精品解析：上海市松江区2025-2026学年4月高三总复习阶段模拟练习英语试卷

松江区2025学年高三总复习阶段模拟练习 高三英语 (满分115分，完卷时间105分钟) 2026.04 学生注意： 1．本练习设练习卷和答题纸两部分，练习卷包括题目与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在练习卷上一律不得分。 2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和学生编号。 3．答题纸与练习卷在题目编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finding Focus in a Distracted World It is really hard to prevent your mind from wandering. Most people remember ____1____ (tell) to stop daydreaming and focus at school; for adults, maintaining concentration remains a challenge. Therefore, there is necessity for us to understand the science behind focus and recognize the very strategies ____2____ can make a substantial difference. Scientists, after their exploration of ____3____ our brain’s concentration is enhanced, have uncovered practical strategies for staying “in the zone”. According to Science Focus, managing your environment is essential. Silence offers the best conditions for deep concentration. And gentle background noise, ____4____ coffee shop talking, also shows effectiveness in improving concentration. Furthermore, switching off instant messages or powering down smartphones ____5____ (remove) significant digital distractions and sharpens focus on immediate tasks. Besides environmental adjustments, another effective method involves mental training. Attention researcher Nilli Lavie from University College London has discovered that making tasks visually exhausting occupies more processing power, decreasing the possibility for distractions. And this discovery suggests that ____6____ (strengthen) our ability to maintain attention, we should train our mind to activate more processing power when facing tasks. More practical techniques are introduced to keep your mind ____7____ (concentrate) on what you are doing. Selecting a workspace free from temptation, creating a to-do list ranking tasks clearly, or even chewing gum proves beneficial. Research suggests chewing may occupy certain brain regions that are easily distracted, thus anchoring attention more effectively. These behavioral adjustments work wonderfully well respectively, and when combined, they can improve focus to a ____8____ (great) extent. Nevertheless, distraction is not entirely negative. Science Focus notes that constant, steady focus would cause us to overlook potential threats and other important environmental changes. In this sense, distraction serves an essential survival function. The key takeaway is balance: ____9____ we should apply strategies to improve concentration, we must recognize that a distraction-free state is neither realistic nor desirable. Ultimately, a balanced mental state, ____10____ that allows for both focused work and environmental awareness, remains the healthiest long-term approach. 【答案】1. being told 2. that 3. how 4. like##including 5. removes 6. to strengthen 7. concentrated 8. greater 9. while##although##though 10. one##something 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在分心的世界中保持专注的科学原理、实用策略，以及专注与分心之间的平衡的重要性。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数人记得在学校里被告诉要停止做白日梦，集中注意力；对于成年人来说，保持专注仍然是一项挑战。主语Most people与tell之间是被动关系，且remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”，所以用动名词的被动式being told。故填being told。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：因此，我们有必要了解专注背后的科学，并认识到那些能产生重大影响的策略。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为strategies，指物，且从句中缺少主语，the very修饰先行词时，定语从句引导词用that。故填that。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句引。句意：科学家们在探索我们大脑的专注力如何被提升之后，发现了保持“专注状态”的实用策略。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，结合句意，此处表示“如何提升专注力”，所以用连接副词how。故填how。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：而温和的背景噪音，比如咖啡馆里的交谈声，也被证明能有效提高专注力。空格所在完整句子为结合句意，此处是举例说明温和的背景噪音，介词like/including表示“比如、包括”，符合语境。故填like/including。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，关闭即时消息或关机可以消除明显的数字干扰，提高对当前任务的专注力。此处为谓语动词，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以用removes“消除”。故填removes。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一发现表明，为了提高我们保持注意力的能力，我们应该训练我们的大脑在面对任务时激活更多的处理能力。从句中已有谓语动词should train，此处用非谓语动词，表示“为了提高专注力”，所以用动词不定式。故填to strengthen。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：文中介绍了更多实用技巧，让你的注意力集中在你正在做的事情上。空处作宾语补足语，mind与concentrate之间是被动关系，指注意力被集中，所以用过去分词。故填concentrated。 【8题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这些行为调整各自都非常有效，当结合起来时，它们能在更大程度上提高专注力。结合句意，此处暗含“结合后比单独使用效果更好”的比较，所以用great“极大的”的比较级greater。故填greater。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：关键在于平衡：虽然我们应该运用策略来提高专注力，但我们必须认识到，完全不分心的状态既不现实也不可取。结合句意，前后句之间是转折关系，while/although/though均表示“虽然、尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故填while/although/though。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：最终，一种平衡的精神状态——一种既允许专注工作又能关注环境的状态——仍然是最健康的长期方法。此处作a balanced mental state的同位语，泛指“一种状态”，用one/something，后接that引导的定语从句，符合逻辑。故填one/something。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accomplish B. barely C. contrast D. decent E. demands F. harmony G. multiple H. otherwise I. rewards J. sources K. timely Why Are Photos Taken During Blue Hour? As a professional photographer, I’ve taken many of my favorite pictures at blue hour — the time of day before sunrise or after sunset when the atmosphere has a deep, dark blue color. Blue hour is not really an hour — its exact length depends on your location, time of year, and weather conditions. The important thing is that the sun is a (n) ____11____ way beneath the horizon so the sky has neither too many nor too few sunrise or sunset colors — mainly just blue. There are reasons why blue hour is so precious. First, not as many people take photos at blue hour compared to sunrise and sunset. This gives you the chance to capture appealing images at popular locations with limited or even zero crowds. Second, blue hour seizes certain emotions in the scenes that are ____12____ tricky to express. The color blue carries its own unique emotional expression: sadness, peace, and so on. If your photo ____13____ such emotional expression, it’s hard to ignore this time of day. Third, blue hour combines tones of a photo into an integrated whole. I once struggled to keep colors in my photos in ____14____ for the best possible results but failed. Fortunately, the magic power of blue hour helps to ____15____ that. Green trees, yellow flowers and red rocks all appear some kind of blue — ____16____ colors go along well in the images taken at that time. Fourth, there is possibility that other ____17____ of light, such as warm light from buildings, create an important circumstance when portions of your photo do not turn blue during the blue hour. In such a case, your photo has a beautiful orange-blue color ____18____ — a lovely flavor beyond its previous harmonious presence. However, there is usually only a brief window when the natural and artificial lights are about the same brightness, so a (n) ____19____ click of the camera button is the critical step to make for the most even exposure between them. In spite of the careful techniques and right settings the blue hour photography requires, it ____20____ you with great pictures. The emotions of blue hour do not work for each scene or photo, but when they do, you will be amazed. 【答案】11. D 12. H 13. E 14. F 15. A 16. G 17. J 18. C 19. K 20. I 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：作为专业摄影师，作者介绍了蓝调时刻适合拍照的原因，以及蓝调时刻摄影的注意事项和收获。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：重要的是，太阳刚好在地平线以下，所以天空中的日出或日落颜色既不太多也不太少——主要只是蓝色。空格处修饰way beneath the horizon，需要一个形容词，decent在这里作形容词可理解为“恰当的”，说明太阳刚好在地平线以下这个状态，符合语境。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：其次，蓝色时段捕捉到了场景中某些难以表达的情感。空格处修饰形容词“tricky”，“otherwise”作为副词，意思是“否则，要不然”，在这里表示这些情感“要不然”是难以表达的，即这些情感相当难以表达，符合语境。故选H项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你的照片需要这样的情感表达，就很难忽略一天中的这个时段。空格处为条件状语从句中的谓语动词，主语your photo代指单数名词，demands“需要；要求”为动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选E项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：我曾经努力让照片中的色彩保持和谐以达到最佳效果，却失败了。空格处为介词in的宾语，harmony“和谐”为名词，“keep...in harmony”是固定搭配，表示“使……保持和谐”，符合句意。故选F项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：幸运的是，蓝调时刻的神奇魔力有助于实现这一点。空格处为help to后的动词原形，accomplish“实现；完成”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：绿树、黄花和红岩都呈现出某种蓝色——多种颜色在此时拍摄的画面中十分协调。空格处为定语，修饰名词colors，multiple“多种的；多样的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：第四，有可能其他光源，如建筑物发出的暖光，在蓝色时段你的照片部分没有变成蓝色时，会创造一个重要的环境。空格处为介词of的宾语，sources意为“来源”，符合语境，表示其他光的来源。故选J项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，你的照片会呈现出美丽的橙蓝色彩对比——一种超越此前和谐感的美妙格调。空格处为句子宾语，contrast“对比；对照”为名词，color contrast意为“色彩对比”，符合句意。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，自然光与人造光亮度相当的时间通常很短暂，所以及时按下快门是让两者曝光最均匀的关键一步。空格处为定语，修饰名词click，timely“及时的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管蓝调时刻摄影需要精心的技巧和正确的设置，但它会用出色的照片回报你。空格处为句子谓语动词，主语it代指蓝调时刻摄影，rewards“奖励；回报”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Yale University have successfully developed a 3D bioprinting method that produces working artificial skin with full blood vessel (血管) networks. This represents an important step forward in making skin ____21____ that can successfully join with the body’s original system. Current medical choices for serious burn sufferers and patients with large wounds remain ____22____. One is self-donated skin transplants. While useful when they work, they may cause new wounds at the donation areas and are often restricted by how much healthy skin is available, which can be very ____23____ for patients with extensive burns. The other choice is the standard artificial skin product, usually made from animal skin. They act as short-term biological coverings that lack functional blood vessels and often meet immune (免疫的) system ____24____. This can cause tissue damage, and the eventual loss of the transplant. More advanced alternatives that can ____25____ human skin’s structure and function are in urgent need. ____26____, the research team uses a special bio-ink to reproduce the skin. They use skin cells from part of a baby’s body to constitute the ____27____. For the underlying layer, they use a mixture of cells from a baby’s blood from the birth cord (脐带) and a sticky substance from rat tails. After the layer-by-layer printing, the cells form detailed blood vessel networks similar to ____28____ blood vessels. Test results have shown outstanding success in animal studies, with artificial skin showing working blood vessels ____29____ the mice’s own blood flow within four weeks. This allows continuous blood flow between the original system and the ____30____ boosting survival and tissue development. Despite these ____31____ developments, a long journey lies ahead before medical use becomes possible. Researchers first need to develop fully ____32____ alternatives because the current use of animal skin risks immune reactions. ____33____, the technology requires further development to include important skin parts such as hair roots and feeling nerves. And skin color control, achievable ____34____ by adding color cells, needs experimental assessment to ensure steady and visually matching results across different patient groups. Though things like overcoming regulatory barriers pose equally critical challenges alongside technical development, the science community widely agrees that 3D bioprinting holds significant potential to ____35____ burn and wound care. 21. A. replacements B. boosters C. dressings D. infections 22. A. complicated B. tough C. unsatisfactory D. conscious 23. A. plentiful B. scarce C. meaningless D. confusing 24. A. recognition B. rejection C. tolerance D. ignorance 25. A. affect B. polish C. alter D. copy 26. A. To set an example B. To compare with this C. To address this D. To make it clear 27. A. edge B. surface C. tip D. structure 28. A. natural B. temporary C. available D. special 29. A. reacting against B. withdrawing from C. settling on D. integrating with 30. A. implant B. donor C. animal D. tissue 31. A. promising B. slight C. expensive D. elementary 32. A. government-funded B. mass-produced C. human-based D. lab-made 33. A. However B. Additionally C. Therefore D. Accordingly 34. A. on purpose B. at random C. by accident D. in theory 35. A. maintain B. transform C. publicize D. enrich 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是伦斯勒理工学院和耶鲁大学的研究人员成功开发出一种3D生物打印方法，可制造出带有完整血管网络的功能性人工皮肤，这标志着在制造能与人体原有系统成功结合的皮肤替代品方面取得重要进展。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这标志着在制造能够成功与人体原有系统结合的皮肤替代品方面向前迈出了重要一步。A. replacements替代品；B. boosters助推器；C. dressings敷料；D. infections感染。根据上文“a 3D bioprinting method that produces working artificial skin with full blood vessel (血管) networks”可知，一种 3D 生物打印技术能够制造出具有完整血管网络的可使用的人造皮肤，因此此处指制造能够成功与人体原有系统结合的皮肤替代品。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，对于严重烧伤患者和大面积伤口患者，医疗选择仍然不能令人满意。A. complicated复杂的；B. tough艰难的；C. unsatisfactory不能令人满意的；D. conscious有意识的。根据后文“One is self-donated skin transplants. While useful when they work, they may cause new wounds at the donation areas and are often restricted by how much healthy skin is available”和“The other choice is the standard artificial skin product, usually made from animal skin. They act as short-term biological coverings that lack functional blood vessels”对两种医疗选择的描述可知，目前的医疗选择都有局限性，不能令人满意。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然当它们起作用时是有用的，但它们可能会在捐赠部位造成新的伤口，并且常常受到可用健康皮肤数量的限制，这对于大面积烧伤的患者来说是非常稀缺的。A. plentiful丰富的；B. scarce稀缺的；C. meaningless无意义的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“restricted by how much healthy skin is available”和下文“for patients with extensive burns”可知，对于大面积烧伤的患者来说，健康皮肤是非常稀缺的。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们作为缺乏功能性血管的短期生物覆盖物，经常会遇到免疫系统的排斥。A. recognition识别；B. rejection排斥；C. tolerance容忍；D. ignorance忽视。根据下文“This can cause tissue damage, and the eventual loss of the transplant.”可知，免疫系统会排斥标准的人工皮肤产品，导致组织损伤和移植失败。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：迫切需要能够复制人类皮肤结构和功能的更先进的替代品。A. affect影响；B. polish抛光；C. alter改变；D. copy复制。根据“human skin’s structure and function”可知，此处指复制人类皮肤的结构和功能。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，研究小组使用了一种特殊的生物墨水来复制皮肤。A. To set an example举例；B. To compare with this与此相比；C. To address this为了解决这个问题；D. To make it clear为了弄清楚。根据上文提到标准的人工皮肤产品存在的问题以及下文研究小组的做法可知，此处指为了解决这个问题，研究小组使用了一种特殊的生物墨水来复制皮肤。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们用婴儿身体一部分的皮肤细胞构成表层。A. edge边缘；B. surface表面；C. tip尖端；D. structure结构。根据下文“For the underlying layer”可知，此处指构成皮肤的表层。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在逐层打印后，细胞形成类似于天然血管的详细血管网络。A. natural天然的；B. temporary暂时的；C. available可获得的；D. special特别的。根据上文“the cells form detailed blood vessel networks similar to”和下文“blood vessels”可知，此处指细胞形成类似于天然血管的详细血管网络。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：测试结果在动物实验中表现出了显著的成功，人造皮肤中的血管在四周内就与小鼠自身的血液循环实现了融合。A. reacting against反抗；B. withdrawing from退出；C. settling on选定；D. integrating with与……整合。根据上文“working blood vessels”以及下文“boosting survival and tissue development”可知，人工皮肤显示出的功能性血管与小鼠自身血液流动整合。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使得原始系统和移植体之间的持续血液流动成为可能，促进了存活和组织发育。A. implant移植体；B. donor捐赠者；C. animal动物；D. tissue组织。根据上文“artificial skin showing working blood vessels”可知，此处指人工皮肤这一移植体。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些有前景的发展，但在医疗应用成为可能之前还有很长的路要走。A. promising有前景的；B. slight轻微的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. elementary基本的。根据上文“Test results have shown outstanding success in animal studies”可知，这些发展是有前景的。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员首先需要开发完全基于人类的替代品，因为目前使用动物皮肤有免疫反应的风险。A. government-funded政府资助的；B. mass-produced大规模生产的；C. human-based基于人类的；D. lab-made实验室制造的。根据上文“because the current use of animal skin risks immune reactions”可知，目前使用动物皮肤有免疫反应的风险，所以需要开发完全基于人类的替代品。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，该技术还需要进一步发展，以包括重要的皮肤部分，如毛囊和感觉神经。A. However然而；B. Additionally此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Accordingly相应地。上文提到需要开发完全基于人类的替代品，此处指此外该技术还需要进一步发展，上下文是递进关系。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：而皮肤颜色控制，理论上可以通过添加色素细胞来实现，需要进行实验评估，以确保在不同患者群体中获得稳定且视觉上匹配的结果。A. on purpose故意地；B. at random随机地；C. by accident偶然地；D. in theory理论上。根据下文“needs experimental assessment”可知，皮肤颜色控制理论上可以通过添加色素细胞来实现，但还需要进行实验评估。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管诸如克服监管障碍这类问题与技术发展一样也是至关重要的挑战，但科学界普遍认为，3D 生物打印在改变烧伤和伤口护理方面具有巨大的潜力。A. maintain维持；B. transform转变；C. publicize宣传；D. enrich丰富。根据第二段描述的对于严重烧伤患者和大面积伤口患者，医疗选择仍然不能令人满意以及上文“3D bioprinting holds significant potential”和下文“burn and wound care”可知，此处指3D生物打印可以改变烧伤和伤口护理的现状。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The summer I turned 40, I started running — not in an athletic or disciplined way, but desperately, almost breathlessly. I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. “Start small,” she said, “Just move.” So, I put on an old pair of sports shoes. My goal was to run to the end of my street — just one mailbox down. I made it, but my lungs burned and my legs shook. I walked home, defeated. Yet, the next day, I tried again. And the day after that. Slowly, the mailbox turned into two mailboxes, then a lap around the block. I was slow. I was awkward. But I was moving. During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. I never ran a marathon. My pace never got impressively fast. But I learned to run like a president: to make the hard choice to move forward when every fiber wants to stop; . 36. What is the best title for this passage? A. Silencing the 100 Voices B. From Mailboxes to Marathons C. Running as the President of Your Own Life D. The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 37. Why did the writer start running? A. To deal with her hearing problem. B. To manage anxiety through movement. C. To counter the panic about aging after 40. D. To create personal space in a crowded world. 38. The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A. I figured out how to show up on the running track B. running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C. I discovered how to take control of my life through running D. running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 39. Which of the following best fits in the blank in the last paragraph? A. to claim my presence in a distant world — to feel real again B. to keep going even when I can’t run fast — to lead a slow life C. to meet the part of myself I run away from — the imperfect part D. to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。 【36题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段中“Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. (跑步，尤其是在你不想跑的时候，是一种掌控自己灵魂的行为)”，第五段中“Running taught me how to show up and lead. (跑步教会了我如何出现并引领)”可知，文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。全文围绕跑步带来的这种“掌控自我”的感悟展开。选项 C“Running as the President of Your Own Life (作为自己生命的主宰去跑步)”精准概括了文章主旨，可以作为本文标题。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body.  (生完第二个孩子后，我一直被焦虑所困扰。我的大脑就像一个满是100种声音的房间，所有声音都在尖叫。我无法平息这种惊恐。一位医生建议我，与其试图平复思绪，不如试着与身体建立连接)”可知，作者开始跑步是为了通过运动来应对产后焦虑，即通过与身体连接来管理情绪。故选B项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段前文“My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. (焦虑让我在自己的生活中成为一个被动的乘客)”以及后文“I am doing something hard, and I am okay. (我正在做一件难事，而且我很好)”可知，跑步让作者从被动的生活状态转变为主动掌控的状态。划线句表明跑步教会了作者如何掌控自己的生活。故选C项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. (那个说“再多走一步”“就到那棵树为止”的部分是主宰 —— 它必须为了整体的利益做决定，即使很难，也必须承担努力的重负)”可知，作者将跑步中坚持的行为定义为为了整体利益（即自己的人生）而承受不适。最后一段是对这一感悟的总结，选项 D“to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life (为了更大的利益 —— 自己人生的利益，去承受不适)”与前文逻辑一致，点明了跑步的深层意义。故选D项。 (B) How to Observe Variable Stars Variable stars are, as the name suggests, stars that vary in brightness. They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area. Step 1: Finding Variable Stars #1 Go out observing stars. Go out and familiarize yourself with the stars. #2 Identify a variable star you want to observe (target star). #3 Find a couple of non-variable stars (guide stars) near your star. These stars should be of a similar brightness to your target star. #4 Compare how bright the variable star is to the guide stars every night. Step 2: Recording Your Observations #1 Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. #2 At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. #3 Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. #4 Try drawing a chart of how your target star changes in its brightness. The chart can help you identify what type of variable star you are observing. Step 3: Identifying the Types #1 Based on your chart, judge if your target star belongs to the main types or the rarer types of variable stars. The main types generally have regular and predictable variations, while the rarer types don’t. #2 If your target star belongs to the main types of variable stars, click here for reference charts to identify its subtype. If it belongs to the rarer types, refer to the following explanations and reference charts. ·Flare stars spend most of their time at a low brightness, and sometimes, for a few minutes, jump up in brightness. ·Recurrent novae are similar to flare stars, but they have much greater jumps in brightness, and jumps are a lot rarer. ·R Coronae Borealis stars spend most time at their maximum brightness. At unpredictable intervals, their brightness decreases quickly, and then goes back up. ·Supernovae are rare events. When a star runs out of fuel, its life changes dramatically. They are incredibly bright, but seeing one with the naked eye can be a once-in-a-lifetime event. (* In the above reference charts, T stands for TIME; B stands for BRIGHTNESS) 40. We can learn about star observation from the passage that ______. A. guide stars should be chosen before a target star B. proper use of flashlights requires an extra device C. Supernovae are better observed with the naked eye D. drawing charts is aimed to compare the target stars 41. Which of the following chart best illustrates the change in brightness of a Recurrent novae? A. B. C. D. 42. This passage is taken from a website. From which section will we most likely find it? A. Career Planning B. Sightseeing C. Family vacations D. Productive Hobbies 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是如何观测变星。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Step 2: Recording Your Observations部分#1中的“If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through.(如果需要手电筒的话，在光线透过时放置一个红色滤镜。)”可知，正确使用手电筒需要配备额外的设备。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据Step 3: Identifying the Types中的“·Flare stars spend most of their time at a low brightness, and sometimes, for a few minutes, jump up in brightness.(·耀星大部分时间处于低亮度状态，有时亮度会突然升高，并持续几分钟。)”和“·Recurrent novae are similar to flare stars, but they have much greater jumps in brightness, and jumps are a lot rarer.(·再发新星与耀星类似，但它们的亮度变化幅度要大得多，而且亮度突增的情况更为罕见。)”可知，再发新星大部分时间处于低亮度状态，有时亮度会突然升高，并持续几分钟，亮度变化幅度比耀星大，而且亮度突增的情况更为罕见，因此A选项中的图表可以清晰地展示再发新星的亮度变化情况。故选A。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area.(观测变星颇具趣味，而且在这一领域，业余天文学能够为专业研究做出重大贡献。)”可知，观测变星可以为专业研究做出重大贡献，因此这是有益身心的，所以这篇文章可能在富有成效的爱好这一板块中被找到。故选D。 (C) What makes the brain able to help us perform complex tasks in an amazing way? Precision isn’t the answer; instead, it all comes down to the brain’s messiness. Hengen, a biologist at Washington University, together with other scientists, refers to this idea as the critical brain hypothesis (假说). According to them, grey matter in our brain lies near a tipping point between order and disorder that they call the critical zone. They reach the conclusion that criticality — the state of being in the critical zone — offers a powerful set of guidelines for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Therefore, the hypothesis may aid us to figure out the divide in intelligence and the purpose of sleep, among other things. What makes people smarter? That the healthy brain, while awake, never moves too far from criticality suggests that it must carry some great advantages. One of them is the range of information sending and processing. Since the critical systems are scale-invariant, signals can be passed over both small and large distances in the brain, which enables communication both within and between different brain regions. The fact that a healthy brain can explore the entire space for solutions guarantees its excellent adaptiveness to new situations. And the enhanced flexibility arising from the critical zone could be seen in an experiment done in Finland. The participants had to play a computer game that constantly changed its rules, which required them to update their approach quickly. The closer their brains were to the critical point, the better they performed. It is also suspected that the brain’s closeness to the critical point may be especially important for creativity. Why do people sleep? Large departures from the critical zone — either into order or disorder — may cause brain dysfunction. The longer we work the brain, the further it moves from the tipping point, but sleep helps to tune it back. Hengen found that without that rest period, the brain would fail to reach its best state, resulting in the reduction of cognitive (认知的) performance that has long been known to accompany sleeplessness. According to O’Byrne from the University of Montreal, the most important function of sleep may be to allow the brain’s connections to be adjusted and to return whole-brain dynamics to the critical point. 43. What does the expression this idea in paragraph 2 mean? A. The structure of the brain is a complex system. B. Precision of the tasks affects the brain’s function. C. The brain is able to complete given tasks in an amazing way. D. Messiness of the brain enables it to handle complex problems. 44. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______. A. adaptability is not as closely connected to criticality as creativity B. the changing rules promotes people’s performance in playing games C. signals’ quick passing in the brain represents its excellent adaptiveness D. closeness to criticality allows cross-regional communication in the brain 45. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Frequent use of brain moves it from disorder. B. Sleep can serve to enlarge brain’s critical zone. C. Sleep aids in bringing the brain back to criticality. D. Brain’s approaching criticality causes sleeplessness. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. When the brain reaches and leaves the tipping point. B. What the critical brain hypothesis means and reveals. C. How criticality affects different people’s intelligence. D. Why brain function and dysfunction are so important. 【答案】43. D 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“临界大脑假说”，解释了大脑的“混乱状态”使其能高效处理复杂任务，并阐述了临界状态与智力、睡眠之间的关系。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“What makes the brain able to help us perform complex tasks in an amazing way? Precision isn’t the answer; instead, it all comes down to the brain’s messiness.(是什么让大脑能够以惊人的方式帮助我们完成复杂的任务？精确度不是答案；相反，这一切都归结于大脑的混乱。)”以及第二段中的“Hengen, a biologist at Washington University, together with other scientists, refers to this idea as the critical brain hypothesis (假说).(华盛顿大学的生物学家Hengen和其他科学家将这一想法称为临界大脑假说。)”可知，这里的“this idea”指的是前文提到的大脑的混乱能让它处理复杂问题。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Since the critical systems are scale-invariant, signals can be passed over both small and large distances in the brain, which enables communication both within and between different brain regions.(由于关键系统具有尺度不变性，信号可以在大脑中远距离和近距离传递，这使得不同大脑区域内部和之间的通信成为可能。)”可知，接近临界状态允许大脑进行跨区域通信。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Why do people sleep? Large departures from the critical zone — either into order or disorder — may cause brain dysfunction. The longer we work the brain, the further it moves from the tipping point, but sleep helps to tune it back.(人为什么要睡觉？严重偏离临界区——无论是走向有序还是无序——都可能导致大脑功能障碍。我们使用大脑的时间越长，它离临界点就越远，但睡眠有助于将其调整回来。)”可知，睡眠有助于将大脑带回临界状态。故选C项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“According to them, grey matter in our brain lies near a tipping point between order and disorder that they call the critical zone. They reach the conclusion that criticality — the state of being in the critical zone — offers a powerful set of guidelines for understanding brain function and dysfunction.(根据他们的说法，我们大脑中的灰质位于有序和无序之间的一个临界点附近，他们称之为临界区。他们得出的结论是，临界性——处于临界区的状态——为理解大脑功能和不功能提供了一套强有力的指导方针。)”以及后文围绕临界大脑假说展开的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了临界大脑假说的含义和揭示的内容。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Efforts to Enhance Wild Elephant Conservation Deep in the rainforests of southwest China’s Yunnan Province, every time winter comes, the amount of wild food goes down, leading to elephants’ frequent visits to villages in search of food. In Jiangcheng County, Pu’er City, more than 50 wild Asian elephants live all year round. The damage they cause is shocking. ____47____ A dedicated team is now working to ensure peaceful coexistence between humans and wild elephants, and Diao Faxing is the leader. He and his coworkers are tasked with monitoring Asian elephants and giving alerts. They must track the movements of dozens of elephants in real time over nearly 1,000 square kilometers. Once spotting elephants in the area, they give warnings to nearby villagers to keep their distance without delay. ____48____ He explained that in 2010, Yunnan Province started a public insurance system for wild animal incidents, fully funded by the government. The elephants usually come to eat villagers’ crops and then leave, which is almost like the locals are raising them. When such incidents occur, insurance companies pay money to households to make up for their losses. Thanks to proper assessment of the damage and government’s financial support, the system works smoothly. In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers. ____49____. First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. And according to the Department of Nature Reserve Management Office, other preparation is also advancing — baseline research, specialized resource surveys, habitat restoration, ecological repair, public education, and conflict resolution. The goal is to enhance protection and spread awareness to support the park’s establishment. Diao sees a win-win situation for both nature and human being. “Building an Asian Elephant National Park gives elephants a home. At the same time, we could develop tourism, with local people helping to attract visitors,” he said. ____50____ And that is the cornerstone of coexistence between people and elephants. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国云南为保护野生亚洲象采取的措施，包括监测预警、保险赔付和建设国家公园等。 【47题详解】 根据前文“The damage they cause is shocking.(它们造成的破坏令人震惊)”可知，前文描述了野象破坏带来的严重问题，E选项“That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it.(这是当地人民面临的严峻问题，各方正努力解决)”承接前文，点明问题严重性并引出后续解决措施，符合语境。故选E项。 【48题详解】 根据后文“He explained that in 2010, Yunnan Province started a public insurance system for wild animal incidents, fully funded by the government.(他解释说，2010年云南省启动了由政府全额出资的野生动物事件公共保险制度)”和“When such incidents occur, insurance companies pay money to households to make up for their losses.(当此类事件发生时，保险公司会向农户赔付以弥补损失)”可知，本段围绕野象损害保险赔付展开，A选项“Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages.(此外，刁帮助保险公司评估与大象相关的损失)”衔接后文保险赔付相关内容，符合语境。故选A项。 【49题详解】 根据前文“In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers.(2022年，云南成功向国务院申请建立亚洲象国家公园，规划面积超386平方公里)”以及后文“First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. And according to the Department of Nature Reserve Management Office, other preparation is also advancing — baseline research, specialized resource surveys, habitat restoration, ecological repair, public education, and conflict resolution.(首先，2026年1月1日生效的《国家公园法》为公园建设奠定了坚实法律基础。据自然保护区管理办公室介绍，其他准备工作也在推进——基线调查、专项资源勘察、栖息地修复、生态修复、公众教育和冲突化解)”可知，前文提及申请建设亚洲象国家公园，后文介绍各项筹备工作，B选项“Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning.(目前公园各项筹备工作正按规划稳步推进)”承上启下，引出后文具体筹备内容，符合语境。故选B项。 【50题详解】 根据前文“Building an Asian Elephant National Park gives elephants a home. At the same time, we could develop tourism, with local people helping to attract visitors(建设亚洲象国家公园为大象提供家园。同时，我们可以发展旅游业，让当地人帮忙吸引游客)”可知，前文讲述对国家公园双赢价值的看法，F选项“To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats.(在他看来，这个公园兼顾了当地人的安居乐业和大象的适宜栖息地)”承接前文观点，进一步阐释国家公园的双赢意义，符合语境。故选F项。 Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation that strengthens different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers recommend suitable amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明经常帮助他人可延缓大脑衰老，分析了其原理并给出合理建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. ②Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. ③Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. ④Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people.  ⑤Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit.  ⑥They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. 2. 缜密构思 精简要点①和④，整合要点②③，⑤⑥ 3.遣词造句 Research implies volunteering to help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation strengthening different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ isolation is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers advise moderate amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process.（用一个宾语从句对第一段内容进行总结，表达高级） 【高分句型2】 Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length.（用一个定语从句对第二段后半部分进行总结，表达高级） Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“每天做点洗碗之类的家务活”用动名词短语作主语，为doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day；表示“对……很管用”可用have a good effect on；表示“培养耐心”为develop patience，develop用动名词形式作介词on的宾语。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. 53. 当初我们选这款氢能源汽车时，看中的就是它的续航里程。(matter) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When we chose this (model of) hydrogen-powered car at that time, what mattered most was its range/how far it could go after being charged. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和固定表达。根据句意，该句描述过去发生的动作，全句使用一般过去时；表示“当初”为at that time作时间状语；表示“我们选这款氢能源汽车”为时间状语从句，用when引导，从句主语为we，“选择”为choose，动词用过去式，“这款氢能源汽车”为this hydrogen-powered car作从句宾语，所以从句译为When we chose this hydrogen-powered car at that time；表示“看中的就是”使用主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以可使用what引导，在从句中作主语，“看中”可理解为“重要”为mattered，表示“最”为most修饰mattered，所以主语从句译为what mattered most；表示“是”为was作系动词，主语从句视为单数，所以be动词为was；表示“它的续航里程”为its range或者“充电后能跑多远”使用表语从句作表语，结合句意使用how far引导，主语使用it指代“汽车”，表示“能跑多远”为how far it could go，表示“充电后”为after being charged。故翻译为When we chose this (model of) hydrogen-powered car at that time, what mattered most was its range/how far it could go after being charged. 54. 天气转凉时，他的胃会不舒服，奶奶经常提醒他把牛奶热一下再喝。(unless) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the weather gets cold(er), he has stomach discomfort, so the grandmother often reminds him not to drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“天气转凉时”为as引导时间状语从句，翻译为as the weather gets colder；主语“他”为he；表示“胃会不舒服”为have stomach discomfort，结合主语动词have 用has；与第二句为因果关系，用连词so ；第二个分句主语为the grandmother；表示“经常”用副词often；表示“提醒某人别做某事”短语为remind sb. not to do sth.；“他”用宾格代词him；“喝”用动词drink；表示“把牛奶热一下再喝”翻译为unless引导的条件状语从句，为drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed。陈述事实为一般现在时。故翻译为As the weather gets cold(er), he has stomach discomfort, so the grandmother often reminds him not to drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed. 55. 这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇，连外国读者都争相购买，销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；“这部关于宋朝历史的小说”用the historical novel about the Song Dynasty，作主语，“备受推崇”用be highly favored，主语novel是第三人称单数，be用was，“一出版”用upon its publication，作时间状语，“连”即“甚至”用副词even，“外国读者”用foreign readers，“争相购买”用rush to buy its copies，rush作谓语，用过去式rushed，“这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇”和“连外国读者都争相购买”是并列关系，用and连接；“销售量远超同类作品”处理为修饰novel的非限制性定语从句，“销售”用名词sales，和先行词copies之间为所属关系，用关系代词whose作引导词，“远远超过”用go far beyond，go作谓语，用过去式went，宾语“同类作品”用those in the same category/of the same kind。综上，故翻译为：The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. Ⅴ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你的英国网友Tom对你高中期间的集体活动很感兴趣，发来电子邮件询问相关情况。请你给他回封邮件，并在邮件中： 1)描述你高中期间组织或参加的一次集体活动； 2)谈谈该活动的意义。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Dear Tom, I’m thrilled to hear from you and share with you one of the most unforgettable group activities in my high school life. Last autumn, as the class monitor, I organized a 3-day field study to a nearby ecological reserve for my senior 2 classmates. We conducted field surveys on local plant species, interviewed environmental workers, and presented our findings in a group exhibition. Despite the harsh weather and tight schedule, we collaborated seamlessly, pooling our expertise in biology, photography and report writing to complete the project. This experience is far more than a simple outing. It not only honed our practical research skills and fostered a deeper awareness of ecological protection, but also strengthened our class unity. It taught me that true leadership lies in inspiring collective effort, and that the bond forged through shared challenges is the most precious gift of high school. I’d love to hear about your memorable group activities too. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以明启中学高三学生李华的身份，给英国网友Tom回信，描述一次高中集体活动并谈谈其意义。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 组织：organize → arrange 合作：collaborate → cooperate 加强：strengthen → enhance 珍贵的：precious → valuable 集体活动：group activity → collective activity 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：Despite the harsh weather and tight schedule, we collaborated seamlessly, pooling our expertise in biology, photography and report writing to complete the project. 替换句：Although the weather was terrible and time was limited, we collaborated seamlessly, pooling our expertise in biology, photography and report writing to complete the project. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m thrilled to hear from you and share with you one of the most unforgettable group activities in my high school life. (运用不定式作原因状语) 【高分句型2】It not only honed our practical research skills and fostered a deeper awareness of ecological protection, but also strengthened our class unity. (运用not only…but also…结构连接谓语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 松江区2025学年高三总复习阶段模拟练习 高三英语 (满分115分，完卷时间105分钟) 2026.04 学生注意： 1．本练习设练习卷和答题纸两部分，练习卷包括题目与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在练习卷上一律不得分。 2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和学生编号。 3．答题纸与练习卷在题目编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finding Focus in a Distracted World It is really hard to prevent your mind from wandering. Most people remember ____1____ (tell) to stop daydreaming and focus at school; for adults, maintaining concentration remains a challenge. Therefore, there is necessity for us to understand the science behind focus and recognize the very strategies ____2____ can make a substantial difference. Scientists, after their exploration of ____3____ our brain’s concentration is enhanced, have uncovered practical strategies for staying “in the zone”. According to Science Focus, managing your environment is essential. Silence offers the best conditions for deep concentration. And gentle background noise, ____4____ coffee shop talking, also shows effectiveness in improving concentration. Furthermore, switching off instant messages or powering down smartphones ____5____ (remove) significant digital distractions and sharpens focus on immediate tasks. Besides environmental adjustments, another effective method involves mental training. Attention researcher Nilli Lavie from University College London has discovered that making tasks visually exhausting occupies more processing power, decreasing the possibility for distractions. And this discovery suggests that ____6____ (strengthen) our ability to maintain attention, we should train our mind to activate more processing power when facing tasks. More practical techniques are introduced to keep your mind ____7____ (concentrate) on what you are doing. Selecting a workspace free from temptation, creating a to-do list ranking tasks clearly, or even chewing gum proves beneficial. Research suggests chewing may occupy certain brain regions that are easily distracted, thus anchoring attention more effectively. These behavioral adjustments work wonderfully well respectively, and when combined, they can improve focus to a ____8____ (great) extent. Nevertheless, distraction is not entirely negative. Science Focus notes that constant, steady focus would cause us to overlook potential threats and other important environmental changes. In this sense, distraction serves an essential survival function. The key takeaway is balance: ____9____ we should apply strategies to improve concentration, we must recognize that a distraction-free state is neither realistic nor desirable. Ultimately, a balanced mental state, ____10____ that allows for both focused work and environmental awareness, remains the healthiest long-term approach. Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accomplish B. barely C. contrast D. decent E. demands F. harmony G. multiple H. otherwise I. rewards J. sources K. timely Why Are Photos Taken During Blue Hour? As a professional photographer, I’ve taken many of my favorite pictures at blue hour — the time of day before sunrise or after sunset when the atmosphere has a deep, dark blue color. Blue hour is not really an hour — its exact length depends on your location, time of year, and weather conditions. The important thing is that the sun is a (n) ____11____ way beneath the horizon so the sky has neither too many nor too few sunrise or sunset colors — mainly just blue. There are reasons why blue hour is so precious. First, not as many people take photos at blue hour compared to sunrise and sunset. This gives you the chance to capture appealing images at popular locations with limited or even zero crowds. Second, blue hour seizes certain emotions in the scenes that are ____12____ tricky to express. The color blue carries its own unique emotional expression: sadness, peace, and so on. If your photo ____13____ such emotional expression, it’s hard to ignore this time of day. Third, blue hour combines tones of a photo into an integrated whole. I once struggled to keep colors in my photos in ____14____ for the best possible results but failed. Fortunately, the magic power of blue hour helps to ____15____ that. Green trees, yellow flowers and red rocks all appear some kind of blue — ____16____ colors go along well in the images taken at that time. Fourth, there is possibility that other ____17____ of light, such as warm light from buildings, create an important circumstance when portions of your photo do not turn blue during the blue hour. In such a case, your photo has a beautiful orange-blue color ____18____ — a lovely flavor beyond its previous harmonious presence. However, there is usually only a brief window when the natural and artificial lights are about the same brightness, so a (n) ____19____ click of the camera button is the critical step to make for the most even exposure between them. In spite of the careful techniques and right settings the blue hour photography requires, it ____20____ you with great pictures. The emotions of blue hour do not work for each scene or photo, but when they do, you will be amazed. Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Yale University have successfully developed a 3D bioprinting method that produces working artificial skin with full blood vessel (血管) networks. This represents an important step forward in making skin ____21____ that can successfully join with the body’s original system. Current medical choices for serious burn sufferers and patients with large wounds remain ____22____. One is self-donated skin transplants. While useful when they work, they may cause new wounds at the donation areas and are often restricted by how much healthy skin is available, which can be very ____23____ for patients with extensive burns. The other choice is the standard artificial skin product, usually made from animal skin. They act as short-term biological coverings that lack functional blood vessels and often meet immune (免疫的) system ____24____. This can cause tissue damage, and the eventual loss of the transplant. More advanced alternatives that can ____25____ human skin’s structure and function are in urgent need. ____26____, the research team uses a special bio-ink to reproduce the skin. They use skin cells from part of a baby’s body to constitute the ____27____. For the underlying layer, they use a mixture of cells from a baby’s blood from the birth cord (脐带) and a sticky substance from rat tails. After the layer-by-layer printing, the cells form detailed blood vessel networks similar to ____28____ blood vessels. Test results have shown outstanding success in animal studies, with artificial skin showing working blood vessels ____29____ the mice’s own blood flow within four weeks. This allows continuous blood flow between the original system and the ____30____ boosting survival and tissue development. Despite these ____31____ developments, a long journey lies ahead before medical use becomes possible. Researchers first need to develop fully ____32____ alternatives because the current use of animal skin risks immune reactions. ____33____, the technology requires further development to include important skin parts such as hair roots and feeling nerves. And skin color control, achievable ____34____ by adding color cells, needs experimental assessment to ensure steady and visually matching results across different patient groups. Though things like overcoming regulatory barriers pose equally critical challenges alongside technical development, the science community widely agrees that 3D bioprinting holds significant potential to ____35____ burn and wound care. 21. A. replacements B. boosters C. dressings D. infections 22. A. complicated B. tough C. unsatisfactory D. conscious 23. A. plentiful B. scarce C. meaningless D. confusing 24. A. recognition B. rejection C. tolerance D. ignorance 25. A. affect B. polish C. alter D. copy 26. A. To set an example B. To compare with this C. To address this D. To make it clear 27. A. edge B. surface C. tip D. structure 28. A. natural B. temporary C. available D. special 29. A. reacting against B. withdrawing from C. settling on D. integrating with 30. A. implant B. donor C. animal D. tissue 31. A. promising B. slight C. expensive D. elementary 32. A. government-funded B. mass-produced C. human-based D. lab-made 33. A. However B. Additionally C. Therefore D. Accordingly 34. A. on purpose B. at random C. by accident D. in theory 35. A. maintain B. transform C. publicize D. enrich Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The summer I turned 40, I started running — not in an athletic or disciplined way, but desperately, almost breathlessly. I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. “Start small,” she said, “Just move.” So, I put on an old pair of sports shoes. My goal was to run to the end of my street — just one mailbox down. I made it, but my lungs burned and my legs shook. I walked home, defeated. Yet, the next day, I tried again. And the day after that. Slowly, the mailbox turned into two mailboxes, then a lap around the block. I was slow. I was awkward. But I was moving. During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. I never ran a marathon. My pace never got impressively fast. But I learned to run like a president: to make the hard choice to move forward when every fiber wants to stop; . 36. What is the best title for this passage? A. Silencing the 100 Voices B. From Mailboxes to Marathons C. Running as the President of Your Own Life D. The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 37. Why did the writer start running? A. To deal with her hearing problem. B. To manage anxiety through movement. C. To counter the panic about aging after 40. D. To create personal space in a crowded world. 38. The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A. I figured out how to show up on the running track B. running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C. I discovered how to take control of my life through running D. running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 39. Which of the following best fits in the blank in the last paragraph? A. to claim my presence in a distant world — to feel real again B. to keep going even when I can’t run fast — to lead a slow life C. to meet the part of myself I run away from — the imperfect part D. to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life (B) How to Observe Variable Stars Variable stars are, as the name suggests, stars that vary in brightness. They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area. Step 1: Finding Variable Stars #1 Go out observing stars. Go out and familiarize yourself with the stars. #2 Identify a variable star you want to observe (target star). #3 Find a couple of non-variable stars (guide stars) near your star. These stars should be of a similar brightness to your target star. #4 Compare how bright the variable star is to the guide stars every night. Step 2: Recording Your Observations #1 Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. #2 At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. #3 Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. #4 Try drawing a chart of how your target star changes in its brightness. The chart can help you identify what type of variable star you are observing. Step 3: Identifying the Types #1 Based on your chart, judge if your target star belongs to the main types or the rarer types of variable stars. The main types generally have regular and predictable variations, while the rarer types don’t. #2 If your target star belongs to the main types of variable stars, click here for reference charts to identify its subtype. If it belongs to the rarer types, refer to the following explanations and reference charts. ·Flare stars spend most of their time at a low brightness, and sometimes, for a few minutes, jump up in brightness. ·Recurrent novae are similar to flare stars, but they have much greater jumps in brightness, and jumps are a lot rarer. ·R Coronae Borealis stars spend most time at their maximum brightness. At unpredictable intervals, their brightness decreases quickly, and then goes back up. ·Supernovae are rare events. When a star runs out of fuel, its life changes dramatically. They are incredibly bright, but seeing one with the naked eye can be a once-in-a-lifetime event. (* In the above reference charts, T stands for TIME; B stands for BRIGHTNESS) 40. We can learn about star observation from the passage that ______. A. guide stars should be chosen before a target star B. proper use of flashlights requires an extra device C. Supernovae are better observed with the naked eye D. drawing charts is aimed to compare the target stars 41. Which of the following chart best illustrates the change in brightness of a Recurrent novae? A. B. C. D. 42. This passage is taken from a website. From which section will we most likely find it? A. Career Planning B. Sightseeing C. Family vacations D. Productive Hobbies (C) What makes the brain able to help us perform complex tasks in an amazing way? Precision isn’t the answer; instead, it all comes down to the brain’s messiness. Hengen, a biologist at Washington University, together with other scientists, refers to this idea as the critical brain hypothesis (假说). According to them, grey matter in our brain lies near a tipping point between order and disorder that they call the critical zone. They reach the conclusion that criticality — the state of being in the critical zone — offers a powerful set of guidelines for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Therefore, the hypothesis may aid us to figure out the divide in intelligence and the purpose of sleep, among other things. What makes people smarter? That the healthy brain, while awake, never moves too far from criticality suggests that it must carry some great advantages. One of them is the range of information sending and processing. Since the critical systems are scale-invariant, signals can be passed over both small and large distances in the brain, which enables communication both within and between different brain regions. The fact that a healthy brain can explore the entire space for solutions guarantees its excellent adaptiveness to new situations. And the enhanced flexibility arising from the critical zone could be seen in an experiment done in Finland. The participants had to play a computer game that constantly changed its rules, which required them to update their approach quickly. The closer their brains were to the critical point, the better they performed. It is also suspected that the brain’s closeness to the critical point may be especially important for creativity. Why do people sleep? Large departures from the critical zone — either into order or disorder — may cause brain dysfunction. The longer we work the brain, the further it moves from the tipping point, but sleep helps to tune it back. Hengen found that without that rest period, the brain would fail to reach its best state, resulting in the reduction of cognitive (认知的) performance that has long been known to accompany sleeplessness. According to O’Byrne from the University of Montreal, the most important function of sleep may be to allow the brain’s connections to be adjusted and to return whole-brain dynamics to the critical point. 43. What does the expression this idea in paragraph 2 mean? A. The structure of the brain is a complex system. B. Precision of the tasks affects the brain’s function. C. The brain is able to complete given tasks in an amazing way. D. Messiness of the brain enables it to handle complex problems. 44. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______. A. adaptability is not as closely connected to criticality as creativity B. the changing rules promotes people’s performance in playing games C. signals’ quick passing in the brain represents its excellent adaptiveness D. closeness to criticality allows cross-regional communication in the brain 45. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Frequent use of brain moves it from disorder. B. Sleep can serve to enlarge brain’s critical zone. C. Sleep aids in bringing the brain back to criticality. D. Brain’s approaching criticality causes sleeplessness. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. When the brain reaches and leaves the tipping point. B. What the critical brain hypothesis means and reveals. C. How criticality affects different people’s intelligence. D. Why brain function and dysfunction are so important. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Efforts to Enhance Wild Elephant Conservation Deep in the rainforests of southwest China’s Yunnan Province, every time winter comes, the amount of wild food goes down, leading to elephants’ frequent visits to villages in search of food. In Jiangcheng County, Pu’er City, more than 50 wild Asian elephants live all year round. The damage they cause is shocking. ____47____ A dedicated team is now working to ensure peaceful coexistence between humans and wild elephants, and Diao Faxing is the leader. He and his coworkers are tasked with monitoring Asian elephants and giving alerts. They must track the movements of dozens of elephants in real time over nearly 1,000 square kilometers. Once spotting elephants in the area, they give warnings to nearby villagers to keep their distance without delay. ____48____ He explained that in 2010, Yunnan Province started a public insurance system for wild animal incidents, fully funded by the government. The elephants usually come to eat villagers’ crops and then leave, which is almost like the locals are raising them. When such incidents occur, insurance companies pay money to households to make up for their losses. Thanks to proper assessment of the damage and government’s financial support, the system works smoothly. In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers. ____49____. First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. And according to the Department of Nature Reserve Management Office, other preparation is also advancing — baseline research, specialized resource surveys, habitat restoration, ecological repair, public education, and conflict resolution. The goal is to enhance protection and spread awareness to support the park’s establishment. Diao sees a win-win situation for both nature and human being. “Building an Asian Elephant National Park gives elephants a home. At the same time, we could develop tourism, with local people helping to attract visitors,” he said. ____50____ And that is the cornerstone of coexistence between people and elephants. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 53. 当初我们选这款氢能源汽车时，看中的就是它的续航里程。(matter) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 天气转凉时，他的胃会不舒服，奶奶经常提醒他把牛奶热一下再喝。(unless) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 55. 这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇，连外国读者都争相购买，销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你的英国网友Tom对你高中期间的集体活动很感兴趣，发来电子邮件询问相关情况。请你给他回封邮件，并在邮件中： 1)描述你高中期间组织或参加的一次集体活动； 2)谈谈该活动的意义。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $