Unit 5 Nature‘s Temper单词语法讲解练习+单词音频 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语Unit5核心词汇，涵盖自然现象（如earthquake, typhoon）、动词（如warn, hide）、名词（如interview, rescue）等52个基础词汇，通过音标、释义、短语、派生词及易混词辨析（如almost/nearly, beat/win）构建从基础到拓展的学习支架，衔接词汇与语法应用。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过派生词链（如temper-temperate-temperamental）、易混词对比表格（如except/except for辨析）深化词汇理解，实用短语（如warn sb. not to do sth.）和语法点（如as soon as用法）助力课中高效教学，课后可通过辨析表格与短语清单自查复习，提升自主学习能力。

Unit5单词句子练习 一、请根据所给的首字母或音标写出单词，使句子意思完整正确 1.An e________ usually happens suddenly and the ground shakes strongly. 2.There are many storms in this area. They have caused a f________. 3.His bad t________ often makes him argue with others over small things. 4.One winter，a heavy s________ hit the village and everyone tried their best to clear the snow in front of the house. 5.The super________(台风) Ragasa brought extreme weather to the south of China. 6.The dry weather caused a w________ that burned thousands of hectares (公顷) of forest. 7.Because of a serious________(旱灾), the farmers are very worried about their plants. 8.We should w________people to stay indoors when a strong hurricane comes. 9.I went for a job i________yesterday and I am still waiting for the result. 10.If you don't follow the rules, you may be in ________/'trʌbl/. 11.The weather r________ helps people prepare for bad weather early. 12.Yuan Longping cared about people's food s________ around the world during his life. 13.A big ________/trʌk/ delivered goods to the supermarket. 14.Now，the n________ looks nicer, and the birds have more places to rest. 15.You n________ miss the bus. You should get up early this morning. 16.A huge ________/weɪv/ hit the beach and surprised the tourists. 17.After long hours' work, Peter slept s________through the whole night. 18.The storm cut off the electricity and we had no p________. 19.The fog was so t________that we couldn't see the road clearly. 20.The rain ________/bi:t/ heavily against the windows all night. 21.--Do you often help your parents do c________ at home? --Yes, I clean the living room every day. 22.The ________(龙卷风) was a real disaster, leaving thousands of people homeless. 23.That was the ________/wɜ:st/ storm in the town. 24.When given something you don't want to eat, just r________ politely. 25.The scientist uses his k________ to help factories produce better cars. 26.After moving to a new town, Mary felt lonely without her best friends n________. 27.The milk overflowed (溢出) from the cup, forming white f________on the surface. 28.We said "thank you" ________/'θæŋkfəli/ after the volunteer helped us. 29.With good, clear________/'θɪŋkɪŋ/ one can arrive at an answer. 30.I think the Monkey King is a h________because he keeps fighting to help the weak. 31.The cartoon Turning Red tells a story of a 13-year-old________(学校的女生) called Meilin Lee. 32.A nearby ________(滑坡) blocked(阻塞) the road. 33.Please put your phone and keys in the box for the________(安全) check. 34.The new factory will need a lot of m________to make it work properly next year. 35.After climbing to the top of the mountain, his________(心跳) became very fast and strong. 36.The________(西南的) part of our country is famous for its beautiful mountains and clean rivers. 37.Last week, a heavy________(暴风雨) hit the small village and caused some problems for the people there. 38.He got to school early as u________ this morning. 39.I have to r________my lessons at home to get ready for tomorrow's exam. 40.--What did you do last Saturday, Tina? --I went to the nursing home and worked as a v________there. 41.When the a________ goes off, all the students and teachers must listen to the direction carefully. 42.The town's lifeboat was used to r________the fishermen whose boat turned over in the sea. 43.--How long have you been in Qiqihar? --S________my father came here to work five years ago. 44.There is seldom sunshine in the r________season. 45.He was u________ to miss the last bus, so he had to walk home, 46.He was scared by the ________(雷声). 47.I escaped the________(热浪)in Washington earlier this summer and flew to Maine. 48.Do not try to swim in ________(洪水). 49.We must s________ our motherland. 50.--OK, where can you find a f________? --At the fire station. 二、请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 1.We had a big dinner with all our (relative) during the Spring Festival. 2.The rain was so heavy that many (neighbourhood) were flooded quickly. 3.Angela is good at singing. She will (possible) be a singer. 4.It is (report) that 30 minutes' walk every day is healthy enough. 5.It's necessary to make good (prepare) before having a party. 6.A snake climbed out of a box of bananas and (hide) somewhere. 7.The strong wind made the sea (wave) crash(猛撞) loudly against the shore(岸). 8.Mike's parents called (warn) him to stay away from the windows when the storm came. 9.The Chinese government gave many emergency medical (supply) to other countries when they met serious problems 10.The long (dry) makes the farmers' lives very hard. 11.At that time, the reporter (interview) a famous actor. 12.The cats were walking on the (roof) of the old buildings. 13.[谚语]Don't trouble trouble until trouble (trouble) you. 14.I (wave) to him to get his attention but he didn't see me. 15.The baby finally fell asleep (sound) in her mother's arms. 16.Its fur is the (thick) of all animals, helping it stay warm in freezing weather. 17.There is a lot of heavy rain so the small village near the river gets (flood). 18.It's a big surprise that our class (beat) Class 9 in the final volleyball game last week. 19. Every kid thinks their fathers are their super (hero). 20. (thank), the doctor arrived just in time to save the patient's life. 21.Peter was unhappy because he did (badly) in the test of all the students. 22.The creative (think) of great minds like Einstein has inspired lots of scientists to study the unknown. 23.As enjoying doing sports, we decided at the 2026 Asian Beach Games. (volunteer) 24.The two kind (schoolgirl) helped an old man find his way home after school. 25.Hearing the fire alarm, the students stopped (scream) and followed the teacher out. 26.Leo (refuse) to eat vegetables, though his mum said they were good for him. 27.The museum has many (guard) to keep the paintings safe. 28.She felt (terrible) nervous before the big exam and couldn't sleep well. 29.She had an (luck) experience yesterday when she fell and hurt her knee. 30.After the bright lightning, the sky (thunder), and there would be a rainstorm! 31.Get the new knowledge while (review) the old one. 32.Be more careful when you go along the streets on (rain) days. 33.Kunming, a (southwest) city in China, is famous for its fine weather. 34.If you're in a burning building, stay in a safe room and wait for (firefight). 35.After the earthquake, the government worked to provide (secure)for people in need. 36.The (alarm) wake everyone up in the building at night. 37.Since it was raining heavily, the firefighters (rescue) the cat from the tree quickly. 38.The brave firefighters (safeguard) the little girl from the burning house last night. 39. (sudden) the light went off. 40.At that time, I (volunteer) in the kitchen with different people every week. 三、根据语境，用适当的虚词盲填 1.In the eye the snowstorm, all the streets grow quiet. 2.She had some trouble controlling her temper after hearing the news. 3.Sara was busy cooking in the kitchen Tara was reading in the living room. 4.Bees and butterflies play among flowers. Then they hide the April showers. 5.We moved the heavy branches the roof while the tsunami was stopping. 6.My sister often helps me the maths homework that I find difficult. 7.The sudden rain took us surprise when we walked home from school. 8.All a sudden, the light went out when we were watching a funny movie. 9.The teenagers go to the park every weekend to prepare the race that is coming soon. 10. the time of the football match, my dad, who likes sport, was shouting for the teams. 11. After the storm, workers came to move the fallen trees the road. 12.Miss Smith was about to finish her science fiction the reporter arrived. 13.All the fishing boats returned to the port (港口) the tornado started. 14.Gina warned me not to use phones while riding, or I might get an accident. 15. the typhoon, the wind and rain were so heavy that we could hardly hear each other. 16.Not only Linda but also I was out breath at the end of the race. 17.The old man fell off the bed. a result, he hurt his shoulder badly. 18. the introduction (采用) of AI, many daily tasks have become much faster and easier. 19.After school, usual, I did quick review of today's history notes with my classmates. 四、根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词) 1.突然，台风袭击了村庄，然后停电了。 A typhoon hit the village , and then the power . 2.当村民们跑到避难所时已经上气不接下气。 When the villagers ran to the shelter, they were . 3.结果，许多道路被倒下的树木和洪水阻断。 , many roads were blocked by fallen trees and floods. 4.专家建议人们应该为极端天气事件做好准备。 Experts suggested that people should extreme weather events. 5.政府一收到新的台风预警，就立刻启动了应急响应机制。 the government received the new typhoon warning, it immediately activated the emergency response system. 6.秋去冬来，大自然的变化悄然发生。 As fall turns into winter, changes in nature quietly. 7.当他给我打电话时我正在做家务。 I when he called me. 8.运动会时，全班同学都为运动员加油。 The whole class cheered for the athletes the sports meeting. 9.鲍勃发了脾气，对朋友大喊。 Bob and shouted at his friends. 10.他在上学的路上出了事故，但幸运的是没有受伤。 He on his way to school, but luckily he wasn't hurt. 11.“倾盆大雨”意思是“雨下得很大”。 "It's " means it's raining heavily. 12.人们提前储存了食物和水以备不时之需。 People food and water ahead of time emergencies. 13.火灾发生后，所有人都竭尽全力成功抵达安全地带。 After the fire happened, everyone tried their best to . 14.当求救铃声响起时，救生员们迅速投人行动。 When the bell for help rang, the lifeguards quickly . 15.这篇短文除了有几个拼写错误外，整体不错。 The passage is overall good, some spelling mistakes. 16.他拥有广泛的世界历史知识，能讲述许多关于不同国家的有趣的故事。 He has world history and can tell many interesting stories about different countries. 17.小华没有玩手机，而是认真完成了作业。 Xiaohua finished his homework carefully playing on his phone. 18.地震发生时，她以最快的速度帮助同学们撤离到安全地带。 When the earthquake happened, she helped her classmates move to the safety place . 19.新素材多亏了航天员，我们能够获得更多关于宇宙的知识。 the astronauts, we can get more knowledge about the universe. 20.如果计划出现问题，我们可以重新安排。 If the plan , we can rearrange it. 参考答案 一、1-5 temper; earthquake; flood; snowstorm; typhoon 6-10 wildfire; drought; warn; interview; trouble 11-15 report; supply; truck; neighbourhood; nearly 16-20 wave; soundly; power; thick; beat 21-25 chores; tornado; worst; refuse; knowledge 26-30 nearby; froth; thankfully; thinking; hero 31-35 schoolgirl; landslide; security; manpower; heartbeat 36-40 southwestern; rainstorm; usual; review; volunteer 41-45 alarm; rescue; Since; rainy; unlucky 46-50 thunder; heatwave; floodwater; safeguard; firefighter 二、1-5 relatives; neighbourhoods; possibly; reported; preparations 6-10 hid; waves; to warn; supplies; drought 11-15 was interviewing; roofs; troubles; waved; soundly 16-20 thickest; flooded; beat; heroes; Thankfully 21-25 worst; thinking; volunteers, to volunteer; schoolgirls; screaming 26-30 refused; guards; terribly; unlucky; thundered 31-35 reviewing; rainy; southwestern; firefighters; security; 36-40 alarms; rescued; safeguarded; Suddenly; was volunteering 三、1-5 of; in; while; from; off 6-10 with; by; of; for; At 11-15 off/from; when; before; into; During 16-19 of;As; Since; as, a 四、1.all of a sudden, went out/ off 2.out of breath 3.As a result 4.make preparations for 5.As soon as 6.take place 7.was doing chores 8.at the time of 9.lost his temper 10.got into an accident 11.raining cats and dogs 12.stored, for 13.make it to safety 14.jumped into action 15.except for 16.wide knowledge of/about 17.instead of 18.as fast as she could 19.Thanks to 20.goes wrong ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit5单词 1.temper /'tempə(r)/n.脾气；怒气v.使暖和；使温和 短语：lose one's temper发脾气；keep one's temper忍住脾气；不发火 temper sth. with sth.用......缓和...... 派生词：temperate/'tempərət/ adj.温和的；不极端的 temperamental/ˌtemprə'mentl/ adj.性情多变的；易怒的 2.earthquake /'ɜ:θkweɪk/ n.地震 短语：a strong earthquake强烈地震；earthquake area地震灾区 3.typhoon /taɪ'fu:n/ n.台风 短语：a strong typhoon强台风；typhoon warning台风预警； typhoon season台风季 4.wildfire /'waɪldfaɪə(r)/ n.野火 短语：forest wildfires森林野火；spread like wildfire迅速蔓延，不胫而走 5.snowstorm /'snəʊstɔ:m/ n.雪暴；暴风雪 短语：a heavy snowstorm强暴风雪；be caught in a snowstorm遭遇暴风雪 6.flood /flʌd/ n.水灾；洪水 v.泛滥；淹没 短语：natural flood自然洪水；heavy flood大洪水；in flood泛滥，涨水 派生词：flooded/'flʌdɪd/ adj.被淹没的；flooding/'flʌdɪŋ/ n.泛滥 7.drought /draʊt/ n.久旱；旱灾 短语：long/serious drought长期/严重的干旱；suffer from drought遭受干旱 8.warn /wɔ:n/ v.警告；提醒注意 短语：warn sb.(not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事 warn sb. of/about sth.警告/告诫某人某事 warn sb. against (doing) sth.告诫某人不要做某事 派生词：warning/ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n.警告，警示，预告adj.警告的，告诫的 短语：warning sign/message警示标志/信息；give a warning发出警告 9.do chores做家务 10.wave /weɪv/ n.波浪；波；挥手v.挥手；挥舞 短语：wave sb.in/out/over 挥手示意某人进来/出去/过来 wave at/to sb.向某人挥手；ride a wave of冲浪；the wave of浪潮 11.tsunami /tsu:'nɑ:mi/ n.海啸 短语：a massive tsunami巨大的海啸；tsunami warning海啸预警 12.interview /'ɪntəvju:/ n.采访；面试；面试v.采访；对(某人)进行面试 短语：have an interview参加面试；give an interview接受采访；interview sb.采访/面试某人 派生词：interviewee/ˌɪntəvjuːˈiː/ n.被面试面试，被采访者 interviewer/ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/ n.面试官，采访者 13.possibly /'pɒsəbli/ adv.可能；或许 派生词：impossibly adv.不可能地；impossible adj.不可能的；possible adj.可能的；possibility n.可能性 短语：as...as possible尽可能地; It's (im)possible for sb.to do sth.对某人而言做某事是(不)可能的 14.report /rɪ'pɔ:t/ n.& v.汇报；报道 短语：news report新闻报道；report card成绩单；give a report做报告 It is reported that... 据报道...... 派生词：reporter记者 15.neighbourhood /'neɪbəhʊd/ n.街区；临近的地方 短语：in the neighbourhood在附近；neighbourhood watch社区联防 16.roof /ru:f/ n.屋顶；顶部 复数roofs /ru:fs/ 短语：the roof of the house房顶;flat roof平顶屋顶;under one roof 在同一屋檐下 17.nearly /'nɪəli/ adv.几乎；差不多；将近 易混辨析：almost、nearly与hardly的用法区别 易混词 意义 用法 例句 almost 几乎；差不多 almost 可用于 no、none、nothing、never、nobody 等表示否定意义的词前。 He has almost nothing to do today. 他今天几乎无事可做。 nearly 几乎；差不多；将近 不可以用于以上否定词前，但可用 very、pretty、not 等词修饰。 It took me nearly two hours to get here. 到这里花了我将近两个小时。 hardly 几乎不；几乎没有 本身表否定，接近于 almost not。 It's so dark that I can hardly see anything. 天太黑了以至于我几乎看不见任何东西。 18.trouble /'trʌbl/ n.苦恼；困难 v.使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 短语：have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难；have trouble with sth.在某方面有问题；be in trouble处于困境，惹出麻烦；get into trouble陷入困境，遇到麻烦make trouble制造麻烦，惹是生非；trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事；trouble sb. with sth.因某事麻烦某人 19.relative /'relətɪv/ n.亲戚；亲属 派生词：relate v.与...有关；relation n.关系，亲戚；related adj.相关的、亲戚的 短语：close/distant relatives 近/远亲；relative to与......相比，关于，相对于； be related to 与......有关 20.truck /trʌk/ n.卡车 短语：a delivery truck送货卡车；a garbage truck垃圾车；drive a truck开卡车 21.supply /sə'plaɪ/ n.供应(量)；(pl. Supplies)补给(品) v.供应；供给 短语：supply sb.with sth.给某人提供某物；supply sth.to sb.把某物提供给某人； 22.preparation /ˌprepə'reɪʃn/ n.准备(工作)；预备 短语：make preparations for为......做准备 派生词：prepare/prɪ'peə(r)/ v.准备；prepared/prɪ'peəd/ adj.有准备的 短语：prepare for sth.为……做准备；prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做好准备；be prepared for为......做准备；prepare to do sth.准备做事 23.make preparations作准备 24.power /'paʊə(r)/ n.电力供应，能量，力量v. 驱动，给......提供动力 短语：electric power电力；power station发电站；have the power to do sth.有能力/权力做某事；power off 关机，断电；power on 开机，通电 派生词：powerful adj.力量大的，有影响力的，效果强的 be powerful enough to do sth.足够强大去做某事 25.soundly /'saʊndli/ adv.(睡觉)酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 短语：sleep soundly睡得很香；beat sb. soundly彻底击败某人 26.thick /θɪk/ adj.厚的；浓密的 派生词：thickness/'θɪknəs/ n.厚度 短语：thick hair浓密的头发；thick soup/fog浓汤/雾；a thick book一本厚书 the thickness of sth.某物的厚度/浓度 27.beat /bi:t/ v. (beat, beaten /'bi:tn/) 敲；打；打败 n.跳动；敲击；节奏 易混辨析：beat与win的用法区别 易混词 意义及用法 beat (beat, beaten) 意为“击败；战胜”，后面一般接对手作宾语 win (won, won) 意为“庥得”，后面一般接比赛、奖品或奖项作宾语 28.hide /haɪd/ v. (hid /hɪd/, hidden /'hɪdn/) 躲藏；隐蔽 短语：hide from sb.躲避某人，瞒着某人；hide sth. (from sb.)向某人隐瞒某事 hide in/under/behind +地点 藏在...里/下/后面；hide oneself躲藏起来 29.tornado /tɔ:'neɪdəʊ/ n.龙卷风；旋风 复数：tornadoes(也可写 tornados，考试优先写tornadoes) 短语：a strong tornado 强龙卷风；be hit by a tornado 遭遇龙卷风 30.worst /wɜ:st/ adj. & adv.最坏(的)；最糟(的) 短语：make the worst of对......作最坏打算 31.schoolgirl /'sku:lɡɜ:l/ n.(学校的)女生 32.froth /frɒθ/ n.泡；泡沫 短语：froth on the milk 牛奶上的泡沫；froth up起泡，泛起泡沫 33.refuse /rɪ'fju:z/ v.拒绝；退却 短语：refuse sth.拒绝某物；refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 34.security /sɪ'kjʊərəti/ n.安全；保安；保障 短语：sense of security安全感；security check安检；public security 公共安全 派生词：secure/sɪ'kjʊə(r)/ adj.安全的；稳固的 securely/sɪ'kjʊəli/ adv.安全地；牢固地 易混辨析：safety和security safety侧重：人身、环境无危险、无伤害（日常安全） security侧重：有防护、有安保，防范威胁 / 危险（强调保护措施） 35.guard /ɡɑ:d/ n.卫兵；保卫 v.保卫 短语：on guard警惕，站岗，防备；keep guard守卫，警戒；stand guard站岗 guard against... 防范；预防；提防 36.security guard保安人员 37.nearby /ˌnɪə'baɪ/ adj.附近的adv.在附近 易混辨析：nearby /near nearby：多作adj./adv.，强调“位置近” near：可作 prep./adj./adv.，后面可直接接地点 near the school在学校附近，不说nearby the school 38.scream /skri:m/ v.尖叫 短语：scream in fear/pain因害怕/疼痛尖叫；scream at sb.对某人尖叫 a scream of terror 惊恐的尖叫；let out a scream 发出一声尖叫 39.thankfully /'θæŋkfəli/ adv.幸亏；感激地 同义词：gratefully 短语：be thankful to sb.对某人心存感激；be thankful for sth.因某事/某物感激；be thankful to do sth.庆幸能做某事；感激能做某事 40.knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n.知识；学问 短语：have a good knowledge of...精通...，对...很熟悉；gain/get knowledge获得知识；enrich one's knowledge丰富某人的知识；to one's knowledge 据某人所知 knowledge of/about... ......方面的知识 派生词：knowledgeable/ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl/ adj.博学的；有见识的 41.thinking /'θɪŋkɪŋ/ n.思考；想法 短语：deep thinking深思；way of thinking思维方式 42.except for除......之外 易混辨析：except、except for、besides 与 but 词汇 用法 例句 except 意为“除......之外”，该介词的宾语不包含在内。 They work every day except Sundays.他们除星期天外每天都工作。 except for 意为“除......之外”，在句子开头，须用 except for 接名词，不可只用 except。 Except for a man walking his dog, the park was empty.除了有个男人在遛狗，公园里空无一人。 besides 意为“除......之外（还）”，该介词的宾语包含在内。 We all attended the meeting besides Mike.除迈克外，我们也出席了会议。 but 意为“除......以外；只有”，尤用于nothing, all, any, anyone, everything或everyone 等词之后。 There is nothing but trees for miles.绵延数英里，除了树木别无他物。 43.as soon as一......就...... 用法：引导时间状语从句。如果主句用一般将来时、主句含情态动词或主句为祈使句，从句应用一般现在时。We will have a wonderful summer vacation as soon as junior high school is over.初中一结束，我们将会迎来一个美好的暑假。You can go as soon as he comes.他来了你可以走了。 44.hero /'hɪərəʊ/ n.(pl. heroes)英雄；男主角；偶像 短语：a national hero民族英雄；a hero of ... ......的英雄 45.landslide /'lændslaɪd/ n.(山坡或悬崖的)滑坡；塌方 短语：cause a landslide引发山体滑坡；after the landslide滑坡发生后 46.safeguard /'seɪfɡɑ:d/ v.保护；捍卫n.安全设施 短语：safeguard one's safety保障某人的安全；safeguard the environment保护环境 a safeguard against... 防范......的措施 47.floodwater /'flʌdwɔ:tə(r)/ n.洪水 短语：rising floodwater上涨的洪水；floodwater level洪水水位；be covered with floodwater被洪水淹没 48.manpower /'mænpaʊə(r)/ n.劳动力；人力 短语：save manpower 节省人力；need more manpower 需要更多人手 49.heartbeat /'hɑ:tbi:t/ n.心跳（声） 短语：fast/rapid/slow heartbeat 心跳过快/缓慢；feel one's heartbeat 感觉到心跳 50.rescue /'reskju:/ n.救援；援救；营救 短语：rescue sb. from sth./sb.从某物/某人手中营救某人；carry out a rescue开展营救，实施救援；come to one's rescue前来营救某人，帮某人解围 派生词：rescuer n.救援者 51.heatwave /'hi:tweɪv/ n.热浪 短语：during the heatwave在热浪期间；suffer from the heatwave遭受热浪侵袭 52.since /sɪns/ prep., adv. & conj.自…… 以后；从…… 以来 conj.既然；由于 易混辨析：since, because, as与for表原因时的用法区别 易混词 用法及例句 since 引导的原因状语从句一般位千主句前，表示双方都已知的、显然的理由，用法比较正式，语气比because弱。Since everyone is here, let's start our class.既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始上课吧。 because 表示直接原因，语气最强，常用于回答why开头的特殊疑问句。because 从句可位于主句前或主句后。He didn't come to school, because he was ill.他没来上学，因为他生病了。 as 引导原因状语从句时，表示附带说明的双方已知的原因，含有对比说明的意味，语气比since弱，较为正式，从句的位置较为灵活，但常放在主句前。As Liu Na is not ready, we go without her.因为刘娜(音译)没准备好，我们不带她去。 for 连接并列分句，表示原因，但并不指某行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明。for引导的并列分句只放在后面，常用逗号与前半部分隔开。The days are short, for it is December now.白天短了，因为现在是十二月份了。 53.southwestern /ˌsaʊθ'westən/ adj.西南的；西南方的 短语：in the southwest of... 在......的西南部；southwest China中国西南地区 54.firefighter /'faɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n.消防队员 55.volunteer /ˌvɒlən'tɪə(r)/ n.志愿者；自告奋勇者v.自愿做；义务做 短语：volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事；volunteer for sth.自愿参与某事 a volunteer worker志愿者； 56.terribly /'terəbli/ adv.非常糟地；非常 派生词：terrible adj.糟糕的，可怕的；terror n.恐惧；terrify v.使恐惧 短语：terribly sorry非常抱歉；a terribly ill病得很重；a sense of terror恐惧感； fill sb. with terror使某人充满恐惧；terrify sb. into doing sth.吓得某人做某事； be terrified of sth./doing sth.害怕某物/做某事；be terrible at sth.不擅长某事 57.alarm /ə'lɑ:m/ n.警报（器）；惊恐 派生词：alarmed adj.惊恐的；alarming adj.令人惊恐的 短语：sound the alarm发出警报；in alarm惊恐地；set off an alarm触发警报 be alarmed at/about 对......感到惊恐/担忧 58.alarm clock闹钟 59.wake up醒来 60.go off (警报器等)突然发出巨响 go off还可意为“爆炸；(食物)变坏”。 含有go 的其他常见短语： go away走开；消失 go by（时间）过去 go back 回去；追溯到 go over重复；仔细检查 go up上升 go down下降；(飞机)坠落 61.review /rɪ'vju:/ v.复习；回顾；复查n.回顾；审查 短语：review sth. for sth. 为……而复习某物；review doing sth. 回顾/复习做过的事；review sth. with sb. 和某人一起复习某物 62.sudden /'sʌdn/ adj.突然的；骤然的 短语：all of a sudden突然，猛地；a sudden change突然的变化 派生词：suddenly adv.突然地；出乎意料地；猛地 63.all of a sudden突然；猛地 64.thunder /'θʌndə(r)/ n.雷声v.打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 短语：thunder and lightning雷电；hear thunder听见雷声 65.by the time到......的时候 66.usual /'ju:ʒuəl/ adj.通常的；寻常的 短语：as usual“像往常一样”;“比较级+than usual”“比往常......” 派生词：unusual adj.不寻常的；usually adv.通常地 67.out of breath上气不接下气 68.rainstorm /'reɪnstɔ:m/ n.暴风雨 69.Tilly /'tɪli/ 蒂莉(人名) 70.Phuket /pu:'ket/ 普吉岛 71.Indonesia /ˌɪndə'ni:ʒə/ 印度尼西亚 72.Japan /dʒə'pæn/ 日本 补充： 1.disaster/dɪ'za:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾祸 短语：natural disasters自然灾害face a disaster面对灾难cause/lead to a disaster引发灾难 派生词：disastrous/dɪ'zɑ:strəs/ adj.灾难性的；极糟的 易混辨折：disaster vs.accident disaster：侧重“大规模灾难”，伤亡/损失大(自然/人为均可) accident：侧重“个人层面的意外事故”，规模小、损失轻(如车祸、摔倒) 2.affect/ə'fekt/ v.影响；打动；使感动 短语：affect sb./sth.影响/打动某人/某物 be affected by sth./sb.受......影响/被......打动 派生词：affection/ə'fekʃn/ n.喜爱，关爱，感情；affective/ə'fektɪv/ adj.情感的，表达情感的；affected/ə'fektɪd/ adj.受影响的，假装的，做作的 3.effect/ɪ'fekt/ n.影响；效果 短语：have an effect on sb./sth.对某人/某物有影响；side effect副作用；take effect生效，起作用；in effect实际上，事实上；put/bring sth. into effect实施，使生效 派生词：effective/ɪ'fektɪv/ adj.有效的，起作用的 4.wild/waɪld/ adj.野生的，疯狂的，荒芜的 短语：in the wild在野外；be wild about sb./sth.对......极为狂热；be wild to do sth.渴望做某事 派生词：wildness/'waɪldnəs/ n.野性，荒芜，狂热 5.storm/stɔ:m/ n.暴风雨 短语：in a storm在暴风雨中；be caught in a storm遭遇暴风雨 6.awful/'ɔ:fl/ adj.极坏的，可怕的，极大的 短语：be awful at (doing) sth.不擅长(做)事；be awful for sth./sb.对......有害/......来说很糟糕 7.emergency& urgent 辨析 emergency：作名词表“紧急事件”；作形容词仅作定语(修饰与紧急事件相关的事物，如supplies/exit). urgent：仅作形容词，可作定语(如urgent work 紧急工作)或表语(如The work is urgent.这项工作很紧急)，侧重“事情需要马上做”。 8.save v.节约、拯救、储存 派生词：saving n.节约、存款；safe adj.安全的 短语：save sb. from sth.从......中拯救某人；save money for sth.为某事存钱； save/lose one's life拯救/失去某人的生命 9.continue v.继续 派生词：continuous adj.连续的 短语：continue to do sth.继续做另一件事；continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事 10.strange adj.奇怪的；陌生的 派生词：strangely adv.奇怪地，陌生地；stranger n.陌生人 11.death 作“死亡人数”讲时是可数名词，故用复数deaths；若表“死亡状态”则为不可数。 12.thanks for 与thanks to 辨析 thanks for：核心表“因......而感谢”，侧重“感谢的具体原因” thanks to：核心表“多亏/幸亏......”，侧重“借助某人/某物，才达成某结果” 13.avoid v.避免 派生词：avoidance n.避免；avoidable adj.可避免的 短语：avoid doing sth.避免做某事；avoid from从......中避开； the avoidance of sth.避免...... ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit5句式语法+练习 句式(sentences) 一、when与while引导的时间状语从句 教材原句： ①We were driving home from our relatives' house when the strong winds started.当开始刮大风时，我们正从亲戚家开车回家。 ②It was raining hard while we were driving back.我们开车回去的时候，雨下得很大。 句式结构： when和while都可引导时间状语从句，一般情况下可互换。 联想拓展：when与while的区别 ①when引导的时间状语从句既可指时间点，也可指时间段；while引导的时间状语从句只指时间段。 ②在含有when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主从句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；含有while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句则强调主从句动作同时发生，或主句的动作在从句的动作发生过程中发生。 ●He was nine when he went abroad.他出国的时候9岁。 ●They arrived while we were having dinner.我们正在吃晚饭时，他们来了。 Note：while引导的时间状语从句与主句都用过去进行时时，表示过去某时两个动作同时在进行。 二、''too... to...''结构 教材原句： ●The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!风太大了，我没法打伞！ 句式结构： "too+形容词/副词原级+to..."结构在大多数情况下表示否定意义，通常意为："太......而不能......；太......无法......"。 ●As a child, he's too young to work for money.作为一个孩子，他太小而不能工作赚钱。(浙江金华中考真题) ●We went too late to catch the train.我们去得太迟了，没能赶上那趟火车。 联想拓展： ①"too...to..."结构可与"so... that..."结构进行互换，此时that后的句子需用否定形式。 ●The article is too difficult for me to understand.=The article is so difficult that I can't understand it.这篇文章太难了，我看不懂。 ②"too...to..."结构也可与"not... enough to..."结构进行互换，转换时应注意too后的形容词或副词和enough前的形容词或副词互为反义词。 ●The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy isn't old enough to go to school.这个男孩太小了，不能上学。 语法(grammar)----过去进行时 教材原句： ①What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?下大雪时你在做什么？ ②I was travelling on the train then.我当时正在坐火车旅行。 1.概念 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外，一般用时间状语来表示。 2.常用时间状语 at that time、this time yesterday、at ten o'clock last night、when/while/as引导的过去时间状语从句等。 3.基本结构 was/were +动词-ing形式(主语为第一/三人称单数用was，复数用were) 4.基本句式 肯定句 主语+ was/were +动词-ing形式(+其他). ●I was working at that time.我那个时候正在工作。 否定句 主语+ wasn't/weren't +动词- ing形式(+其他). ●They were not eating when the teacher came in.老师进来时，他们没在吃东西。 一般疑问句及回答 —Was/Were +主语+动词-ing形式(+其他)?—Yes,主语+ was/were.(肯定)—No,主语+ wasn't/weren't.(否定) ●—Were you reading? 你在读书吗？—Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的，我在。/不，我没在。 特殊疑问句(一般情况) 特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语+动词- ing形式(+其他)? ●What was he doing at ten o'clock last night?他昨晚10点钟在干什么？ 练习： 一、用when或while填空 1. Susan was ten, she could play the guitar. 2.The girl was making her way to school it started to rain hard. 3.You can't watch TV you're doing your homework. 4.It was already nine o'clock the man woke up this morning. 5.Mr Brown always remembers to wear comfortable shoes he goes hiking. 6. Ann was talking with her classmates, the English teacher came in. 7.At 6:30 this morning, Tina was washing her face her grandma was cooking breakfast. 二、单项选择 ( )1. (2025 北京)Mary_______a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A.draws B. was drawing C. is drawing D. will draw ( )2.(2025 武威)--Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken.What happened? --Sorry, dear. I don't know. I_______in the kitchen then. A.cook B. was cooking C. have cooked D. will cook ( )3. (2025 龙东) When Li Lei came into the room, his friends_______for his birthday party. A. prepared B. are preparing C. were preparing D. will prepare ( )4.--I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in. --Sorry, I_______with Lily in the meeting room at that time. A. am talking B. was talking C.talk D.talked ( )5. I didn't hear the knock on the door just now because I_______an exciting football match. A. watched B. have watched C. will watch D. was watching 三、请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1. At that time yesterday, he___________(play)the piano. 2.[2025北京期中]Jack___________(read) at the library when the accident happened to Jack's father. 3.[2025甘肃兰州期末]While the man___________(run) back home, he saw a dog by the side of the road. 4.[2025重庆江北区期中]I___________(walk)home on the street when the rainstorm came. 5.I was doing my homework in my room, while my brothers___________(watch) TV in the living room. 四、按要求完成句子 1.We were exercising when it began to rain heavily.(对画线分提问) ________ ________you________when it began to rain heavily? 2.While the birds were singing, the cat was sleeping.(改为否定句) While the birds________ ________, the cat________sleeping. 3.He prepares for the final exam seriously. (用at 5:00 yesterday改写句子) He________ ________ ________the final exam seriously at 5:00 yesterday. 4.phone，the，shower, he, when, was, a, rang, taking (.)(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 5. It was raining when the plane landed. (为同义句) ________it________ ________, the plane landed. 五、运用目前所学语法，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式 It was a Saturday afternoon. Mr Green__________(read) a newspaper. Suddenly, he__________(hear) his wife shouting in the next room. He 3.___________(run) to her and asked, "What happened 4.___________you, my dear?" "Oh, dear!" his wife cried out. "My head hurts! Send for a doctor.Hurry up!" But something 5._______(be) wrong with the telephone. Mr Green had to go to hospital himself. Bad luck! All the hospitals in the town6.___________(close) that day. Mr Green didn't know where 7.___________(go). Just then his friend, Mr Brown, saw him and asked, "What is the matter?" Mr Green told him everything. The man said, "Why not turn to Mr Black? He could help you." Mr Green hurried to Mr Black's. When he got there, Mr and Mrs Black 8.___________(have) their dinner. Mr Black asked Mr Green 9.___________(chat) with him. Mr Green was happy and sat at the table. And when Mr Black asked,"How is your wife?" "She is fine. Thanks ..." Mr Green stopped at once --he remembered that his wife 10.___________(wait) for a doctor at home. He asked Mr Black for help and they went home in a hurry ... 一、1.When 2.when 3.when/while 4.when 5.when 6.While/When 7.while 二、1-5 BBCBD 三、1-5.was playing; 2.was reading; 3.was running; 4.was walking; 5.were watching 四、1. What were;doing 2. weren't singing; wasn't 3. was preparing for 4. He was taking a shower when the phone rang./The phone rang when he was taking a shower. 5. While/When;was raining 五、1. was reading 2. heard 3.ran 4.to 5.was 6.closed 7.to go 8. were having 9.to chat 10. was waiting ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Temper, temper, earthquake, earthquake, typhoon, typhoon, wildfire, wildfire, snowstorm, snowstorm, flood, flood, drought, drought, warn, warn, do chores, due chores, wave, wave, tatami tanami, interview, interview, possibly, possibly, report, report. Neighborhood, neighborhood, roof, roof, nearly, nearly, trouble, trouble, relative, relative, truck, truck, supply, supply, preparation, preparation, make preparations, make preparations. Power tower, sadly, soundly, 费，sick. Beat, beat, hide, hide. Tornado, tornado. Worse, worst. Schoolgirl, schoolgirl, froth, truth, refuse, refuse. Security, security, guard, guard, security guard, security guard. Nearby, nearby. Screen, scream. Thankfully, thankfully. Knowledge, knowledge, thinking, thinking. Except for, except for as soon as, as soon as hero hero, landslide, safeguard, floodwater, floodwall, manpower, manpower, heartbeat, heartbeat, rescue, rescue, heat wave, heat wave, since since southwestern, southwestern, firefighter firefighter, volunteer volunteer, terribly, terribly balloon alarm, alarm clock, alarm clock, wake up, wake up, go off, go off, review, review, sudden, sudden, all of a sudden, all of the some thunder, thunder, by the time, by the time. Usual, usual. 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