主题群3 历史、社会与文化-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮创新示范卷（人教版）

[第二部分》主题语境专项卷 主题：人与社会 主题群3 历史、社会与文化 I. .阅读理解 A Social mediais welcominganew self-care practice：bed rotting(床 腐) . Creators say the trend， which involves lazing in bed for hours to days at a time but not sleeping， can help with mental health. But while it can be energizing to take a rest day every once in a while， experts warn that staying bedridden for too long can be harmful to your physical and mental health. During bed rotting， the“rotter”replaces productive activities with aimless activities like phone scrolling(滚屏) ， watching TV shows and soon. This trend is most popular among young people who may feel extremely worn-out from work and oth- er demands. In today's fast-paced world， enthusiasts say bed rotting is a way to let your body and mind recharge from commitments and responsibilities. And mental health experts agree to an ex- tent.“Taking a day of f or even a weekend from the world and staying in bed can be rejuvenating for some， ”says Dr. Andrea Papa-Molter， the chief medical officer at Advantage Behavioral Health in Laurel Springs， New Jersey.“For most people it is a form of self-care and away of re- gaining energy after a tiring day of work and is safe for short periods of time.” “While a quick bed rotting session may provide temporary comfort for escape for some， staying in bed all day for multiple days may cause negative consequences. Humans need exercise， vitamin D from the sun， as well as socialization to survive.”Papa-Molter says， “It becomes harmful when someone avoids contact with others， which can cause feelings of being separated， and what's worse， depression and anxiety.” Dr. David Cutler， a family medicine physician at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica， says， “People who are feeling so emotionally worn-out that they can't engage in their usual activities need to see a mental health professional.”Having tiredness after a long day or week is normal， but if it is influencing your work and social life， then it is a good idea to talk to a psychologist who can help you get to the root cause of your bed rotting and learn new coping skills. 1.What can we know concerning bed rotting from Paragraph 1? A.Bed rotters sleep a lot. B.Bed rotting harms health. C.Bed rotters hate screen time. D.Bed rotting inspires creativity. 2.What does the underlined word“rejuvenating”in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Harmful. B.Green. C.Refreshing. D.Charming. 3.What can be concluded from Papa-Molter'swords in Paragraph 3? A.A little is enough but more proves better. B.Separation gains no wisdom from others. C.The good and the bad are interchangeable.D.One finds peace alone but trouble in groups. 4.What is the suggestion given by David Cutler? A.Upgrading social skills. B.Turning to psychologists. C.Doing physical examinations. D.Engaging in emotional actions. -65 B Many people will not try acupuncture(针灸) because they are afraid that the needles will hurt or the experience will be unpleasant. This is really a pity， as acupuncture has the capacity to effectively treat a variety of health conditions that typically do not respond to other forms of action. In my practice， I have used acupuncture to treat both children and adults. In fact， I have done full acupuncture treatments on kids as young as 4， including needling points on the face， hands， and feet. Even patients of this age typically do not experience any discomfort that lasts for more than a second or two. The truth of the matter is that nobody really likes needles. We generally dislike them be cause of the injury involved in getting shots and other procedures using needles. It is always amusing when a new patient comes in and， in at one that suggests their situation is truly unique， admits， “Id on't like needles.”Most new patients say like that， yet they are often very surprised tC find how pleasant the treatment actually is， even though it involves needles. There are times when you can feel an insertion prick(刺痛) with the needles that lasts for a couple of seconds. You can also feel a nervy sensation that radiates through the area being worked on for a brief period of time. Other sensations include a dull a chiness or pressure around the needles. Many traditional Chinese doctors use a more aggressive style of needling that involves strong stimulation and thick needles. I have found this to be a turnoff for many Westerners， since excellent results can be achieved by using thin needles， which won't cause strong sensa tions around the needles. If you are interested in acupuncture but are hesitant to try it because of the potential pain in volved in treatment， I encourage you to move through that fear， as you will likely find a cup unc- lear， a s o wi h ture to be a pleasant， gentle， and very effective form of treatment for your health care needs. 5.Why are many people unwilling to try acupuncture? A.It is n't widely applicable. B.It may cause discomfort. C.It will last quite along time. D.Its effects don't get proved. 6.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A.The patients always think their fear of needles is reasonable. B.The acupuncture treatment is well received initially by most patients. C.The patients are usually surprised by the actual effect of acupuncture. D.The acupuncture treatment involves the same procedures as getting shots. 7.Which can best replace the underlined word“turnoff”in Paragraph 5? A.Challenge. B.Hobby. C.Inspiration. D.Memory. 8.What's the author's attitude toward acupuncture? A.Doubtful. B.Unclear. C.Worried. D.Favorable. There are functioning steam railways in other countries：tourists in France can go for a ride in Brittany； so can visitors travelling to the Dandenong Ranges in Australia.But no other coun- try has a heritage railway sector anywhere near as energetic as the UK's， where more than 170 services cross around 600 miles of track and call at 460 stations. Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales， in 1951， a fictional Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children's television serial Ivor the Engine. On line s originally built for slate quarries(石板采石场) ， north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways， but they exist in all four nations of the UK， typically operating seasonal timetables in tourist areas. These railways are living museums with stations decorated in period style. Some staff wear costumes too. —66 Up to 95%of the 18.5m journeys on heritage railways each year are taken by domestic tour- ists. They owe their popularity to a combination of nostalgia(怀旧) ， enjoyment of the country side and enthusiasm for the old engines. Railways are expensive to run， and the first steam preservation enthusiasts recognised that they would need volunteers to make their dream of a revival come true. This reliance on volun- teers is partly due to cuts in budgets from local authorities and other funders. But heritage rail- ways are a good example of what can be achieved by a combined paid and voluntary workforce. As