期中复习之阅读理解15篇（期中热点话题）-2025-2026学年高二英语下学期期中复习（人教版）

期中复习之阅读理解15篇 （期中热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练：主要分为以下三个热点话题 1. 人与自我 2. 人与社会 3. 人与自然 每个话题对应五篇专项练习 人与自我 Passage 1 I was always the type of individual who hated being called on in class. It was not due to a lack of knowledge — I was, in fact, quite good at grasping the material. Rather, I disliked the spotlight being shone on me. Moreover, I had few friends, and being overweight since childhood often made me the target of jokes. When I first started attending the practice sessions, I really didn’t have a good handle on the game of basketball. To be honest, the rules of the game were a mystery to me. Luckily, I wasn’t the only one “new” to the game, so I resolved to do my best at each practice session. I was learning, and I was getting better even if it was little by little. I’ve found a way to change all that. It began when a teacher suggested that I try out for the basketball team. Initially, I didn’t take the idea seriously at all. Being chubby (圆胖的), I just knew that I’d only embarrass myself. But because the teacher — a favorite with me — kept insisting I “go for it”, I decided to give it a try. Then it became more fun and more motivating. I practiced and practiced. Pretty soon the competitive part of me was winning over my chubby-kid complex. I began to forget that I was chubby. I even discovered that my “size” wasn’t such a disadvantage at all; I could make a basket from right under the net and block at the same time! Gaining self-confidence in playing inspired me to try out other things. I have gone from“hiding”myself to raising my hand. With my new and improved self-confidence come more praises, some from teachers, and some from teammates and classmates. But these days, they also come from the face in the mirror — which is the “person” whose comments I value most. Best of all, I’m learning to really believe in myself. 1．Why did the author dislike being asked in class? A．He couldn’t figure out the answers. B．He felt uneasy about being noticed. C．He found the teaching style unappealing. D．He was engaged in developing friendships. 2．How did the author feel on hearing the teacher’s suggestion? A．Uninterested. B．Misguided. C．Appreciative. D．Confused. 3．How did playing basketball benefit the author? A．He dropped quite a bit of weight. B．He learned how to cooperate. C．He developed a funny personality. D．He became sure of himself. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Unlocking Confidence with Teamwork B．The Secret to Competitive Sports Spirit C．A Chubby Kid’s Journey of Growth D．The Lifelong Influence of a Teacher Passage 2 For most of my life, I treated taste as fixed. There were things I liked and things I didn’t, and that was that. Sticking to that belief had left me in a bit of a standstill. I stopped making time for new hobbies or trying anything new. Salsa lessons? No, thanks. Interactive theatre? Not for me. But my automatic “no” to anything that “wasn’t my thing” only kept me trapped in the same routine of work, sleep, eating, and that left me feeling listless and a little empty. So, in an effort to break the boredom, I began to question whether my taste was fixed at all, or whether it might be something I could train. I had read that children need 8 to 15 tries to accept a new food. Why shouldn’t the same principle apply to social activities for adults? I started small. When a friend invited me to a book club, I resisted the urge to dismiss it, despite my longstanding dislike of reading due to dyslexia (阅读障碍症). But I went anyway. I listened to the first book on audio book and, to my surprise, enjoyed the discussion and the people. Now I spend mornings reading. Then came music and performance: jazz clubs, line dancing, contemporary performance — all things I had previously ignored. Trying things you thought you wouldn’t enjoy, I found, became oddly addictive. I didn’t love everything straight away, but I stopped saying no before I had even begun. Most recently, I tried out my local library’s chess club. I was easily 30 years younger than everyone else, but that didn’t matter. Honestly, there was nothing quite like being wiped off the board by someone who had been playing since before your parents met. I felt more of a connection with others there than at any organized twenty-something social event I’ve attended. Putting “try something new” in my diary once a week broke up the work-commute-collapse cycle I had accidentally built my life around. Now I simply count to five, approach the friendliest-looking person with a “hello”, and any initial awkwardness quickly fades. Next week? Who knows. Maybe magic lessons. Maybe life drawing. Maybe both. 1．How did the author’s fixed idea affect her? A．It simplified her daily routine. B．It left her more time for work. C．It flattened her life into dullness. D．It spared her unwanted socializing. 2．Why did the author accept her friend’s invitation to a book club? A．To make a conscious shift in her life. B．To revisit a former interest in reading. C．To meet her friend’s repeated requests. D．To occupy a blank in her personal calendar. 3．How did the author feel when losing the chess game? A．Totally relieved. B．Slightly puzzled. C．Rather embarrassed. D．Somewhat delighted. 4．What message does the author try to convey? A．Learn to say no. B．Break out of your shell. C．Look before you leap. D．Let go of the past. Passage 3 In the mid-2010s, I got a job writing articles for a how-to website. For two years, I wrote pieces like “How to Speak Like a New Yorker” and “How to Get Rid of Dark Lips”. I didn’t get rich or win awards, but I learned to write clearly and organize ideas — skills I still use today in my creative career. AI has made my first job outdated. Today, instead of reading an article like “How to Become a Music Producer”, you can just ask ChatGPT. AI is also replacing many writing jobs. A quick job search now shows many positions focus not on producing copy, but on training AI models to sound more human. Generative AI promises to free artists from drudgery (单调乏味的工作), allowing them to focus on “real art”. But entry-level creative jobs are much more than that — they help young artists develop skills. Consider Francis Ford Coppola, who shot cheap films early in his career. Beyond money, these low-level jobs offer practice time and valuable mentorship (师徒关系). I moved into filmmaking by making rough cuts of videos for an online platform. I shot, edited, and published three videos a week. I received professional feedback and near-immediate audience reactions. This process forced me to sharpen my skills continuously. The optimistic view is that AI will create new forms of art, just as the camera once pushed painters to explore new styles. Independent filmmakers can now use top-level effects from their bedrooms. Musicians can add AI instruments to their compositions. In theory, AI could offer everyone unlimited artistic freedom. Yet past experience suggests that, like other technologies, AI may better serve the companies that develop it than the artists who use it. Removing entry-level work sounds good in theory, but for now, AI seems likely to threaten the careers of professionals. Creating art also requires creating artists. 1．What do the first two paragraphs mainly focus on? A．The author’s early jobs and how AI has made similar work less necessary today. B．How generative AI systems produce high-quality text. C．How AI companies train language models to write in a more human voice. D．Comparison between screenwriting, film editing, and corporate communications. 2．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．AI shortens the time required to cultivate a true artist. B．AI has freed artists from repetitive work to focus on real creativity. C．AI mainly benefits tech companies and threatens how artists are trained. D．AI will significantly expand access to artistic careers for the general public. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards AI’s impact on creative industries? A．Optimistic. B．Unclear. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．How AI Is Transforming Creative Industries B．The Hidden Danger of AI Taking Over Entry-Level Creative Work C．Famous Artists Who Started with Basic Work D．Why AI Will Never Replace Human Creativity Passage 4 Yasmeen Lari looked out of the car window across Pakistan’s Siran Valley, saddened by the loss of its once-green landscape. A massive earthquake just one week prior had killed up to 79,000 people and turned the valley into mud and flattened buildings. The 65-year-old architect was there to lead settlement reconstruction, but she had never done disaster-relief work before. She was filled with anticipation after a two-hour flight and this five-hour drive. Darkness had fallen before her driver pulled into the rescue base. At 1,500 meters, it was safer from aftershocks and rock slides than lower ground. When she stepped out of the car and was briefed on the villages needing immediate help, the enormity of the task ahead hit her full force. Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect since 1964, was famous for designing modern glass and concrete towers in Karachi. Here, though, she’d design earthquake-resistant homes with stone and wood. In a simple cottage near the camp, she would spend the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers to help displaced families build new homes, even as temperatures dropped and snow fell. “You can’t imagine the desolation (荒凉),” Lari recalls of those days in the mountains. Her team, often the first to arrive on the scene, were greeted with unexpected hospitality (热情款待), given the circumstances. On one visit, villagers pulled out their best chairs and table rescued from the earthquake. “They’d lost everything,” she says. “But they put this damaged table in front of us and covered it with a beautiful patterned cloth. And then they served us their World Food Programme food: biscuits, tea and eggs.” With each passing day, Lari was re-engineering her identity — from “starchitect” to humanitarian. The profession had been good to her, but she had grown disappointed with projects for the rich. And doing disaster-relief work felt deeply right. So she made it her new mission. 1．Why was Lari in Siran Valley? A．To help with the rebuilding. B．To study local housing styles. C．To develop a travel project. D．To survey earthquake damage. 2．How did Lari feel after learning about the villages in need? A．Calm. B．Eager. C．Beaten. D．Challenged. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．The cottage was too cold for work. B．The cottage was designed for campers. C．Lari adjusted her strategy to the situation. D．Lari preferred traditional building materials. 4．What effect did Lari’s days in the mountains have on her? A．She was inspired to value generosity. B．She was motivated to refocus her career. C．She was shocked by the villagers’ optimism. D．She was troubled by the lack of relief supplies. Passage 5 A few years ago, I walked into Panera and placed my order. After I paid and filled my plastic cup with water, I walked further into the cafe to find a seat. As I sat down, I noticed that at the table next to me, there was an older man with a cap eating his soup alone. The chair in front of him was empty; he wasn’t saving the seat. He was eating all alone. As this fact settled in, a feeling of sadness began to wash over me. Why was he eating alone? Was he lonely? Did he want someone to keep him company? This wasn’t the first time I’d felt sad when I noticed someone eating alone. I don’t like being alone very much, so I don’t like seeing people eat alone. I automatically assume they’re lonely and need someone to be there for them. For some reason, eating with other people is the norm. Modern society has evolved (进化) to the point where most people eat with others and do almost every activity together. If we need to get lunch before a class, we’d rather ask around to see if someone will come with us. But is it possible we just don’t want to appear lonely? For me, it’s easy to feel pressured to have to be around other people when I see everyone else around me accompanied by a friend almost all the time. So many people are always around someone else, and that may make people think we always need someone with us to feel better about ourselves. But that’s not true. We can enjoy being alone — not everyone needs to be constantly surrounded by friends to be happy. And we shouldn’t be afraid to eat alone if that’s what we want to do. We don’t have to do what everyone else does. Ultimately, I don’t think I’ll ever not get sad if I see someone eating alone, but I’ll bear in mind that maybe they just want a break from the world, or maybe they prefer it that way. It’s important to realize seeing someone doing something alone doesn’t always mean they’re lonely. 1．What was the author’s initial feeling seeing the man alone? A．Deep curiosity about his story. B．A strong sense of pity for him. C．Embarrassment for staring at him. D．Admiration for his courage. 2．What is the author’s opinion on social pressure according to paragraph 5? A．It is necessary for building friendships. B．It is unavoidable in modern society. C．It is unnecessary and misleading. D．It is helpful for self-improvement. 3．What does the author finally realize? A．People shouldn’t expect others’ company. B．Being alone doesn’t equal loneliness. C．Society’s norms withstand the test of time. D．Personal preference is less important. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Why We Feel Sorry for Others B．A Sad Memory: Story in a Café C．Eating Alone: Rethinking Its Meaning D．How to Avoid Social Pressure with Others 人与社会 Passage 1 As AI art generators (生成器) take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize? 1．What does the underlined word “wrinkles to iron out” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Problems to cope with. B．Bugs to find out. C．Folds to flatten. D．Clothes to smooth out. 2．How is AI art different from human art? A．It is the product of experience. B．It combines different styles of work. C．It costs less money to produce. D．It is not a mirror of humans’ emotions. 3．Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in the third paragraph? A．To prove the popularity of classic artworks. B．To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. C．To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. D．To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. 4．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. B．Artists can create more works with the help of AI. C．AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. D．There will be fierce competition in the art industry. Passage 2 Scientists from Swansea University have developed a new tool to help identify the best photovoltaic (PV)materials capable of maximizing crop growth while generating solar power. In a recent study published in Solar RRL, academics from the University's Department of Physics have been exploring the effect of semi-transparent (半透明) PV materials placed over crops — a successful application of agrovoltaics (农业光伏). As part of this work, the team has developed a practical freeware tool that predicts the light transmission,absorption, and power generation of different PV materials nearly anywhere on the globe using geographical,physical, and electrical measurements. This is essential for finding the best balance between growing food and producing clean energy. A key factor for refining agrovoltaics is selecting the appropriate PV material, which requires an understanding of how the material absorbs different wavelengths (colors) of light, as well as its bandgap. A wider bandgap means the material can absorb light that is higher- energy and has a shorter wavelength (blue), while a narrower bandgap allows the absorption of lower-energy, longer wavelength (red) light. By carefully selecting PV materials with specific bandgaps and absorption properties, researchers can accurately control the “color” of light transmitted through semi- transparent PVs to hit the crops, which mainly absorb red and blue light to photosynthesize (光合作用), reflecting green light. Project lead, Associate Professor Ardalan Armin, said,“By refining the combination of solar panels and agriculture, agrovoltaics has the potential to significantly contribute to the decarbonization of the agricultural sector.This approach not only generates clean energy but also enhances food security.” Solar panels or PVs can be attached to the roofs of greenhouses and can also be used to provide shelter for livestock (家畜). In return, the livestock can reduce maintenance costs by eating vegetation around the panels. However, careful consideration of the type of livestock is crucial as some species, like goats, can jump onto the PVs and cause serious damage. 1．What is the main function of the newly developed tool? A．To increase agricultural production. B．To lower farming energy expenses. C．To study global climate measurements. D．To forecast PV material performance. 2．What can researchers do to improve crop growth with light? A．Reflect green light to crops. B．Create light colors that suit crops. C．Use PV materials with the right bandgaps. D．Change crop light absorption abilities. 3．What should be considered in using PVs in livestock farming? A．Minimizing maintenance expenses. B．Ensuring animal well- being. C．Setting up physical barriers for the PVs. D．Avoiding animal damage to the panels. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The study of advanced PV materials. B．Cost reduction through solar energy use. C．A tool for boosting crops and solar power. D．New applications of solar panels on farms. Passage 3 Understanding and reacting to our emotions is how we survive. They may alert us and grab our attention, as when we feel fear and should run away. They may also assure us — we feel joy when we’re safe and nourished after a meal. But, perhaps no other sense has played a larger role in obtaining emotional cues from our environment than sight. Our ability to infer emotion from visual cues is primal. If we see someone who looks cross, we may feel fear; while encountering a person who looks happy may elicit a sense of calm or happiness. Although unproven, cognitive science suggests that visual art can evoke emotions in the viewer by exploiting emotional cues we’ve learned to read for thousand years. Certainly, studies using functional brain imaging technology bear this out. The same regions of the brain that are involved in experiencing emotion are activated when shown a piece of pleasing artwork. The use of color and symbolism can be recognizable to the viewer and evoke an emotion, even in abstract works. This can happen even if the conscious mind isn’t aware of the reason for the sudden onset of emotion. Red, for example, can indicate anger. A series of lines in disarray, like those found in the work of painter Franz Kline, can evoke uncomfortable feelings of disorder. The color red, and lines in disorder are all called cognitive antecedents. By including them in visual art, the artist may present an emotional state to be decoded and experienced by the viewer later on. The emotions elicited by a work of art aren’t necessarily intentional. They’re often individually and culturally specific. A Japanese viewer of the white turkeys depicted in Monet’s “Turkeys at Montgeron” may experience a sense of sadness or melancholy since white is associated with death in their culture. Perhaps an understanding of exactly how to elicit a specific emotion in the viewer is best left unsolved. To some, the best works of art are open to interpretation. 1．How do we primarily pick up emotional cues from the environment? A．With our eyes. B．With our tongues. C．With our ears. D．With our hands. 2．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The origins of human emotions. B．The methods of evoking emotions. C．The causes of people’s feelings. D．The underlying logic of visual art. 3．What does the author try to show by mentioning the Japanese viewer in paragraph 4? A．The popularity of Monet’s works. B．The impact of color selection. C．Color symbolism across cultures. D．Japanese people’s taste in art. 4．What does the author say about art appreciation? A．It should follow strict rules. B．It allows for varied readings. C．It depends on artist’s skills. D．It requires special guidance. Passage 4 Wetlands are widely valued as natural pollution cleaners and habitats for endangered species. Holding carbon dioxide-processing microbes (微生物) that play a key role in climate change dynamics, they’re also a key part of the carbon cycle: Although wetlands cover only about 3% of Earth’s surface, they account for as much as 30% of soil carbon storage. Yet some wetland microbes secrete another powerful greenhouse gas — methane, which may cancel out some of the benefits of pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Tringe, an environmental microbiologist in the U. S., is trying to determine just how much wetlands actually help counteract climate change, by turning to a novel discipline called metagenomics, which involves sequencing (测序) the collective genetic materials of all the microbes in a given location. Scientists use chemicals to take out the genetic material from an environmental sample — say, a cup of dirty water. They run cloned snippets (克隆片段) of the material through a sequencing machine, which reads out what makes up each snippet. After all the data are pieced back together, they reveal the distinct gene sequences of the millions of microbes in the sample. The result: a broad overview of the microbial community and the functions each microbe performs within the ecosystem. Tringe’s sampling has brought some evidence that certain landscape characteristics influence microbial populations in ways that affect greenhouse gas releases and carbon storage. Saltier wetland areas, for example, tend to attract microbial communities that produce less methane, as do areas with more active water flows. “We’re able to predict which sites might produce more or less methane,” Tringe says. Data, however, are still limited, so Tringe cannot definitively say how wetland restoration planners can best limit these releases while keeping carbon storage processes undamaged. Ultimately, Tringe wants to create computer models allowing experts to analyze the potential greenhouse gas effects of various restoration strategies. But what fires Tringe’s imagination even more than shaping wetlands’ environmental legacy is mapping a microbial universe that has long been hidden. 1．What does the underlined word “secrete” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Give off. B．Take in. C．Figure out. D．Break down. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Wetlands sampling. B．A novel discipline. C．Metagenomic sequencing. D．Microbial communities. 3．What are Tringe’s key findings about? A．Wetlands’ capacity for carbon storage. B．Methane’s great impact on microbial varieties. C．Predictive computer models for wetland restoration. D．Links between landscape features and methane releases. 4．What can be inferred about Tringe from the last paragraph? A．She prioritizes theoretical research. B．She encounters technological barriers. C．She innovates wetlands’ restoration strategies. D．She values exploration of the microbial world more. Passage 5 Caring 17-year-old Lauren Schroeder was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community. Volunteering at a food shelter when she was 14, and tasked with helping fill boxes for households in need with canned and packaged food, this Iowa teen felt that something was missing from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. So she shared with her parents her desire to start a garden on part of their family farm in Dixon, Iowa, to supply local families in need with fresh produce. Coming from a farming family, Lauren had some familiarity with agriculture and had helped raise rabbits and lambs, but had never tried vegetable cultivation at scale, though the Schroeders plant soybeans and corn each year on their 150-acre farm. The work involved in realizing Lauren’s plan was no walk in the park. Initially, while proud of her daughter’s vision, her mother, Katie Schroeder, admitted having some concern about the work involved: “I was wondering,‘Oh my gosh, how much work is this going to be?’ I wasn’t sure whether this would work.” This was one young change-maker, however! Lauren researched plants online, checking which species needed more shade, how much water was required, and when to harvest each crop. During Iowa’s hot summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around 2 to 3 hours daily. She also checked daily for weeds and bent down to pick her green bean crop. Thanks to her diligence, Lauren planted half an acre of land, with 15 varieties of vegetables in 2022, harvesting and weighing her first crops, with a first batch of 18 kilograms. In an interview with a local media channel, Lauren says, “I wanted to have something that’d impact people. I want to impact community members. Many people help you out, but it makes more of a difference when you help others out. That’s what makes me happiest.” 1．Why did Lauren start her own garden? A．Because of her family’s long tradition of farming. B．Because of the lack of fresh produce in donated food boxes. C．Because of a local media interview about community service. D．Because of her experience of raising rabbits and lambs on the farm. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The doubts Lauren’s mother had about the garden. B．The reasons why Lauren chose 15 varieties of vegetables. C．The challenges Lauren faced in harvesting crops. D．The efforts Lauren made to bring her idea to life. 3．What can be inferred about Lauren from the passage? A．She plans to major in agriculture in college. B．She relied heavily on her parents for farming advice. C．She is hardworking and committed to helping others. D．She started the garden mainly to gain online recognition. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Teen’s Garden: Growing Hope for the Needy B．The Importance of Fresh Vegetables in Food Banks C．How to Start a Vegetable Garden on a Farm D．Family Support: Key to a Young Girl’s Dream 人与自然 Passage 1 The sharp fin. The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s “Shark Week” are not the friendliest-looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals (刻画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complex, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they appear. One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. When sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey (猎物), seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark. Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the balance of an ecosystem through fear alone. Tiger sharks in Australia help protect seagrass meadows from turtles (海龟). Turtles eat the seagrass and without the sharks, they will destroy these meadows. When tiger sharks are present, though, the turtles are scared away, which controls their appetite for seagrass and promotes its growth. Though sharks have a reputation (名声) for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is happening because more and more people want their fins. About 100 million sharks are killed every year according to National Geographic. Shark fin is a way for people to show off their wealth. Shark fins are also believed to have medicinal benefits, though there is no evidence or proof that they actually do. Both of these ideas are putting pressure on the number of sharks in the ocean. 1．What do most people think of sharks? A．They are weak. B．They are ugly. C．They are complex. D．They are violent. 2．What does the author want to show by mentioning lightning in paragraph 2? A．Shark attacks are rare. B．Sharks swim fast. C．Shark bites are deadly. D．Sharks make mistakes. 3．Why are sharks important to the ocean? A．They scare humans away. B．They control its food chain. C．They maintain the ecological stability. D．They reduce the number of sea animals. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．SOS: Save Our Sharks! B．Sharks: King of the Ocean C．Shark Fins: An Ecological Crisis D．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? Passage 2 Today rocket launches and space missions are common. But in the early 1900s, space travel seemed like a dream. One of the most influential people in the field of rocket science was American Robert Goddard (1882-1945). The American space agency NASA describes him as “the father of modern rocket propulsion (推进)”. Goddard once said that “the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow”. His scientific work gave hope to many dreams about space travel. He turned some of those dreams into reality. Over one hundred years ago, Goddard carried out studies and tests of rocket engines. He developed and flew many rockets that got their power from solid fuels: chemicals that formed a hard substance. In 1925, he made and tested the first rocket engine using a soft chemical fuel. The next year, he successfully launched the world’s first liquid-fuel rocket. Many historians consider liquid-fuel rocket flight to be as important as the first airplane flight by the American brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright. Goddard’s work proved that machines could travel outside of Earth’s atmosphere and into space. During his early research, he received money and support from the US Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian published several reports about his efforts. One publication in 1919, called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, wrote about his search for ways to send weather recording instruments higher than balloons could fly. It described how he developed the mathematical theories for rocket flight. In that report, Goddard also suggested the possibility of a rocket someday reaching the moon. At the time, there was a big dispute in the press about this claim. Many people thought he was foolish for suggesting something that seemed so impossible. Many of Goddard’s ideas are still used in rocket development. So, in a way, every rocket that flies today could be considered a Goddard rocket. 1．What makes NASA highly praise Goddard? A．His various dreams and efforts. B．His first airplane experiment. C．His rocket experiments and research. D．His rocket power theory and predictions. 2．What does the underlined word “dispute” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Challenge. B．Breakthrough. C．Disagreement. D．Inspiration. 3．Which can best describe Robert Goddard? A．Intellectual and creative. B．Adventurous but self-centered. C．Cooperative but inefficient. D．Romantic and humorous. 4．What can we know about Goddard from the text? A．Many of his theories are still useful in developing rockets. B．He made the first rocket engine in 1919. C．His first book about his study was published in 1926. D．He launched the world's first liquid-fuel rocket in 1925. Passage 3 At the foot of Yinhu Mountain in Shenzhen, the Yulong landfill — once the city’s largest waste site — is busy in the early morning. After two decades undisturbed, the Yulong landfill’s 2.55 million cubic meters of waste — a volume large enough to fill 1,000 swimming pools — is now undergoing the nation’s largest excavation (挖掘) and relocation project, with dozens of excavators operating all out. Located near the city center, the landfill long polluted the nearby neighborhoods with terrible smells and dirty groundwater. Meanwhile, the increasing shortage of land resources has forced the city to fundamentally explore new approaches to tackling this waste pile problem. Now, at the site, trucks transport different categories of waste to sorting centers. After sorting, burnable materials of the household waste are transported to the energy ecological park for incineration (焚烧), thus turning waste into resources. In the incineration workshop, waste gas is kept above 850°C for at least two seconds to completely break down dioxins, a harmful byproduct. After many steps of purification, the gas released meets higher standards than those of the EU. The project can deal with 330,000 tons of burnable waste and produce 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity yearly, enough for 26,000 families. Pan Gong, an expert in solid waste research, said China’s waste-to-energy technology is world-leading. Chinese companies now lead the world in technology, cost control, and operational experience. Most equipment and components have been domestically produced, achieving independent control over the entire industry chain from waste collection and incineration to gas treatment. China is also sharing its experiences and technologies with the world. Speaking at the launch ceremony of a Chinese-funded waste-to-energy plant in Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz President Japarov said the factory would help solve waste processing issues while generating electricity and creating jobs. As of May 2025, Chinese companies had been involved in 79 overseas waste-to-energy projects. The “going global” of China’s waste-to-energy industry has become a key component of China’s participation in global environmental governance. 1．What was a problem caused by the Yulong landfill before relocation? A．It occupied too much farming land. B．It led to shortage of natural resources. C．It brought unpleasant smells and pollution. D．It prevented the development of local tourism. 2．Why is the excavated waste from Yulong landfill burned at temperatures above 850°C? A．To break down harmful substances. B．To burn the waste faster. C．To reduce the volume of waste. D．To generate more electricity. 3．What is a feature of Chinese waste-to-energy technology according to Pan? A．It adopts imported guidance. B．It remains under development. C．It targets the domestic market. D．It proves self-sufficient in equipment. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the working principle of a landfill. B．To urge global cooperation on waste processing. C．To compare waste processing technologies at home and abroad. D．To show the advantages and global influence of China’s waste-to-energy technology. Passage 4 This month, bee researcher Prof Dave Goulson talks to Helen Pilcher about his bees. Where does your interest in insects come from? My earliest memories involve butterflies, bees and wildlife generally. I remember finding some cinnabar caterpillars (朱砂毛虫) when I was at primary school. I took them home in my lunchbox. When I was 12, we went on a family holiday to Sweden and saw all these elephant hawkmoth caterpillars (象天蛾毛虫) crossing the road and I spent most of the holiday picking them up and moving them to safety. How are bees doing these days? Not great. There are 270 species of bee in the UK, including 26 types of bumblebee and the one and only honeybee, but they’re mostly in decline. Loss of living space, disease and the use of insecticides are all to blame. There are seven or eight species of bumblebee that are now very hard to find and overall numbers are declining. And it matters because... ? A third of the food we eat is dependent on insect pollinators (授粉昆虫) . The danger is that bees decline to a point where it affects crop pollination. This is already happening in some places. In parts of the world, people have to paint pollen onto fruit trees by hand. Bees are also vitally important for wildflowers. What can we do to help the bees? There are lots of things we can do to help. Plant bee-friendly flowers like thyme. Stop using insecticides and put up bee hotels. These don’t need to be expensive; just some bamboo sticks or a fence post with a few holes drilled in will do. If we could persuade everyone with a garden to do this, it would make a massive difference. Where are you happiest? In my meadow in France. I have a little farm in the middle of nowhere that I have turned into a nature reserve. Every summer we go for a month and potter about. 1．What does Professor Dave Goulson imply about himself? A．He was born with a love for insects. B．He remembered being frightened by insects. C．He found some rare insects when on holiday. D．He kept some caterpillars as pets while young. 2．According to Dave Goulson, what would happen if there were no bees? A．There wouldn’t be more harmful insects. B．We would suffer from a shortage of food. C．There would be an increase in wildflowers. D．Crop pollination wouldn’t be done by hand. 3．What does Dave Goulson suggest we do to help bees? A．Turn farms into nature reserves. B．Build some living space for bees. C．Develop bee-friendly insecticides. D．Plant flowers that keep insects away. Passage 5 Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children. The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature. Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection. Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining. Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added. 1．What change has Richardson traced in his study? A．Nature words have disappeared from books. B．People have less direct contact with nature. C．Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D．Parents spend more time outdoors with kids. 2．What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model? A．They are raised away from nature. B．They can’t adapt to changes in nature. C．High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D．Schools offer few nature science lessons. 3．What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text? A．Advancing long-term policies. B．Launching eco-friendly campaigns. C．Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D．Enlarging green space in certain areas. 4．Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________. A．nature contact varies from city to city B．people’s living habits are hard to change C．a new way to measure nature time is needed D．small efforts help improve contact with nature 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期中复习之阅读理解15篇 （期中热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练：主要分为以下三个热点话题 1. 人与自我 2. 人与社会 3. 人与自然 每个话题对应五篇专项练习 人与自我 Passage 1 I was always the type of individual who hated being called on in class. It was not due to a lack of knowledge — I was, in fact, quite good at grasping the material. Rather, I disliked the spotlight being shone on me. Moreover, I had few friends, and being overweight since childhood often made me the target of jokes. When I first started attending the practice sessions, I really didn’t have a good handle on the game of basketball. To be honest, the rules of the game were a mystery to me. Luckily, I wasn’t the only one “new” to the game, so I resolved to do my best at each practice session. I was learning, and I was getting better even if it was little by little. I’ve found a way to change all that. It began when a teacher suggested that I try out for the basketball team. Initially, I didn’t take the idea seriously at all. Being chubby (圆胖的), I just knew that I’d only embarrass myself. But because the teacher — a favorite with me — kept insisting I “go for it”, I decided to give it a try. Then it became more fun and more motivating. I practiced and practiced. Pretty soon the competitive part of me was winning over my chubby-kid complex. I began to forget that I was chubby. I even discovered that my “size” wasn’t such a disadvantage at all; I could make a basket from right under the net and block at the same time! Gaining self-confidence in playing inspired me to try out other things. I have gone from“hiding”myself to raising my hand. With my new and improved self-confidence come more praises, some from teachers, and some from teammates and classmates. But these days, they also come from the face in the mirror — which is the “person” whose comments I value most. Best of all, I’m learning to really believe in myself. 1．Why did the author dislike being asked in class? A．He couldn’t figure out the answers. B．He felt uneasy about being noticed. C．He found the teaching style unappealing. D．He was engaged in developing friendships. 2．How did the author feel on hearing the teacher’s suggestion? A．Uninterested. B．Misguided. C．Appreciative. D．Confused. 3．How did playing basketball benefit the author? A．He dropped quite a bit of weight. B．He learned how to cooperate. C．He developed a funny personality. D．He became sure of himself. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Unlocking Confidence with Teamwork B．The Secret to Competitive Sports Spirit C．A Chubby Kid’s Journey of Growth D．The Lifelong Influence of a Teacher 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者曾因肥胖自卑、怕被关注，在老师鼓励下尝试篮球，慢慢提升球技并克服自卑，收获自信，敢于展现自己，实现了自我成长。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Rather, I disliked the spotlight being shone on me.(相反，我讨厌有人把聚光灯对准我)”可知，作者不喜欢在课堂上被人提问是因为他觉得被关注会让他感到不安。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Initially, I didn’t take the idea seriously at all.(起初，我根本没把这个想法当回事)”可知，当听到老师提出建议时，作者不感兴趣。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Gaining self-confidence in playing inspired me to try out other things. I have gone from “hiding” myself to raising my hand. With my new and improved self-confidence come more praises, some from teachers, and some from teammates and classmates. But these days, they also come from the face in the mirror — which is the “person” whose comments I value most. Best of all, I’m learning to really believe in myself. (在打球中获得自信激励着我去尝试做其他事情。我从“躲藏”自己转变为主动举手发言。随着新的自信的增强，我得到了更多的赞美，有的来自老师，有的来自队友和同学。但如今，这些赞美也来自镜中的自己——这就是那个我最看重其评价的“自我”。最重要的是，我正在努力真正相信自己)”可知，打篮球让作者变得自信起来。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章讲述了作者曾因肥胖自卑、怕被关注，在老师鼓励下尝试篮球，慢慢提升球技并克服自卑，收获自信，敢于展现自己，实现了自我成长。可知，C选项“一个胖小子的成长历程”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 For most of my life, I treated taste as fixed. There were things I liked and things I didn’t, and that was that. Sticking to that belief had left me in a bit of a standstill. I stopped making time for new hobbies or trying anything new. Salsa lessons? No, thanks. Interactive theatre? Not for me. But my automatic “no” to anything that “wasn’t my thing” only kept me trapped in the same routine of work, sleep, eating, and that left me feeling listless and a little empty. So, in an effort to break the boredom, I began to question whether my taste was fixed at all, or whether it might be something I could train. I had read that children need 8 to 15 tries to accept a new food. Why shouldn’t the same principle apply to social activities for adults? I started small. When a friend invited me to a book club, I resisted the urge to dismiss it, despite my longstanding dislike of reading due to dyslexia (阅读障碍症). But I went anyway. I listened to the first book on audio book and, to my surprise, enjoyed the discussion and the people. Now I spend mornings reading. Then came music and performance: jazz clubs, line dancing, contemporary performance — all things I had previously ignored. Trying things you thought you wouldn’t enjoy, I found, became oddly addictive. I didn’t love everything straight away, but I stopped saying no before I had even begun. Most recently, I tried out my local library’s chess club. I was easily 30 years younger than everyone else, but that didn’t matter. Honestly, there was nothing quite like being wiped off the board by someone who had been playing since before your parents met. I felt more of a connection with others there than at any organized twenty-something social event I’ve attended. Putting “try something new” in my diary once a week broke up the work-commute-collapse cycle I had accidentally built my life around. Now I simply count to five, approach the friendliest-looking person with a “hello”, and any initial awkwardness quickly fades. Next week? Who knows. Maybe magic lessons. Maybe life drawing. Maybe both. 1．How did the author’s fixed idea affect her? A．It simplified her daily routine. B．It left her more time for work. C．It flattened her life into dullness. D．It spared her unwanted socializing. 2．Why did the author accept her friend’s invitation to a book club? A．To make a conscious shift in her life. B．To revisit a former interest in reading. C．To meet her friend’s repeated requests. D．To occupy a blank in her personal calendar. 3．How did the author feel when losing the chess game? A．Totally relieved. B．Slightly puzzled. C．Rather embarrassed. D．Somewhat delighted. 4．What message does the author try to convey? A．Learn to say no. B．Break out of your shell. C．Look before you leap. D．Let go of the past. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者曾认为喜好固定，拒绝新事物，生活单调空虚。为改变现状，她主动尝试读书、下棋等，逐渐走出舒适区，生活变得充实有趣。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“But my automatic “no” to anything that “wasn’t my thing” only kept me trapped in the same routine of work, sleep, eating, and that left me feeling listless and a little empty.(但我对任何不属于自己的事物都本能地拒绝，这使我陷入了重复的工作、睡眠、饮食的循环之中，这让我感到无精打采，内心也有些空虚)”可知，这位作者的固执想法使她的生活变得毫无生气，变得枯燥乏味。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“So, in an effort to break the boredom, I began to question whether my taste was fixed at all, or whether it might be something I could train.(因此，为了摆脱这种无聊的感觉，我开始思考自己的品味到底是否是固定不变的，还是说这或许是可以通过训练来改变的)”可知，作者接受朋友邀请参加读书俱乐部是为了有意地改变自己的生活状态。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Honestly, there was nothing quite like being wiped off the board by someone who had been playing since before your parents met. I felt more of a connection with others there than at any organized twenty-something social event I’ve attended. (老实说，那种被人在你还没出生的时候就就开始下棋的人面前就被淘汰出局的感觉，是前所未有的。在那里，我与他人的联系比我在任何一场有组织的二十多岁年轻人参加的社交活动中所建立的联系都要紧密得多)”可知，当作者输掉那场棋局时，他当时的心情稍许感到高兴。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Putting “try something new” in my diary once a week broke up the work-commute-collapse cycle I had accidentally built my life around. Now I simply count to five, approach the friendliest-looking person with a “hello”, and any initial awkwardness quickly fades. Next week? Who knows. Maybe magic lessons. Maybe life drawing. Maybe both.(每周在我日程表上安排一次“尝试新事物”的环节，打破了我原本无意间构建起来的以工作、通勤和崩溃为循环的生活模式。现在，我只需数到五，然后以“你好”向看起来最友善的人走去，随后任何最初的尴尬都会很快消失。下周？谁知道呢。或许是魔法课。或许是人体素描课。又或许是两者兼而有之)”可知，作者想要表达的是放开自己内心的束缚。故选B。 Passage 3 In the mid-2010s, I got a job writing articles for a how-to website. For two years, I wrote pieces like “How to Speak Like a New Yorker” and “How to Get Rid of Dark Lips”. I didn’t get rich or win awards, but I learned to write clearly and organize ideas — skills I still use today in my creative career. AI has made my first job outdated. Today, instead of reading an article like “How to Become a Music Producer”, you can just ask ChatGPT. AI is also replacing many writing jobs. A quick job search now shows many positions focus not on producing copy, but on training AI models to sound more human. Generative AI promises to free artists from drudgery (单调乏味的工作), allowing them to focus on “real art”. But entry-level creative jobs are much more than that — they help young artists develop skills. Consider Francis Ford Coppola, who shot cheap films early in his career. Beyond money, these low-level jobs offer practice time and valuable mentorship (师徒关系). I moved into filmmaking by making rough cuts of videos for an online platform. I shot, edited, and published three videos a week. I received professional feedback and near-immediate audience reactions. This process forced me to sharpen my skills continuously. The optimistic view is that AI will create new forms of art, just as the camera once pushed painters to explore new styles. Independent filmmakers can now use top-level effects from their bedrooms. Musicians can add AI instruments to their compositions. In theory, AI could offer everyone unlimited artistic freedom. Yet past experience suggests that, like other technologies, AI may better serve the companies that develop it than the artists who use it. Removing entry-level work sounds good in theory, but for now, AI seems likely to threaten the careers of professionals. Creating art also requires creating artists. 1．What do the first two paragraphs mainly focus on? A．The author’s early jobs and how AI has made similar work less necessary today. B．How generative AI systems produce high-quality text. C．How AI companies train language models to write in a more human voice. D．Comparison between screenwriting, film editing, and corporate communications. 2．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．AI shortens the time required to cultivate a true artist. B．AI has freed artists from repetitive work to focus on real creativity. C．AI mainly benefits tech companies and threatens how artists are trained. D．AI will significantly expand access to artistic careers for the general public. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards AI’s impact on creative industries? A．Optimistic. B．Unclear. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．How AI Is Transforming Creative Industries B．The Hidden Danger of AI Taking Over Entry-Level Creative Work C．Famous Artists Who Started with Basic Work D．Why AI Will Never Replace Human Creativity 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI取代入门级创意工作，看似便捷，实际上隐藏着危害——它切断了新艺术家成长锻炼的必经路径。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the mid-2010s, I got a job writing articles for a how-to website. For two years, I wrote pieces like “How to Speak Like a New Yorker” and “How to Get Rid of Dark Lips”. I didn’t get rich or win awards, but I learned to write clearly and organize ideas — skills I still use today in my creative career.(在 2010 年代中期，我得到了一份为一个实用指南网站撰写文章的工作。两年时间里，我写了诸如《如何像纽约人那样说话》和《如何去除暗沉的嘴唇》这类文章。我没有因此变得富有或获得奖项，但我学会了清晰地写作和组织思路——这些技能至今仍在我从事创意工作时发挥作用)”和第二段“AI has made my first job outdated. Today, instead of reading an article like “How to Become a Music Producer”, you can just ask ChatGPT. AI is also replacing many writing jobs. A quick job search now shows many positions focus not on producing copy, but on training AI models to sound more human.(人工智能让我的第一份工作变得过时了。如今，你无需阅读像“如何成为一名音乐制作人”这样的文章，只需询问ChatGPT 就可以了。人工智能也在取代许多写作工作。现在快速搜索一下就会发现，许多职位的重点并非是创作文案，而是训练人工智能模型使其听起来更像人类)”可知，前两段主要介绍了作者早年从事入门写作工作的经历，接着点明人工智能已经让这类基础写作工作过时，取代了大量同类岗位。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Yet past experience suggests that, like other technologies, AI may better serve the companies that develop it than the artists who use it. Removing entry-level work sounds good in theory, but for now, AI seems likely to threaten the careers of professionals. Creating art also requires creating artists.(然而，过去的经验表明，与其他技术一样，人工智能可能更有利于开发它的公司，而非使用它的艺术家。降低入门门槛听起来在理论上不错，但目前来看，人工智能似乎很可能会威胁到专业人士的职业生涯。创作艺术也需要培养艺术家)”可知，和其他技术一样，AI更多惠及开发它的科技公司，而非创作者；且AI取代入门工作会威胁艺术家的成长培养。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Generative AI promises to free artists from drudgery (单调乏味的工作), allowing them to focus on “real art”. But entry-level creative jobs are much more than that — they help young artists develop skills.(生成式人工智能有望让艺术家摆脱单调乏味的工作，让他们能够专注于“真正的艺术”。但初级创意工作远不止于此——它们帮助年轻的艺术家培养技能)”和最后一段中“Removing entry-level work sounds good in theory, but for now, AI seems likely to threaten the careers of professionals. Creating art also requires creating artists.(取消入门门槛听起来在理论上不错，但目前来看，人工智能似乎很可能会威胁到专业人士的职业生涯)”可知，作者指出AI取代入门创意工作，会切断年轻创作者锻炼技能、积累经验的成长路径，可能会威胁到专业人士的职业生涯，整体对AI的影响持担忧态度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容。结合最后一段中“Removing entry-level work sounds good in theory, but for now, AI seems likely to threaten the careers of professionals. Creating art also requires creating artists.(取消入门门槛听起来在理论上不错，但目前来看，人工智能似乎很可能会威胁到专业人士的职业生涯。创作艺术也需要培养艺术家)”可知，AI取代入门级创意工作，看似便捷，实际上隐藏着危害——它切断了新艺术家成长锻炼的必经路径。由此可知，B项“人工智能接管入门级创意工作所带来的潜在危险”为最佳标题，故选B。 Passage 4 Yasmeen Lari looked out of the car window across Pakistan’s Siran Valley, saddened by the loss of its once-green landscape. A massive earthquake just one week prior had killed up to 79,000 people and turned the valley into mud and flattened buildings. The 65-year-old architect was there to lead settlement reconstruction, but she had never done disaster-relief work before. She was filled with anticipation after a two-hour flight and this five-hour drive. Darkness had fallen before her driver pulled into the rescue base. At 1,500 meters, it was safer from aftershocks and rock slides than lower ground. When she stepped out of the car and was briefed on the villages needing immediate help, the enormity of the task ahead hit her full force. Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect since 1964, was famous for designing modern glass and concrete towers in Karachi. Here, though, she’d design earthquake-resistant homes with stone and wood. In a simple cottage near the camp, she would spend the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers to help displaced families build new homes, even as temperatures dropped and snow fell. “You can’t imagine the desolation (荒凉),” Lari recalls of those days in the mountains. Her team, often the first to arrive on the scene, were greeted with unexpected hospitality (热情款待), given the circumstances. On one visit, villagers pulled out their best chairs and table rescued from the earthquake. “They’d lost everything,” she says. “But they put this damaged table in front of us and covered it with a beautiful patterned cloth. And then they served us their World Food Programme food: biscuits, tea and eggs.” With each passing day, Lari was re-engineering her identity — from “starchitect” to humanitarian. The profession had been good to her, but she had grown disappointed with projects for the rich. And doing disaster-relief work felt deeply right. So she made it her new mission. 1．Why was Lari in Siran Valley? A．To help with the rebuilding. B．To study local housing styles. C．To develop a travel project. D．To survey earthquake damage. 2．How did Lari feel after learning about the villages in need? A．Calm. B．Eager. C．Beaten. D．Challenged. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．The cottage was too cold for work. B．The cottage was designed for campers. C．Lari adjusted her strategy to the situation. D．Lari preferred traditional building materials. 4．What effect did Lari’s days in the mountains have on her? A．She was inspired to value generosity. B．She was motivated to refocus her career. C．She was shocked by the villagers’ optimism. D．She was troubled by the lack of relief supplies. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴基斯坦女建筑师Yasmeen Lari在地震后前往Siran Valley领导重建，并转变职业方向投身救灾工作的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The 65-year-old architect was there to lead settlement reconstruction(这位65岁的建筑师前往那里领导定居点重建工作)”可知，Lari去Siran Valley是为了帮助重建。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When she stepped out of the car and was briefed on the villages needing immediate help, the enormity of the task ahead hit her full force.(当她下车并得知需要立即援助的村庄情况时，前方任务的艰巨性让她深感震撼)”可知，在了解到需要帮助的村庄情况后，Lari感到任务艰巨，受到了挑战。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect since 1964, was famous for designing modern glass and concrete towers in Karachi. Here, though, she’d design earthquake-resistant homes with stone and wood.(Lari自1964年以来是巴基斯坦第一位女建筑师，以在卡拉奇设计现代玻璃和混凝土塔楼而闻名。然而，在这里，她将用石头和木材设计抗震房屋)”可知，Lari根据当地情况调整了自己的设计策略。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With each passing day, Lari was re-engineering her identity — from ‘starchitect’ to humanitarian. The profession had been good to her, but she had grown disappointed with projects for the rich. And doing disaster-relief work felt deeply right. So she made it her new mission.(随着时间的推移，Lari正在重塑自己的身份——从“明星建筑师”转变为慈善家。这个职业对她很好，但她对为富人设计的项目感到失望。而从事救灾工作让她感觉非常正确。因此，她将其作为自己的新使命)”可知，Lari在山区的日子激励她重新调整了自己的职业方向。故选B。 Passage 5 A few years ago, I walked into Panera and placed my order. After I paid and filled my plastic cup with water, I walked further into the cafe to find a seat. As I sat down, I noticed that at the table next to me, there was an older man with a cap eating his soup alone. The chair in front of him was empty; he wasn’t saving the seat. He was eating all alone. As this fact settled in, a feeling of sadness began to wash over me. Why was he eating alone? Was he lonely? Did he want someone to keep him company? This wasn’t the first time I’d felt sad when I noticed someone eating alone. I don’t like being alone very much, so I don’t like seeing people eat alone. I automatically assume they’re lonely and need someone to be there for them. For some reason, eating with other people is the norm. Modern society has evolved (进化) to the point where most people eat with others and do almost every activity together. If we need to get lunch before a class, we’d rather ask around to see if someone will come with us. But is it possible we just don’t want to appear lonely? For me, it’s easy to feel pressured to have to be around other people when I see everyone else around me accompanied by a friend almost all the time. So many people are always around someone else, and that may make people think we always need someone with us to feel better about ourselves. But that’s not true. We can enjoy being alone — not everyone needs to be constantly surrounded by friends to be happy. And we shouldn’t be afraid to eat alone if that’s what we want to do. We don’t have to do what everyone else does. Ultimately, I don’t think I’ll ever not get sad if I see someone eating alone, but I’ll bear in mind that maybe they just want a break from the world, or maybe they prefer it that way. It’s important to realize seeing someone doing something alone doesn’t always mean they’re lonely. 1．What was the author’s initial feeling seeing the man alone? A．Deep curiosity about his story. B．A strong sense of pity for him. C．Embarrassment for staring at him. D．Admiration for his courage. 2．What is the author’s opinion on social pressure according to paragraph 5? A．It is necessary for building friendships. B．It is unavoidable in modern society. C．It is unnecessary and misleading. D．It is helpful for self-improvement. 3．What does the author finally realize? A．People shouldn’t expect others’ company. B．Being alone doesn’t equal loneliness. C．Society’s norms withstand the test of time. D．Personal preference is less important. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Why We Feel Sorry for Others B．A Sad Memory: Story in a Café C．Eating Alone: Rethinking Its Meaning D．How to Avoid Social Pressure with Others 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述作者在餐厅看到一位老人独自用餐，心生怜悯，由此引发对人们独自用餐现象的思考。作者意识到现代社会人们习惯结伴做事，自己看到他人独自用餐会觉得对方孤独，但后来明白独自做事并不一定意味着孤独，不应将独处等同于寂寞。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As this fact settled in, a feeling of sadness began to wash over me. Why was he eating alone? Was he lonely? Did he want someone to keep him company?(当意识到这一事实后，一种悲伤的情绪开始涌上我的心头。他为什么一个人吃饭呢？他孤独吗？他希望有人陪伴他吗？)”可知，作者看到老人独自用餐最初的感觉是对他产生强烈的怜悯之情，故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“But that’s not true. We can enjoy being alone — not everyone needs to be constantly surrounded by friends to be happy. And we shouldn’t be afraid to eat alone if that’s what we want to do. We don’t have to do what everyone else does.(但那不是真的。我们可以享受独处——并非每个人都需要时刻有朋友陪伴才能快乐。如果我们想独自用餐，就不应该害怕。我们不必做其他人都做的事)”可知，作者认为社会压力让人们觉得必须和他人在一起才正常，但实际上并非如此，这种压力是不必要且具有误导性的，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, I don’t think I’ll ever not get sad if I see someone eating alone, but I’ll bear in mind that maybe they just want a break from the world, or maybe they prefer it that way. It’s important to realize seeing someone doing something alone doesn’t always mean they’re lonely.(最终，我觉得如果看到有人独自用餐，我可能还是会难过，但我会记住，也许他们只是想从这个世界中暂时解脱，或者也许他们就喜欢这样。重要的是要意识到看到有人独自做某事并不总是意味着他们孤独)”可知，作者最终意识到独处并不等同于孤独，故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕作者看到他人独自用餐展开，先是表达对独自用餐者的怜悯，后经过思考意识到独自用餐不意味着孤独，对独自用餐的意义进行了重新思考，C选项“Eating Alone: Rethinking Its Meaning（独自用餐：重新思考其意义）”能概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选C项。 人与社会 Passage 1 As AI art generators (生成器) take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize? 1．What does the underlined word “wrinkles to iron out” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Problems to cope with. B．Bugs to find out. C．Folds to flatten. D．Clothes to smooth out. 2．How is AI art different from human art? A．It is the product of experience. B．It combines different styles of work. C．It costs less money to produce. D．It is not a mirror of humans’ emotions. 3．Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in the third paragraph? A．To prove the popularity of classic artworks. B．To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. C．To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. D．To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. 4．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. B．Artists can create more works with the help of AI. C．AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. D．There will be fierce competition in the art industry. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨AI艺术生成器引发的争议，包括AI作品是否算艺术、与人类艺术的差异及版权、价值等相关问题。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce(这意味着在欣赏其令人惊叹的艺术作品的同时，我们也需要考虑其中存在的缺陷)”可知，在欣赏其令人惊叹的艺术作品的同时我们也需要考虑其中存在的缺陷，说明该技术存在有待解决的问题。故划线词意思是“有待解决的问题”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself.(不同之处在于，人工智能是由指令驱动的，而非表达自我的情感渴望)”可知，人工智能艺术与人类艺术的不同之处是人工智能艺术不是人类情绪的反映。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be?(AI绘画工具每按一次键盘上的回车键，就能生成超过1000幅原创艺术作品。但一幅批量生产的《蒙娜丽莎》复制品，其价值远低于达·芬奇的原作。为什么？因为稀缺性——原作只有一幅。那么人们应该为AI作品付费吗？如果艺术家将AI杰作拿去出售，定价又该如何确定？)”可知，作者提及《蒙娜丽莎》是为了通过原作与复制品的价值差异，引出AI作品因可大量生成、缺乏稀缺性而面临的价值定位难题，即呈现AI艺术在价值方面的潜在问题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. (AI艺术是程序根据人类需求，模仿现有艺术家的作品来创作新作品。但作品的创作者是谁？是机器还是使用者？原作者是否可以起诉其侵犯版权？此类问题使人工智能与艺术行业之间的融合变得复杂，同时也引发了反对将人工智能生成的艺术作品视为具有市场价值的艺术品的争论)”可知，AI艺术引发了“创作者归属”以及“是否侵犯原作者版权”等问题，这使得版权问题变得更加复杂。故选C。 Passage 2 Scientists from Swansea University have developed a new tool to help identify the best photovoltaic (PV)materials capable of maximizing crop growth while generating solar power. In a recent study published in Solar RRL, academics from the University's Department of Physics have been exploring the effect of semi-transparent (半透明) PV materials placed over crops — a successful application of agrovoltaics (农业光伏). As part of this work, the team has developed a practical freeware tool that predicts the light transmission,absorption, and power generation of different PV materials nearly anywhere on the globe using geographical,physical, and electrical measurements. This is essential for finding the best balance between growing food and producing clean energy. A key factor for refining agrovoltaics is selecting the appropriate PV material, which requires an understanding of how the material absorbs different wavelengths (colors) of light, as well as its bandgap. A wider bandgap means the material can absorb light that is higher- energy and has a shorter wavelength (blue), while a narrower bandgap allows the absorption of lower-energy, longer wavelength (red) light. By carefully selecting PV materials with specific bandgaps and absorption properties, researchers can accurately control the “color” of light transmitted through semi- transparent PVs to hit the crops, which mainly absorb red and blue light to photosynthesize (光合作用), reflecting green light. Project lead, Associate Professor Ardalan Armin, said,“By refining the combination of solar panels and agriculture, agrovoltaics has the potential to significantly contribute to the decarbonization of the agricultural sector.This approach not only generates clean energy but also enhances food security.” Solar panels or PVs can be attached to the roofs of greenhouses and can also be used to provide shelter for livestock (家畜). In return, the livestock can reduce maintenance costs by eating vegetation around the panels. However, careful consideration of the type of livestock is crucial as some species, like goats, can jump onto the PVs and cause serious damage. 1．What is the main function of the newly developed tool? A．To increase agricultural production. B．To lower farming energy expenses. C．To study global climate measurements. D．To forecast PV material performance. 2．What can researchers do to improve crop growth with light? A．Reflect green light to crops. B．Create light colors that suit crops. C．Use PV materials with the right bandgaps. D．Change crop light absorption abilities. 3．What should be considered in using PVs in livestock farming? A．Minimizing maintenance expenses. B．Ensuring animal well- being. C．Setting up physical barriers for the PVs. D．Avoiding animal damage to the panels. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The study of advanced PV materials. B．Cost reduction through solar energy use. C．A tool for boosting crops and solar power. D．New applications of solar panels on farms. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯旺西大学的科学家开发的一种新工具，该工具可帮助识别最佳的光伏材料，以在发电的同时最大化作物生长。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“As part of this work, the team has developed a practical freeware tool that predicts the light transmission, absorption, and power generation of different PV materials nearly anywhere on the globe using geographical, physical, and electrical measurements.(作为这项工作的一部分，该团队开发了一个实用的免费工具，该工具使用地理、物理和电气测量来预测全球几乎任何地方不同光伏材料的光透射、吸收和发电情况。)”可知，新开发的工具的主要功能是预测光伏材料性能。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“A key factor for refining agrovoltaics is selecting the appropriate PV material, which requires an understanding of how the material absorbs different wavelengths (colors) of light, as well as its bandgap.(改进农业光伏的一个关键因素是选择合适的光伏材料，这需要了解材料如何吸收不同波长（颜色）的光，以及其带隙。)”和第五段“By carefully selecting PV materials with specific bandgaps and absorption properties, researchers can accurately control the“color” of light transmitted through semi- transparent PVs to hit the crops, which mainly absorb red and blue light to photosynthesize (光合作用), reflecting green light.(通过仔细选择具有特定带隙和吸收特性的光伏材料，研究人员可以精确控制通过半透明光伏传输的光的“颜色”以照射作物，作物主要吸收红光和蓝光进行光合作用，反射绿光。)”可知，研究人员可以使用具有适当带隙的光伏材料来利用光促进作物生长。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, careful consideration of the type of livestock is crucial as some species, like goats, can jump onto the PVs and cause serious damage.(然而，仔细考虑牲畜的类型至关重要，因为某些物种，如山羊，可以跳到光伏上并造成严重破坏。)”可知，在畜牧业中使用光伏时应该考虑避免动物对面板造成损坏。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists from Swansea University have developed a new tool to help identify the best photovoltaic (PV)materials capable of maximizing crop growth while generating solar power.(斯旺西大学的科学家开发了一种新工具，以帮助识别最佳的光伏材料，这种材料能够在发电的同时最大化作物生长。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要围绕这个新工具展开，介绍了其功能、作用以及在畜牧业中的应用等，由此可知，这篇文章主要讲的是一种促进作物和太阳能发电的工具。故选C。 Passage 3 Understanding and reacting to our emotions is how we survive. They may alert us and grab our attention, as when we feel fear and should run away. They may also assure us — we feel joy when we’re safe and nourished after a meal. But, perhaps no other sense has played a larger role in obtaining emotional cues from our environment than sight. Our ability to infer emotion from visual cues is primal. If we see someone who looks cross, we may feel fear; while encountering a person who looks happy may elicit a sense of calm or happiness. Although unproven, cognitive science suggests that visual art can evoke emotions in the viewer by exploiting emotional cues we’ve learned to read for thousand years. Certainly, studies using functional brain imaging technology bear this out. The same regions of the brain that are involved in experiencing emotion are activated when shown a piece of pleasing artwork. The use of color and symbolism can be recognizable to the viewer and evoke an emotion, even in abstract works. This can happen even if the conscious mind isn’t aware of the reason for the sudden onset of emotion. Red, for example, can indicate anger. A series of lines in disarray, like those found in the work of painter Franz Kline, can evoke uncomfortable feelings of disorder. The color red, and lines in disorder are all called cognitive antecedents. By including them in visual art, the artist may present an emotional state to be decoded and experienced by the viewer later on. The emotions elicited by a work of art aren’t necessarily intentional. They’re often individually and culturally specific. A Japanese viewer of the white turkeys depicted in Monet’s “Turkeys at Montgeron” may experience a sense of sadness or melancholy since white is associated with death in their culture. Perhaps an understanding of exactly how to elicit a specific emotion in the viewer is best left unsolved. To some, the best works of art are open to interpretation. 1．How do we primarily pick up emotional cues from the environment? A．With our eyes. B．With our tongues. C．With our ears. D．With our hands. 2．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The origins of human emotions. B．The methods of evoking emotions. C．The causes of people’s feelings. D．The underlying logic of visual art. 3．What does the author try to show by mentioning the Japanese viewer in paragraph 4? A．The popularity of Monet’s works. B．The impact of color selection. C．Color symbolism across cultures. D．Japanese people’s taste in art. 4．What does the author say about art appreciation? A．It should follow strict rules. B．It allows for varied readings. C．It depends on artist’s skills. D．It requires special guidance. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了视觉是人类获取情感信号的主要方式，视觉艺术可通过色彩、线条等唤起观者情绪，并受文化差异影响，同时指出优秀的艺术作品应允许不同解读。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But, perhaps no other sense has played a larger role in obtaining emotional cues from our environment than sight.(但是，在从周围环境中获取情感信号方面，也许没有其他感官比视觉发挥的作用更大了。)”可知，我们主要通过眼睛获取环境中的情感信号。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Our ability to infer emotion from visual cues is primal.(我们从视觉线索中推断情绪的能力是原始的。)”以及“Although unproven, cognitive science suggests that visual art can evoke emotions in the viewer by exploiting emotional cues we’ve learned to read for thousand years.(尽管未经证实，但认知科学表明，视觉艺术可以通过利用我们已经学会解读数千年的情绪线索来唤起观众的情绪。)”可知，本段主要阐述视觉艺术影响情感的内在逻辑，即通过视觉线索来推断和唤起情绪。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The emotions elicited by a work of art aren’t necessarily intentional. They’re often individually and culturally specific. A Japanese viewer of the white turkeys depicted in Monet’s ‘Turkeys at Montgeron’ may experience a sense of sadness or melancholy since white is associated with death in their culture.(艺术作品所引发的情绪并不一定是故意的。它们往往具有个体和文化特异性。一位日本观众在观看莫奈的《蒙热龙火鸡》中描绘的白色火鸡时，可能会感到悲伤或忧郁，因为在他们的文化中，白色与死亡有关。)”可推知，作者提到日本观众是为了说明不同文化中颜色象征意义的差异。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To some, the best works of art are open to interpretation.(对一些人来说，最好的艺术作品是可以有多种解读的。)”可知，作者认为艺术欣赏允许有不同的理解。故选B项。 Passage 4 Wetlands are widely valued as natural pollution cleaners and habitats for endangered species. Holding carbon dioxide-processing microbes (微生物) that play a key role in climate change dynamics, they’re also a key part of the carbon cycle: Although wetlands cover only about 3% of Earth’s surface, they account for as much as 30% of soil carbon storage. Yet some wetland microbes secrete another powerful greenhouse gas — methane, which may cancel out some of the benefits of pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Tringe, an environmental microbiologist in the U. S., is trying to determine just how much wetlands actually help counteract climate change, by turning to a novel discipline called metagenomics, which involves sequencing (测序) the collective genetic materials of all the microbes in a given location. Scientists use chemicals to take out the genetic material from an environmental sample — say, a cup of dirty water. They run cloned snippets (克隆片段) of the material through a sequencing machine, which reads out what makes up each snippet. After all the data are pieced back together, they reveal the distinct gene sequences of the millions of microbes in the sample. The result: a broad overview of the microbial community and the functions each microbe performs within the ecosystem. Tringe’s sampling has brought some evidence that certain landscape characteristics influence microbial populations in ways that affect greenhouse gas releases and carbon storage. Saltier wetland areas, for example, tend to attract microbial communities that produce less methane, as do areas with more active water flows. “We’re able to predict which sites might produce more or less methane,” Tringe says. Data, however, are still limited, so Tringe cannot definitively say how wetland restoration planners can best limit these releases while keeping carbon storage processes undamaged. Ultimately, Tringe wants to create computer models allowing experts to analyze the potential greenhouse gas effects of various restoration strategies. But what fires Tringe’s imagination even more than shaping wetlands’ environmental legacy is mapping a microbial universe that has long been hidden. 1．What does the underlined word “secrete” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Give off. B．Take in. C．Figure out. D．Break down. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Wetlands sampling. B．A novel discipline. C．Metagenomic sequencing. D．Microbial communities. 3．What are Tringe’s key findings about? A．Wetlands’ capacity for carbon storage. B．Methane’s great impact on microbial varieties. C．Predictive computer models for wetland restoration. D．Links between landscape features and methane releases. 4．What can be inferred about Tringe from the last paragraph? A．She prioritizes theoretical research. B．She encounters technological barriers. C．She innovates wetlands’ restoration strategies. D．She values exploration of the microbial world more. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了湿地作为自然污染净化器和碳循环关键部分的价值，以及湿地微生物会产生甲烷的问题，美国环境微生物学家Tringe运用宏基因组学开展研究，探究湿地微生物与气候变化的关联，并致力于相关研究的实际应用与微生物世界的探索。 1．词句猜测题。文章首段“Holding carbon dioxide-processing microbes (微生物) that play a key role in climate change dynamics(它们还拥有处理二氧化碳的微生物群落)”指出湿地微生物能处理二氧化碳，同时“Yet some wetland microbes secrete another powerful greenhouse gas — methane, which may cancel out some of the benefits of pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.(然而，一些湿地微生物还会secrete另一种强大的温室气体——甲烷，这可能会抵消从大气中吸收二氧化碳所带来的部分益处)”提到一些湿地微生物会“secrete”另一种强效温室气体——甲烷，这种气体可能抵消湿地吸收二氧化碳的部分益处。结合语境可推断，secrete意为“释放、排放”，与“give off”（释放）含义一致。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。第二段“Tringe, an environmental microbiologist in the U. S., is trying to determine just how much wetlands actually help counteract climate change, by turning to a novel discipline called metagenomics, which involves sequencing (测序) the collective genetic materials of all the microbes in a given location.(美国的环境微生物学家Tringe正试图通过一种名为“宏基因组学”的新学科来确定湿地实际上在多大程度上能够抵消气候变化的影响。该学科涉及对特定区域所有微生物的遗传物质进行测序)”提到Tringe运用宏基因组学（metagenomics）开展研究，该学科涉及对特定位置所有微生物的集体遗传物质进行测序；第三段“Scientists use chemicals to take out the genetic material from an environmental sample — say, a cup of dirty water. They run cloned snippets (克隆片段) of the material through a sequencing machine, which reads out what makes up each snippet. After all the data are pieced back together, they reveal the distinct gene sequences of the millions of microbes in the sample.(科学家们会使用化学物质从环境样本（比如一杯脏水）中提取遗传物质。他们将这些物质的克隆片段输入测序机，测序机会读出每个片段的构成成分。所有数据整合后，就能揭示样本中数百万个微生物的独特的基因序列)”详细介绍了科学家从环境样本中提取遗传物质、对克隆片段进行测序、整合数据并揭示微生物基因序列及功能的过程，这些内容均围绕宏基因组学测序展开，因此该段主要讲述的是宏基因组学测序的具体操作流程。故选C。 3．细节理解题。第四段中“Tringe’s sampling has brought some evidence that certain landscape characteristics influence microbial populations in ways that affect greenhouse gas releases and carbon storage. Saltier wetland areas, for example, tend to attract microbial communities that produce less methane, as do areas with more active water flows.(Tringe的采样工作提供了一些证据，表明某些地貌特征会影响微生物群落的分布，从而影响温室气体的排放和碳的储存。例如，盐度较高的湿地区域往往会吸引产生较少甲烷的微生物群落，而水流更活跃的区域也是如此)”明确提及Tringe的采样研究得出了一些证据，即特定的景观特征会影响微生物种群，进而影响温室气体排放和碳储存，例如盐度更高的湿地区域和水流更活跃的区域，微生物群落产生的甲烷更少，可见其核心发现是景观特征与甲烷排放之间的关联。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, Tringe wants to create computer models allowing experts to analyze the potential greenhouse gas effects of various restoration strategies. But what fires Tringe’s imagination even more than shaping wetlands’ environmental legacy is mapping a microbial universe that has long been hidden.(最终，Tringe希望创建计算机模型，让专家能够分析各种恢复策略可能对温室气体产生的影响。但比塑造湿地的环境遗产更能激发Tringe想象力的，是绘制一个长期以来隐藏的微生物世界图谱)”可知，针对研究，Tringe最终希望创建计算机模型，帮助专家分析不同湿地修复策略对温室气体的潜在影响，但下文明确指出，比起塑造湿地的环境遗产，更能激发她想象力的是绘制长期隐藏的微生物世界图谱，由此可推断，她更重视对微生物世界的探索。故选D。 Passage 5 Caring 17-year-old Lauren Schroeder was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community. Volunteering at a food shelter when she was 14, and tasked with helping fill boxes for households in need with canned and packaged food, this Iowa teen felt that something was missing from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. So she shared with her parents her desire to start a garden on part of their family farm in Dixon, Iowa, to supply local families in need with fresh produce. Coming from a farming family, Lauren had some familiarity with agriculture and had helped raise rabbits and lambs, but had never tried vegetable cultivation at scale, though the Schroeders plant soybeans and corn each year on their 150-acre farm. The work involved in realizing Lauren’s plan was no walk in the park. Initially, while proud of her daughter’s vision, her mother, Katie Schroeder, admitted having some concern about the work involved: “I was wondering,‘Oh my gosh, how much work is this going to be?’ I wasn’t sure whether this would work.” This was one young change-maker, however! Lauren researched plants online, checking which species needed more shade, how much water was required, and when to harvest each crop. During Iowa’s hot summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around 2 to 3 hours daily. She also checked daily for weeds and bent down to pick her green bean crop. Thanks to her diligence, Lauren planted half an acre of land, with 15 varieties of vegetables in 2022, harvesting and weighing her first crops, with a first batch of 18 kilograms. In an interview with a local media channel, Lauren says, “I wanted to have something that’d impact people. I want to impact community members. Many people help you out, but it makes more of a difference when you help others out. That’s what makes me happiest.” 1．Why did Lauren start her own garden? A．Because of her family’s long tradition of farming. B．Because of the lack of fresh produce in donated food boxes. C．Because of a local media interview about community service. D．Because of her experience of raising rabbits and lambs on the farm. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The doubts Lauren’s mother had about the garden. B．The reasons why Lauren chose 15 varieties of vegetables. C．The challenges Lauren faced in harvesting crops. D．The efforts Lauren made to bring her idea to life. 3．What can be inferred about Lauren from the passage? A．She plans to major in agriculture in college. B．She relied heavily on her parents for farming advice. C．She is hardworking and committed to helping others. D．She started the garden mainly to gain online recognition. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Teen’s Garden: Growing Hope for the Needy B．The Importance of Fresh Vegetables in Food Banks C．How to Start a Vegetable Garden on a Farm D．Family Support: Key to a Young Girl’s Dream 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了 17 岁的少女Lauren Schroeder发现捐赠食品中缺少新鲜蔬菜，于是在自家农场开辟菜园，通过辛勤劳作种植新鲜农产品，帮助社区贫困家庭的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“this Iowa teen felt that something was missing from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. So she shared with her parents her desire to start a garden on part of their family farm in Dixon, Iowa, to supply local families in need with fresh produce.(这位爱荷华州的少女觉得捐赠的食品中缺少一样东西：新鲜蔬菜。于是她向父母表达了自己的愿望，想在自家位于爱荷华州迪克森市的农场开辟一块菜园，为当地有需要的家庭提供新鲜农产品。)”可知，Lauren开辟菜园是因为捐赠的食品盒中缺少新鲜农产品。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“Lauren researched plants online, checking which species needed more shade, how much water was required, and when to harvest each crop. During Iowa’s hot summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around 2 to 3 hours daily. She also checked daily for weeds and bent down to pick her green bean crop.(Lauren 在网上研究植物，查看哪些品种需要更多阴凉、需要多少水以及每种作物何时收获。在爱荷华州炎热的夏天，她每天必须手工给作物浇水约2到3个小时。她还每天查看是否有杂草，并弯腰采摘四季豆。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了Lauren为实现自己的想法所付出的努力。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“Lauren researched plants online, checking which species needed more shade, how much water was required, and when to harvest each crop. During Iowa’s hot summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around 2 to 3 hours daily. She also checked daily for weeds and bent down to pick her green bean crop.(Lauren 在网上研究植物，查看哪些品种需要更多阴凉、需要多少水以及每种作物何时收获。在爱荷华州炎热的夏天，她每天必须手工给作物浇水约2到3个小时。她还每天查看是否有杂草，并弯腰采摘四季豆。)”以及第五段“In an interview with a local media channel, Lauren says, “I wanted to have something that’d impact people. I want to impact community members. Many people help you out, but it makes more of a difference when you help others out. That’s what makes me happiest.”(在接受当地一家媒体采访时，Lauren说:“我想做一些能影响他人的事。我想为社区里的人们带来积极影响。很多人都会向你伸出援手，但当你去帮助别人时，意义会更大。这就是让我感到最幸福的事。”)” 可知，Lauren 勤奋努力并且致力于帮助他人。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“this Iowa teen felt that something was missing from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. So she shared with her parents her desire to start a garden on part of their family farm in Dixon, Iowa, to supply local families in need with fresh produce.(这位爱荷华州的少女觉得捐赠的食品中缺少一样东西：新鲜蔬菜。于是她向父母表达了自己的愿望，想在自家位于爱荷华州迪克森市的农场开辟一块菜园，为当地有需要的家庭提供新鲜农产品。)”及第五段“In an interview with a local media channel, Lauren says, “I wanted to have something that’d impact people. I want to impact community members. Many people help you out, but it makes more of a difference when you help others out. That’s what makes me happiest.”(在接受当地一家媒体采访时，Lauren说:“我想做一些能影响他人的事。我想为社区里的人们带来积极影响。很多人都会向你伸出援手，但当你去帮助别人时，意义会更大。这就是让我感到最幸福的事。”)”并结合全文可知，文章主要讲述了少女Lauren开辟菜园，种植新鲜蔬菜帮助贫困家庭，为他们种下希望的故事，所以“青少年的花园：为穷人增加希望”适合作为最佳标题。故选A。 人与自然 Passage 1 The sharp fin. The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s “Shark Week” are not the friendliest-looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals (刻画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complex, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they appear. One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. When sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey (猎物), seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark. Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the balance of an ecosystem through fear alone. Tiger sharks in Australia help protect seagrass meadows from turtles (海龟). Turtles eat the seagrass and without the sharks, they will destroy these meadows. When tiger sharks are present, though, the turtles are scared away, which controls their appetite for seagrass and promotes its growth. Though sharks have a reputation (名声) for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is happening because more and more people want their fins. About 100 million sharks are killed every year according to National Geographic. Shark fin is a way for people to show off their wealth. Shark fins are also believed to have medicinal benefits, though there is no evidence or proof that they actually do. Both of these ideas are putting pressure on the number of sharks in the ocean. 1．What do most people think of sharks? A．They are weak. B．They are ugly. C．They are complex. D．They are violent. 2．What does the author want to show by mentioning lightning in paragraph 2? A．Shark attacks are rare. B．Sharks swim fast. C．Shark bites are deadly. D．Sharks make mistakes. 3．Why are sharks important to the ocean? A．They scare humans away. B．They control its food chain. C．They maintain the ecological stability. D．They reduce the number of sea animals. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．SOS: Save Our Sharks! B．Sharks: King of the Ocean C．Shark Fins: An Ecological Crisis D．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文纠正大众对鲨鱼凶猛袭人的误解，介绍鲨鱼维系海洋生态平衡的重要作用，指出人类过度捕捞正导致鲨鱼数量锐减。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The sharp fin. The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s “Shark Week” are not the friendliest-looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean.(锋利的鱼鳍。密密麻麻的锋利牙齿。硕大的黑色眼睛。你在《大白鲨》这部电影中看到的那些鲨鱼，或者在探索频道的“鲨鱼周”节目中看到的那些鲨鱼，并非长相最友善的生物。它们绝不是你想要在海底游泳时在身边出现的“伙伴”)”可知，大多数人认为鲨鱼很凶猛。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.(从统计学角度来看，你被闪电击中的概率要高于被鲨鱼咬伤的概率)”可知，作者在第二段提及闪电这一内容，其目的想是表达鲨鱼袭击事件极为罕见。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the balance of an ecosystem through fear alone.(鲨鱼对于海洋来说非常重要，因为它们处于食物链的顶端。有些鲨鱼甚至仅仅凭借其带来的恐惧就能对一个生态系统起到平衡作用)”可知，鲨鱼维持着生态的平衡，对海洋很重要。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Despite their portrayals (刻画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complex, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they appear.(尽管在电影和流行文化中对鲨鱼的刻画方式各不相同，但事实上鲨鱼是复杂且被误解的生物，它们的攻击力远不如其外表所显示的那样强大)”结合本文纠正大众对鲨鱼凶猛袭人的误解，介绍鲨鱼维系海洋生态平衡的重要作用，指出人类过度捕捞正导致鲨鱼数量锐减可知，D选项“鲨鱼：杀手还是被误解的生物？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 Today rocket launches and space missions are common. But in the early 1900s, space travel seemed like a dream. One of the most influential people in the field of rocket science was American Robert Goddard (1882-1945). The American space agency NASA describes him as “the father of modern rocket propulsion (推进)”. Goddard once said that “the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow”. His scientific work gave hope to many dreams about space travel. He turned some of those dreams into reality. Over one hundred years ago, Goddard carried out studies and tests of rocket engines. He developed and flew many rockets that got their power from solid fuels: chemicals that formed a hard substance. In 1925, he made and tested the first rocket engine using a soft chemical fuel. The next year, he successfully launched the world’s first liquid-fuel rocket. Many historians consider liquid-fuel rocket flight to be as important as the first airplane flight by the American brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright. Goddard’s work proved that machines could travel outside of Earth’s atmosphere and into space. During his early research, he received money and support from the US Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian published several reports about his efforts. One publication in 1919, called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, wrote about his search for ways to send weather recording instruments higher than balloons could fly. It described how he developed the mathematical theories for rocket flight. In that report, Goddard also suggested the possibility of a rocket someday reaching the moon. At the time, there was a big dispute in the press about this claim. Many people thought he was foolish for suggesting something that seemed so impossible. Many of Goddard’s ideas are still used in rocket development. So, in a way, every rocket that flies today could be considered a Goddard rocket. 1．What makes NASA highly praise Goddard? A．His various dreams and efforts. B．His first airplane experiment. C．His rocket experiments and research. D．His rocket power theory and predictions. 2．What does the underlined word “dispute” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Challenge. B．Breakthrough. C．Disagreement. D．Inspiration. 3．Which can best describe Robert Goddard? A．Intellectual and creative. B．Adventurous but self-centered. C．Cooperative but inefficient. D．Romantic and humorous. 4．What can we know about Goddard from the text? A．Many of his theories are still useful in developing rockets. B．He made the first rocket engine in 1919. C．His first book about his study was published in 1926. D．He launched the world's first liquid-fuel rocket in 1925. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Robert Goddard在火箭科学领域的贡献与影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The American space agency NASA describes him as “the father of modern rocket propulsion(推进)”.(美国国家航空航天局称他为“现代火箭推进之父”)”以及第三段和第四段中关于Goddard的火箭实验和研究的描述可知，NASA高度赞扬Goddard是因为他的火箭实验和研究。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第六段中“At the time, there was a big dispute in the press about this claim. Many people thought he was foolish for suggesting something that seemed so impossible.(当时，媒体对这一说法存在很大的dispute。许多人认为他提出这样一件看似不可能的事情是愚蠢的)”可知，许多人认为Goddard提出的理论是不可能实现的，所以应该存在很多的争议，由此可推测，dispute意为“争议，分歧”，与Disagreement意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章中对Goddard的描述，他进行了多项火箭实验和研究，提出了许多关于火箭飞行的数学理论，并成功发射了世界上第一枚液体燃料火箭，他的许多想法至今仍在火箭开发中使用。由此可推断，Goddard是一个聪明且有创造力的人。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many of Goddard’s ideas are still used in rocket development.(Goddard的许多想法至今仍被应用于火箭研发中)”可知，Goddard的许多理论在开发火箭中仍然有用。故选A。 Passage 3 At the foot of Yinhu Mountain in Shenzhen, the Yulong landfill — once the city’s largest waste site — is busy in the early morning. After two decades undisturbed, the Yulong landfill’s 2.55 million cubic meters of waste — a volume large enough to fill 1,000 swimming pools — is now undergoing the nation’s largest excavation (挖掘) and relocation project, with dozens of excavators operating all out. Located near the city center, the landfill long polluted the nearby neighborhoods with terrible smells and dirty groundwater. Meanwhile, the increasing shortage of land resources has forced the city to fundamentally explore new approaches to tackling this waste pile problem. Now, at the site, trucks transport different categories of waste to sorting centers. After sorting, burnable materials of the household waste are transported to the energy ecological park for incineration (焚烧), thus turning waste into resources. In the incineration workshop, waste gas is kept above 850°C for at least two seconds to completely break down dioxins, a harmful byproduct. After many steps of purification, the gas released meets higher standards than those of the EU. The project can deal with 330,000 tons of burnable waste and produce 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity yearly, enough for 26,000 families. Pan Gong, an expert in solid waste research, said China’s waste-to-energy technology is world-leading. Chinese companies now lead the world in technology, cost control, and operational experience. Most equipment and components have been domestically produced, achieving independent control over the entire industry chain from waste collection and incineration to gas treatment. China is also sharing its experiences and technologies with the world. Speaking at the launch ceremony of a Chinese-funded waste-to-energy plant in Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz President Japarov said the factory would help solve waste processing issues while generating electricity and creating jobs. As of May 2025, Chinese companies had been involved in 79 overseas waste-to-energy projects. The “going global” of China’s waste-to-energy industry has become a key component of China’s participation in global environmental governance. 1．What was a problem caused by the Yulong landfill before relocation? A．It occupied too much farming land. B．It led to shortage of natural resources. C．It brought unpleasant smells and pollution. D．It prevented the development of local tourism. 2．Why is the excavated waste from Yulong landfill burned at temperatures above 850°C? A．To break down harmful substances. B．To burn the waste faster. C．To reduce the volume of waste. D．To generate more electricity. 3．What is a feature of Chinese waste-to-energy technology according to Pan? A．It adopts imported guidance. B．It remains under development. C．It targets the domestic market. D．It proves self-sufficient in equipment. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the working principle of a landfill. B．To urge global cooperation on waste processing. C．To compare waste processing technologies at home and abroad. D．To show the advantages and global influence of China’s waste-to-energy technology. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，文章以深圳玉龙填埋场垃圾处理项目为例，介绍中国领先的垃圾发电技术及其出海参与全球环境治理的实践。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Located near the city center, the landfill long polluted the nearby neighborhoods with terrible smells and dirty groundwater. Meanwhile, the increasing shortage of land resources has forced the city to fundamentally explore new approaches to tackling this waste pile problem. (该垃圾填埋场位于市中心附近，长期以来一直向周边社区排放恶臭气体和污染地下水。与此同时，土地资源日益短缺迫使这座城市不得不从根本上探索新的方法来解决这一垃圾堆积问题。)”可知，玉龙垃圾填埋场在重新搬移前带来了难闻的气味和污染。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the incineration workshop, waste gas is kept above 850°C for at least two seconds to completely break down dioxins, a harmful byproduct. (在焚烧车间，废气的温度需保持在850摄氏度以上，并持续至少两秒，以彻底分解二噁英这种有害的副产品。)”可知，废弃物要在超过850摄氏度的高温下进行焚烧处理是为了分解有害物质。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Pan Gong, an expert in solid waste research, said China’s waste-to-energy technology is world-leading. Chinese companies now lead the world in technology, cost control, and operational experience. Most equipment and components have been domestically produced, achieving independent control over the entire industry chain from waste collection and incineration to gas treatment. (Pan Gong，一位固体废弃物研究领域的专家表示，中国的废弃物转化为能源的技术处于世界领先地位。如今，中国的企业在技术、成本控制以及运营经验方面均处于世界领先水平。大部分设备和零部件均为国产，实现了从废弃物收集、焚烧到气体处理的整个产业链的自主掌控。)”可知，Pan Gong认为中国垃圾能源化技术表明其在设备方面是能够自给自足的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容及最后一段“China is also sharing its experiences and technologies with the world. Speaking at the launch ceremony of a Chinese-funded waste-to-energy plant in Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz President Japarov said the factory would help solve waste processing issues while generating electricity and creating jobs. As of May 2025, Chinese companies had been involved in 79 overseas waste-to-energy projects. The “going global” of China’s waste-to-energy industry has become a key component of China’s participation in global environmental governance. (中国也在与世界分享其经验和技术。在吉尔吉斯斯坦一家由中国投资的垃圾发电厂的启动仪式上，吉尔吉斯斯坦总统贾帕罗夫表示，该工厂将有助于解决垃圾处理问题，同时发电并创造就业机会。截至2025年5月，中国企业在海外参与了 79 个垃圾发电项目。中国垃圾发电产业的“走向全球”已成为中国参与全球环境治理的一个关键组成部分。)”可知，本文主要展示中国垃圾转化为能源技术的优势及其在全球范围内的影响力。故选D。 Passage 4 This month, bee researcher Prof Dave Goulson talks to Helen Pilcher about his bees. Where does your interest in insects come from? My earliest memories involve butterflies, bees and wildlife generally. I remember finding some cinnabar caterpillars (朱砂毛虫) when I was at primary school. I took them home in my lunchbox. When I was 12, we went on a family holiday to Sweden and saw all these elephant hawkmoth caterpillars (象天蛾毛虫) crossing the road and I spent most of the holiday picking them up and moving them to safety. How are bees doing these days? Not great. There are 270 species of bee in the UK, including 26 types of bumblebee and the one and only honeybee, but they’re mostly in decline. Loss of living space, disease and the use of insecticides are all to blame. There are seven or eight species of bumblebee that are now very hard to find and overall numbers are declining. And it matters because... ? A third of the food we eat is dependent on insect pollinators (授粉昆虫) . The danger is that bees decline to a point where it affects crop pollination. This is already happening in some places. In parts of the world, people have to paint pollen onto fruit trees by hand. Bees are also vitally important for wildflowers. What can we do to help the bees? There are lots of things we can do to help. Plant bee-friendly flowers like thyme. Stop using insecticides and put up bee hotels. These don’t need to be expensive; just some bamboo sticks or a fence post with a few holes drilled in will do. If we could persuade everyone with a garden to do this, it would make a massive difference. Where are you happiest? In my meadow in France. I have a little farm in the middle of nowhere that I have turned into a nature reserve. Every summer we go for a month and potter about. 1．What does Professor Dave Goulson imply about himself? A．He was born with a love for insects. B．He remembered being frightened by insects. C．He found some rare insects when on holiday. D．He kept some caterpillars as pets while young. 2．According to Dave Goulson, what would happen if there were no bees? A．There wouldn’t be more harmful insects. B．We would suffer from a shortage of food. C．There would be an increase in wildflowers. D．Crop pollination wouldn’t be done by hand. 3．What does Dave Goulson suggest we do to help bees? A．Turn farms into nature reserves. B．Build some living space for bees. C．Develop bee-friendly insecticides. D．Plant flowers that keep insects away. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】这是一篇访谈形式的说明文，主要讲述了蜜蜂研究员Dave Goulson与Helen Pilcher谈论关于蜜蜂的话题，包括他对昆虫兴趣的来源、蜜蜂目前的生存状况、没有蜜蜂的后果以及如何帮助蜜蜂等。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“My earliest memories involve butterflies, bees and wildlife generally. I remember finding some cinnabar caterpillars (朱砂毛虫) when I was at primary school. I took them home in my lunchbox. When I was 12, we went on a family holiday to Sweden and saw all these elephant hawkmoth caterpillars (象蛾毛虫) crossing the road and I spent most of the holiday picking them up and moving them to safety(我最早的记忆包括蝴蝶、蜜蜂和一般的野生动物。我记得上小学的时候发现了一些朱砂毛虫。我把它们放在午餐盒里带回家。当我12岁的时候，我们全家去瑞典度假，看到所有这些象蛾毛虫在过马路，我花了大部分假期把它们捡起来，转移到安全的地方)”可知，Dave Goulson从小就对昆虫有着浓厚的兴趣，他的记忆中充满了与昆虫相关的经历，可推理出他天生就对昆虫有喜爱之情。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A third of the food we eat is dependent on insect pollinators (授粉昆虫) . The danger is that bees decline to a point where it affects crop pollination. This is already happening in some places. In parts of the world, people have to paint pollen onto fruit trees by hand(我们吃的食物中有三分之一依赖于昆虫授粉。危险在于，蜜蜂数量减少到影响作物授粉的程度。这在一些地方已经发生了。在世界上的一些地方，人们不得不手工将花粉涂在果树上)”可知，我们吃的食物中有三分之一依赖于昆虫授粉，蜜蜂数量已经减少到影响作物授粉的程度了，可推理出如果没有蜜蜂，很多作物的授粉会受到影响，进而导致食物短缺。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“There are lots of things we can do to help. Plant bee-friendly flowers like thyme. Stop using insecticides and put up bee hotels. These don’t need to be expensive; just some bamboo sticks or a fence post with a few holes drilled in will do(我们可以做很多事情来帮忙。种植蜜蜂喜欢的花，比如百里香。停止使用杀虫剂，建造蜜蜂旅馆。这些不需要很贵；只要一些竹竿或一根钻了几个洞的栅栏柱就可以了)”可知，Dave Goulson建议我们种植蜜蜂友好的花朵以及停止使用杀虫剂和建造蜜蜂旅馆等，由此可知Dave Goulson建议我们为蜜蜂建造一些生存空间，故选B项。 Passage 5 Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children. The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature. Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection. Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining. Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added. 1．What change has Richardson traced in his study? A．Nature words have disappeared from books. B．People have less direct contact with nature. C．Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D．Parents spend more time outdoors with kids. 2．What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model? A．They are raised away from nature. B．They can’t adapt to changes in nature. C．High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D．Schools offer few nature science lessons. 3．What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text? A．Advancing long-term policies. B．Launching eco-friendly campaigns. C．Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D．Enlarging green space in certain areas. 4．Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________. A．nature contact varies from city to city B．people’s living habits are hard to change C．a new way to measure nature time is needed D．small efforts help improve contact with nature 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来，书籍中自然词汇减少，反映出人们与自然的接触日益减少。研究表明，城市化、长辈不再引导孩子亲近自然等因素，可能导致后代出现“自然体验的灭绝”。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children.(据德比大学的Miles Richardson教授的一项研究显示，这种下降趋势反映了他所追踪到的更为广泛的变革：220年来的城市化记录、社区内野生动物的减少，以及父母不再将与自然的接触方式传递给子女的现象。)” 可知，Richardson追踪到的核心变化是：城市化、社区野生生物减少、父母不再传递亲近自然的习惯，即，人们和自然的直接接触变少了。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The computer modelling in the study also predicts an ‘extinction of experience’, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an ‘orientation’ towards the natural world.(该研究中的计算机模型还预测会出现“体验灭绝”现象，未来的世代将会逐渐失去对自然界的认知，因为自然环境已不再存在于日益密集的居民区之中，而父母们也不再向孩子们传递对自然世界的“认知导向”。)”可知，“体验灭绝”的原因是：社区逐渐被建筑覆盖，自然消失，同时父母不再传递亲近自然的倾向，即，下一代成长环境本身就远离自然。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining.(更为有效的是那些能在孩子幼年时期就建立与自然联系的措施，比如为幼儿设立的森林学校。研究表明，政府针对早期教育和城市规划的改革举措必须在未来 25 年内持续推行。一旦这种联系得以确立，它就能实现自我维持。)”可知，更有效的方式是从小培养亲近自然的连接，政府调整早期教育和城市设计的举措，必须在未来25年持续推行，即长期政策才是有效的解决方案。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. ‘Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,’ he said.(一项针对谢菲尔德市民的研究发现，他们平均每天在自然环境中停留的时间仅为4分36秒。“将这个时间增加 10 倍，人们每天就能在户外度过 40 分钟 —— 这或许已经足够了。”)”提及谢菲尔德市民每天只在自然环境中停留4分36秒，而只需增加十倍到四十分钟就够了，即，不用巨大改变，小努力就能提升亲近自然的时间。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $