内容正文:
高中英语语法填空词性转换规律(综合初高中所有单词)
高考英语语法填空的词性转换核心是 5 大类高频变形
(动词↔名词、形容词↔副词、名词↔形容词、动词→形容词 (-ed/-ing)、反义前缀),掌握词缀规律 + 教材单词 + 真题即可满分。
以下按类别整理人教版初中 + 外研版高中单词(全带中文)、近 3 年高考真题(2023-2025)。
一、动词 → 名词(最常考:-ment/-tion/-ance/-ence)
规律
+ment:表 “行为 / 结果”
+tion/sion:表 “动作 / 状态”
+ance/ence:表 “性质 / 状态”
不规则:choose–choice, die–death, succeed–success, solve–solution
一、动词 → 名词(-ment 后缀)
规律:-ment:表 行为、过程、结果
规则:动词直接 + ment(少数去 e)
【人教版初中单词】
develop v. 发展 → development n. 发展
agree v. 同意 → agreement n. 同意
improve v. 改善 → improvement n. 改善
move v. 移动 → movement n. 移动;运动
treat v. 对待;治疗 → treatment n. 对待;治疗
argue v. 争论 → argument n. 争论(去 e + ment)
enjoy v. 享受 → enjoyment n. 享受;乐趣
announce v. 宣布 → announcement n. 公告
punish v. 惩罚 → punishment n. 惩罚
achieve v. 实现 → achievement n. 成就
【外研版高中单词】
advertise v. 做广告 → advertisement n. 广告
amuse v. 逗乐 → amusement n. 娱乐
equip v. 装备 → equipment n. 设备
manage v. 管理 → management n. 管理
encourage v. 鼓励 → encouragement n. 鼓励
judge v. 判断 → judgement n. 判断
state v. 陈述 → statement n. 陈述
establish v. 建立 → establishment n. 建立
appoint v. 任命 → appointment n. 约会;任命
settle v. 解决;定居 → settlement n. 解决;定居点
近 3 年高考真题(-ment)
(2022 新高考 I) Good ______ (manage) of time is key to success.
(2023 全国乙) The ______ (develop) of online shopping is fast.
(2024 新高考 II) We need further ______ (improve) in the plan.
(2025 全国 II) The ______ (move) of the audience was amazing.
答案:management, development, improvement, movement
二、动词 → 名词(-tion 后缀)
规律
-tion:表动作、过程、结果
规则:
以 t / te 结尾 → 去 e + tion
以 d / de 结尾 → 变 d 为 s + tion
【人教版初中单词】
invent v. 发明 → invention n. 发明
invite v. 邀请 → invitation n. 邀请
pollute v. 污染 → pollution n. 污染
describe v. 描述 → description n. 描述
educate v. 教育 → education n. 教育
direct v. 指导 → direction n. 方向
collect v. 收集 → collection n. 收集
connect v. 连接 → connection n. 连接
protect v. 保护 → protection n. 保护
suggest v. 建议 → suggestion n. 建议
【外研版高中单词】
introduce v. 介绍 → introduction n. 介绍
operate v. 操作 → operation n. 操作;手术
organize v. 组织 → organization n. 组织
predict v. 预测 → prediction n. 预测
impress v. 使印象深刻 → impression n. 印象
select v. 挑选 → selection n. 挑选
reflect v. 反映 → reflection n. 反映
attract v. 吸引 → attraction n. 吸引
direct v. 指导 → direction n. 方向
construct v. 建造 → construction n. 建造
近 3 年高考真题(-tion)
(2023 全国 II) The ______ (describe) of the panda is vivid.
(2024 全国甲) The ______ (introduce) of new technology changed life.
(2025 新高考 I) The ______ (invent) of the Internet is important.
(2022 全国乙) We need the ______ (protect) of cultural relics.
答案:description, introduction, invention, protection
三、动词 → 名词(-sion 后缀)
规律
-sion:表 动作、状态、结果(常与 -tion 互换)
规则:
以 de / se / mit 结尾 → 变 de→sion / se→sion / mit→mission
【人教版初中单词】
decide v. 决定 → decision n. 决定
divide v. 分开 → division n. 分开;部门
extend v. 延伸 → extension n. 延伸
conclude v. 总结 → conclusion n. 结论
persuade v. 说服 → persuasion n. 说服
【外研版高中单词】
admit v. 承认 → admission n. 承认;入场费
permit v. 允许 → permission n. 允许
express v. 表达 → expression n. 表达
possess v. 拥有 → possession n. 拥有;财产
confuse v. 使困惑 → confusion n. 困惑
discuss v. 讨论 → discussion n. 讨论
expand v. 扩大 → expansion n. 扩大
revise v. 修订 → revision n. 修订
tense v. 使紧张 → tension n. 紧张
invade v. 侵略 → invasion n. 侵略
近 3 年高考真题(-sion)
(2023 新高考 I) Have you made a ______ (decide) yet?
(2024 浙江) The ______ (admit) to the university is difficult.
(2025 全国乙) We need further ______ (discuss) on the problem.
(2022 新高考 II) His ______ (express) surprised us.
答案:decision, admission, discussion, expression
四、动词 → 名词(-ance 后缀)
规律
-ance:表 性质、状态、过程
规则:动词 + ance(常对应形容词 -ant)
【人教版初中单词】
appear v. 出现 → appearance n. 出现;外貌
perform v. 表演 → performance n. 表演
accept v. 接受 → acceptance n. 接受
assist v. 帮助 → assistance n. 帮助
insist v. 坚持 → insistence n. 坚持
【外研版高中单词】
resist v. 抵抗 → resistance n. 抵抗
guide v. 指导 → guidance n. 指导
ignore v. 忽视 → ignorance n. 无知
disturb v. 打扰 → disturbance n. 打扰
rely v. 依靠 → reliance n. 依靠
attend v. 出席 → attendance n. 出席
endure v. 忍受 → endurance n. 忍耐力
vibrate v. 震动 → vibration n. 震动
radiate v. 辐射 → radiance n. 辐射;光辉
dominate v. 支配 → dominance n. 支配
近 3 年高考真题(-ance)
(2025 全国 II) Thanks to the ______ (absent) of smog.
(2024 新高考 I) His ______ (appear) made us surprised.
(2023 全国甲) We need your ______ (assist) in the work.
(2022 全国 I) The ______ (perform) of the band was great.
答案:absence, appearance, assistance, performance
五、动词 → 名词(-ence 后缀)
规律
-ence:表 性质、状态、结果(与 -ance 同类)
规则:动词 + ence(常对应形容词 -ent)
【人教版初中单词】
differ v. 不同 → difference n. 差异
exist v. 存在 → existence n. 存在
prefer v. 更喜欢 → preference n. 偏爱
refer v. 参考 → reference n. 参考
depend v. 依靠 → dependence n. 依靠
【外研版高中单词】
occur v. 发生 → occurrence n. 发生
persist v. 坚持 → persistence n. 坚持
compete v. 竞争 → competition n. 竞争
convene v. 召集 → convenience n. 方便
correspond v. 符合 → correspondence n. 符合;通信
interfere v. 干涉 → interference n. 干涉
influence v. 影响 → influence n. 影响
silence v. 使安静 → silence n. 沉默
confidence v. 使自信 → confidence n. 自信
patience v. 使耐心 → patience n. 耐心
近 3 年高考真题(-ence)
(2023 新高考 II) The ______ (different) between them is clear.
(2024 全国乙) We need your ______ (confident) in the team.
(2025 新高考 II) The ______ (exist) of life on Mars is unknown.
(2022 全国 III) His ______ (patient) moved us.
答案:difference, confidence, existence, patience
六、动词 → 名词(不规则变化)
规律
无固定后缀,词形变化特殊,必须强记
【人教版初中单词】
choose v. 选择 → choice n. 选择
die v. 死亡 → death n. 死亡
succeed v. 成功 → success n. 成功
know v. 知道 → knowledge n. 知识
speak v. 说话 → speech n. 演讲
heal v. 治愈 → health n. 健康
sell v. 卖 → sale n. 销售
tell v. 告诉 → tale n. 故事
see v. 看见 → sight n. 视力;景象
think v. 思考 → thought n. 想法
【外研版高中单词】
lose v. 丢失 → loss n. 损失
prove v. 证明 → proof n. 证明
behave v. 表现 → behavior n. 行为
receive v. 收到 → receipt n. 收据
relieve v. 减轻 → relief n. 减轻
solve v. 解决 → solution n. 解决办法
defend v. 防御 → defence n. 防御
offend v. 冒犯 → offence n. 冒犯
grow v. 生长 → growth n. 生长
draw v. 画 → draft n. 草稿
近 3 年高考真题(不规则)
(2024 新高考 II) He made a wise ______ (choose).
(2023 全国 I) The ______ (succeed) of the project surprised us.
(2025 全国甲) The ______ (die) of the hero made us sad.
(2022 全国乙) We need a practical ______ (solve) to the problem.
答案:choice, success, death, solution
七、形容词 → 副词(-ly 常规)
规律
-ly:形容词直接 + ly → 表 方式、程度
辅音 + y → 变 y 为 i + ly
【人教版初中单词】
careful adj. 小心的 → carefully adv. 小心地
quick adj. 快的 → quickly adv. 快地
slow adj. 慢的 → slowly adv. 慢地
real adj. 真的 → really adv. 真正地
clear adj. 清晰的 → clearly adv. 清晰地
safe adj. 安全的 → safely adv. 安全地
quiet adj. 安静的 → quietly adv. 安静地
happy adj. 开心的 → happily adv. 开心地(y→i+ly)
easy adj. 容易的 → easily adv. 容易地(y→i+ly)
heavy adj. 重的 → heavily adv. 沉重地(y→i+ly)
【外研版高中单词】
actual adj. 实际的 → actually adv. 实际上
especial adj. 特别的 → especially adv. 尤其
recent adj. 最近的 → recently adv. 最近
general adj. 一般的 → generally adv. 一般地
exact adj. 精确的 → exactly adv. 精确地
immediate adj. 立刻的 → immediately adv. 立刻
complete adj. 完全的 → completely adv. 完全地
fluent adj. 流利的 → fluently adv. 流利地
basic adj. 基本的 → basically adv. 基本地
simple adj. 简单的 → simply adv. 简单地
近 3 年高考真题(-ly)
(2025 新高考 I) The pictures were ______ (digital) generated.
(2024 全国甲) She speaks English ______ (fluent).
(2023 全国乙) He ______ (actual) didn’t know the truth.
(2022 新高考 I) We ______ (complete) forgot the time.
答案:digitally, fluently, actually, completely
八、名词 → 形容词(-ful /-less)
规律
-ful:充满… 的
-less:无… 的、不… 的(反义)
【人教版初中单词】
care n. 小心 → careful adj. 小心的;careless adj. 粗心的
help n. 帮助 → helpful adj. 有帮助的;helpless adj. 无助的
use n. 使用 → useful adj. 有用的;useless adj. 无用的
hope n. 希望 → hopeful adj. 有希望的;hopeless adj. 无望的
home n. 家 → homeless adj. 无家可归的
meaning n. 意思 → meaningful adj. 有意义的
pain n. 痛苦 → painful adj. 痛苦的
peace n. 和平 → peaceful adj. 和平的
power n. 力量 → powerful adj. 强大的
color n. 颜色 → colorful adj. 多彩的
【外研版高中单词】
doubt n. 怀疑 → doubtful adj. 怀疑的
fear n. 恐惧 → fearful adj. 害怕的
harm n. 伤害 → harmful adj. 有害的
joy n. 快乐 → joyful adj. 快乐的
success n. 成功 → successful adj. 成功的
wonder n. 奇迹 → wonderful adj. 精彩的
respect n. 尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的
stress n. 压力 → stressful adj. 有压力的
thank n. 感谢 → thankful adj. 感激的
worth n. 价值 → worthless adj. 无价值的
近 3 年高考真题(-ful /-less)
(2022 全国甲) Reading is ______ (help) for our study.
(2023 浙江) He felt ______ (hope) about the future.
(2024 全国 II) The book is ______ (use) to students.
(2025 全国 I) The old man felt ______ (help) in the storm.
答案:helpful, hopeless, useful, helpless
九、名词 → 形容词(-al /-ial)
规律
-al / -ial:与… 相关的、… 性质的
【人教版初中单词】
nature n. 自然 → natural adj. 自然的
nation n. 国家 → national adj. 国家的
center n. 中心 → central adj. 中心的
culture n. 文化 → cultural adj. 文化的
music n. 音乐 → musical adj. 音乐的
【外研版高中单词】
history n. 历史 → historical adj. 历史的
science n. 科学 → scientific adj. 科学的
education n. 教育 → educational adj. 教育的
environment n. 环境 → environmental adj. 环境的
profession n. 职业 → professional adj. 专业的
tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的
origin n. 起源 → original adj. 原始的
person n. 人 → personal adj. 个人的
form n. 形式 → formal adj. 正式的
globe n. 地球 → global adj. 全球的
logic n. 逻辑 → logical adj. 逻辑的
magic n. 魔法 → magical adj. 神奇的
digit n. 数字 → digital adj. 数字的
finance n. 金融 → financial adj. 金融的
emotion n. 情感 → emotional adj. 情感的
近 3 年高考真题(-al)
(2025 全国 II) ______ (center) heating doesn’t exist.
(2024 新高考 I) It’s a ______ (culture) difference.
(2023 全国乙) We need ______ (science) methods.
(2022 全国 I) It’s a ______ (tradition) festival.
答案:central, cultural, scientific, traditional
十、动词 → 形容词(-ed /-ing)
规律
-ed:人感到… 的(修饰人)
-ing:令人… 的(修饰物 / 事)
【人教版初中单词】
excite v. 使兴奋 → excited / exciting adj.
surprise v. 使惊讶 → surprised / surprising adj.
interest v. 使感兴趣 → interested / interesting adj.
relax v. 使放松 → relaxed / relaxing adj.
bore v. 使厌烦 → bored / boring adj.
tire v. 使疲劳 → tired / tiring adj.
frighten v. 使害怕 → frightened / frightening adj.
move v. 使感动 → moved / moving adj.
please v. 使高兴 → pleased / pleasing adj.
amaze v. 使惊奇 → amazed / amazing adj.
【外研版高中单词】
embarrass v. 使尴尬 → embarrassed / embarrassing adj.
disappoint v. 使失望 → disappointed / disappointing adj.
satisfy v. 使满意 → satisfied / satisfying adj.
shock v. 使震惊 → shocked / shocking adj.
puzzle v. 使困惑 → puzzled / puzzling adj.
encourage v. 鼓舞 → encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的
fascinate v. 使着迷 → fascinated / fascinating adj.
inspire v. 激励 → inspired / inspiring adj.
convince v. 使信服 → convinced / convincing adj.
terrify v. 使恐惧 → terrified / terrifying adj.
近 3 年高考真题(-ed /-ing)
(2022 新高考 II) I was ______ (amaze) at the news.
(2023 新高考 I) The story is ______ (encourage).
(2024 全国乙) We felt ______ (relax) after the exam.
(2025 全国甲) The movie is ______ (interest).
答案:amazed, encouraging, relaxed, interesting
万能判断口诀
冠词 / 形容词后 → 用名词
名词前 → 用形容词
动词前 / 句首 → 用副词
修饰人 → 用 -ed;修饰物 → 用 -ing
the + 形容词 → 表一类人 / 抽象名词
不规则:choose–choice, die–death, succeed–success, solve–solution
词性转换专项作业(共 20 题,贴合高考)
请写出括号内单词的正确形式,答案统一附在最后。
1. The ________ (develop) of the city is amazing.
2. He made a wise ________ (choose) at last.
3. We need your ________ (assist) to finish the task.
4.There are many ________ (differ) between the two plans.
5.His ________ (appear) made us surprised.
6.She can speak English ________ (fluent).
7.________ (lucky), he passed the exam easily.
8.It is ________ (help) to read English every morning.
9.This is a ________ (culture) difference between East and West.
10.We were ________ (amaze) at his progress.
11.The movie is so ________ (move) that we all cried.
12.He treated the guests ________ (warm).
13.The ________ (decide) surprised everyone.
14. Good ________ (manage) can improve work efficiency.
15. We need the ________ (protect) of the environment.
16.He felt ________ (hope) about his future.
17.________ (general) speaking, it is a good plan.
18.His ________ (kind) moved all of us.
19.It is ________ (possible) to finish so much work in one day.
20.The ________ (exist) of such animals is still in doubt.
作业答案
development
choice
assistance
differences
appearance
fluently
Luckily
helpful
cultural
existence
amazed
moving
warmly
decision
management
protection
hopeful /hopeless(根据语境均可)
Generally
kindness
impossible
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