well as the economic contribution that the railways make to rural areas， there is evidence that volunteering can have beneficial effects on people as well. The railways will need to respond， like the rest of the society， to environmental policies. The destructive impact of greenhouse gases is an obvious challenge to a sector that trades on an image of coal-powered transport. Electric railway engines are being used for maintenance， to bring emissions down， and some railways are active in wildlife conservation. There will need to be further adaptation down the line. That the railways don't stand still has always been part of their appeal especially on rainy days in the summer holidays. 9.How are the UK's steam railways different from other countries? A.They are active across the countries. B.They serve as tourist attractions. C.They are mainly powered by steam. D.They use small amounts of energy. 10.Why does the author mention Ivor the Engine? A.To spread knowledge of the classic serial. B.To introduce the origin of steam engines. C.To show the popularity of steam railways. D.To share a childhood memory of travelling. 11.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A.Volunteers help to keep heritage railways alive. B.Economic growth depends on individual efforts. C.People can't afford to travel by heritage railway. D.Local officials don't use old means of transport. 12.What is the author's attitude towards heritage railways? A.In different. B.Doubtful. C.Appreciative. D.Negative. .完形填空 When I first set foot on Mexican soil， I spoke 1.A.distant B.immediate Spanish well. So when I asked a local ice-cream sell- C.vague D.confusing er for a n ice-cream， and he said “a horita， ”which di 2.A.anger B.curiosity rectly translates to“right now”， I took him a t his C.confusion D.astonishment word， believing that its arrival was 1. Is at near his shop and waited. Half an hour 3.A.discouraged B.awkward passed and still no ice-cream arrived， so I asked C.torn D.annoyed again about it， “a horita， ” he told me again. His face was 4.A.conveyed B.delivered a mix of 2 and maybe even embarrassment. C.reserved D.restricted I was 3 . Waiting longer was n't pleasant， 5.A.rush B.call but I felt it was impolite to walk away， especially if the ice-cream was now being 4 just for me. But C.resolution D.requirement finally， after waiting too long， I made a(an) 5 6.A.waved B.signaled for nearest bus to take me home. As I left， I 6 C.screamed D.smiled —67 at my wrist and shrugged to the ice-cream seller. 7.A.Completely B.Significantly 7 Icouldn't wait any longer and it really was n't C.Unhappily D.Obviously my fault. His face was， once again， one of the total 8.A.faded B.arose confusion. This experience 8 from my memory until C.emerged D.accumulated years later when I came back to live in Mexico. I 9.A.interest B.insight discovered that understanding“a horita”took not a fluency in the language， but rather a(n) 9 in C.exploration D.fluency the culture. When someone from Mexico says 10.A.literally B.seriously “a horita”， it should almost never be taken 10 C.deeply D.strongly its meaning changes greatly with 11 . As a l in- gui st told me， “A horita could mean tomorrow， in an 11.A.intention B.character hour， within five years or never.”It is even used as C.culture D.context a polite way of saying“no， thanks”when 12 an 12.A.rejecting B.injecting offer. Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call C.giving D.accepting “A horita Time”is a 13 of different cultural un 13.A.mixture B.secret der standings of time. Since I moved to Mexico， my C.reflection D.preparation attitude towards time has changed dramatically. I don't worry so much about being late； I am general- 14.A.arguments B.appointments ly still on time for 14 ， but when Im not， Id on't C.amusements D.statements feel 15 . Ironically， it would seem that“A horita 15.A.dizzy B.isolated Time”， has actually allowed me to live far more in the“right now”than I ever did before. C.panicked D.satisfied .语法填空 As is universally acknowledged， the Chinese language boasts 1. long-established and far-reaching history. What makes Chinese language particularly 2.(fascinate) is its written form. Chinese characters are the only pictorial written form in modern times， many of 3. have stories behind them. Not only are Chinese characters rich 4. symbol- is m but also they are amazingly beautiful when 5.(pen) with a brush in the traditional way. Known as Hanzi， Chinese characters are the oldest continuously used writing system. 6.(date) back to as far as the Shang Dynasty， when they were inscribed(刻) on oracle bones， Chinese characters strongly witness their time-honored history. Chinese characters have been used through a unified system throughout China's history. One advantage of using the system is that people who speak different dialects can understand each other's writing and thus the mutual 7. (communicate) can go on smoothly. Differ ent as pronunciation marks are， Chinese characters 8.(use) previously and presently are still being used in other languages such as Japanese， Korean and Vietnamese， indicating they have been working 9. (influence) . With China playing an increasingly important role in the world， Chinese characters are being globally learned due to the fact that the international community have realized 10. great importance it is to speak Chinese language fluently and write Chinese characters beautifully. —68 参考 6.that [考查定语从句。句意：现实如此残酷， 他希望 所发生的一切都是不真实的。先行词是 everything (不定代词)，且在从句中作主语，当定语从句的先行 词是不定代词且从句缺主语或宾语时，定语从句只能 由that引导。故填that。] 7.from [考查固定短语。句意：哲学家庄子梦想成为 一只蝴蝶， 不能区分梦境和现实。固定短语 distin- guish A from B意为：区分A和B。故填from。] 8.be seen [考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：古代皇 帝王成了布谷鸟，总是哭泣；美人鱼的眼泪变成了珍 珠，蓝田县的玉雾可以在阳光下被看到。空处在句中 为谓语， 结合空前“vapor of jade from L anti an County can”可知， 蓝田县的玉雾应该是被看到， 所以此处用 被动语态， 所以填be seen， 故填be seen。] 9.stories [考查名词复数。句意：事实上， 李所选择的 四个故事表明了他对自己生活的不满。结合空前 four可知， 此处用名词复数stories， 故填 stories。] 10.directly [考查副词。句意：最后， 诗人直接表达了 他的观点。副词修饰动词， 结合空后expresses可知， 此处用副词directly， 故填 directly。] 主题群3 历史、社会与文化 A.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“床腐” 的定义、流行原因、可能的影响以及专家的建议。 1.B [细节理解题。根据第一段“But while it can be energizing to take a rest day every once in a while， ex perts warn that staying bedridden for too long can be harmful to your physical and mental health.(虽然每 隔一段时间休息一天会让你精力充沛，但专家警告 说，长时间卧床可能会对你的身心健康有害。)”可知， 床腐危害健康。] 2.C [词句猜测题。根据第二段“In today's fast-paced world， enthusiasts say bed rotting is away to let your body and mind recharge from commitments and re sponsibilities. And mental health experts agree —to an extent.(在当今这个快节奏的世界里， 热衷者说， 床腐是一种让你的身体和精神从奉献和责任中恢复 活力的方式。心理健康专家在一定程度上同意这一 观点。) ”以及划线词上文“Taking a day of f or even a weekend from the world and staying in bed can be”可 知，心理健康专家同意床腐是一种让你的身体和精神 从奉献和责任中恢复活力的方式，说明对于一些人来 说，远离世界一天，甚至一个周末，躺在床上可以令人 精神焕发。故“rejuvenating”在这里的意思是“令人精 神焕发的”。] 3.C [推理判断题。根据第三段“While a quick bed- rotting session may provide temporary comfort for es cape for some， staying in bed all day for multiple days may cause negative consequences， Humans need exer cise， vitamin D from the sun， as well as socialization to survive.’Papa-Molter says， ‘It becomes harmful when someone avoids contact with others， which can cause feelings of being separated， and what's worse， depression and anxiety.'(虽然对一些人来说， 快速 的床腐期可能会为逃避提供暂时的安慰，但整天躺在 床上几天可能会导致负面后果。人类需要锻炼，从太 阳中获取维生素D， 以及社交才能生存。”Papa-Molter 说：当一个人避免与他人接触时，这会变得有害，这 答案 答案 会导致被分离的感觉，更糟糕的是，会导致抑郁和焦 虑。”)”可知，床腐有好有坏，两者是可以相互转换的， 即好处和坏处是可以互换的。] 4.B [细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr. David Cutler， a family medicine physician at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica， says， ‘People who are feeling so emotionally worn-out that they can't en- gage in their usual activities need to see a mental health professional.'(圣莫尼卡普罗维登斯圣约翰健 康中心的家庭医学医生大卫·卡特勒博士说：·那些 感觉情绪疲惫到无法参与日常活动的人需要去看心 理健康专家。”)”可知 ，I David Cutler建议那些感到情 绪极度疲惫的人去看心理健康专家，即求助于心理 学家。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述了 人们不愿意尝试针灸的原因并鼓励人们克服对针灸的 恐惧，呼吁他们尝试针灸，体验其温和、有效的治疗 方法。 5.B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many people will not try acupuncture(针灸) because they are afraid that the needles will hurt or the experience will be un- pleasant.(许多人不愿意尝试针灸， 因为他们害怕针 会痛，或者不愉快的经历。)”可知，很多人不愿意尝试 针灸是因为可能会引起不适。] 6.C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Most new pa- tients say like that， yet they are often very surprised to find how pleasant the treatment actually is， even though it involves needles.(大多数新患者都是这么 说的，但他们往往会惊讶地发现，即使需要扎针，这种 治疗实际上是多么令人愉快。)”可知，大多数新病人 说不喜欢针，但又对实际上愉快的治疗感到惊讶。] 7.A [词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“since excellent results can be achieved by using thin needles， which won't cause strong sensations around the needles.(因 为使用细针可以达到很好的效果，针周围不会有强烈 的感觉。)”可知，不用造成强烈的针感也能取得很好 的效果，说明这种强烈刺激的针法不太被西方人接 受， 对他们来说是一种挑战。所以划线词 turnoff为 “挑战”之意。] 8.D [推理判断题。根据最好一段“If you are interest- interest ed in acupuncture but are hesitant to try it because of the potential pain involved in treatment， I encourage you to move through that fear， as you will likely find acupuncture to be a pleasant， gentle， and very effec- tive form of treatment for your health care needs.(如 果你对针灸感兴趣，但由于治疗过程中潜在的疼痛而 犹豫不决，我鼓励你克服这种恐惧，因为你可能会发 现针灸是一种愉快、温和、非常有效的治疗方式，可以 满足你的医疗需求。)”及全文可知，文章作者介绍了 针灸的效果，并在最后鼓励人们尝试。由此推断，作 者支持针灸。] C.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了其他国 家也有运营的蒸汽铁路，但英国的遗产铁路业最为活 跃。这些铁路不仅是旅游热点，还承载着怀旧情感和对 老式机车的热爱。它们依赖志愿者和付费员工的共同 努力来维持运营，并对乡村经济做出贡献。同时，铁路 部门也在积极适应环境政策，减少排放，参与野生动物 保护，展现出不断进取的精神。 - 43 英 9.A [细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But no other country has a heritage railway sector anywhere near as energetic as the UK's， where more than 170 serv ices cross around 600 miles of track and call at 460 stations.(但没有一个国家的遗产铁路业能与英国相 提并论，英国拥有超过170项服务，跨越约600英里的 轨道，途经460个车站。)”可知，英国的蒸汽铁路在全 国都很活跃。] 10.C [推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales， in 1951， a fictional Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children's television serial Ivor the Engine. On line s originally built for slate quarries(石板采石场) ， north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways(1951年， 威尔士 北部塔尔利林的第一条此类铁路开通后仅几年，一部 以虚构的威尔士蒸汽机车为主角的儿童电视连续剧 Ivor the Engine便问世了。在原本为石板采石场修 建的铁路线上，威尔士北部至今仍拥有规模最大的蒸 汽铁路群) ”可推知， 作者提到Ivor the Engine 是为了 展示蒸汽铁路的受欢迎程度。] 11.A [推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Railways are expensive to run， and the first steam preservation en thus i asts recognised that they would need volunteers to make their dream of a revival come true. This reli ance on volunteers is partly due to cuts in budgets from local authorities and other funders.(铁路运营成 本高昂，而早期的蒸汽机车保护爱好者们认识到，要 实现复兴的梦想，他们需要志愿者。这种对志愿者的 依赖部分原因是地方当局和其他资助者削减了预 算。)”可推知，志愿者帮助保持遗产铁路的活力。] 12.C [推理判断题。根据文章第二段“These railways are living museums with stations decorated in period style.(这些铁路是活生生的博物馆， 车站装饰着时代 风格。) ”和文章最后一段“Electric railway engines are being used for maintenance， to bring emissions down， and some railways are active in wildlife conservation. There will need to be further adaptation down the line.(电动铁路机车正被用于维护工作以减少排放， 一些铁路公司也在积极参与野生动物保护。未来还 需要沿着这一方向进行更多的适应性调整。)”可推 知，作者对遗产铁路持有赞赏的态度。] .完形填空 「语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在 墨西哥时因不懂“a horita”的含义而空等冰淇淋， 多年后 发现“a horita”含义非常丰富， 这一语言的用法反映不同 文化对时间理解的差异，也改变了作者对时间的态度。 1.B [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我向当地 的冰淇淋小贩要冰淇淋时， 他说“a horita”， 直接翻译 过来就是“马上”，我相信了他的话，以为冰淇淋立即 就会到。A. distant 遥远的； B. immediate 立即的； C.vague模糊的； D.confusing令人困惑的。根据上文 and he said‘a horita， ’which directly translates to right now'， I took him a t his word”可知， 作者把小 贩说的“a horita”理解为“马上”， 相信了他的话， 因此 指以为冰淇淋立即就会到。] 2.C [考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上混杂着困 惑， 甚至可能是尴尬。A.anger愤怒； B.curiosity好奇 答案 语 心； C.confusion 困惑； D.astonishment 惊讶。根据下 文“His face was， once again， one of the total confu- sion.”可知， 此时小贩的脸上混杂着困惑， 甚至可能是 尴尬。] 3.C [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很犹豫不定。 A.discouraged气馁的； B.awkward尴尬的； C.torn犹 豫不定的； D. annoyed恼怒的。根据下文“Waiting longer was n't pleasant， but I felt it was impolite to walkaway”可知， 长时间的等待并不愉快， 但作者觉 得走开是不礼貌的，因此指犹豫不定。] 4.B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：长时间的等待并不愉 快，但我觉得走开是不礼貌的，尤其是现在冰淇淋是 专门为我送的。 A.cC on veyed传达； B.delivered递送； C.reserved保留； D.restricted限制。根据上文 $$" S _ { O }$$ when I asked a local ice-cream seller for a nice-c rea am” 可知，作者向小贩要了一份冰淇淋，因此指现在冰淇 淋是专门为作者送的。] 5.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最后，在等了太长 时间之后， 我匆忙去找最近的公共汽车回家。A.rush 匆忙； B.call呼叫； C.resolution决心； D.requirement 要求。根据上文“after waiting too long”可知， 作者等 了太长时间， 再结合下文“for nearest bus to take me home”可推知， 因为花了太多时间等待， 作者最后匆忙 去找最近的公共汽车回家， 短语make a rush意为“匆 忙行动”。] 6.B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开时，我用手腕打 了个手势， 对卖冰淇淋的人耸了耸肩。A.waved 挥 手； B.signaled示意； C. screamed尖叫； D. smiled 微 笑。根据下文“at my wrist and shrugged to the ice- cream seller”可推知， 作者是通过肢体语言向卖冰淇 淋的人传达自己的意思，是用手腕打了个手势。] 7.D [考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，我不能再等了， 这真的不是我的错。A.Completely完全地； B.Sign if- icantly显著地； C.Unhappily不开心地； D. Obviously 明显地。根据上文叙述的作者等了很长时间的冰淇 淋，但一直没有拿到，最后得回家了，以及下文“I couldn't wait any longer and it really was n't my fault.”可推知， 作者想表示显然自己无法再等下去。] 8.A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段经历逐渐从我的 记忆中消失，直到多年后我回到墨西哥生活。 A.fa- ded逐渐消失； B.arose出现； C.emerged浮现； D.ac- cumulated积累。根据下文“from my memory until years later when I came back to live in Mexico”可推 知，作者逐渐忘了这段经历，后来再回到墨西哥生活， 才想起来这件事。] 9.D [考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现理解“a horita” 并不需要流利的语言，而是需要流利的文化。A.in- terest兴趣； B.insight洞察力； C.exploration探索； D.fluency 流利。根据下文“As a linguist told me， ‘A horita could mean tomorrow， in an hour， within five years or never.'It is even used as a polite way of saying‘no， thanks'when 12 an offer.”可知， 墨 西哥人所说的“a horita”有着非常丰富的含义， 理解其 含义需要流利的文化，即对文化非常了解。] 10.A [考查副词词义辨析。句意：当墨西哥人说 “a horita”时， 几乎不应该从字面上理解； 它的意思随 着上下文的不同而变化很大。A.literally字面地； B.seriously严肃地； C.deeply深深地； D.strongly强 参考 烈地。根据下文“its meaning changes greatly”可知， 它的意思变化很大，因此是不应该从字面上理解，短 语take s th. literally意为“按照字面去理解”。] 11.D [考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.intention 意图； B.character 性格； C.culture文化； D.context语 境。根据下文“As a linguist told me， ‘A horita could mean tomorrow， in an hour， within five years or nev er.””可知， 墨西哥人所说的“a horita 有着非常丰富的 含义，由此推知，它的意思随着语境的不同而变化 很大。] 12. A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：它甚至被用作拒绝 邀请时表示“不， 谢谢”的礼貌方式。A.rejecting拒 绝； B.injecting注射； C.giving给予； D. accepting 接 受。根据上文“a polite way of saying‘no， thanks” 可推知，这是在拒绝邀请时表示“不，谢谢”的礼貌 方式。] 13.C [考查名词词义辨析。句意：解释我所谓的 *A horita Time”的困难反映了不同文化对时间的理 解。A.mixture 混合物； B.secret 秘密； C.reflection 反射； 反映； D.preparation准备。根据上文“Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call‘A horita Time””和下文“of different cultural understandings of time”可推知， 语言和文化紧密相关， 作者很难解释 “A horita Time 是因为不同文化对时间有不同的理 解，即这种困难反映了这种理解上的差异。] 14.B [考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不太担心迟到；我 通常还是会准时赴约，但当我不能准时赴约时，我也 不会感到恐慌。A.arguments争论； B.appointments 约定； C.amusements娱乐； D.statements陈述。根据 上文“Id on't worry so much about being late； I am generally still on time for”可推知， 此处是指和时间相 关的约定行为，作者通常还是会准时赴约。] 15.C [考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.dizzy头 晕的； B.isolated孤立的； C.panicked恐慌的； D. sat is fied满意的。根据上文“Id on't worry so much about being late”可知， 作者不太担心迟到， 因此在不能准时 的时候，也不会感到恐慌。] 1. .语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了汉 字的历史、特点及全球影响力。 1.a [考查冠词。句意：众所周知，汉语有着悠久而深 远的历史。此处泛指“一段悠久而深远的历史”，且 long-established是发音以辅音音素开头的单词， 应用 不定冠词 $$a _ { n }$$ 故填 $$a _ { 0 } \right]$$ 2.fascinating [考查形容词。句意：汉语特别吸引人的 是它的书写形式。空处需用形容词作宾语补足语， fascinate的形容词fascinating“迷人的， 吸引人的”， 用 于修饰物。故填 fascinating。 3.which [考查定语从句。句意：汉字是现代唯一的一 种图画文字，其中许多汉字背后都有故事。空处引导 非限制性定语从句， 先行词是Chinese characters， 指 物，关系词在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，所以空处需用 关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。] 答案 答案 4.in [考查介词。句意：汉字不仅富有象征意义，而且 用传统的方式用毛笔书写时也非常漂亮。be rich in.. .“在……方面丰富”，为固定短语。故填in。] 5.penned [考查状语从句省略。句意同上。when 引 导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从 句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，本句 的完整句子为when they are penned with a brush in the traditional way， 省略了 they are， 保留过去分词。 故填 penned。] 6.Dating [考查非谓语动词。句意：汉字可以追溯到商 代，当时它们被刻在甲骨上，汉字有力地见证了它们 悠久的历史。本句已有谓语witness， 所以空处需用非 谓语动词作状语， date back to“追溯到”， 无被动语态， 所以空处需用现在分词dating作状语， 句首单词首字 母需大写。故填Dating。] 7.communication [考查名词。句意：使用这个系统的 一个优点是，说不同方言的人可以理解彼此的书写， 从而使相互交流能够顺利进行。空处需用名词作主 语， communicate的名词为communication“交流”， 不 可数名词。故填communication。 8.used [考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管发音标记不同， 但以前和现在使用的汉字仍然被用于其他语言，如日 语、韩语和越南语，这表明它们一直在发挥作用。本 句已有谓语are being used， 所以空处需用非谓语动词 作后置定语修饰名词Chinese characters， use和该名 词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故 填used。] 9.influential ly y [考查副词。句意同上。空处需用副词 作状语修饰动词working， influence的副词为 influen- tia ally “有影响地”。故填influential ly。 .] 10.what [考查宾语从句。句意：随着中国在世界舞台 上扮演着越来越重要的角色，汉字正在全球范围内被 学习，因为国际社会已经意识到流利地说汉语和漂亮 地写汉字是多么重要。空处引导宾语从句，且从句为 感叹句， 修饰名词“importance”， 表示“多么”， 应用 what构成感叹句并引导该从句。故填what。 主题群4 科学与技术 I.阅读理解 A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了 折叠显微镜的发明、特点及其在科学教育中的应用和 影响。 1.D [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Eight-year-old S. Hari raj is a Fold scope devotee. He'suse d it to exam in e the milk from his family's cows. Though the milk looks creamy， the Fold scope reveals a world of micro- organisms.(八岁的S. Hari raj是折叠显微镜的忠实 爱好者。他曾用它来观察自家奶牛产的牛奶。虽然 牛奶看起来浓稠香醇，但折叠显微镜却揭示出一个微 生物的世界。) ”可知， 作者提到Hari raj是为了展示折 叠显微镜的实际应用。] 2.A [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Made from water- proof， tear-resistant paper， it comes in a small bag with parts that can be attached in minutes. Magnets (磁铁) hold it together， and a tiny lens(透镜) allows -45