2025-2026学年译林版七年级英语下册期中复习讲义 have、has 与 there be 的对比
译林版·七年级英语下册期中复习
——have/has 与 there be 的对比
have/has 和 there be 都表示“有”,但用法不同。have/has 表示“拥有”(所属关系),主语通常是人或物;there be 表示“存在”(某地有某物/人),主语是地点。译林版七下Unit 1和Unit 3中均有涉及,期中考试常以单选、填空和改错题形式考查。本讲系统讲解两者的区别及常见错误,并通过分层练习确保学生准确掌握。
一、have / has 的基本用法
have/has 表示“某人或某物拥有……”,强调所属关系。主语通常是具体的人、动物或组织。第三人称单数主语用 has,其他人称用 have。
主语 | 肯定句 | 否定句 | 一般疑问句 |
I / You / We / They | have | don't have | Do ... have? |
He / She / It / 单数名词 | has | doesn't have | Does ... have? |
例句:I have a new bike. / She has long hair. / They don't have any pets. / Does he have a sister?
二、there be 句型的基本用法
there be 表示“某地存在某物/人”,强调存在。be 动词的单复数由后面的第一个名词决定(就近原则)。
结构 | 肯定句 | 否定句 | 一般疑问句 |
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There is + 单数名词/不可数名词 | There is a book. | There isn't a book. | Is there a book? |
There are + 复数名词 | There are two books. | There aren't any books. | Are there any books? |
例句:There is a garden behind my house. / There are many students in the classroom.
三、have/has 与 there be 的核心区别
项目 | have/has | there be |
含义 | “拥有”(所属关系) | “存在”(某地有) |
主语 | 通常是人、动物、组织 | 通常是地点(或没有实际主语) |
常见结构 | 主语 + have/has + 宾语 | There + be + 名词 + 地点状语 |
否定 | don't have / doesn't have | isn't / aren't / there be no |
疑问 | Do/Does + 主语 + have? | Is/Are + there? |
典型例句 | I have a car. (我有一辆车) | There is a car in the yard. (院子里有一辆车) |
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常见错误:
• 误:There has a book on the desk. 正:There is a book on the desk.
• 误:The room has a big window. 正:There is a big window in the room. (也可说 The room has a big window. 但要注意:房间“拥有”窗户在英语中有时可以接受,但考试中更强调“存在”用there be。规范用法:表示某物特征时可用have,如 The house has a red door.)
• 误:I have a pen in my bag. 正:There is a pen in my bag. (强调存在,但I have a pen in my bag语法上也正确,只是更强调“我拥有”) 考试中要根据语境选择。
四、have/has 表示“某物本身具有某特征”
当主语是物时,have/has 可以表示“某物本身具有……特征”,这时不能用 there be 替换。例如:The car has four wheels. (这辆车有四个轮子) / This book has 200 pages. (这本书有200页)
五、there be 与 have 的混用禁忌
there be 和 have 不能同时出现在一个简单句中。错误:There have a book on the desk. 正确:There is a book on the desk. / I have a book. 另外,there be 的将来时是 there will be,不能写成 there will have。
📝 典型例题(答案与题目已逐题核对)
1. (单选) There ________ a lot of rain in summer here.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2. (填空) My sister ________ (have) a new computer. It's very fast.
3. (改错) There has an interesting book on the shelf. (找出错误并改
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