考前押题08 概要写作（期中专项训练）高二英语下学期沪教版

考前押题08 概要写作 1．The world’s chocolate supply is threatened by diseases and droughts. Mars Inc. leads a study to boost cacao yield per hectare via genetic research, aiming to breed disease-resistant trees. This aims to triple production, protect rainforests, and support African small-scale farmers. Collaborating with USDA and IBM, they leverage cacao’s rich genetic diversity to ensure sustainability and end destructive farming. 2．Dozens of state leaders discussed the future of Al to ensure its safety and reliability at a summit. They signed a non-binding agreement which prioritized Al’s security, job-friendliness and sustainability by addressing energy consumption and water usage. However, US and UK rejected it, citing governance gaps and regulatory risks. France unveiled Current AI for the sake of public well-being. 3．    Autonomous driving is debated regarding road safety. Supporters claim it reduces human errors and improves traffic efficiency, while critics point out its limitations in harsh weather and vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Despite its potential, the technology still needs further development. 4．CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation. While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. 5．The passage argues that concerns about “memory breakdown” are overblown historical repeats. Rather than declining ability, people now strategically use technology as external memory, choosing what to remember while developing new cognitive skills like rapid information retrieval and cross-platform thinking. 6．One possible version: First, company’s constant innovation allows consumers to regularly discover something new. Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards. Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability. 7． The future of journalism is marked by the rise of citizen journalism through social media, blurring traditional boundaries. While it diversifies news sources, challenges like fake news emerge, necessitating public critical thinking. 8． The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 9．One possible version: A new study by Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi shows that plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 10． The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 11．For reference: Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. Resuming tasks, particularly complex ones, takes time and effort. Moreover, frequent interruptions can lower motivation. A practical solution is to consciously limit daily digital interruptions to stay productive. 12．例文 Adults should take action against cyberbullying. Parents can recognize changes in a child’s mood or behavior. Keep records of bullying so as to report it to schools or police. Act quickly to protect the victim and ensure that the situation is settled promptly and effectively. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题08 概要写作 1．（24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Chocolate lovers might face a challenge: the world’s chocolate supply is under threat. The cacao (可可) tree, from which chocolate is made, is suffering. Diseases wipe out a third of the global cacao crop annually, and droughts caused by climate change are making things worse. But there’s hope! Mars Inc., the world’s largest chocolate company, is leading a groundbreaking study on the cacao tree. They’re sharing their findings for free, aiming to ensure that cacao continues to be grown. The focus is on finding ways to increase the yield (产量) of cacao per hectare (亩) since expanding the areas of cacao cultivation often leads to deforestation. This research is crucial because the majority of cacao is grown in Africa by small-scale farmers who lack resources to improve crop yields. Improving cacao plants to produce more per hectare could encourage farmers to adopt more intensive farming techniques. This shift could help protect rainforests and support small farmers’ wealth. Additionally, tackling the issue of disease is critical. Fungi (真菌), like witch’s broom and frosty pod, have destroyed cacao plantations in the Americas and could threaten Africa’s crops. A key part of the solution is genetic research to find disease-resistant cacao trees. Surprisingly, a study led by Juan-Carlos Motamayor revealed that cacao has a much richer genetic diversity than previously thought, opening doors to breeding disease-resistant species. Mars, together with the USDA and IBM, is working hard to speed up this research. Scientists are optimistic that by identifying and breeding cacao trees with desirable features, such as high yield and disease resistance, they can triple cacao production. This would not only secure the chocolate supply but also allow farmers to diversify their crops, leading to year-round harvests and a move away from destructive farming practices. So, the next time you enjoy a piece of chocolate, remember it’s part of a bigger picture involving science, sustainability, and supporting global communities. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The world’s chocolate supply is threatened by diseases and droughts. Mars Inc. leads a study to boost cacao yield per hectare via genetic research, aiming to breed disease-resistant trees. This aims to triple production, protect rainforests, and support African small-scale farmers. Collaborating with USDA and IBM, they leverage cacao’s rich genetic diversity to ensure sustainability and end destructive farming. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍全球的巧克力供应受到疾病和干旱的威胁。玛氏公司（Mars Inc.）领导了一项通过基因研究提高每公顷可可产量的研究，旨在培育抗病树木。该计划旨在使产量增加两倍，保护雨林，并支持非洲小农。他们与美国农业部和IBM合作，利用可可丰富的基因多样性来确保可持续性，并结束破坏性的农业生产。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Chocolate lovers might face a challenge: the world’s chocolate supply is under threat. ②Mars Inc., the world’s largest chocolate company, is leading a groundbreaking study on the cacao tree. They’re sharing their findings for free, aiming to ensure that cacao continues to be grown. ③Improving cacao plants to produce more per hectare could encourage farmers to adopt more intensive farming techniques. This shift could help protect rainforests and support small farmers’ wealth. ④Mars, together with the USDA and IBM, is working hard to speed up this research. Scientists are optimistic that by identifying and breeding cacao trees with desirable features, such as high yield and disease resistance, they can triple cacao production. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The global supply of chocolate is threatened by diseases and droughts. Mars Inc. is leading an effort to increase cocoa production per hectare through genetic research aimed at breeding disease-resistant trees. They collaborated with the United States Department of Agriculture and IBM to leverage the rich genetic diversity of cocoa to ensure sustainability and put an end to destructive agricultural production. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Mars Inc. leads a study to boost cacao yield per hectare via genetic research, aiming to breed disease-resistant trees.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语。） [高分句型2]：Collaborating with USDA and IBM, they leverage cacao’s rich genetic diversity to ensure sustainability and end destructive farming.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语以及动词不定式作目的状语。） 2．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Future of AI On 10 and 11 February, 60 countries promised to make sure artificial intelligence (AI) is safe and trustworthy, at a big meeting in Paris, France. AI is already used for all sorts of things, including. Internet searches, banking, robots and more — and the list of possible uses is quickly getting longer. At the meeting, called the AI Action Summit, world leaders discussed the impact of AI and what should be done to manage it. One of the big agreements reached was the Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable AI, which was signed by 60 countries. The statement included a list of priorities for AI that the countries agreed to follow, including making sure it is “safe, secure and trustworthy” and that it has a positive impact on people’s jobs. Another priority was to make AI “sustainable for people and the planet”, which means using AI in a way that doesn’t harm the environment. This is important because AI systems use lots of energy, which is often made by burning polluting fossil fuels. They also use lots of water to cool equipment, and water is scarce in some places. The statement is a step forward for making sure AI is used carefully, even though the countries aren’t legally required to do what the statement says. The UK and US didn’t sign the statement. A spokesperson for the UK Government said it didn’t talk enough about certain issues, including how AI will be governed across the world. US vice president said excessive regulation of AI would be bad for the technology industry. Macron, the president of France, used the AI Action Summit to announce the creation of Current AI. This is an organization designed to develop and support global AI projects that will benefit the public, including increasing access to high-quality data that can be used to train AI systems. To begin with, it's being funded by around £317 million from the French government, other countries and organizations. The founder of Current AI said, “AI has the power to transform access to jobs, healthcare, and education for the better, but only if we act now.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dozens of state leaders discussed the future of Al to ensure its safety and reliability at a summit. They signed a non-binding agreement which prioritized Al’s security, job-friendliness and sustainability by addressing energy consumption and water usage. However, US and UK rejected it, citing governance gaps and regulatory risks. France unveiled Current AI for the sake of public well-being. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，数十位国家领导人在峰会上讨论了人工智能的未来，以确保其安全性和可靠性。他们签署了一项不具约束力的协议，通过解决能源消耗和用水问题，优先考虑人工智能的安全性、就业友好性和可持续性。然而，美国和英国以治理缺口和监管风险为由，拒绝了这一提议。法国为了国民的福祉，公开了“目前的人工智能”。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①On 10 and 11 February, 60 countries promised to make sure artificial intelligence (AI) is safe and trustworthy, at a big meeting in Paris, France. ②The statement included a list of priorities for AI that the countries agreed to follow, including making sure it is “safe, secure and trustworthy” and that it has a positive impact on people’s jobs. This is important because AI systems use lots of energy, which is often made by burning polluting fossil fuels. They also use lots of water to cool equipment, and water is scarce in some places. ③The UK and US didn’t sign the statement. A spokesperson for the UK Government said it didn’t talk enough about certain issues, including how AI will be governed across the world. US vice president said excessive regulation of AI would be bad for the technology industry. ④To begin with, it's being funded by around £317 million from the French government, other countries and organizations. The founder of Current AI said, “AI has the power to transform access to jobs, healthcare, and education for the better, but only if we act now.” 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Dozens of state leaders discussed the future of Al to ensure its safety and reliability at a summit. They signed a non-binding agreement which prioritized Al’s security, job-friendliness and sustainability by addressing energy consumption and water usage. However, US and UK rejected it, citing governance gaps and regulatory risks. France unveiled Current AI for the sake of public well-being. 【点睛】[高分句型1] They signed a non-binding agreement which prioritized Al’s security, job-friendliness and sustainability by addressing energy consumption and water usage.（运用which引导定语从句对原文三段进行了概括） [高分句型2] However, US and UK rejected it, citing governance gaps and regulatory risks.（用现在分词作状语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级） 3．（25-26高二下·上海·开学考试）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Automated Driving System Make Driving Safer? Last week, I encountered a traffic accident, which was later carried in the newspaper. According to the news report, the driver told local crash investigators she’d been using the Autopilot driver-assist system on her Tesla. It wasn’t until later they learned from the automaker that her hands were off the wheel for 80 seconds before impact. Automated steering is currently available in many vehicles, but does that really contribute to road safety? Supporters of autonomous driving argue that an intelligent system is more reliable than a human. On the one hand, by removing human error from the equation, these vehicles could significantly reduce the number of accidents caused by fatigue or distraction. Autonomous systems are designed to make split-second decisions based on real-time data, potentially improving reaction times and reducing the likelihood of collisions. On the other hand, the integration of autonomous cars into smart city infrastructure could lead to more efficient traffic flow, further reducing the risk of accidents. Despite the promise, the current state of autonomous driving technology is not without its limitations. Autonomous vehicles rely heavily on sensors and cameras to interpret their surroundings. However, these systems can struggle with harsh weather conditions and the complexity of urban road environments. The reliance on technology also raises concerns about potential cyber-attacks, which hackers may launch to create chaos. While the potential benefits of autonomous driving are undeniable, the leap to a fully autonomous future is not without its hurdles. The technology must evolve to handle a broader range of scenarios. There’s still a long way to go. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Autonomous driving is debated regarding road safety. Supporters claim it reduces human errors and improves traffic efficiency, while critics point out its limitations in harsh weather and vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Despite its potential, the technology still needs further development. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶系统是否能提高道路安全这一争议性话题，分析了支持者和反对者的观点，并指出该技术仍需进一步发展。 【详解】1. 要点摘录   ①Automated steering is currently available in many vehicles, but does that really contribute to road safety?   ②Supporters of autonomous driving argue that an intelligent system is more reliable than a human.   ③On the one hand, by removing human error from the equation, these vehicles could significantly reduce the number of accidents caused by fatigue or distraction.   ④On the other hand, the integration of autonomous cars into smart city infrastructure could lead to more efficient traffic flow, further reducing the risk of accidents. ⑤However, these systems can struggle with harsh weather conditions and the complexity of urban road environments.   ⑥The reliance on technology also raises concerns about potential cyber-attacks. ⑦There’s still a long way to go.   2. 缜密构思   将第①②要点进行重组，引出话题； 将第③④要点进行整合，阐述支持方观点； 将第⑤⑥要点进行整合，阐述反对方观点； 将第⑦要点作为结论。   3. 遣词造句   Autonomous driving is debated regarding road safety. Supporters claim it reduces human errors and improves traffic efficiency, while critics point out its limitations in harsh weather and vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Despite its potential, the technology still needs further development. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Supporters claim it reduces human errors and improves traffic efficiency. (运用了省略that的宾语从句及并列谓语动词reduces和improves)   【高分句型2】 Despite its potential, the technology still needs further development. (运用了介词despite引导的让步状语)   4．（25-26高二下·上海闵行·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill,industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct (行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency (透明) in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game.The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company’s competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy? Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue (美德)： it is just good business. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation. While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企业社会责任 (CSR) 的三个层次：传统慈善、风险管理和战略价值创造，并指出CSR若执行得当便是良好的商业实践，反之则沦为表面功夫。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① CSR consists of three layers: traditional charity (about 1% pre-tax profits), risk management (responding to reputation crises since 1980s disasters), and strategic value creation (doing well by doing good). ② Companies manage risks by consulting NGOs, creating codes of conduct, and increasing transparency; they also set common rules with competitors. ③ Well-executed CSR is good business, but poorly done CSR is merely window-dressing and potentially harmful. 2. 缜密构思 将①②整合为“三层内涵+具体表现”，将③独立为“正反评价”，形成“定义—分层—评价”结构。 3. 遣词造句 CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation. While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. 【点睛】[高分句型1] CSR comprises three layers: traditional charity, risk management addressing reputation crises since 1980s disasters, and strategic value creation.（运用了现在分词短语作后置定语） [高分句型2] While poorly executed CSR is mere window-dressing, well-implemented CSR constitutes sound business practice rather than peripheral virtue. （运用while连接并列句，表示对比关系） 5．（25-26高二下·上海浦东新·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Memory Breakdown: A False Crisis A “memory breakdown” is often said to be the major cognitive problem of our time. In a recent piece in The Chronicle Review, Daniel Mercer argued that “students can’t remember even simple facts without checking their phones”, and many schools have quietly lowered expectations for memorizing dates, formulas and vocabulary. Yet complaints about weak memory are hardly new. In the late 19th century, British educator Henry Latham worried that cheap printed books would destroy students’ power to remember, because they no longer needed to keep long passages in their minds. Over the decades, similar criticism has returned each time a new tool has entered classrooms. Mercer suggests that rather than a simple loss of ability, we may be seeing a shift in how people choose to use their memory. Many students now treat their phones as an “external brain”, much as earlier generations treated the family bookshelf. At the same time, the use of digital calendars, search engines and cloud storage continue to rise. This points to a change not in whether people can remember, but in what they believe is worth remembering. “Students can still memorize,” Mercer wrote. “They’re just deciding to memorize different things.” In classic “change blindness” experiments, people fail to notice that a stranger they are speaking to has been secretly replaced by another person, because their attention is on the task, not the face. It seems that relying on external cues and context is not always a weakness; it may reflect a different way of managing limited mental resources. Could today’s young people be developing useful memory strategies that we have not yet learned to value? What about their skill at searching huge databases in seconds, or at linking ideas across videos, chats and online documents? These new habits of remembering challenge us to reconsider — with the history of past “memory breakdown” in mind — how we might understand and support human memory in more flexible, forward-looking ways. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage argues that concerns about “memory breakdown” are overblown historical repeats. Rather than declining ability, people now strategically use technology as external memory, choosing what to remember while developing new cognitive skills like rapid information retrieval and cross-platform thinking. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论所谓的“记忆衰退”危机实际上是一种误读，作者通过历史对比和当代分析，指出人们并非失去记忆能力，而是改变了记忆策略，将技术作为外部记忆工具，并发展出新的认知技能。 【详解】1. 要点摘录： ①Yet complaints about weak memory are hardly new.(然而，对记忆力衰退的抱怨并非新鲜事) ②This points to a change not in whether people can remember, but in what they believe is worth remembering.(这表明的变化并非在于人们是否能够记住，而在于他们认为哪些内容才是值得记住的) ③It seems that relying on external cues and context is not always a weakness; it may reflect a different way of managing limited mental resources.( 似乎依赖外部线索和背景信息并非总是意味着缺陷；这或许反映出了一种有效利用有限的脑力资源的策略) ④Could today’s young people be developing useful memory strategies that we have not yet learned to value?( 如今的年轻人是否正在形成一些对我们而言尚不重视的有益的记忆技巧呢) 2. 缜密构思： 将第①要点作为总说，指出这是历史重复现象；将第②③④要点进行整合分说，说明记忆方式转变的本质、外部依赖的合理性以及新记忆策略的价值。 3. 遣词造句： The passage argues that concerns about “memory breakdown” are overblown historical repeats. Rather than declining ability, people now strategically use technology as external memory, choosing what to remember while developing new cognitive skills like rapid information retrieval and cross-platform thinking. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage argues that concerns about “memory breakdown” are overblown historical repeats. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Rather than declining ability, people now strategically use technology as external memory, choosing what to remember while developing new cognitive skills like rapid information retrieval and cross-platform thinking (运用了现在分词作状语) 6．（24-25高二下·上海·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Is Everyone So fascinated by Jellycats? Jellycat started in the UK in 1999, founded by two creative people who wanted to make stuffed toys (毛绒玩具) in a new way. The name “Jellycat” comes from the sound of a child’s laughter, which is part of the fun, playful atmosphere that the brand is known for. Since then, Jellycat has grown into a global brand, offering unique and imaginative designs that capture people’s hearts. In a world where trends come and go quickly, Jellycat stuffed animals have become much more than just a passing hit. They are loved by people of all ages, offering comfort and joy. Why is this brand so appealing and has been well received for so many years? What sets Jellycat apart is its focus on creativity. Every year, the brand releases two new collections, always introducing fresh and exciting stuffed toys. This constant innovation ensures there’s always something new to discover, which keeps catching consumers’ eye. Jellycat also cares deeply about safety, making sure all of their toys meet international safety standards, so they’re safe for kids of all ages. In addition, Jellycat toys are known for their excellent quality. They are soft to touch and built to last — meaning they can handle lots of pats and hugs. Actually, these toys aren’t just for playing with — they become lifelong friends, offering comfort for children and adults alike. Their softness and fun designs bring happiness, while helping to create emotional connections. When picking a Jellycat, you can choose one based on your own interests or personality. Jellycat offers a wide variety of toys, from cute bears to quirky creatures like dragons, ensuring there must be one suitable for you. In conclusion, Jellycat has become a beloved brand not just because of its adorable and high-quality stuffed animals, but because of the emotional connection they foster. Whether it’s a child’s favorite toy or an adult’s comforting companion, these cuddly creatures bring joy and warmth into people’s lives. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: First, company’s constant innovation allows consumers to regularly discover something new. Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards. Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了1999年在英国创立的Jellycat品牌，其毛绒玩具凭借独特创意、安全性、高品质及情感连接，深受各年龄段人群喜爱，多年来长盛不衰。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Jellycat, founded in the UK in 1999, is a global brand with unique stuffed toys loved by all ages for comfort and joy. ②Its creativity (new collections yearly) and focus on safety (meeting international standards) set it apart. ③The toys are of excellent quality — soft, durable, and serve as lifelong friends fostering emotional connections. ④Jellycat is beloved for its high-quality products and the emotional bonds they create. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，介绍品牌背景及受欢迎程度；将第②、③点整合为其受欢迎的原因（创意、安全、品质及情感价值）；将第④点作为总结句，强调品牌受喜爱的核心原因。 3. 遣词造句 First, company’s constant innovation allows consumers to regularly discover something new. Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards. Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Second, the toy is safe because it meets international safety standards.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2] Third, they are high-quality, featuring a soft touch and great durability.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 7．（24-25高二下·上海·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Future of Journalism Journalism has changed a lot over the years. It used to be clear who a journalist was—they had a degree, worked for a newspaper, TV, or radio, and spent their days reporting and writing. But now, the distinction between professional journalists and the general public has become less defined. Today, anyone with a smartphone can be a journalist. If you’re at the scene of a news event, you can record it and share it instantly online. There’s no need to wait for a professional journalist to interview you when you can tell the story yourself. With the rise of social media platforms, more and more people are becoming “citizen journalists”. These platforms allow anyone to report on events, share their opinions, and even break news before traditional media outlets. This has led to the emergence of many independent news sites and blogs that give a voice to people who were previously unheard. For example, in South Korea, a site called Ohmynews has 26,000 citizen reporters who share news and stories every day. However, when this trend of citizen journalism began, traditional media didn’t take it seriously. Established news organizations were doubtful of amateur journalists who lacked professional training. However, this perception is changing. Major news outlets are starting to hire individuals from these new media sources, recognizing that citizen journalists can offer fresh perspectives that connect with the public. Of course, the rise of participatory journalism has also brought challenges. Some critics argue that news shared on social media can be misleading or even false. There are concerns about “fake news” spreading quickly without being properly checked. For instance, during the 2011 London unrest, social media was used to spread false information, leading to confusion and panic. It’s clear that journalism is evolving. As more people become involved in reporting and sharing news, it’s important for everyone to develop strong critical thinking skills. Being able to question and check information is more crucial than ever. An informed and thoughtful public is essential for a healthy society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The future of journalism is marked by the rise of citizen journalism through social media, blurring traditional boundaries. While it diversifies news sources, challenges like fake news emerge, necessitating public critical thinking. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了新闻业的未来发展趋势，指出社交媒体的普及使得公民新闻兴起，模糊了传统新闻行业的界限。这一变化既丰富了新闻来源，也带来了虚假新闻等挑战，因此公众需要培养批判性思维能力。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But now, the distinction between professional journalists and the general public has become less defined. ②Today, anyone with a smartphone can be a journalist. ③With the rise of social media platforms, more and more people are becoming “citizen journalists”. ④These platforms allow anyone to report on events, share their opinions, and even break news before traditional media outlets. ⑤Some critics argue that news shared on social media can be misleading or even false. ⑥It’s important for everyone to develop strong critical thinking skills. 2.填空构思 将①-④整合为公民记者的兴起现象，⑤说明其挑战，⑥提出解决方案。 3.遣词造句 The future of journalism is evolving with citizen journalists playing a significant role through social media, blurring traditional professional boundaries. While this democratization brings diverse voices, it also raises concerns about misinformation, underscoring the need for public media literacy. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The future of journalism is marked by the rise of citizen journalism through social media, blurring traditional boundaries.（运用了现在分词“blurring”作结果状语） 【高分句型2】While it diversifies news sources, challenges like fake news emerge, necessitating public critical thinking.（运用了“While”引导的让步状语从句） 8．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 40 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了为何人们难以戒除多任务处理的习惯。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Most of us do multitasking almost daily. Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. ②Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine. ③This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. ④To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity, you simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，阐述多任务处理的弊端，第4个要点单独作为解决措施。 3.遣词造句 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第1-2段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句，表达高级。 【高分句型2】To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus.运用了一个不定式作目的状语的句子，对原文第3段进行了概括。 9．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: A new study by Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi shows that plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了噪音对植物生长的影响，通过实验发现交通噪音会使植物生长相关激素水平降低，应激激素水平升高，同时提出了未来值得探索的问题。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. ②It is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. ③Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. ④One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. ⑤The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. ⑥Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. 2. 缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④、⑤三个要点进行整合，第⑥要点单独成句。 3. 遣词造句 Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's study finds plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. 运用过去分词短语作定语对原文第四、五段进行了概括，使句子结构更加紧凑，表达更加高级。 [高分句型2]：Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 运用whether引导的主语从句对原文最后一段进行了概括，表达清晰且高级。 10．（24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible. China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. In 2015, the nation only had 113.6 million users of food delivery services. By June 2023, this number had soared to 534.88 million. This highlights the rapid embrace of delivery platforms across the country. The demographic landscape (人口统计形势) of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. In 2015, white-collar workers comprised 63% of users, while students accounted for 30.5%. By 2019, a dramatic transformation had occurred. White-collar workers now make up 83% of users and students only10%. Furthermore, women constitute 51% of food delivery app users. About 85% of users fall within the 18to 40 age range. Food delivery services in China have surpassed (超过) those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. This is due to intense competition among providers like Ele.me and Meituan. These companies are in fierce price wars and offer generous discounts and coupons (优惠券) to customers. This makes online food orders more affordable than dining out. Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. A survey conducted in March 2020 revealed that about 67% of the 7,220 Chinese food delivery users surveyed cited laziness as the reason for ordering instead of dining out. In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. This rapid growth not only reflects the convenience-driven demands of modern life but also showcases the innovation of the food service sector. As such, food delivery is sure to remain an important aspect of Chinese dining habits. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国外卖服务的显著增长、用户人口统计变化、其受欢迎程度超过西方国家的原因以及未来展望。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. ②The demographic landscape of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. ③Food delivery services in China have surpassed those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. ④Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. ⑤In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行概括，将第2个要点进行概括，将第3、4个要点进行整合，将第5个要点进行概括。 3.遣词造句 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023.（运用了with复合结构对原文第一段进行概括） 【高分句型2】It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture.（运用了现在分词suggesting作状语，省略引导词that的宾语从句，对原文第2-5段进行概括） 11．（24-25高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For reference: Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. Resuming tasks, particularly complex ones, takes time and effort. Moreover, frequent interruptions can lower motivation. A practical solution is to consciously limit daily digital interruptions to stay productive. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了数字干扰会降低工作效率，介绍了其带来的负面影响，并提出设置“专注时间”来限制数字干扰以提高效率的解决办法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. ②Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. ③Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. ④To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. 2. 缜密构思 将第1点说明数字干扰影响效率；第2点说明设备初衷与现状；第3点说明数字干扰带来的其他负面影响；第4点提出解决办法。 3. 遣词造句 Research indicates digital distractions reduce productivity. Smartphones, initially for convenience, now often interrupt daily life. Digital distractions waste time, lower motivation and make it hard to refocus. Setting “focus hours” can limit digital interruptions and boost efficiency. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. (运用了although引导省略的让步状语从句) 12．（25-26高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 100. Fighting Cyberbullying (网络欺凌) If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, deal with the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says if you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied. You can ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. And most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is settled promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional harm and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Adults should take action against cyberbullying. Parents can recognize changes in a child’s mood or behavior. Keep records of bullying so as to report it to schools or police. Act quickly to protect the victim and ensure that the situation is settled promptly and effectively. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了应对网络欺凌的方法，包括识别孩子情绪或行为的变化、记录欺凌情况以及向学校或警方报告等。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. ②The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. ③Remember to keep a record of what your kid says if you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied. ④And most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. ⑤Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is settled promptly and effectively. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2要点进行整合，将第3、4、5要点进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying by recognizing changes in a child’s mood or behavior. They should also keep records and report cyberbullying to schools or police promptly to protect the victim. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Keep records of bullying so as to report it to schools or police.(运用了动词不定式作目的状语) [高分句型2] Act quickly to protect the victim and ensure that the situation is settled promptly and effectively. (运用了连接词that引导的宾语从句) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题08 概要写作 1．（24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Chocolate lovers might face a challenge: the world’s chocolate supply is under threat. The cacao (可可) tree, from which chocolate is made, is suffering. Diseases wipe out a third of the global cacao crop annually, and droughts caused by climate change are making things worse. But there’s hope! Mars Inc., the world’s largest chocolate company, is leading a groundbreaking study on the cacao tree. They’re sharing their findings for free, aiming to ensure that cacao continues to be grown. The focus is on finding ways to increase the yield (产量) of cacao per hectare (亩) since expanding the areas of cacao cultivation often leads to deforestation. This research is crucial because the majority of cacao is grown in Africa by small-scale farmers who lack resources to improve crop yields. Improving cacao plants to produce more per hectare could encourage farmers to adopt more intensive farming techniques. This shift could help protect rainforests and support small farmers’ wealth. Additionally, tackling the issue of disease is critical. Fungi (真菌), like witch’s broom and frosty pod, have destroyed cacao plantations in the Americas and could threaten Africa’s crops. A key part of the solution is genetic research to find disease-resistant cacao trees. Surprisingly, a study led by Juan-Carlos Motamayor revealed that cacao has a much richer genetic diversity than previously thought, opening doors to breeding disease-resistant species. Mars, together with the USDA and IBM, is working hard to speed up this research. Scientists are optimistic that by identifying and breeding cacao trees with desirable features, such as high yield and disease resistance, they can triple cacao production. This would not only secure the chocolate supply but also allow farmers to diversify their crops, leading to year-round harvests and a move away from destructive farming practices. So, the next time you enjoy a piece of chocolate, remember it’s part of a bigger picture involving science, sustainability, and supporting global communities. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Future of AI On 10 and 11 February, 60 countries promised to make sure artificial intelligence (AI) is safe and trustworthy, at a big meeting in Paris, France. AI is already used for all sorts of things, including. Internet searches, banking, robots and more — and the list of possible uses is quickly getting longer. At the meeting, called the AI Action Summit, world leaders discussed the impact of AI and what should be done to manage it. One of the big agreements reached was the Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable AI, which was signed by 60 countries. The statement included a list of priorities for AI that the countries agreed to follow, including making sure it is “safe, secure and trustworthy” and that it has a positive impact on people’s jobs. Another priority was to make AI “sustainable for people and the planet”, which means using AI in a way that doesn’t harm the environment. This is important because AI systems use lots of energy, which is often made by burning polluting fossil fuels. They also use lots of water to cool equipment, and water is scarce in some places. The statement is a step forward for making sure AI is used carefully, even though the countries aren’t legally required to do what the statement says. The UK and US didn’t sign the statement. A spokesperson for the UK Government said it didn’t talk enough about certain issues, including how AI will be governed across the world. US vice president said excessive regulation of AI would be bad for the technology industry. Macron, the president of France, used the AI Action Summit to announce the creation of Current AI. This is an organization designed to develop and support global AI projects that will benefit the public, including increasing access to high-quality data that can be used to train AI systems. To begin with, it's being funded by around £317 million from the French government, other countries and organizations. The founder of Current AI said, “AI has the power to transform access to jobs, healthcare, and education for the better, but only if we act now.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（25-26高二下·上海·开学考试）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Automated Driving System Make Driving Safer? Last week, I encountered a traffic accident, which was later carried in the newspaper. According to the news report, the driver told local crash investigators she’d been using the Autopilot driver-assist system on her Tesla. It wasn’t until later they learned from the automaker that her hands were off the wheel for 80 seconds before impact. Automated steering is currently available in many vehicles, but does that really contribute to road safety? Supporters of autonomous driving argue that an intelligent system is more reliable than a human. On the one hand, by removing human error from the equation, these vehicles could significantly reduce the number of accidents caused by fatigue or distraction. Autonomous systems are designed to make split-second decisions based on real-time data, potentially improving reaction times and reducing the likelihood of collisions. On the other hand, the integration of autonomous cars into smart city infrastructure could lead to more efficient traffic flow, further reducing the risk of accidents. Despite the promise, the current state of autonomous driving technology is not without its limitations. Autonomous vehicles rely heavily on sensors and cameras to interpret their surroundings. However, these systems can struggle with harsh weather conditions and the complexity of urban road environments. The reliance on technology also raises concerns about potential cyber-attacks, which hackers may launch to create chaos. While the potential benefits of autonomous driving are undeniable, the leap to a fully autonomous future is not without its hurdles. The technology must evolve to handle a broader range of scenarios. There’s still a long way to go. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（25-26高二下·上海闵行·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill,industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct (行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency (透明) in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game.The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company’s competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy? Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue (美德)： it is just good business. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（25-26高二下·上海浦东新·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Memory Breakdown: A False Crisis A “memory breakdown” is often said to be the major cognitive problem of our time. In a recent piece in The Chronicle Review, Daniel Mercer argued that “students can’t remember even simple facts without checking their phones”, and many schools have quietly lowered expectations for memorizing dates, formulas and vocabulary. Yet complaints about weak memory are hardly new. In the late 19th century, British educator Henry Latham worried that cheap printed books would destroy students’ power to remember, because they no longer needed to keep long passages in their minds. Over the decades, similar criticism has returned each time a new tool has entered classrooms. Mercer suggests that rather than a simple loss of ability, we may be seeing a shift in how people choose to use their memory. Many students now treat their phones as an “external brain”, much as earlier generations treated the family bookshelf. At the same time, the use of digital calendars, search engines and cloud storage continue to rise. This points to a change not in whether people can remember, but in what they believe is worth remembering. “Students can still memorize,” Mercer wrote. “They’re just deciding to memorize different things.” In classic “change blindness” experiments, people fail to notice that a stranger they are speaking to has been secretly replaced by another person, because their attention is on the task, not the face. It seems that relying on external cues and context is not always a weakness; it may reflect a different way of managing limited mental resources. Could today’s young people be developing useful memory strategies that we have not yet learned to value? What about their skill at searching huge databases in seconds, or at linking ideas across videos, chats and online documents? These new habits of remembering challenge us to reconsider — with the history of past “memory breakdown” in mind — how we might understand and support human memory in more flexible, forward-looking ways. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（24-25高二下·上海·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Is Everyone So fascinated by Jellycats? Jellycat started in the UK in 1999, founded by two creative people who wanted to make stuffed toys (毛绒玩具) in a new way. The name “Jellycat” comes from the sound of a child’s laughter, which is part of the fun, playful atmosphere that the brand is known for. Since then, Jellycat has grown into a global brand, offering unique and imaginative designs that capture people’s hearts. In a world where trends come and go quickly, Jellycat stuffed animals have become much more than just a passing hit. They are loved by people of all ages, offering comfort and joy. Why is this brand so appealing and has been well received for so many years? What sets Jellycat apart is its focus on creativity. Every year, the brand releases two new collections, always introducing fresh and exciting stuffed toys. This constant innovation ensures there’s always something new to discover, which keeps catching consumers’ eye. Jellycat also cares deeply about safety, making sure all of their toys meet international safety standards, so they’re safe for kids of all ages. In addition, Jellycat toys are known for their excellent quality. They are soft to touch and built to last — meaning they can handle lots of pats and hugs. Actually, these toys aren’t just for playing with — they become lifelong friends, offering comfort for children and adults alike. Their softness and fun designs bring happiness, while helping to create emotional connections. When picking a Jellycat, you can choose one based on your own interests or personality. Jellycat offers a wide variety of toys, from cute bears to quirky creatures like dragons, ensuring there must be one suitable for you. In conclusion, Jellycat has become a beloved brand not just because of its adorable and high-quality stuffed animals, but because of the emotional connection they foster. Whether it’s a child’s favorite toy or an adult’s comforting companion, these cuddly creatures bring joy and warmth into people’s lives. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（24-25高二下·上海·月考）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Future of Journalism Journalism has changed a lot over the years. It used to be clear who a journalist was—they had a degree, worked for a newspaper, TV, or radio, and spent their days reporting and writing. But now, the distinction between professional journalists and the general public has become less defined. Today, anyone with a smartphone can be a journalist. If you’re at the scene of a news event, you can record it and share it instantly online. There’s no need to wait for a professional journalist to interview you when you can tell the story yourself. With the rise of social media platforms, more and more people are becoming “citizen journalists”. These platforms allow anyone to report on events, share their opinions, and even break news before traditional media outlets. This has led to the emergence of many independent news sites and blogs that give a voice to people who were previously unheard. For example, in South Korea, a site called Ohmynews has 26,000 citizen reporters who share news and stories every day. However, when this trend of citizen journalism began, traditional media didn’t take it seriously. Established news organizations were doubtful of amateur journalists who lacked professional training. However, this perception is changing. Major news outlets are starting to hire individuals from these new media sources, recognizing that citizen journalists can offer fresh perspectives that connect with the public. Of course, the rise of participatory journalism has also brought challenges. Some critics argue that news shared on social media can be misleading or even false. There are concerns about “fake news” spreading quickly without being properly checked. For instance, during the 2011 London unrest, social media was used to spread false information, leading to confusion and panic. It’s clear that journalism is evolving. As more people become involved in reporting and sharing news, it’s important for everyone to develop strong critical thinking skills. Being able to question and check information is more crucial than ever. An informed and thoughtful public is essential for a healthy society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 40 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．（24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．（24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible. China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. In 2015, the nation only had 113.6 million users of food delivery services. By June 2023, this number had soared to 534.88 million. This highlights the rapid embrace of delivery platforms across the country. The demographic landscape (人口统计形势) of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. In 2015, white-collar workers comprised 63% of users, while students accounted for 30.5%. By 2019, a dramatic transformation had occurred. White-collar workers now make up 83% of users and students only10%. Furthermore, women constitute 51% of food delivery app users. About 85% of users fall within the 18to 40 age range. Food delivery services in China have surpassed (超过) those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. This is due to intense competition among providers like Ele.me and Meituan. These companies are in fierce price wars and offer generous discounts and coupons (优惠券) to customers. This makes online food orders more affordable than dining out. Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. A survey conducted in March 2020 revealed that about 67% of the 7,220 Chinese food delivery users surveyed cited laziness as the reason for ordering instead of dining out. In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. This rapid growth not only reflects the convenience-driven demands of modern life but also showcases the innovation of the food service sector. As such, food delivery is sure to remain an important aspect of Chinese dining habits. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．（24-25高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．（25-26高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 100. Fighting Cyberbullying (网络欺凌) If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, deal with the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says if you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied. You can ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. And most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is settled promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional harm and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $