专题4 语法填空(课件PPT)-【零起点考大学】2026年高考英语高效备考方案

零起点考大学 英 语 1 02 第二部分 题型专题 专题四 语法填空 2 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 有提示词 无提示词 词数 谓语动词 非谓语 词性转换 比较等级 名词 代词 数词 从句 并列连词 冠词 介词 2025 全国 一卷 说明文：人与社会 （围棋主题艺术展） 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 239 全国 二卷 记叙文：人与自然 （乡村生活经历和感受） 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 226 新高考 语法填空的考点分析 3 新高考 语法填空的考点分析 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 有提示词 无提示词 词数 谓语动词 非谓语 词性转换 比较等级 名词 代词 数词 从句 并列连词 冠词 介词 2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文：人与社会（英国丝路花眼） 1 2 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 238 新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文：人与社会（莎士比亚和汤显祖） 2 3 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 208 2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文：人与社会（中国传统美食：小笼包） 0 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 191 新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文：人与社会（教熊猫饲养员学英语） 1 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 206 4 年份 卷名 文章体裁及主题 有提示词 无提示词 词数 谓语动词 非谓语 词性转换 比较等级 名词 代词 数词 从句 并列连词 冠词 介词 2022 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文：人与自然（大熊猫国家公园） 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 211 新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文：人与自我（救助从阳台坠落的小孩） 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 218 2021 新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文：人与自我（游览黄山的经历） 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 218 新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文：人与自然（减少塑料制品的使用） 1 2 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 211 新高考 语法填空的考点分析 5 通过对近年新高考完形填空的考点分析可知，完形填空的考查具有以下特点： （1）选材：题材多样，篇幅稳定（约200词）。以说明文和记叙文为主，关注中国文化元素。涵盖人与社会、人与自然和人与自我三大主题，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等，有较强的实用性。 （2）考点：分为有提示词和无提示词两种，比例为7∶3（2022新高考Ⅰ卷为6∶4）。纯空格题通常考冠词、介词和从句引导词等；给词填空题通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、词性转换等。 （3）特点：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。主要考查考生在特定语境中对词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确使用与把握能力，同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。 命题探究 备考须知与策略 语法填空表面上是考查语法知识，其真正的意图是考查学生在语境中准确理解语法意义，明确语法用途的能力。因此，考生在完成语法填空题时，一定要有语境和语篇意识（对于基础较差的考生，可以先从单句语法填空开始练习，再逐步进行段落和篇章练习），要明确不同的语法项目在所给语篇中的真正意义。大家在做题时，注意把握以下几个原则： （1）语篇理解为先：通读全文、了解大意、把握文章主题意义。 （2）句子分析为主：理解句意、分析结构、找出成分、注意联系。 （3）充分利用提示有括号提示的空格，先着手填入有括号提示的空格，注意时态、语态和单复数，所剩的空格越少，文章的大意越清晰，语法填空的难度也就相对降低。 （4）代入答案、查证纠错，核实所填词是否符合文意。特别要注意语义是否连贯、搭配是否得当、书写是否规范（如首字母大写）、拼写是否正确等。 备考策略 备考须知与策略 类型一：无提示词类 若空格后的名词（短语）或“形容词+名词”前缺少限定词时，则考虑填冠词。 其中不定冠词a/an表示泛指，意为任何一个； 定冠词the除表示特指外，还可以用在序数词、最高级、姓氏、独一无二的事物名词或有only，very，same等修饰的名词前。 高考中有时也会结合冠词的固定搭配进行考查。 真题链接1 While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit! (2021新高考Ⅰ卷) 真题链接2 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go... Go is one of ______ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. （2025全国一卷） 真题链接3 …some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ________ other stays fresh. (2024浙江卷1月) 考点1 考查 冠词 a the the 类型一：无提示词类 若空格后有名词、代词或动名词，且所填之词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，则往往需要填介词。具体填什么介词，需要根据实际语境和某些固定搭配来确定。 真题链接1 This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. (2024全国甲卷) 真题链接2 She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ________ saving their environment. (2023全国甲卷) 考点2 考查 介词 for for 类型一：无提示词类 若两个单词、短语或句子之间没有连接词，也没有分号或句号，空格处则考虑填并列连词或从句引导词。 考生熟知的并列连词包括and, but, yet, or, so, for，其中高考中经常考查and，其他词如but, yet, or虽然只是偶尔考查，但考生也应引起关注。 定语从句的引导词是高考语法填空的常考项（尤其是that, which和who），其他从句如名词性从句和表语从句的引导词也曾偶尔考查。 真题链接1 “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024新课标Ⅱ卷) 考点3 考查 并列连词和从句引导词 and 类型一：无提示词类 真题链接2 It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (2023全国乙卷) 真题链接3 The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷) 真题链接4 They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ________ they need an English trainer. (2023新课标Ⅱ卷) 考点3 考查 并列连词和从句引导词 but that why 类型一：无提示词类 考点4 考查 代词 语法填空的无提示词题不要求考生填名词，因此分析句子结构，若句子缺主语或宾语，则设空处原则上应填代词。另外，高考中还可能考查作形式主语或形式宾语的it。（该考点虽然在近5年高考中没有出现过，但考生仍需注意一下，以后仍有可能会考） 真题链接1 Running is cheap, easy and it’s always make you energetic. If you are time poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _____ a try. (2018全国卷Ⅰ) 真题链接2 Many westerners who came to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _____ can be to eat out. (2018浙江卷6月) it it 1. Besides, Emei Mountain is known ______ one of the holy mountains of China. 2. They live in a small house, and in front of ______ stands an orange tree. 3. He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get ______ second chance in the long jump. 4. Please tell me the reason ________ can explain your absence reasonably. 5. It sheds light on the beautiful and the ugly ______ tries to understand the function of both. 应考基础训练 as it the a that/which and 考点全归纳 课后请完成《精准应考训练》第74页 类型二：有提示词类----动词 若句子是简单句或复合句，且句子或主句中无谓语动词；或句中已有谓语动词，但设空处与之构成并列关系（常见的有用and, or或but来连接），则设空处要填谓语动词。此外，要注意结合句子的时态、语态和主谓一致填谓语动词的正确形式。 真题链接1 Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. (2024新课标Ⅱ卷) 真题链接2 Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ___________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. (2023全国甲卷) 真题链接3 In the last five cars, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents... (2022全国甲卷) 真题链接4 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019全国卷Ⅲ) 一、 考查 谓语动词 were be employed has walked recommended 若句子中已经有谓语动词，且设空处又不是作并列谓语（即与已有谓语不构成并列关系），则设空处应填动词的非谓语形式。此外，要注意结合实际情况决定是填现在分词（-ing）形式、过去分词（-ed）形式还是不定式（to do）形式。 真题链接1 No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________ (want) more next time. （2023新课标Ⅰ卷） 真题链接2 If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt _______(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.（2025全国二卷） 真题链接3 These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (2024 新课标Ⅰ卷) 二、 考查 非谓语动词 wanting left to give 类型二：有提示词类----动词 1. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large ________ (compare) to younger generations. 2. This included digging up the road, ______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 3. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ______ (sell) the wood. 4. Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong when she ______ (ring) me up. 5. Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera ________ (pass) on and stay alive. compared laying to sell rang are passed 应考基础训练 类型二：有提示词类----词性转换 当提示词是动词，且设空处在句中既不作谓语也不是非谓语动词时，则考虑对其进行词性转换。 若设空处前有限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容性物主代词等）或形容词修饰，所填之词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，则应将动词转换为名词；若设空处作定语修饰后面的名词，或者所填之词位于系动词之后作表语，则应将动词转换为形容词。 真题链接1 “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘_______ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. （2025全国一卷） 真题链接2 In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. (2024新课标Ⅰ卷) 一、 提示词是动词 guidance closed 当提示词是形容词，且所填之词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，则应将形容词转换为副词；若设空处前有限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容性物主代词等）或形容词修饰，所填之词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，则应将形容词转换为名词。 真题链接1 When he looked down, he __________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. （2022新高考Ⅱ卷） 真题链接2 China has a __________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. （2022全国乙卷） 二、 提示词是 形容词 accidentally responsibility 类型二：有提示词类----词性转换（构词法） 当提示词是名词，且所填之词在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语等，则应将名词转换为形容词；当所填之词在句中作谓语或非谓语，则应将名词转换为动词（这一点在高考中考查得很少，仅在2018年全国卷Ⅰ中考查过一次。） 真题链接1 I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and _________ (confidence) speaking English.（2023新课标Ⅱ卷） 真题链接2 To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. （2018全国卷Ⅰ） 三、 提示词是名词 confident strengthen 类型二：有提示词类----词性转换（构词法） 1. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ________ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 2. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ___________ (achieve). 3. However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes. 4. The professor gave the class a series of challenging ________ (assign). 5. They have developed an ________ (advance) system that can grow plants anywhere. suddenly achievement careful assignments advanced 应考基础训练 类型三：有提示词类----其他语法知识 当提示词为形容词和副词时，除了上面提到的词性转换，高考中还会考查比较等级，这时需要根据语境、句意或者标志词确定使用比较级还是最高级。 真题链接1 Yellowstone was the ________ (large) United States national park — 2. 2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska… (2024 全国甲卷) 真题链接2 Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. (2023 浙江卷 1 月) 一、 考查 形容词和副词 largest simpler 当提示词是名词时，除了考查前面提及的词性转换，高考还会考查名词的单数变复数（每年都会考）、名词所有格（仅在2022新高考Ⅱ卷考过一次）和不同名词之间的转换（仅在2018全国卷Ⅲ卷考过一次）。 真题链接1 They also need to be ready to give _________ (interview) in English with international journalists. (2023新高考Ⅱ卷) 真题链接2 He saved my ________ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷) 真题链接3 My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a _________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. (2018全国卷Ⅲ) 二、 考查 名词 interviews son’s scientist 类型三：有提示词类----其他语法知识 当提示词为代词时，且句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，所填之词仍为代词，不过要根据实际情况判断决定是填人称代词（主格）、人称代词（宾格）、物主代词还是反身代词。 当提示词为数词时，高考主要考查由基数词转换为序数词，需结合句子的语境和句意做出准确判断。虽然这个考点在高考中考查较少（2023全国甲卷和2022新高考Ⅱ卷各考过一次），但是未来很有可能会再考，考生需要注意一下。 真题链接1 It will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________ (I). (2021新高考Ⅰ卷) 真题链接2 Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ______ (six) century, B. C. (2023全国甲卷) 三、 考查 代词和数词 mine sixth 类型三：有提示词类----其他语法知识 1. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _______ (clean) than ever. 2. A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ________ (it) choking smog. 3. Recent ________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 4. The editor deleted the _______ (three) paragraph from the article. 5. The doctor was very pleased that most of his ________ (patient) health improved after the treatment. cleaner 应考基础训练 its studies parents third 考点全归纳 课后请完成《精准应考训练》第75页 综合训练 The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for those 1.________ are not that sporty, what would be nicer than having 2.________ (relax) afternoon tea with a few good friends 3.________ taking a break ? But are you familiar with the culture of afternoon tea,its origins,what is included,and 4.________ proper etiquette (礼仪) ? Here are a few things you need to know about this 5.________ (tradition) English custom so that you can enjoy it more. While the tradition of drinking tea 6.________ (date) back to about 3,000 BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the concept of “afternoon tea” first appeared in the UK. In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the 7.________ (seven) Duchess of Bedford, started to ask for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, as she found she was hungry at that time every day while the evening meal in her house 8.________ (serve) late at 8 pm. She found this new habit difficult 9.________ (break) and soon invited other ladies to join her. This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event. 10.________ the 1880s，the upper class would put on gowns, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea. 1. who。句意“但是对于那些对运动不感兴趣的人……”。those代指那些人，在这里充当定语从句的先行词指人，所以用who引导。 2. relaxing。所给提示词是动词,根据空格后的 afternoon tea可知此处需要填形容词来修饰afternoon tea，故填relaxing“令人放松的”。 3. and。本句中动词having与动词taking是并列的，用and连接。  4. the。句意:但是你熟悉下午茶的文化吗？包括它的起源，内容以及礼仪？这里是特指下午茶的礼仪，应该用定冠词the。 5. traditional。此处是用形容词作定语修饰名词custom，故填traditional。 6. dates。date back to意为“追溯到”，该句表达的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填dates。 7. seventh。此处应该用序数词。 8. was served。该句描述的是过去的事件,因此使用一般过去时。serve与主语the evening meal构成被动关系,因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。 9. to break。此处为“find sth.+adj.+to do”结构，此处表示“她发现这个新习惯不容易改掉”。所以填to break。 10. In。年代前应该用介词In。 THANK YOU! $