逻辑为“除非满足某一条件，否则不做某事”，unless引导条件状语从句，可将原句改写为“In Türkiye, people don’t kiss one another on the cheek unless they are good friends.”。 2．Japan: Take off your shoes. You do this when you enter someone’s home. (as soon as)   → __________________________________________ 【答案】In Japan, take off your shoes as soon as you enter someone’s home. 【详解】句意：日本：脱掉鞋子。进入别人家时要这样做。as soon as可精准引导时间状语从句，替换原句中的 when，强调动作的即时性，将原句改写为祈使句结构，句首补充地点状语In Japan，首字母大写，即“In Japan, take off your shoes as soon as you enter someone’s home.”      3．Kenya: Being late is very common. You should be patient and not expect people to be on time. (so ... that)   → __________________________________________ 【答案】In Kenya, being late is so common that you should be patient and not expect people to be on time. 【详解】句意：肯尼亚：迟到是很常见的现象。你应该保持耐心，不要期望别人能准时到达。此句用so...that...“如此……以至于……”连接，引导结果状语从句。In Kenya作状语，将“very common”升级为“so common”，后接结果状语从句“that you should...”。 4．China: Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. You should avoid it. (so ... that)   → __________________________________________ 【答案】In China, sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is so rude that you should avoid it. 【详解】句意：在中国，把筷子插在米饭里是非常不礼貌的行为，你应当避免这样做。so…that…是结果状语从句结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，可将两个句子合并，用so修饰形容词rude，that引导结果状语从句，句首补充地点状语In China，即“In China, sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is so rude that you should avoid it.” 5．Mexico: Don’t use someone’s first name if you don’t know him or her well. You can use it if the person invites you to do so. (unless)   → __________________________________________ 【答案】In Mexico, don’t use someone’s first name unless you know him or her well or the person invites you to do so. 【详解】句意：在墨西哥：与不太熟悉的人交往时，不要直呼其名。只有在对方主动示意你可以这样称呼时，才能使用其名字。原句包含两个条件句，可以合并为句子“不要直呼其名，除非你和对方很熟，或者对方允许你这么做。”，unless意为 “除非”，等价于if…not，可将两个if引导的条件句整合为unless引导的并列条件状语从句，用or连接两个条件，句首补充地点状语In Mexico。 七、阅读理解。 Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings, which helps us communicate without saying much at all. Some body language works the same across cultures. Turning red shows one’s anger. Wide eyes with a half-opened mouth mean surprise. Also, looking at your watch from time to time during a chat tells others you're in a hurry. However, ★_. In English, there is a saying, “Don’t trust anyone who won’t look you in the eye.” According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and can even be trusted. But in many other countries, direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of disrespect. The OK sign, which is commonly used, also has different meanings across cultures. It means agreement in North America. But to the French, it means “zero” or “valueless”, not  “fine” or “OK”. Touching is another example. A common and accepted way of saying “hello” in Western culture is a simple handshake. In India, however, greeting an elderly person (perhaps someone in his 60s) with a hand shake might be seen as putting yourself on an equal (同等的) footing with them, which is considered disrespectful. The polite way is by touching their feet, not by shaking their hands. So, the next time you travel to another country, do a quick search first. It can guide you in using proper body language to better communicate with the locals and avoid being impolite to them during your stay! 1．Which body language is understood similarly across cultures? A．Turning red-faced. B．Direct eye contact. C．The OK sign. D．A simple handshake. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．body language is sometimes hard to understand B．people from different cultures cannot communicate well C．everyone should learn to read facial expressions D．not all body language means the same thing in every culture 3．How does the writer organize the ideas in Para.4? A．By telling a personal story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By explaining reasons. 4．What is the best advice for someone travelling to a new country? A．Avoiding using body language during communication. B．Always showing agreement with the “OK” sign. C．Learning about local body language before the trip. D．Watching more silent films to practise. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同文化中肢体语言差异。 1．根据第二段“Some body language works the same across cultures. Turning red shows one’s anger. ”可知，脸红这种肢体语言在不同文化中有相似的理解，即表示愤怒。 2．上文说一些肢体语言在不同文化中有相同的含义，下文举例说明不同文化中肢体语言含义不同，此空起到承上启下的作用，“not all body language means the same thing in every culture”符合语境。 3．第四段中作者通过列举“OK”手势在不同国家的不同含义、在西方和印度打招呼的不同方式等例子，来说明不同文化中肢体语言含义不同，所以是通过举例子的方式组织内容。 4．根据最后一段“So, the next time you travel to another country, do a quick search. It can guide you in using proper body language to better communicate with the locals and avoid being impolite to them during your stay! ”可知，去一个新国家旅行前，要快速搜索了解当地的肢体语言，以便更好地与当地人交流并避免不礼貌。 5．文章第一段引入肢体语言的话题，第二段说一些肢体语言在不同文化中有相同含义，第三段说不同文化中肢体语言含义有不同，第四段举例说明，第五段总结去国外旅行前要了解当地肢体语言，①是总起，②③④是分述，⑤是总结，所以结构是A选项的样子。 八、语法选择。 Our new foreign students are going to arrive very soon, and here 1 some ways to welcome them. How close do you stand when you talk to 2 friend? You can stand close to people in the Middle East but don’t stand too close to North Americans! Give them more 3 space. How about touching people? Chinese girls often walk arm 4 arm with their friends. South Americans sometimes hold your arm when they talk to you, 5 you can’t move away! But in Britain many people don’t like other people 6 them at all. Do you look at people when you talk? In some places, it isn’t 7 to look at people when you talk, but in 8 countries it isn’t polite to look somewhere else. In Britain and the US, people usually look at each other when 9 talk. And how do you say goodbye? That’s easy, wave to say goodbye. But be 10 ! In Greece, it’s not at all polite! In fact, it’s very rude! 1．A．is B．are C．was D．were 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．person B．persons C．personal D．personal’s 4．A．to B．in C．with D．at 5．A．but B．unless C．if D．so 6．A．touch B．to touch C．touches D．touched 7．A．polite B．politely C．impolite D．impolitely 8．A．other B．the other C．others D．the others 9．A．them B．their C．theirs D．they 10．A．care B．careless C．careful D．carefully 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了不同国家在问候方式、身体距离、肢体接触、目光交流以及告别手势等方面的文化差异。 1．句意：我们的新外国学生很快就要到了，这里有一些欢迎他们的方法。 is是，单数；are是，复数； was是，过去式单数；were是，过去式复数。根据“some ways”可知，谓语要用复数，且本文为一般现在时，所以be动词用are，故选B。 2．句意：当你和一个朋友说话时，你们站得有多近？ a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前； an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前； the这个，特指； /零冠词。根据“How close do you stand when you talk to...friend?”可知，此处泛指“一个朋友”，且“friend”以辅音音素开头，故选A。 3．句意：给他们更多的个人空间。 person人；persons人们；personal个人的； personal’s错误形式。根据“space”可知，此处修饰名词“space”，应用形容词“personal”，表示“个人的空间”，故选C。 4．句意：中国女孩经常和朋友挽着手臂走路。 to到，向；in在……里；with和……一起；at在……。“arm in arm”是固定短语，意为“臂挽臂地”，故选B。 5．句意：南美人与你交谈时有时会握住你的手臂，这样你就无法挣脱了！ but但是；unless除非；if如果；so所以。根据“South Americans sometimes hold your arm when they talk to you...you can’t move away!”可知，此处表示结果，意为“以至于你无法走开”，应用“so”引导结果状语从句，故选D。 6．句意：但在英国，许多人根本不喜欢别人碰他们。 touch触碰，动词原形；to touch触碰，动词不定式；touches触碰，第三人称单数；touched触碰，过去式。“like doing/to do sth.”意为“喜欢做某事”，此处用“to touch”表示“不喜欢别人触碰他们”，故选B。 7．句意：在一些地方，当你说话时看着别人是不礼貌的，但在其他国家，看别处是不礼貌的。 polite礼貌的；politely礼貌地；impolite不礼貌的；impolitely不礼貌地。根据“it isn’t...”可知，此处应填形容词，且结合下文“in other countries it isn’t polite to look somewhere else”可知，此处表示不礼貌，it isn’t polite表示“不礼貌”，故选A。 8．句意：在一些地方，当你说话时看着别人是不礼貌的，但在其他国家，看别处是不礼貌的。 other其他的；the other两者中的另一个；others其他人/物；the others其余的全部。根据“but in...countries”可知，此处修饰复数名词“countries”，应用“other”表示“其他的国家”，故选A。 9．句意：在英国和美国，人们说话时通常互相看着对方。 them他们；their他们的；theirs他们的；they他们。分析句子可知，此处作从句的主语，应用主格“they”，故选D。 10．句意：但要小心！ care关心；careless粗心的；careful小心的；carefully小心地。“be+形容词”构成系表结构，此处表示“要小心”，应用形容词“careful”，故选C。 九、语法填空。 As an old saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” I learned the meaning of this when I studied in Russia. One day I 1 (invite) some of my Chinese friends to a famous local restaurant in Moscow. My guests and I were excited about 2 (visit) Red Square and happy about our meeting. We had a warm chat until the waiter told me that we were being too loud. We turned our voices 3 . But this didn’t last long. The waiter came over to us two more times with 4 same message. How bad an 5 (impress) we left on the local people! In China, it’s common and important for a host 6 (make) a lively atmosphere. 7 , in Russia and Western countries, having a meal in a public place 8 (mean) you must keep quiet. You need to be polite to others. I felt bad about this. Even though we tried 9 (we) best, it was very difficult to develop a new habit. Finding the balance between 10 (culture) is much fun. I’d like to keep my eyes and mind open. 【答案】 1．invited 2．visiting 3．down 4．the 5．impression 6．to make 7．However 8．means 9．our 10．cultures 【导语】本文讲述了作者在俄罗斯学习期间，因文化差异而经历的一件印象深刻的事，进而引发对不同文化间差异与平衡的思考。 1．句意：一天，我邀请我的一些中国朋友去莫斯科一家著名的当地餐馆。根据“One day”可知，此处用一般过去时，动词用过去式invited。 2．句意：我和我的客人们对参观红场感到兴奋，也对我们的会面感到高兴。about是介词，其后跟动名词visiting作宾语。 3．句意：我们降低了声音。根据“the waiter told me that we were being too loud”可知，服务员说我们太吵了，所以我们降低了声音，turn down“降低”，固定短语。 4．句意：服务员又带着同样的信息向我们走了两次。same前通常加定冠词the，表示“同样的”。 5．句意：我们给当地人留下了多么糟糕的印象啊！an后跟名词单数impression“印象”。 6．句意：在中国，主人营造活跃的气氛是常见且重要的。it is+adj+for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……的”，固定句型，所以空处用动词不定式to make。 7．句意：然而，在俄罗斯和西方国家，在公共场所吃饭意味着你必须保持安静。根据“In China, it’s common and important for a host...a lively atmosphere.”以及“in Russia and Western countries, having a meal in a public place...you must keep quiet.”可知，前后句是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以用however“然而”表示转折，句首首字母大写。 8．句意：然而，在俄罗斯和西方国家，在公共场所吃饭意味着你必须保持安静。本句陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语“having a meal in a public place”，谓语动词用三单形式means。 9．句意：尽管我们尽了最大努力，但养成一个新习惯还是很困难的。try one’s best“尽某人最大努力”，固定短语，此处用we的形容词性物主代词our。 10．句意：在文化之间找到平衡是很有趣的。between是介词，其后跟名词culture“文化”，此处用复数形式cultures表示“多种文化”。 $