Unit 2 Section A 4a-4c Grammar Focus 课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Section A 4a-4d Stay Healthy Unit 2 What should we do when we don’t feel well? Learning Objectives Can read,write and use these new words: knife safety clearest pain brightness environment cross What’s more 能够梳理和归纳询问和描述身体状况以及提建议的语言表达，掌握使用should和could提建议时用法的差别。 能够归纳反身代词形式，理解反身代词的功能，掌握常见反身代词的搭配，如by oneself、cut oneself、hurt oneself、enjoy oneself、protect oneself、take care of oneself等。 能够结合语篇的主题，反思如何合理使用手机，保护眼睛，保证安全，不影响人际交往。 Review 中文 英文 中文 英文 喉咙痛 软饮料 胃痛/头痛/牙痛 去看医生 发烧 请坐 伤到/割伤自己 流鼻涕 忍不住,不由自主 患流感 受苦，受折磨 给某人量体温 向下按压(某物) 吃药 看牙医 做检查 避免/防止做某事 好好照顾 have a sore throat have a stomachache/ headache/ toothache have a fever hurt/ cut oneself can't help oneself suffer from press down (on sth.) see the dentist avoid doing sth. go to the doctor take a seat have a runny nose soft drinks have the flu take one’s temperature take medicine do a test take good care of 如果你想解决这个问题，一个面对面的谈话效果最佳。If you want to solve the problem, a face-to-face talk usually works the best. 如果你不注意你的用语，发送短信会让事情变糟。Texting can make things worse if you are not careful with your words. 如果排练在晚上 7 点结束，我将会在 7 点 15 分来接你。If the rehearsal ends at 7:00 p.m., I will pick you up at 7:15 p.m. 如果 Look and say. What’s wrong with David? He ate too much last night. Now his ________________. stomach aches What should he do? He __________ eat so much next time. shouldn't What’s the matter with Nancy? She has a really bad ___________. What should she do? toothache She ________ see the dentist and get an X-ray. She ________ eat some soft food for now. could How did Jeff hurt himself? He ____________ when he fell off his bike. What should he do? He ________ be more careful next time. should hurt himself should Grammar Focus What are the sentences about? What’s wrong? I ate too much last night. Now my stomach aches. You shouldn’t eat so much next time. What’s the matter? I have a really bad toothache. You should see the dentist and get an X-ray. You could eat some soft food for now. How did you hurt yourself ? I hurt myself when I fell off my bike. Be more careful next time. If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. Ask about health problems Describe health problems Give advice 表示 “应该...” ①肯定建议 例句:如果你不舒服,你应该看医生。 If you don’t feel well, you should see a doctor. should 应该 ②否定建议 should not/shouldn’t 不应当;不应该 例句:你不应该吃这么多的冰淇淋。 You shouldn’t eat so much ice cream. ③征询建议 一般疑问句,把should提到主语前 例句: -我应该量体温吗? -是的,你应该。/不,你不应该。 - Should I take my temperature? - Yes, you should./No, you shouldn’t. 情态动词should的基本句式结构 情态动词 should 1. 肯定句 2. 否定句 3. 一般疑问句 4. 特殊疑问句 主语 + should + V原 + 其它 主语 + shouldn’t + V原 + 其它 Should + 主语 +V原 + 其它 ? Yes, 主语 + should. 特殊疑问词 + should + 主语 +V原 + 其它 ? No, 主语 + shouldn't. 肯定回答 否定回答 翻译： 1. 你应该在睡前刷牙。 You ______ ______ your teeth before you go to bed. 2. 你不应该天天玩游戏。 You ______ ______ games every day. 3. 他们应该在天黑前到达。 They ______ arrive before dark. shouldn’t play should brush should 句型转换： 4.He should lie down and have a rest. 否定句: ____________________________________. 一般疑句: ___________________________________? 5. You should get an X-ray. (提问) ________________. He shouldn’t lie down and have a rest. Should he lie down and have a rest What should I do? 用于提建议时,比should语气更委婉。 could 可以 例句1:头疼的时候，你可以听听轻音乐来放松。 You could listen to some soft music to relax when you have a headache. 例句2:如果你想保持身体健康，可以每天做一些运动。 You could do some exercise every day if you want to stay fit. should与could表示建议时的区别 should could 更直接、更强烈，常常带有一种责任或义务感 更侧重于给出一种可行的选择，语气更温和 1.发烧时你应该多喝水。 2.喉咙痛时你不应该说太多话。 3.如果你头疼，可以向老师申请休息一下。 You should drink plenty of water when you have a fever. (直接的健康建议, 带有义务感) You shouldn’t talk too much if you have a sore throat. (明确的禁止性建议) You could ask your teacher for a break if you have a headache. (提供一个可选的解决办法) 4c Complete the passage with should, shouldn’t, or could. Mobile phones are useful, but you ________ use them wisely. To protect your eyes, every 20 minutes, you ________ rest your eyes and look at something far away. What’s more, you ________ change your screen's brightness to try and match your environment and make the words on the screen bigger. Of course, you ________ look at your phone just before you go to bed, and you certainly ________ look at it when you cross the road! In fact, you ________ avoid using your phone too often. You ________ listen to music instead of watching videos. You ________ also talk to your friends instead of sending them messages. /ˈbraɪtnəs/ n.亮度 / ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n.环境 /krɒs/ v.穿越;横过;交叉 11 4c Complete the passage with should, shouldn’t, or could. Mobile phones are useful, but you ________ use them wisely. To protect your eyes, every 20 minutes, you ________ rest your eyes and look at something far away. What’s more, you ________ change your screen's brightness to try and match your environment and make the words on the screen bigger. Of course, you ________ look at your phone just before you go to bed, and you certainly ________ look at it when you cross the road! In fact, you ________ avoid using your phone too often. You ________ listen to music instead of watching videos. You ________ also talk to your friends instead of sending them messages. should should/could could/should shouldn’t shouldn’t should could could What's the main idea of this passage? Topic sentence The passage gives advice on how to use mobile phones wisely. 有用，但要理智使用 及时休息环节视觉疲劳 亮度合适，字体大小合适 睡前看手机 过马路看手机 过度使用 少看视频 少发信息 12 Read and answer 1.Why should we rest our eyes every 20 minutes when using phones? 2. What are two things we shouldn’t do with our phones, according to the passage? To protect our eyes. We shouldn’t look at our phones before bed, and we shouldn’t look at them when crossing the road. 3. What are two suggestions the passage gives to reduce screen time? We could listen to music instead of watching videos, and talk to friends instead of sending messages. Mobile phones are useful, but you should use them wisely. To protect your eyes, every 20 minutes, you should rest your eyes and look at something far away. What’s more, you could change your screen’s brightness to try and match your environment and make the words on the screen bigger. Of course, you shouldn’t look at your phone just before you go to bed, and you certainly shouldn’t look at it when you cross the road! In fact, you should avoid using your phone too often. You could listen to music instead of watching videos. You could also talk to your friends instead of sending them messages. Language Points 明智地使用某物 保护某人的眼睛 让眼睛休息 看远处的东西 此外；而且 调整屏幕亮度 适应环境 过马路 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 太频繁 instead of doing sth. 而不是做某事 给某人发消息 I fell off my bike. 1.（动词）掉落；跌倒 过去式：fell fall off 从……掉下来 fall down 跌倒；倒塌 2.（动词）进入（某状态） 过去式：fell fall asleep 入睡 fall in love with 爱上 fall into 落入 3.（名词）（美式）秋天 in the fall/autumn 在秋季 Language points … try and match your environment … 1. match（动词）适应；符合 ◇ Chameleons match the environment by changing their colour. 变色龙通过改变体色来适应环境。 2. match （动词）相配 ◇ I need a tie to match my suit. 我需要一条领带来配我的西装。 3. match （名词）比赛；竞赛 ◇ a football match 一场足球比赛 1.To protect you eyes protect 动 ，保护，防护 过去式：protected，名：protection ①protect sb/sth from sth/doing sth 保护...免受...的伤害，保护...远离...的伤害 Parents try to protect their children from danger. 父亲努力保护孩子远离危险。 ②protect sb/sth against sth 保护...免受...的伤害，保护...远离...的伤害 You should wear a hat to protect you head against the sun. 戴上帽子防止头部晒伤。 Language points what’s more更为重要的是 用于引出更重要的信息，表示递进。既可放在句首，也可放在句中，其后常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。 · (2) What’s more , you could change your screen’s brightness to try and match your environment... 更为重要的是，你可以调整屏幕的亮度以匹配环境…… (教材 P15 4c) You have worked for such a long time. What’s more , it’s too late. 你已经工作了这么长时间，而且现在太晚了。 You should remember it, and what’s more, you should learn how to use it. 你应该记住它，更重要的是，你应该学会如何使用它。 (1)穿越；横过 指从物体表面穿过，相当于 go across。 The traffic light is red. It’s dangerous to cross ( = go across) the street now. 交通信号灯是红色的。现在过马路很危险。 (2)交叉 The two roads cross each other near the city hall. 这两条道路在市政厅附近相交。 (3)名词：十字形记号；叉形记号。 老师在这个问题上打了一个叉。 The teacher marked the question with a cross. (3) Of course , …and you certainly shouldn’t look at it when you cross the road! 当然，……过马路时当然更不应该看！ (教材 P15 4c) cross v.穿越；横过；n.十字形记号；叉形记号。 2.instead of 的用法：代替；而不是 ①instead of + 名词/代词，用来表示 “用 A 代替 B”， Let’s have fish instead of chicken for dinner. 我们晚餐吃鱼吧，别吃鸡肉了。 ②instead of + 动名词（doing） 表示 “做 A 这件事，而不是做 B 这件事”，of 是介词，后接动词 - ing 形式。 She went for a walk instead of staying at home. 她没有待在家里，而是去散步了。 Language points instead 与 instead of的区别： instead of instead 词性 介词短语，后面必须接短语 副词，单独实用，不接宾语 含义 代替，而不是 取而代之，相反地 用法 连接具体的两个被比较选项 单独使用，承上启下，代替前文提到的事物 例句 I‘ll have water instead of soda. （水 vs. 汽水） He studied instead of playing. （学习 vs. 玩耍） I don’t want soda. I‘ll have water instead. （不要汽水，我要水。） He didn’t play. He studied instead. （他没玩，而是学习了。） Language points How did you hurt yourself? I hurt myself when I fell off my bike. Be more careful next time. If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. 反身代词是表示________的代词,可译为_____________________，为加强语气，也常译为____________________ 。反身代词与它所指的名词或代词形成互指关系，在____________上应保持一致。 强调 “本人”、“本身” “亲自”、“自己” 人称和数 Read and find 1.反身代词的定义 4a Read the sentences. Underline the modal verbs for advice and circle the reflexive pronouns. 人称 主格 宾格 形物 名物 单数形式 复数形式 第一人称 I me my mine 第二人称 you you your yours 第三人称（他） he him his his 第三人称（她） she her her hers 第三人称（它） it it it its Reflexive pronoun myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself themselves herself themselves itself themselves 第一人称、第二人称的反身代词：形容词性物主代词 + self / selves 第三人称的反身代词：人称代词宾格 + self / selves 记忆口诀：一、二人称用“形物代 + self/selves”，第三人称用“宾代 + self/selves”。 有规律可循吗？ Grammar Focus 反身代词 reflexive pronouns After leaving the clinic, Judy went back to class by herself . She told herself to follow the doctor’s advice strictly. Judy herself decided to skip the sports meeting. The teacher asked Judy, herself, to make a cheer poster for the class sports meeting. By evening, Judy felt much better and was finally herself again. 具体用法 ①作介词的宾语 ②作动词的宾语 ③作主语的同位语 ④作宾语的同位语 ⑤作表语 skip /skɪp/ /skɪp/ v.不做，跳跃，蹦跳，逃课，旷工 不参加运动会 24 Grammar Focus 反身代词 reflexive pronouns 具体用法 ①作介词的宾语 ②作动词的宾语 ③作主语的同位语 ④作宾语的同位语 ⑤作表语 常见表达: by oneself — 独自地 for oneself — 为自己；亲自 believe in oneself — 相信自己 这个小男孩独自完成了作业。 The little boy finished his homework by himself. 我为我自己买了一件毛衣。 I bought a sweater for myself. Grammar Focus 反身代词 reflexive pronouns 具体用法 ①作介词的宾语 ②作动词的宾语 ③作主语的同位语 ④作宾语的同位语 ⑤作表语 常见表达: teach oneself — 自学(=learn...by oneself) hurt/cut oneself — 伤/割着自己 help oneself to — 随便吃/用... enjoy oneself — 玩得开心 孩子们，随便吃点水果吧。 Help yourselves to some fruit, kids. 我的表哥去年暑假自学了法语。 My cousin taught himself French last summer vacation. Grammar Focus 反身代词 reflexive pronouns 具体用法 ①作介词的宾语 ②作动词的宾语 ③作主语的同位语 ④作宾语的同位语 ⑤作表语 用法说明: 反身代词紧跟在主语之后，对主语进行强调，意为“正是……本人”，去掉后句子语法依然完整。 我们自己会在放学后打扫教室。 We ourselves will clean the classroom after school. 我姐姐亲手做了这个生日蛋糕。 My sister herself made this birthday cake. Grammar Focus 反身代词 reflexive pronouns 具体用法 ①作介词的宾语 ②作动词的宾语 ③作主语的同位语 ④作宾语的同位语 ⑤作表语 用法说明: 反身代词紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行强调意为“正是……本人”，去掉后不影响句子主干。 我们选了迈克本人当我们的队长。 We chose Mike himself as our team leader. 你应该去问一下Tom本人。 You should go and ask Tom himself. Grammar Focus 反身代词 reflexive pronouns 具体用法 ①作介词的宾语 ②作动词的宾语 ③作主语的同位语 ④作宾语的同位语 ⑤作表语 用法说明:反身代词置于系动词(be, feel, seem等)之后，充当表语，用来描述主语的状态回归到正常的“自己”。 做你自己就好了。 Just be yourself. 好好休息之后，她终于恢复了往日的状态。 After a good rest, she was finally herself again. 她感冒了，今天状态不太好。 She doesn’t feel herself today because of the cold. 照顾自己 自学 玩得高兴，过得愉快 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……） 弄伤自己 自言自语 相信自己 介绍自己 给自己穿衣服 独自地，独立地 Read and summarize 反身代词的常用短语 look after oneself / take care of oneself teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself enjoy oneself help oneself to sth hurt oneself say / talk to oneself believe in oneself introduce oneself dress oneself by oneself 4b Complete the sentences using the correct reflexive pronouns. 1. The girl cleaned the cut on her arm by ________. 2. Be careful when you’re using the knife! Don’t cut _________. 3. After taking the safety training, we can enjoy _________ in the mountains. 4. Mr Liu knows how to take care of his health because he used to be a doctor __________. 5. The students are young, but they know how to protect ___________. 6. Her clearest memory is not of the race _______, but the terrible pain in her legs the next day. [naɪf]刀 [ˈseɪfti] 安全 /klɪə(r)/ 清晰的，清楚的 31 The girl cleaned the cut on her arm by _______. Be careful when you're using the knife! Don't cut _______. We couldn't enjoy _______ while our mother was in hospital. Mr Li knows how to take care of his health because he used to be a doctor _______. The students are young, but they know how to protect _______. Her clearest memory is not of the race _______, but the terrible pain in her legs the next day. 4b Complete the sentences using the correct reflexive pronouns. herself yourself ourselves himself themselves itself 祈使句省略对方you by oneself(作宾语) cut oneself(作宾语) enjoy oneself(作宾语) 作主语he的同位语 protect oneself(作宾语) 作宾语race的同位语 2. Be careful when you're using the knife! 用刀的时候要小心！ 他昨天买了3把刀。 He bought three knives yesterday.  knife （可数名词）：刀，复数形式 knives 。 以-f(e)结尾将其变为ves构成复数的名词有: 狼(wolf)为活命(life)去捉羊，扮贼(thief)携刀(knife)叶(leaf)丛藏；架(shelf)后半(half)天不见羊，自己(self)妻子(wife)得慌。 Language points Mr Liu knows how to take care of his health because he used to be a doctor himself.刘先生知道如何照顾自己，因为他自己过去是医生。 used to do sth. “过去常常做某事（现在不做了）” be used to (doing) sth. “习惯于(做)某事” 例句：She used to play the piano every day, but now she prefers painting. 她过去每天都弹钢琴，但现在更喜欢画画。 1.Tom ______ short hair, but now he has long hair. A. used to have B. used to having C. is used to have D. is used to having 2.完成句子。（用use相应形式完成） My mother ______________ (cook) delicious food for us every weekend, but now she is too busy. A used to cook (1)Her clearest memory is not of the race itself , but the terrible pain in her legs the next day. 她最清晰的记忆不是比赛本身，而是第二天腿上的剧痛。(教材 P15 4b) clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v.清理 [形容词]清晰的；清楚的副词 clearly(清楚地) With hard work and clear plans, you will become successful in your study. 通过努力学习和清晰的计划，你就会在学习上取得成功。 It’s your turn to clear the table. 该轮到你收拾餐桌了。 I want you to clear all this mess up( = clear up all this mess) . 我想让你把这些乱七八糟的东西收拾干净。 [动词]清理 clear up 清理，使整洁 1.I _______________ my head.我头痛。 2.She is going through _______________________ growing up. 她正经历着成长的苦与乐。 3.My foot is still too _________ to walk on. 我的脚还是疼得不能走路。 pain n. 疼痛；痛苦 身体上的疼痛 精神上的痛苦  a pain in +the + 部位  “某部位痛” Have a pain in +the + 部位  【拓】形容词 painful （痛苦的） have a pain in the pleasures and pains of painful 4d Act out an illness or injury. Have the others guess what it is and give advice. Do you have a sore throat / bad cold /. . . ? Did you fall from your bike / cut yourself /. . . ? You should / could / shouldn’t . . . Attention: 1. Use clear body language. 2. Match facial expressions to the illness. 3. No talking while acting—let actions speak. 4. Keep movements simple and safe. 5. Have fun with it! 当堂检测 get an X-ray fall off the bike clean the cut by oneself enjoy oneself / have fun / have a good time cross the road see the dentist used to be a doctor fell off the bike easily hurt ourselves Her clearest memory the terrible pain in her legs What's more screen's brightness match your environment instead of watching videos should avoid using 一、根据句意用适当的反身代词填空 1.Luckily, he didn’t hurt ________ badly in the car accident. 2.Don’t worry. We can finish the model plane by _________. 3.Those children enjoyed __________ at the class party. 4.Help __________ to some fish, Lily and Lucy. 5.After the accident, I felt _______ another person. himself ourselves themselves yourselves myself Exercises 二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 1. 你应该按时完成作业。 You _______ ______ your homework on time. 2. 你不应该相信陌生人。 You ________ ______ strangers. 3. 我应该打开窗户吗？ 　______ ____ ______ the window? 4. 他胃痛，24小时内不要进食。 He has a stomachache. He _________ ____ anything in 24 hours. 5. 请再说一遍好吗？ _______ you say it again, please? 6. 你可以听音乐放松一下、 You ______ ______ ____ _______ to relax. should finish shouldn’t believe Should I open shouldn’t eat Could could listen to music Exercises $