Unit7词汇课文讲练 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

第5讲新版沪教牛津版八下 Unit 7 Space exploration Part 1课文精讲精读 Life in space It was the proudest moment of my life. We were waiting for 1.__________(instruction) from ground control. The minutes seemed like hours. Finally, we 2.__________(take) off. We were travelling so fast it only took about 10 minutes 3.__________(get) into orbit. At first, it was a shock to my body. I wasn't feeling great. However, I soon adjusted and felt better. At last, we reached the space station-my new home for a while! Let me tell you what life in space is like. Eating in space I 4.__________(use) to worry about the food in space. But in fact we can choose from many types of food, such as fruit, nuts, chicken, beef and seafood. We have different types of tea, juice and soup as well. It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too! Working in space We are very busy every day.Being an astronaut is hard because you do not experience gravity when you are in orbit. Everything floats, including you, so simple tasks seem harder and take longer to do. When we go outside, we have to move very carefully. We can't afford 5.__________(make) any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. However, it is 6.__________amazing experience to go outside the space station in a spacesuit.The view of the Earth is great! Sleeping in space Just like on Earth, I go to bed at a certain time. However, I sleep in a 7.__________(sleep) bag in a small room, and I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall.This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something 8.__________mistake! Exercising in space Exercise is an important part of our daily routine in space. When we live in space, we start losing muscle. Exercise can slow down the muscle loss. If we do not exercise, we will be very weak when we return to the Earth. 9.__________(luck), we have a small gym on the space station to help us stay fit. However, the exercise equipment is very 10.__________(difference)from what we use on Earth. 1. wait for 2. take off 3. get into orbit 4. for a while 5. used to do 6. worry about 7. .choose from 8. different types of 9. turn out 10. can’t afford to do 11. make mistakes _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ 12. slow down 13. do exercise 14. float around 15. stay fit 16. at a certain time 17. stop...from doing 18. stick...to... 19. instruct sb. to do sth. 20. adjust to 21. be under stress 22. to one’s amazement _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ 【核心短语积累】 Part 2 教材重点句子分析 考点1. We were waiting for instructions from ground control. (1)instruct v.____________ 例1: The teacher instructed us to keep quiet. (2)____________n.指示；命令；用法说明 例2: You must follow the teacher's instructions. (3)instruct sb. to do sth. ____________ 例3: The teacher instructed us to clean the classroom. 【即学即练】选择题 1. The teacher ______ the students to hand in their homework on time.    A. instructed B. instruction C. instruct 2. Please read the ______ carefully before using the new software.    A. instruct B. instruction C. instructions 考点2. Finally, we took off. take off 意思为____________；____________ 例:The plane is about to take off. 例:Take off your jacket. 【搭】与take相关的重点短语 ①take place____________ 例: The sports meeting will take place next Friday. ②take part in____________ 例:More than 30 students took part in the English speech contest. ③take care of ____________ 例:My grandmother takes care of the flowers in the garden. ④take up____________ 例:He decided to take up playing the guitar this summer. 例:The big desk takes up too much room. 【即学即练】用 take off, take care of, take part in, take place 的适当形式填空。 1. Who will ______ the dog while we are away on vacation? 2. The accident ______ at the crossing yesterday evening. 3. Many famous singers ______ the charity show to raise money last week. 4. It's cold outside. Don't ______ your coat, or you'll catch a cold. 考点3.It only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. 【辨析四个“花费”】spend, take, cost和pay 动词 主语 常用结构 例句 spend _______ spend...on+名词 spend...(in)+doing I spent 20 yuan on this book. She spent two hours (in) finishing her homework. take _______ It takes/took+人+时间+to do It took me three days to read the novel. cost _______ sth. cost(s) +人+金钱 The new phone cost him 5,000 yuan. pay _______ pay+金钱+for+物 I paid 30 dollars for the ticket. 【即学即练】 1.My new camera ______ me 2,000 yuan.    A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid 2. It will ______ us two hours to get to the mountain village by bus.    A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay 3. I ______ 100 yuan ______ this beautiful scarf yesterday.    A. took; for B. cost; on C. paid; for D. spent; for 4. Mr. Wang ______ a lot of time ______ English every morning.    A. spends; reading B. takes; to read C. costs; reading D. pays; to read 考点4.I used to worry about the food in space. (1) used to 意为“______________” 例：I used to get up early and took an hour's walk before breakfast. (2) be used to (doing) sth. 意为“______________”， 例：He is/gets used to living in Shenzhen. (3) be used to do sth. 意为“______________” 例：Chopsticks are used to eat meals(进餐) in many Asian countries. (4) be used for doing sth. 意为“______________”，be used for doing=be used to do。 例：This App is often used for learning English vocabulary. (5) be used as... 意为“______________” 例：In the past, seashells were sometimes used as money. 【即学即练】 填空题 1. I __________ (use) to live in the countryside, but now I live in the city. 2. He is not used to __________ (eat) such spicy food. 3. This machine is used __________ (cut) metal sheets. 4.This room is used __________ a meeting room. 考点5.We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. afford用法 (1)afford v.______________ 例1: I can't afford this mobile phone. (2)affordable adj.______________ 例2: The house is affordable for us. (3)afford to do sth.______________ 例3: We can’t afford to waste time. stress用法 (1)stress n.______________ 例1: He got sick because of work stress. (2)stress v.______________ 例2: The teacher always stresses the importance of honesty. (3)stressful adj.______________ 例3: This job is very stressful, but the pay is good. (4)be under stress ______________ 例4: She often feels under stress when facing difficulties. 【即学即练】用该知识点填空 1. The house is too expensive. We can't ________ it. 2. She is looking for an ________ apartment(公寓) near the university. 3. I can’t ________ to buy a new car. 4. Many people find it hard to relax when they ________ (处于压力之下). 5. Moving to a new city can be a very ________ (stress) experience. 考点6. However, it is an amazing experience to go outside the space station in a spacesuit. (1) amaze v.______________→惊奇n.______________ (2) amazed adj._____________ 例1: We were amazed to hear the news. (3) amazing adj._____________ 例2: This movie is so amazing. (4) to one’s amazement ______________ 例3: To his amazement, his wallet was returned. 【即学即练】 1. The little boy's talent for music is truly _____________ (amaze). 2. We were _____________ (amaze) to find that no one was hurt in the accident. 3. To our _____________ (amaze), the plane arrived on time despite the storm. Part 3 Unit 7词汇考点讲解 序号 英文单词 词性 音标 中文含义 考点拓展 1 beef n. /biːf/ 牛肉（不可数） 2 seafood n. /ˈsiːfuːd/ 海鲜 3 afford v. /əˈfɔːd/ 承担的起（后果） 【变】____________adj. 承担的起的；买得起的 【搭】afford to do sth. _____________ 4 mistake n. /mɪˈsteɪk/ 错误 【多】v. 误解；弄错 【搭】______________犯错误 by mistake ______________ 5 stick v. /stɪk/ 粘；贴 【多】n. 棍；棒 【变】______________adj. 粘的 stick-_______(PT)-_______(PP) 【搭】stick to doing sth.______________ stick...to...______________ 6 hit v. /hɪt/ 碰撞；撞击 【变】hit-_______(PT)-_______(PP) 7 *muscle n. /ˈmʌsl/ 肌肉 8 gym n. /dʒɪm/ 健身房 9 *satellite n. /ˈsætəlaɪt/ 卫星 【搭】man-made satellite ______________ 10 destroy v. /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ 破坏 【同】= ______________ 【变】______________n. 破坏 ______________n. 破坏者 11 average adj. /ˈævərɪdʒ/ 平均的 【搭】（填介词）________average 平均而言 12 probable adj. /ˈprɒbəbl/ 很可能发生的 【同】= ______________ 【变】______________adv. 可能地 13 select v. /sɪˈlekt/ 挑选；选拔 【变】______________n. 挑选；选拔 ______________adj. 有选择的；挑剔的 【搭】select _______（填介词）从...中挑选.... be selected as ______________ 14 spaceflight n. /ˈspeɪsflaɪt/ 航天；宇宙飞行 15 serve v. /sɜːv/ 为......服务；服务 【变】______________n. 服务 ______________n. 仆人；佣人 【搭】______________ 担任...工作 16 deliver v. /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ 传送；运载 【变】______________n. 传送；运载 17 *fuel n. /ˈfjuːəl/ 燃料 【搭】fossil fuel ______________ 18 supply n. /səˈplaɪ/ 供应量；供给量 【多】v. 供应 【搭】supply...______（填介词）... 供应 be in short supply ______________ 19 point n. /pɔɪnt/ 时刻；阶段 【多】v. 指着；n. 点 【搭】point of view ______________ point ______（填介词）指出 point ______（填介词）指向 20 lab n. /læb/ 实验室 【补】laboratory n. 实验室（全称） 序号 短语 中文 序号 短语 中文 1 for a while ______________ 4 daily routine ______________ 2 turn out ______________ 5 space junk ______________ 3 cannot afford to ______________ 6 naked eye ______________ Part 3 随堂练习 一、单项选择 1. The pilot ______ the passengers to fasten their seat belts before take-off.      A. instructed B. instruction C. instructs D. instructing 2. The plane will ______ in ten minutes. Please remain seated.      A. take off B. take up C. take place D. take care 3. The new smartphone ______ me 5,000 yuan.      A. spent B. cost   C. took D. paid  4. I ______ live in the countryside, but now I live in the city.       A. used to B. am used to C. was used to D. get used to  5. We can't ______ to lose this chance. It's very important.       A. afford B. offer C. affording D. offered 6. The job is quite ______, but I enjoy it because it's challenging. A. stress B. stressful C. stressed D. stressing 7. The movie was so ______ that we watched it twice. A. amazed B. amazing C. amazement D. amaze 8. I took your umbrella ______ mistake. I'm sorry. A. by B. in C. on D. for 9. He ______ the stamp onto the envelope. A. stuck B. sticked C. stick D. sticking 10. ______ average, women live longer than men. A. On B. In C. At D. For  11. We were ______ to hear that he had won the first prize. A. amazing B. amazed C. amazement D. amaze 12. It will ______ rain tomorrow, so take an umbrella. A. probably B. probable C. maybe D. possible 13. He is very good, so he was ______ as our monitor. A. selected B. choosing C. to select D. selection 14. The restaurant ______ delicious food to the customers every day. A. serves B. gives C. offers D. provides  15. It ______ us two hours to finish the project yesterday. A. spends B. costs C. takes D. took   二、用单词的适当形式填空 1. We were waiting for __________ (instruct) from ground control. 2. It only __________ (take) about 10 minutes to get into orbit. 3. I used to __________ (worry) about the food in space. 4. It __________ (turn) out that eating can be a pleasure in space too. 5. We can’t afford __________ (make) any mistakes. 6. It can be __________ (stress) sometimes. 7. It is an __________ (amaze) experience to go outside the space station. 8. Exercise can slow down the muscle __________ (lose). 9. In space, everything __________ (float), including you. 10. The spacesuit is used __________ (protect) astronauts from the space environment. Part 4 课后练习 一、用合适的词填空 1. Please read the__________ (instruct) carefully before using the new software. 2. It __________ (take) us about two hours to finish the work. 3. She__________ (spend) two hours__________(read) the novel yesterday. 4. I__________ (use) to live in the countryside, but now I live in the city. 5. We can't afford__________ (make) any mistakes. 6. The job is very __________ (stress). 7. To our__________ (amaze), he succeeded. 8. He __________(stick) the picture on the wall. 9. The earthquake__________ (destroy) many houses. 10. It will __________(probable) rain tomorrow. 二、完成句子 1. 飞机马上就要起飞了。  The plane is about to ___________ ___________. 2. 我将在太空站住一段时间。  I will live in the ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________. 3. 结果证明，在太空吃饭也可以是一种享受。  It __________ __________ that eating can be a pleasure __________ __________. 4. 我们承担不起犯任何错误。  We can't ___________ ___________ make any mistakes. 5. 我错拿了你的书包。  I took your schoolbag ___________ ___________. 6. 锻炼是我们日常生活中的重要部分。  Exercise is an important part of our ___________ ___________. 7. 这颗卫星用肉眼就能看到。  The satellite can be seen with the ___________ ___________. 8. 老师指示我们保持安静。  The teacher ___________ us ___________ keep quiet. 9. 他决定开始学吉他。   He decided to ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________. 10. 事故发生在昨天下午。  The accident ___________ ___________ yesterday afternoon. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $