Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained 单词 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Period Four Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained (Reading) 1 1.variation n.变化物,变体;差异,变动 (1)vary vi. 变化,不同,变更,改变 vary from…to… 在……与……之间变化 vary with… 随……变化 vary in… 在……方面不同/有差异 (2)variety n. 种类,变化 a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的 (3)varied/various adj. 各种各样的 2 (1)单句填空 ①［2023·全国乙卷］Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical _________(vary). variation ②［2023·浙江1月考］The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist, who taught us about the different characteristics and uses of ______________(vary) plant species. various/varied 【活学活用】 3 ③The school library provides a _______(vary) of original works, helping to meet the needs of different students. ④Frankly speaking, the relationship between them varies _____ the changes of the time. ⑤Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary ___ characters and hobbies. variety with in 4 (2)完成句子 (应用文写作之新闻报道) Last week we had a heated debate about the issue and the students' views ______________________ _______. 上周,我们就这个问题进行了激烈的辩论,学生们的观点各不相同。 varied from person to person 5 2.bacteria n.（复数）细菌 bacterium n.(单数)细菌 medium → media curriculum → curricula 6 3.classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类 (1)classify…into/as… 把……分类成/为…… classify…by/according to… 根据……将……分类 (2)classification n. 归类,分类,分级 a class player/performer Immigrant workers were classed as aliens. different classes of drugs class n. 班；课;阶级；种类 v. 把...看作（或分类、归类） adj.很好的；优秀的 7 (1)单句填空 ①Class means a person's economic position, a commonly used ____________(classify) of which is lower class, middle class and upper class. classification ②The books in the library should _____________(classify) according to subjects. be classified 【活学活用】 8 (2)完成句子 I've found many girls Jennifer ____________ “mean” were the sweetest people in the world. 我发现很多被詹妮弗归类为“刻薄”的女孩都是世界上最甜美的人。 classified as 9 3.rare adj. 稀有的；（肉）半熟的；稀薄的 ~ (for sb.) to do sth. rarely adv. 很少地；难得 rareness n. 稀薄；稀罕 It’s rare to find such loyalty these days. a rare disease/book/plant 10 4.opposed adj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物 (1)as opposed to (表示对比)而;而非 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事;与(做)某事对立 (2)oppose v. 反对;抵制 oppose (doing) sth(=object to doing sth.) 反对(做)某事 oppose one's doing sth 反对某人做某事 (3)opposing adj. 相反的,对立的,截然不同的 11 (1)单句填空 ①Animal rights activists oppose ______(use) any mammal as an organ factory. using ②In a football match, players try to kick or head the ball into the __________(oppose) team's goal, which is the net between two big goalposts fixed in the ground. opposing ③The majority of members were opposed ____ my proposal, which upset me greatly. to 【活学活用】 12 ①［2025·浙江1月考］The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, _______________ a restaurant where the service is impersonal. 这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比， 在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的。 as opposed to (2)完成句子 13 ②_________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _______________ this sum of money into the project, for it was a complete waste of money. 他坚决反对把这笔钱投到那个项目中,因为这完全是浪费。 He strongly opposed investing/He was strongly opposed to investing/He strongly objected to investing/He was strongly against investing 14 4.depressing adj.令人沮丧的 depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的 depressive adj.抑郁的；压抑的 depression n. depress v.压低；使沮丧；使萧条 depressing：描述事物给人的感受 → “令人沮丧的、让人郁闷的” depressive：描述与抑郁症相关的特征或状态 → “抑郁性的、抑郁的” 15 5.sample n.样本，样品； vt.品尝，尝试；对...做抽样调查 The interviews were given to a random sample of students. a blood sample I sampled the delights of Greek cooking for the first time. 16 6.estimate vt.估计, 估算 (1)be estimated to be/have/cost 估计是/有/花费 It is estimated that… 据估计…… (2)estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计;判断,评价 17 (1)单句填空 ①The company's market value is estimated _______(be) worth around $369 million. ②According to a rough ___________(estimate), the beautiful antique vase is worth over a million yuan. to be estimation 【活学活用】 18 (2)句式改写 People estimate that 80% of all conversations in English is small talk. → ___________________ 80% of all conversations in English is small talk. (用it作形式主语改写) It is estimated that 19 8.bury (buried, buried) vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏 (1)bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸 (2)bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于;专心于 be buried in thought 陷入沉思 20 (1)单句填空 ①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, ________(bury) herself in the book. ② _______(bury) in thought, he didn't realize that all the others had left. burying Buried 【活学活用】 21 (2)一句多译 她用手捂住脸,开始抽噎起来。 →She ____________________________ and began to sob. →She began to sob, ____________________________. (用独立主格作状语) buried her face in her hands her face buried in her hands 22 9.pose vt.造成（~ sth）; 提问；质询(~ a question) 摆好姿势 (~ for sb/sth); 佯装；冒充(~ as sb) n.姿势; 故作姿态 Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. Can we go back to the question that Helena posed earlier? pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险 23 10.steadily adv.稳定地 steady adj.（发展、增长等）稳步的；稳定的；平稳的 v. 使稳住；使平静； a steady decline in numbers His breathing was steady. a steady job/incom I met his steady gaze. as steady as a rock 十分可靠；稳如泰山 24 11.trial n.[C]&[U]试用；试验；审判 on trial 在试用中；在受审 by/through trial and error 反复试验；不断摸索 trail 小路，小径; 足迹; 路线 12.thorough adj.彻底的；（人）仔细的；（程度）完全的 Everything was in a thorough mess a thorough knowledge of the subject She’s very thorough and conscientious. 25 1.(教材P58) With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.最近,有新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病 做对比,吉姆·史密斯在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索,从而 创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。 26 句型公式 “with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 with recent press reports drawing parallels…是with的复合结构,由 “with+名词+v.-ing”构成。该结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语, 也可作后置定语。 常见的with复合结构: (1)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语; (2)with+宾语+doing(表主动、进行); (3)with+宾语+done(表被动、完成); (4)with+宾语+to do(表未做)。 27 【相关拓展】 (1)with+名词+形容词 如: Before he came here, my father used to sleep with his eyes open. 我父亲来这儿之前,常常睁着眼睛睡觉。(表示伴随情况) (2)with+名词+介词短语 如: The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。(表示伴随情况) 28 (3)with+名词+现在分词 如: With house prices going up so fast, we can't even afford a second-hand house. 由于房价上涨很快,我们甚至连一套二手房都买不起。(表示原因) (4)with+名词+过去分词 如: He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他站了片刻,手仍然举着。(表示被动的动作) 29 (5)with+名词+不定式 如: The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可以参观,这个小孩感到激动。(表示将来的动作) 30 (1)单句填空 ①［2023·浙江1月考］With gas prices ______(rise) and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? rising 【活学活用】 31 ②［2023·浙江1月考］Then, with one end of a rope _____(tie) to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began climbing. tied ③With so many essays _________(write), he won't have time to go shopping this morning. to write 32 (2)完成句子/一句多译 ①(读后续写之情绪描写) _____________________________________ ______, she rushed down to Shanda, giving her a big hug. 高兴的泪水顺着脸颊流下来,她冲到Shanda跟前,给了她一个大大的拥抱。 With happy tears running down her cheeks 33 ②随着时间的推移,更多的学生和老师都渴望加入我们的英语口语俱 乐部。 → _________________, more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Spoken English Club. (用as状语从句) → ____________________, more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Spoken English Club. (用with复合结构) As time goes by With time going by 34 2.(教材P59) Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.现今科学家 估计,发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病,这成为罗马帝国衰落 的一个主要原因。 句型公式 v.-ing作结果状语 35 【句式点拨】 句中making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时,其动作伴随谓语动词的 动作同时发生,常表示自然而然或顺理成章的结果,有时会在分词前面 加上thus。 36 ［温馨提示］不定式也可以作结果状语,通常表示出乎意料的结果,其 前常加only表强调。如: I rushed to the station in a hurry, only to find the train had already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站, 不料却发现火车已经开走了。 The fire lasted nearly two days, leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了将近两天,没剩下什么值钱的东西。 37 (1)单句填空 ①The fire was too big and out of control, ________(burn) the whole building down. ②The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _____________ ________(inform) that the film star had left. burning to be informed 【活学活用】 38 ①The online concert has broken the limitation of time and space, thus _______________________________ the future development of theatres. 线上音乐会不受时空限制,为剧场未来的发展提供了一个新机遇。 providing a new opportunity for ②［2021·浙江1月考读后续写］It turned out that people liked and forwarded it crazily on the Internet, only _________________ _______________. 结果,人们在因特网上疯狂地点赞并转发它,却让我成了网络名人。 to make me an Internet celebrity (2)完成句子 39 $