Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words and Expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Words & Expressions Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 1 adversity /ədˈvɜ:səti n.困境;逆境 wage /weɪdʒ/ n.工资 bitter  /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的 adverse adj.不利的，有害的，敌对的 dilemma n. 困境 in adversity 在困境/逆境中 bitterness n.苦味 bitter cold 严寒 克服逆境 _________ the adversity overcome = pay, salary，income endurance un.忍耐力；耐久力 endure v.忍耐；持续 endurable adj.能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的 unendurable adj.无法忍受的 1.It's pretty but not _________(endure). Moreover, I can’t afford it. 2.Driven beyond _________(endure), Tom ran away from the classroom. 忍无可忍 endurable endurance endure doing sth 忍耐做某事 vigor / vigour n.精力；力量；活力 vigorous adj.充满活力的，精力充沛的 energy n. energetic adj. be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛 定期锻炼可以使我们精力充沛。 Regular exercise can help us be full of energy/vigour . 拒绝(某人) turn sb down turn sth down 把……调低 turn one’s back on sb/sth 对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事 turn to 求助于；转向；翻至(某一页) turn up 出现；把……调高 turn over 翻过来；移交 turn out 结果是……；生产，制造 近：reject /refuse/decline (1)All the candidates must turn ___ the application forms and relevant materials before the deadline. (2)When you pay a visit to a Chinese family, you had better turn ___ on time or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time. in up qualified adj.符合资格；具备…的知识(或技能、学历等) qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格 qualification cn.资格；资历；资格证书 ①be qualified for sth. 有资格获得/能胜任某物 ②be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 ③qualify sb. to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事 1.If you want to apply for that job, you need to prove in your resume that you are qualified for that position. 2.I don't know much about it, so I am not qualified _____(comment). 3.The competition will qualify you ______(go) to the key university. to go to comment have (no) qualifications for/ to do... (没)有(做)……的资格 • be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情 be enthusiastic to do sth. 做某事很热情 • with enthusiasm＝enthusiastically adv.热情地 adj.热情的；热心的 (enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiast n.热心者，爱好者 enthusiasm n.热情；热忱) (1)Without my teacher’s guidance，I wouldn’t have been enthusiastic English and absorbed in learning English. (2)The boy lifted his head with watery eyes，regretting，“I promise to treat others (enthusiastic) from now on.” ＝The boy lifted his head with watery eyes，regretting，“I promise to treat others with (enthusiastic) from now on.” about enthusiastically enthusiasm enthusiastically adv.热心/满腔热情地;极感兴趣的 enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 ①be enthusiastic about... 对…充满热情的 ②be enthusiastic to do sth. 对做某事充满热情 enthusiasm n.热心；热情 enthusiast n.爱好者 with enthusiasm＝enthusiastically adv.热情地 1) Without my teacher’s guidance, I wouldn’t have been enthusiastic _____ English and absorbed in learning English. 2) They cheered both teams ____ enthusiasm. about with board cn. 板子; 地板; 董事会 aboard adv.& prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) abroad adv. 在国外 adj.往国外的 broad adj.宽阔的 road cn.公路 1.登机/上船 go aboard the plane/ship 2.用以上单词填空 1)He rented out his house at home while he worked _______. 2)The plane crashed, killing all 200 people _______. 3)He greeted them with a wave and a _______ smile. abroad aboard broad on board 在船(火车、飞机)上 assignment cn.任务；作业； assign vt.分派；布置；分配 ①assign sb.sth. 给某人分配(布置)某物/某事 ＝ assign sth.to sb. ②assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 1. The teacher assigned a different task ____ each of the students. 2.The monitor assigned us __________(make) preparations for the party the next week. 3.The task ________(assign) must be finished as scheduled. to to make assigned captain steward cn. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 stewardess cn.女乘务员，女服务员 I was green with envy when I saw her luxury car worth a million dollars. 忌妒得脸发青/眼红 envied-envied 1.They envied the young woman _______(earn) so much。 2.They say such scandalous things about you out of envy. Don’t take them seriously. 3.Tom was _______(envy) of his brother's success in business. envious earning envy n.&vt. 羡慕；妒忌 ①envied sb. (doing) sth. 羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 ②out of envy 出于羡慕/嫉妒 ③with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒 envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的 ④be envious of sb. 羡慕/嫉妒某人 crush vt.压坏/压碎 cn.拥挤的人群; 暗恋/迷恋 形近：crash [kræʃ] v./n. 坠毁;猛撞; 碰撞 get/be crushed by 被……挤压 have a crush on sb. 迷恋某人 sink cn. 水槽/水池 vi. 沉没;下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 be sunk in sth 陷入...中 sb’s heart sinks 心里一沉（指心情沮丧） sink-sank-sunk sink-sunk-sunk 1.She just sat there, sunk in thought. What’s our target? Key universities!! So how many words has you memorized? 1.Please don't abandon yourself _______ playing computer games. 2.The little boy claimed that his parents had abandoned ______(raise) him. 3.At the party , people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives. addict oneself to to raising abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放任/纵 ①abandon oneself to(介词) 沉溺/纵情于； ②abandon doing... 放弃做…… ③with abandon 恣意/放纵地; 尽情地 abandoned adj.被抛弃的；报废的；自暴自弃的 be abandoned to doing sth. 放弃做某事 不用于进行时和被动语态 (用复数) 1.Look after your personal _________(belong) while waiting for the bus. 2.As the president addressed at the graduation ceremony, struggling for our dreams offers us a sense of _________(belong). 3.The contents of shipwrecks belong ______ the state. 4.It is known to us that China is a country which __________(belong) to the Third World. 5.As is known to us, China is a country __________(belong) to the Third World. belongs belonging belongings belonging to belongings n.财物；动产 belonging n.归属 belong vi.属于 ①belong to 属于……；是……的成员 banjo n.班卓琴(乐器) The man is playing the banjo. misery un.痛苦 miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 miserably adv. 痛苦地; 艰苦地; navy /ˈneɪvi/ n.海军;海军部队 navy adj. 深蓝色的 cosy /'kəʊzɪ/adj.温馨的;舒适的 cosiness n.舒适；安逸 （= coziness） cosily adv. selfish /ˈselfɪʃ adj.自私的 selfless adj.无私的 selfishness n.自私 selflessness n.无私 某人做某事是自私的 It is selfish of sb. to do sth. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 genuinely adv. 真诚地 genius n. _____ 天才 perseverance n.毅力;不屈不挠精神 persevere vi.坚持;孜孜以求 with perseverance 坚持不懈地 persevere in (doing) sth 在…… 方面坚持不懈 persevere with sth. 坚持做某事 perseverant adj.锲而不舍的 resolve ①resolve to do sth. 决定/决心做某事 ②resolve on (doing) sth. 决定/决心(做)某事 ③resolve that从句 决定... resolution n.决心/定[C];决议[C]；解决[U]; ④make a resolution to do sth. 决心/决定做某事 1.He resolved to do something to help the children he had met. =He resolved ____ doing some thing to help the children he had met. =He resolved ____ he would something to help the children he had met. 2.How can we resolve this apparent contradiction? 3.Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue. on that vi. & vt. 决定/决心； 解决(问题或困难) un. 决心/坚定的信念 cruel adj.残忍的；令人极痛苦的； cruelly adv.残忍地；令人极痛苦地； cruelty n.残忍/残酷 ➊ be cruel to ... 对...残忍 I can't stand people who are cruel to animals. thorough adj.深入的;彻底的 thoroughly adv.彻底地; 非常，极其 ➊ through adv. __________ ➋ though conj. ______ 同: although ➌ thought n. _____ 通过, 穿过 尽管 想法 1.一件家具 a piece of furniture furniture un.（椅子/桌子/床/橱柜等）家具； furnish vt.为……配备家具;提供 furnished adj.配备家具的 misfortune n.不幸/厄运 fortune n.大笔的钱/巨款【C】；运气/机遇【U】； 命运【常用复数】 fortunate adj.幸运的 unfortunate adj.不幸运的 fortunately adv.幸运地； unfortunately adv.不幸地 =lucky =unlucky =luckily =unluckily =luck =unluck 1.发财/致富 make a/one’s fortune 2.碰运气 seek one’s fortune 3.I was fortunate ________(work) with a brilliant head of department. =I was fortunate ______ working with a brilliant head of department. =It is fortunate ______ I worked with a brilliant head of department. 3.我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。 I am fortunate to get a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road. ①be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 很幸运做某事 ②It’s fortunate that从句（主语从句） ……很幸运 to work in that “Don’t just stand there, give me a hand,” she barked at the shop assistant. bark vi.（狗）吠叫； n.狗叫声；树皮 大声嚷/吼叫； rugby n.（英式）橄榄球 bat n.蝙蝠；球拍/球棒/球板 vt/vi.用球板击球； bat-batted-batted-batting the table tennis bat 1.She has batted the flies away. 拍打/挥打 guidance un.指导/引导 guide vt.带领/引导/指导 cn.指导的人→导游/向导；指导者； 指导的物→指南手册；指导方针 under one’s guidance 在某人的指导下 guide sb. to sp. 领某人去某地 guide sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事 1.导游 a tour guide 2.a Guide to Family Health 家庭健康指南 3. I let my feelings be my guide. 4.Students _____________(guide) around the museums yesterday. 5.我母亲的生活原则是做事堂堂正正，她对我有着深刻的影响。（定语从句） My mother, whose guiding principle in life was doing right, had a great influence on me. were guided 1.The Sunday papers are full of ______________(advertise) for cars. 2.在报纸上登广告 put/place an advertisement in a paper/newspaper 3.在网上登广告 post an advertisement advertising un.广告业/广告活动 advertise vt./vi.为做广告/宣传；征聘/寻找 advertisement cn.广告； advertiser cn.登广告者；广告商 advertisements corporate adj.公司的； 法人的； 团体的/全体的 corporation cn.大型公司/企业集团；法人/法人团体 1.Her hands were rough from hard work. 2. I have got a rough idea of what he looks like. 3.They complained of rough handling by the guards. 4.The ship went down in rough seas. 5.The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. rough adj.（表面）粗糙的； 粗略的/不确切的； 粗野的/粗暴的；汹涌的/风浪很大的 （时期）艰难的； navigator cn.（船舶/飞机上的）领航员;航行者 navigate vt/vi.导航/指引方向；在（水上）航行； 成功应付（困难复杂的情况） navigation un.航行学/航海术；（水上的）航行； （网站的）导航 1.We managed to navigate our way through the forest. 2.The river is too dangerous to navigate. 3.We next had to navigate a complex network of committees. The wood gave off a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned. 2.We have 1,000 CDs to give away to our readers. 3.Don’ worry, I won’t give you away. 4.The government refused to give in to their demands. 5.All assignments must be given in to your teacher by Friday. 6.Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street. 7.My money was giving out and there were no jobs to be found. 8.A gas lamp gave out pale yellowish light. 9.She gave up her job and started writing poetry. give off 放出（热/光/气味/气体） give away 赠送；泄露（秘密）/暴露 give in 屈服/让步/投降；上交 give up 放弃（尤指经常做的事/努力） give out 分发；耗尽/用光；发出（光/热/信号） 1.Sue tried to smile, but her voice gave her _________. 2. If plastic and rubber are burnt, they’ll give _______ poisonous gases. 3.The children were required _______________ their examination papers immediately. 4.After two days, our food _______________ and we had to return. 5.Coastguards （海岸警卫队）____________ all hope of finding the two divers alive finally. 5.中国人将永远不会屈服于任何灾难，无论它是什么，无论它来自哪里。（让步状语从句） The Chinese people will never give in to any disaster no matter what it is and no matter where it is from. away gave out off to give in gave up commitment n.承诺/承诺的事【C】； （对组织/活动的）投入/奉献/忠诚【U】； commit v.犯（错误/罪行）；投入（钱/时间/人力等）； 承担义务/做出保证 committed adj.尽心尽力的/坚定的 1.自杀 commit suicide 2.犯罪 commit a crime commit-committed-committed；committing ①commit A to B 把A投入B ②sb. commit (oneself) to doing sth. 某人承诺(自己)做某事/致力于 = sb. be committed to doing sth. =sb. make a commitment to doing sth. 1.He clearly committed himself to _________ (continue) down the path of economic reform. =He was committed to continuing down the path of economic reform. =He made a commitment to continuing down the path of economic reform. continuing Confucianism n.孔子学说/儒家（学说） Confucius n.孔子 Confucian n.儒家的/儒学的/孔子学说的 1.孔子学院 the Confucious Institute 2.孔子庙 the Confucious Temple $