Unit3 Environmental Protection Words and Expressions 词汇讲解课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 3 Environmental Protection (words and expressions) 1. starve v. (使)挨饿→__________n. 挨饿→ _________adj. 饥饿的 2. ecology n. 生态→_________adj. 生态的→________n. 生态学家 3. habitat n.居住地; 栖息地→_________adj.适合居住的→________n.居民 4. sustain vt. 维持; 保持 → __________adj. 可持续的; 合理利用的 5. comprehensive adj.全部的→ ________________n. 理解力 6. frequent adj. 频繁的→_________adv. 频繁地→ _________n. 频率 7. restrict vt. 限制→ _________n. 限制规定; 限制法规; 约束 8. harmony n. 和谐→___________adj. 和谐的 starvation starving ecological ecologist habitable habitant sustainable restriction harmonious frequently frequency comprehension 9. submit vt.&vi. 提交，屈服→ ________________n. 屈服；服从 10. origin n. 起源; 出身→__________v. 起源→_________adj. 最初的 11. conserve v. 保护→___________n. 保护→ ___________adj.保守的 →______________n. (自然环境、野生动植物等)保护主义者 →______________ adj. 保护性； 保存的 12. regulate v. 规定→___________n. 章程; 规章制度 13. disposal n.除掉 →________v.清理,去除 14. inspection n.检查/查看→________v 检查,查看_________n 视察员 15. tolerate vt. 容忍→__________n. 容忍→ _______adj. 宽容的 dispose inspect inspector submission originate original conservation conservative regulation tolerance tolerant conservationist conservational at one’s disposal 任某人处理 emission  /iˈmɪʃn/ n.排放物;散发物;排放 emit v.排放；散发；发出；发行 类似： permit-permission，admit-admission carbon emission 碳排放 gas emission 气体排放 cut the emission of greenhouse gases 减少温室气体的排放 减少温室气体的排放是我们的责任。 It is our responsibility to cut the emission of greenhouse gases. 4 melt /melt/ vi.&vt.(使)融化;熔化;软化 melting adj.柔情似水的；感人的 melt down 将……熔化 melt into sth 逐渐融入 melt away 消失，逐渐散去 melting point 熔点 melt in your mouth （食物）爽滑可口 雪没有一点融化的迹象。 The snow showed no sign of melting. 5 starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿;饿死 starvation n.挨饿；饿死 starving adj. 饥饿的；快饿死的 starve to death =be starved to death 饿死 The poor animal was starved to death because its owner forgot to feed it for days. 这只可怜的动物因为主人连续几天忘记喂食而饿死了。 starve for=be starving for 渴望；急需 The students are starving for new knowledge. starve to do sth 渴望做某事 He starved to see her once again. be starved of/for 极需；缺乏 His writing is starved for original ideas, so it fails to attract readers. be dying/thirsty/hungry/ desperate for/to do sth =long for/to do freeze to death 各种“死”法的表达 be worried to death be scared to death be beaten to death 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children ___________(starve) in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (2)Eventually，I strongly starve _____ knowledge about which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most. starving for (3)Because the drought has destroyed all the crops, the villagers are at risk of starving ______ death. (4)如果植物缺乏阳光，它将无法进行光合作用并正常生长。 _________________________________, it will not be able to photosynthesize and grow properly. to If the plant is starved of/for sunlight ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n.生态;生态学 ecosystem n.生态系统 ecological adj.生态的，生态学的 ecologist n.生态学者 plant/animal/human ecology 植物/动物/人类生态学 ecological balance 生态平衡 ecology system 生态系统 我们有可能破坏这个地区的生态平衡。 We risk upsetting the ecological balance of the area. 9 release /rɪˈliːs/ vt.&n.排放;释放;发布 release a prisoner/hostage 释放囚犯/人质 release…from… 把……从……中释放出来 release sb from sth 免除/解除（某人的职责/责任等） release a movie/book/cd 发行电影/书/唱片 这个善良的女孩决定把鸟从笼子里放出来。 The kind girl decided to release the bird from the cage. 该工厂持续排放烟雾，污染了空气。 The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. 10 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(外研选必一U5)The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals ________ the leaves that are being eaten. (2)听说自己最喜欢的作家的新书已经发行了，他非常兴奋，希望能尽快拿到一本。 He was excited to learn that ____________________________________ _________, hoping to get his hands on a copy as soon as possible. 读后续写之情绪描写 from his favorite author's latest book was on/in release methane /ˈmi:θeɪn/ n.甲烷;沼气 carbon /ˈkɑ:bən/ n.碳 dioxide  /daɪˈɒksaɪd/ n.二氧化物 carbon dioxide /ˈkɑ:bən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ 二氧化碳 habitable /ˈhæbɪtəbl/ adj.适合居住的 uninhabitable adj.无法居住的；不宜居的 habitation n.居住；住处 habitat n.栖息地 habitant n.居民;居住者 habitable zone 适居带 natural habitat 天然栖息地 这个房子到新年时应该就可以住了。 The house should be habitable by the new year. 大熊猫的天然栖息地是竹林。 The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest. 14 sustain /səˈsteɪn/ vt.维持;遭受;承受住 sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的 sustainability n.可持续性 sustained adj.持久的；持续的 sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 遭受损失/受伤/遭受失败 sustain relationships with sb. 与某人维持关系 sustainable development 可持续发展 a period of sustained economic growth 经济持续增长的时期 哪些行星可以维持生命的存在？ Which planets can sustain life？ 15 fossil /ˈfɒsl/ n.化石 fuel /ˈfju:əl/ n.燃料;刺激性言行 fossil fuel /ˈfɒsl ˈfju:əl/ 化石燃料(如煤或石油) worldwide /ˈwɜ:ldwaɪd/ adv.遍全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 world+-wide“...范围内的/地点” statewide______________ countrywide____________ industrywide____________ 全州的/地 全国的/地 整个业界的/地 comprehensive /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的 comprehension n.理解力；理解训练 comprehensible adj.可理解的；能懂的 comprehend v.理解；领悟（understand） 所有产品都标有详尽的使用说明。 All the products are labelled with comprehensive instructions. comprehensive quality 综合素质 a comprehensive study 全面的研究 comprehensive school 综合中学 a reading comprehension 阅读理解练习 18 trend /trend/ n.趋势;趋向;动向 economic/social/political trends 经济/社会/政治趋势 set a new trend 开启新风气 a trend in/towards... ……的趋势 tend to do sth 往往会做某事 tend v.倾向；往往会；照料 tendency n.趋向;趋势；倾向 提早退休者有增加的趋势。 There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement. 19 frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/ adv.频繁地;经常 frequent adj.频繁的；经常的 infrequent adj.罕见的 frequency n.频繁;频率 他常常访问这个国家。 He is a frequent visitor to this country. 几年来致命的事故发生率已经下降了。 Fatal accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years. a frequent visitor 常客 a high/low frequency 高/低频 word frequency 词频 20 broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ vt.&vi.播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目 broadcast-broadcast-broadcast broadcast news 传播新闻 a live broadcast 现场直播 我们观看了那场演说的现场直播。 We watched a live broadcast of the speech. 这个节目曾在全国播放过。 The programme was broadcast nationally. 21 policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n.政策;方针;原则 复数：policies politics n.政治 political adj.政治的；政党的 a policy on sth （……方面）的政策 foreign/domestic policy 外交/内政政策 make/ develop a policy 制定政策 adopt/ carry out/ follow a policy 采取/实施/奉行方针 political power/party/leader 政治权利/政党/政治领袖 这些政策受到了广泛支持。 These policies have a broad base of support. 22 restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt.限制;限定;束缚 restriction n.限制；规定；约束 restrictive adj.限制性的，约束的 restrict one’s freedom 限制某人的自由 restrict...to... 把……限制在…… restrict oneself to (doing) sth 限制自己只做某事 without restriction 不受限制 我们将每个班的学生人数限定为10人。 We restrict the number of students per class to 10. 我限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。 I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day. 23 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)Although she had many interests, she decided to restrict her studies ____ environmental science. (2)(2025·浙江卷1月) Any ____________(restrict) established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. to restrictions (3)The government has decided to place a restriction ____ the use of plastic bags in supermarket. (4)俱乐部成员的数量被限制在10人以内，因此很难加入这个俱乐部。 _______________________________________________, so it is very difficult to be admitted to the club. on The number of club members is restricted to ten seize /siːz/ vt.抓住;夺取;控制 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会/机遇 seize sb. by + 身体部位 抓住某人的…… seize on/upon sth 突然大为关注某事；抓住（可利用的事物） seize up 停止运转；发生故障 他抓住了我的手。 He seized me by the hand. 她突然感到一阵内疚。 She was seized by a sudden pang of conscience. 25 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)He was seized __________ a sudden inspiration when he was taking a walk in the park. (2)当他试图逃跑时，保安抓住了他的胳膊，牢牢地控制住了他。 →When he tried to run away, the security guard ______________ and held him firmly. →When he tried to run away, the security guard ____________________ and held him firmly.读后续写之动作描写 with/by seized his arm seized him by the arm basin /ˈbeɪsn/ n.流域;盆地;盆 penguin /ˈpeŋgwɪn/ n.企鹅 reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ vi.&vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良 Reform and Opening-up 改革开放 a reformed character 改过自新的人 reform the social security system 改革社会保障制度 reformer n.改革者; 改良者 reformation n.改进; 改革; 改善 法律需要进行改革。 The law needs to be reformed. 他已经承诺要改过自新。 He has promised to reform. 29 undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ vt.经历;经受(变化、不快等) undergo-underwent-undergone 词汇拓展： undertake v.承担 underestimate v.低估 underline v.在……下面划线 underdog n.处于劣势的人 undergo tests/trials/repairs/operation/surgery 经受考验/接受审讯/接受检修/接受手术 他母亲去年动过大手术。 His mother underwent major surgery last year. 30 implement /ˈɪmplɪmənt/ vt.使生效;贯彻;执行 近：carry out implementation n.实施；执行 the implementation of the new system 新体制的实施 implement changes / decisions / policies / reforms 实行变革/执行决议/执行政策/实施改革 如果没有人反对的话，新计划将立即执行。 If no one objects, the new plan will be implemented immediately. 31 harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj.和谐的 harmony n.和谐 harmoniously adv.和谐地 in harmony with… 与……协调；与……相配 out of harmony with… 与……不协调 live/work in harmony 生活/工作得融洽 a harmonious society 一个和谐社会 他们合作得十分融洽。 They worked very harmoniously together. 我们必须努力和我们周围的人和谐相处。 We must try to live in harmony with those around us. 32 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)I believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together ___ harmony. (2)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)This eye­catching column, I'm firmly convinced, won't fail to grant the whole class a ____________ (harmony) atmosphere. (3)这座建于1980年代的现代摩天大楼如今与周边的历史建筑格格不入。 The modern skyscraper, which was built in the 1980s, now __________________________________________________________． in harmonious looks out of harmony with the surrounding historical architecture moderate  /ˈmɒdərət/ adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 vi.&vt.缓和;使适中 moderation n.适度 moderately adv.适度地 students of moderate ability 能力一般的学生 a moderate heat 文火 moderate views/policies 温和的见解/政策 适度的压力是有好处的，但是压力太大不会把人压垮。 While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you. 34 submit /səbˈmɪt/ vt.&vi.提交;呈递;屈服 submit an application/a complaint 提交申请书/控诉书 submit sth. to sb. 向某人提交某物 submit oneself to... 屈服…；不得已接受 submit to sth. /sb. 顺从/屈服某人/某物；向某人投降 submit-submitted-submitted-submitting submission n.提交；屈服 他们没有向敌人屈服。 They did not submit to the enemy. 完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。 Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March. 35 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)Before making the final decision, the committee reviewed all ______________(submit) carefully. (2)According to what he observed，the doctor decided on submitting his medical report ____ the president of the hospital. (3)如果我没有向困难屈服的话，我就会被我理想中的大学录取了。 __________________________________, I would have been admitted to my ideal university. submissions to If I hadn't submitted to difficulties annual /ˈænjuəl/ adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴 annually adv.一年一度地 an annual event 一年一度的大事 an annual meeting/report 年会/年度报告 an annual income/budget/leave 年收入/年预算/年假 annual rainfall 年降雨量 这个国家的年平均降雪量是多少？ What is the average annual snowfall for this state? 这个展览每年举行一次。 The exhibition is held annually. 37 tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/ adj.热带的;来自热带的 a tropical rainforest 热带雨林 tropical storm 热带风暴 tropical fish 热带鱼 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。 The warm climate favors many types of tropical plants. chaos /ˈkeɪɒs/ n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱 in chaos 处于混乱状态 economic/political/domestic chaos 经济/政治/国内的混乱 38 on behalf of /bɪˈhɑːf/ 代表(代替)某人 on sb’s behalf ＝ on behalf of sb stand for 代表；表示 in behalf of sb = in sb’s behalf 为了帮助某人 我谨代表本部门感谢大家。 On behalf of the department， I would like to thank you all. 我们为帮助无家可归的人而募捐。 We collected money in behalf of the homeless. behalf n.利益；代表 39 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)I am writing to you _____ his behalf to express our gratitude for your generous donation.应用文写作之感谢信 (2)With a code book, you might write down words that would stand _____ other words. (3)我很荣幸在此代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。 →____________________, I'm honoured to be here to extend a warm welcome to you. →____________________, I'm honoured to be here to extend a warm welcome to you.应用文写作之发言稿 on for On behalf of our school Representing our school sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的 sensible adj.明智的；合理的 sense v/n.感觉 sensible advice 合理的建议 be sensitive to… 对……敏感的 be sensitive about… 介意……；在乎…… make sense 讲得通；有道理 make sense of 理解；弄懂 in no sense 决不(置于句首句子用倒装) 证券市场对政局变化非常敏感。 The Stock Exchange is very sensitive to political change. 41 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)_____ a sense, his decision to leave was understandable, given the circumstances. (2)Can you completely make sense _____what the expert in psychology said just now? In of (3) 我们绝不能认为这个项目是失败的；它已经实现了许多目标。 _______________________________________; it has achieved many of its goals. (4)担心我们无法改变的事情是没有意义的；这只会增加我们的压力。 ____________________________________________________; it only adds to our stress. 应用文写作之建议信 In no sense can we consider this project a failure There is no sense in worrying about things we cannot change jungle /ˈdʒʌŋgl/ n.(热带)丛林;密林 smog /smɒɡ/ n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物) smoggy adj. 烟雾弥漫的 类似：sunny; foggy; funny; muddy originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ vi.&vt.起源;发源;创立 origin n.起源；起因 original adj.起初的；原作的 originally adv.原来；起初 originate from 发源于；起源于 original works 原创作品 44 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt.恢复;使复原;修复 restoration n.恢复；复原；修复 restore one’s sight 恢复视力 restore sb/sth to sth 使恢复到，使复原到 restore sth to sb 把某物归还给某人 restoration work 修复工作 警察已经把这幅油画归还给了它的主人。 The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner. 我们想把这花园变得和过去一样美丽。 We hope to restore the garden to its former glory. 45 conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持 conserve vt.保护;保存 conservative adj.保守的;守旧的 conservationist n.（自然环境等）保护主义者 under conservation 被保护 the conservation of water/fuel 节约用水/燃油 energy conservation 能源的节约 conserve wildlife 保护野生动物 经济增长仍然与贫困、社会公正和资源保护等问题紧密相关。 Economic growth is still bound to the issues of poverty, social justice and conservation. 46 dozen /ˈdʌzn/ n.(一)打;十二个 two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 several dozen / a few dozen people 数十人/几十个人 Nineteen to the dozen 喋喋不休 dozens of 许多 近： scores of, a number of, quite a few, a great many等 只有六七个人到场。 Only about half a dozen people turned up. 她没完没了地聊着。 She was chatting away, nineteen to the dozen. 47 volume   /ˈvɒlju:m/ n.量;体积;(成套书中)一卷 enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz/ n.公司;企业;事业 regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ n.章程;规章制度 这违背了所有的规章制度。 It’s against all rules and regulations. 信贷公司的业务受到法律的约束。 The activities of credit companies are regulated by law. regulate vt. 约束；管理；调节 regular adj.定时的；定期的 rules and regulations 规章制度 fire/safety regulation 防火条例；安全章程 comply with regulations 遵守章程 50 disposal /dɪˈspəʊzl/ n.去掉;清除;处理 dispose v.处理；安排；处置 disposable adj.可任意处理的；一次性的 sewage disposal systems 污水处理系统 at one’s disposal 任某人处理；由自行支配 dispose of sb/sth 去掉；清除；销毁 disposal gloves/chopsticks 一次性手套/筷子 炸弹已安全处理。 The bomb has been safely disposed of. 他将有一辆汽车归他使用一个月。 He will have a car at his disposal for the whole month. 51 inspection /ɪnˈspekʃn/ n.检查;查看;视察 inspect vt.视察；检查 inspector n.检查员，督察员 工程师对轨道进行了详细的检查。 Engineers carried out a detailed inspection of the track. 对这些植物定期做病害检查。 The plants are regularly inspected for disease. carry out regular inspections 进行定期检查 inspect sth/sb (for sth) 检查…… 52 fine /faɪn/ vt.对…处以罚款 fine adj. 美好的 ；健康的；晴朗的 fine (sb) for (doing) sth. 因某事而惩罚某人 walk/tread a fine line 处于险境；如履薄冰 get sth down to a fine art 把……学得非常在行 他因超速而被罚款。 He was fined for speeding. 我常常旅行，这就把打包行李学到家了。 I spend so much time traveling that I have got packing down to a fine art. 53 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n.运动;战役 vi.&vt.参加运动;领导运动 我们最近15年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。 We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years. 我们这次运动的主要目的是募款。 Our campaign’s main purpose is to raise money. campaigner n.（政治或社会变革的）运动领导者/参与者 a global/international campaign 全球/国际运动 conduct/launch a campaign 发起一场运动 campaign for/against 参加运动支持/反对…… 54 tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ vt.忍受;包容;容许 tolerate= stand= bear= put up with tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 intolerant adj.不容忍的 tolerable adj.　　可容忍的 tolerance n.容忍；忍受 tolerate (doing) sth. 容忍（做）某事 be tolerant of sth. /sb. 容忍某物/某人 老师不能容忍在课堂上吃东西。 The teacher cannot tolerate eating on the class. 55 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)He tolerates ___________(work) under pressure, but he prefers a more relaxed work environment. (2)(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes are achieved through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk ___________(tolerate). (3)若想建立持久的关系，你必须容忍他人的不完美。 If you want to build lasting relationships, _________________________ ___________________．应用文写作之建议信 working tolerance others' imperfections you must be tolerant of/towards Unit 3 Thank You！ (words and expressions) $