2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册期中复习讲义 名词所有格（'s 与 of 结构）

译林版·七年级英语下册期中复习 ——名词所有格（'s 与 of 结构） 名词所有格表示“所属关系”，译林版七下Unit 1《Dream homes》中多次出现，如 my father's car, the name of the school 等。期中考试常以单选、填空、翻译和改错题形式考查。本讲系统讲解's所有格、of所有格以及双重所有格的用法规则，并通过分层练习确保学生熟练掌握。 一、名词所有格的两种基本形式 英语中名词所有格主要有两种：一种是加's（主要用于有生命的名词），另一种是用of结构（主要用于无生命的名词）。另外还有双重所有格（of + 's）表示部分所属关系。 类型 构成方法 示例 适用对象 's所有格 单数名词 + 's my brother's bike Tom's mother 有生命的名词 （人、动物、某些时间/距离） 以s结尾的复数名词 + ' the students' books my parents' room 不以s结尾的复数名词 + 's children's Day men's clothes of所有格 名词 + of + 名词 the name of the school the window of the room 无生命的名词 二、's所有格详细规则 1. 单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词：直接在词尾加 's。例如：the girl's name (那个女孩的名字)，women's hospital (妇女医院)。 2. 以s结尾的复数名词：只加 '。例如：the teachers' office (老师们的办公室)，my friends' hobbies (我朋友们的爱好)。 3. 以s结尾的单数名词（专有名词）：可以加 's 或只加 '。例如：James's car 或 James' car。 4. 并列所有格：表示共同拥有时，在最后一个名词后加's；表示各自拥有时，在每个名词后加's。例如：Lucy and Lily's room (两人共有的房间)，Lucy's and Lily's rooms (两人各自的房间)。 对比区分： • Tom and Jack's father (汤姆和杰克的父亲，两人共同的父亲) • Tom's and Jack's fathers (汤姆的父亲和杰克的父亲，各自的父亲) 三、of所有格详细规则 of所有格一般用于无生命的事物，结构为“名词 + of + 名词”，翻译时从后往前译。例如：the color of the car (汽车的颜色)，the top of the mountain (山顶)。有时有生命的名词也可能用of结构，尤其是当名词后面有较长修饰语时：the name of the boy in red (穿红衣服男孩的名字)。 四、双重所有格（of + 's） 双重所有格表示“某人的一个……”，结构为“a/an/this/that + 名词 + of + 名词's”。例如：a friend of my father's (我父亲的一个朋友)，a book of mine (我的一本书)。注意：不能说 a friend of my father (缺少's)。 ⚠️ 易错点：双重所有格中，of后面必须跟名词性物主代词或's所有格。例如：a pen of hers (她的一支笔)，a classmate of Tom's (汤姆的一个同学)。 五、名词所有格的特殊用法 1. 表示时间、距离、重量、价格：常用's所有格。例如：today's newspaper (今天的报纸)，two hours' walk (两小时的路程)，ten dollars' value (十美元的价值)。 2. 表示国家、城市、组织：可用's所有格。例如：China's population (中国的人口)，Beijing's weather (北京的天气)。 3. 名词所有格后名词可省略：避免重复。例如：This is my bike, not my brother's. (此处 brother's 后省略了 bike) 典型例题 1. (单选) — Is this _______ bike? — No, it's _______. A. Tom's; my B. Tom; me C. Tom's; mine D. Tom; my 2. (填空) The ________ (child) toys are all over the floor. 3. (改错) This is a photo of my father. (想表达“这是我父亲的一张照片”但意思有歧义，请改正) 改正：This is a photo of my father's. (双重所有格) 4. (翻译) 教室的门是白色的。 ________________________________________________ 5. (填空) These are ________ (Lucy and Lily) room. They share it together. 分层实战演练 A组 · 用所给名词的适当所有格形式填空 1. This is ________ (Tom) schoolbag. His name is on it. 2. ________ (Children) Day is on 1st June. 3. My ________ (parents) car is black. They bought it last year. 4. The ________ (women) club is over there. 5. It's about ten ________ (minute) walk from my home to school. 6. ________ (Tom and Jerry) room is very tidy. (两人共有一间房) 7. ________ (Tom) and ________ (Jerry) rooms are both on the second floor. (两人各有自己的房间) 8. I'm going to buy some ________ (apple) juice. 9. The ________ (boss) office is on the top floor. 10. This is a friend of ________ (my). She is from Shanghai. B组 · 单项选择 1. — Whose bike is this? — It's ________. A. my sister B. my sister's C. my sisters D. my sisters' 2. The ________ hospital is near the park. A. child's B. children's C. childrens' D. children 3. — How far is your home from school? — It's about ________ walk. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minute's D. ten minutes' 4. This is ________ bedroom. They share it. A. Lily and Lucy's B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily and Lucy D. Lily's and Lucy 5. The ________ name is on the desk. He forgot to take it. A. student B. student's C. students D. students' 6. I met a friend of ________ on my way home. A. my father B. my father's C. my fathers D. my fathers' 7. ________ room is big and bright. A. Tom and Jack B. Tom's and Jack's C. Tom and Jack's D. Tom's and Jack 8. The door of the classroom ________ white. A. is B. are C. am D. be C组 · 根据汉语提示完成句子（每空一词） 1. 这是汤姆的电脑。 This is ________ computer. 2. 教室的窗户是明亮的。 The ________ ________ the classroom is bright. 3. 今天的气温很高。 ________ temperature is very high. 4. 那些是学生们的书。 Those are the ________ ________. 5. 我妈妈的一个朋友要来。 A friend of ________ ________ is coming. 6. 儿童节是孩子们最喜欢的节日。 ________ Day is children's favourite festival. D组 · 句型转换（改为同义句） 1. This is my sister's schoolbag. This schoolbag is ________ ________. 2. The color of the car is red. The ________ ________ is red. 3. Lucy and Lily share a bedroom. (改为所有格形式) This is ________ ________ ________ bedroom. 4. That is Tom's pen. (改为复数句) Those are ________pens. 5. I have a book. Its cover is blue. (合并为一句) The ________ of ________ book is blue. E组 · 短文填空（用所给名词的适当所有格形式填空） Hello, I'm Li Hua. Welcome to my home. This is my ________ (1) (parents) room. It's big and clean. Next to it is my ________ (2) (brother) room. He is a student. His ________ (3) (desk) color is blue. This is ________ (4) (Tom) room? No, Tom is my pet dog. ________ (5) (Tom) house is in the yard. Today is ________ (6) (Children) Day. My parents are going to take me to the ________ (7) (city) new museum. It's about twenty ________ (8) (minute) drive from here. I also want to buy a gift for one of my ________ (9) (friend) mother. She is a nice woman. 参考答案 典型例题： 1. C 2. children's 3. This is a photo of my father's. 4. The door of the classroom is white. 5. Lucy and Lily's A组填空： 1. Tom's 2. Children's 3. parents' 4. women's 5. minutes' 6. Tom and Jerry's 7. Tom's; Jerry's 8. apple 9. boss's / boss' 10. mine B组单选： 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A C组完成句子： 1. Tom's 2. window of 3. Today's 4. students' books 5. my mother's 6. Children's D组句型转换： 1. my sister's 2. car's color 3. Lucy and Lily's 4. Tom's 5. cover; my E组短文填空： 1. parents' 2. brother's 3. desk's 4. Tom's 5. Tom's 6. Children's 7. city's 8. minutes' 9. friends' 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $