考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（期中复习专项训练）高一英语下学期译林版

考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 动物 话题4 自然灾害与防范 话题2 环境保护 话题5 人工智能 话题3 信息技术 话题6 科学家 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 动物 Passage 1 Penguins are some of the world’s most familiar and beloved birds, but southern rockhoppers are the tough guys of the penguin world. Their fondness for colonies (聚居地) high over thousands of feet separates them from the other penguin species that prefer soft, level ground in the Falklands. One evening, I struggled to keep up with some scientists as they march through thick grass in the Falklands. They are looking for rockhoppers that have pencil-case-size black boxes taped to their backs and collecting those boxes, which contain GPS data loggers (记录仪). Some also track diving and heart-rate information. Later, in the scientists’ field station, we gather around a computer screen, analyzing the collected data, which will give us a critical read on ocean conditions, revealed by the birds’ responses. With a lifespan of 10 to 15 years, the species can withstand the occasional disaster and rebuild their population over time. But as colonies damaged by human activities struggle to recover, a string of disasters has knocked them down. Despite their bravery, rockhoppers are highly sensitive. Research by these scientists shows that even a small increase in sea temperature can affect the birds’ food supply and lower chick and adult survival. Besides, changing weather is causing unseasonably intense storms, killing chicks who haven’t yet grown their thick, waterproof feathers. However, moving to cooler water isn’t an option. The constant winds there would push the little penguins into the icy coasts of Antarctica, and there’s no land where they could build new colonies. These scientists are trying to re-establish the native grass. “It may be impossible to stop the changes sweeping their ocean habitats,” Quillfeldt, a seabird ecologist says. “But to help them on land, at the breeding (繁殖) sites, is something we can actually do.” Thinking of the young rockhopper leaping over a fearful gap, I ask the scientists: Can rockhoppers’ courage be an advantage for their survival? Quillfeldt feels it may. Curiosity and bravery can encourage seabirds to find ways to adapt. Don’t forget they’ve got attitude. 1.What is the function of the black boxes on the rockhoppers’ backs? A. To locate GPS data loggers. B. To distinguish birds’ responses. C. To analyze the survival rate. D. To record data about ocean conditions. 2. What may bring a challenge to rockhoppers’ population? A. Their lengthy lifespan. B. Their fondness for high rocks. C. Their thick waterproof feathers. D. Their sensitivity to the climate change. 3. What could be a practical way to help rockhoppers according to paragraph 4? A. Establish new colonies. B. Improve the breeding sites. C. Stop the environmental changes. D. Move to the coasts of Antarctica. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward rockhoppers’ future? A. Hopeful. B. Reserved. C. Dismissive. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了南跳岩企鹅的生存现状与保护 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some also track diving and heart-rate information. Later, in the scientists’ field station, we gather around a computer screen, analyzing the collected data, which will give us a critical read on ocean conditions, revealed by the birds’ responses.(还有一些则会追踪潜水和心率数据。随后，在科学家们的野外工作站里，我们围坐在电脑屏幕前，分析收集到的数据，这些数据将为我们提供有关海洋状况的重要信息，而这些信息是通过鸟类的反应反映出来的)”可知，黑色盒子的功能是为了记录海洋状况的数据，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despite their bravery, rockhoppers are highly sensitive. Research by these scientists shows that even a small increase in sea temperature can affect the birds’ food supply and lower chick and adult survival. Besides, changing weather is causing unseasonably intense storms, killing chicks who haven’t yet grown their thick, waterproof feathers.(尽管它们很勇敢，但跳岩企鹅非常敏感。这些科学家的研究表明，即使海温只是小幅上升，也会对鸟类的食物供应产生影响，并降低雏鸟和成年鸟的存活率。此外，气候变化导致的异常强风暴正在夺走尚未长出厚实防水羽毛的雏鸟的生命)”可知，跳岩企鹅对环境变化非常敏感：微小的海水升温就会影响它们的食物供应、降低存活率，反常的极端风暴也会杀死幼雏，这是它们种群面临的挑战，故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中““It may be impossible to stop the changes sweeping their ocean habitats,” Quillfeldt, a seabird ecologist says. “But to help them on land, at the breeding (繁殖) sites, is something we can actually do.”(“或许无法阻止席卷它们海洋栖息地的变化，”海洋鸟类生态学家Quillfeldt说道，“但在陆地上，在繁殖地帮助它们，这是我们实际上能够做到的事情。”)”可知，可做的实际行动是改善企鹅的繁殖地点，故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Curiosity and bravery can encourage seabirds to find ways to adapt. Don’t forget they’ve got attitude.(好奇心和勇气能够激励海鸟寻找适应的方法。别忘了它们还有态度)”可知，跳岩企鹅的勇气和好奇心可以鼓励它们找到适应环境的方法，故作者对它们的未来是充满希望的，故选A。 Passage 2 As evening falls over the Summer Palace, the sky fills with sharp calls and fast-moving shapes of Beijing Swifts (北京雨燕). These birds have been part of the city’s spirit for centuries, for their return means summer is here. But this familiar sight has begun to fade, with their numbers dropping sharply. Into this story stepped Terry Townshend, a British naturalist who had made Beijing his home. He discovered that the city lies along a major flyway for migratory birds. For Terry, the swift, a bird that only touches down to nest, became a window into this hidden side of the capital. The biggest question remained: Where did these birds, born beneath Beijing’s roofs, go for half the year? In 2014, Terry led an international team. Working with researchers from China, Sweden, and the UK, they began at the Summer Palace. They gently caught 31 swifts and placed geolocators on them. It was an act of trust: setting them free, hoping they would return. One year later, that trust paid off. The returning birds revealed an astonishing journey: 30,000 kilometers from Beijing, over Central Asian deserts, across Arabia, and down Africa’s coast to wintering grounds in Namibia and South Africa. The discovery was more than a scientific breakthrough; it was a story. By mapping their flight path, Terry helped people see these birds no longer as unknown dots in the sky, but as living beings whose lives span (横跨) continents. Modern science finally unlocked the secrets of the Beijing swift’s extreme airborne lifestyle and transcontinental migration — mysteries that had eluded observers for centuries. With the migration route known, targeted conservation could begin. Terry’s map did what words alone could not. It turned unseen miles into a journey the world could finally see. That story starts by just watching the sky, waiting for a swift to bring its secrets home. 5. What has made Beijing Swifts part of the city’s spirit for centuries? A.Their mysterious winter disappearance. B. Their sharp calls and fast-moving shapes. C. Their arrival marking the start of summer. D. Their habit of nesting only on ancient roofs. 6. What did Terry and his team do at the Summer Palace in 2014? A. They mapped the flight path of the swifts. B. They studied swifts’ habitats and behavior. C. They observed swifts returning to Beijing in spring. D. They fitted swifts with devices to track their travel. 7. What does the underlined word “eluded” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Puzzled. B. Touched. C. Motivated. D. Interrupted. 8. What can be learned from Terry Townshend’s work? A. Nature will have its course. B. The early bird catches the worm. C. Rome was not built in a day. D. A picture is worth a thousand words. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国博物学家特里·汤森德通过追踪北京雨燕的迁徙路线，揭示了它们跨越洲际的非凡旅程，并推动了相关保护工作。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These birds have been part of the city’s spirit for centuries, for their return means summer is here.(几个世纪以来，这些鸟一直是这座城市精神的一部分，因为它们的归来意味着夏天来了。)”可知，北京雨燕几个世纪以来一直是这座城市精神的一部分，因为它们的到来标志着夏天的开始。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2014, Terry led an international team. Working with researchers from China, Sweden, and the UK, they began at the Summer Palace. They gently caught 31 swifts and placed geolocators on them.(2014年，特里带领一个国际团队。他们与中国、瑞典和英国的研究人员一起，从颐和园开始。他们轻轻地抓住31只雨燕，并在它们身上放置了地理定位器。)”可知，2014年，特里和他的团队在颐和园给雨燕安装了追踪设备。故选D。 7. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Modern science finally unlocked the secrets of the Beijing swift’s extreme airborne lifestyle and transcontinental migration — mysteries that had eluded observers for centuries.(现代科学终于揭开了北京雨燕极端空中生活方式和跨大陆迁徙的秘密——这些谜团几个世纪以来一直让观察者eluded。)”可知，这些谜团几个世纪以来一直让观察者困惑不解，eluded意为“使困惑”。A. Puzzled使困惑；B. Touched感动；C. Motivated激励；D. Interrupted打断。故选A。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Terry’s map did what words alone could not. It turned unseen miles into a journey the world could finally see.(特里的地图做到了仅靠文字无法做到的事情。它把看不见的英里变成了全世界最终都能看到的旅程。)”可知，从特里·汤森德的工作中可以了解到“一图胜千言”。故选D。 Passage 3 For the first time, scientists have recorded brain activity in a wild sea animal, disclosing the sleep habits of elephant seals (象海豹) during the months they spend at sea. The new findings, published on April 20 in Science, show that while elephant seals may spend 10 hours a day sleeping on the beach during the reproductive season, they average just 2 hours of sleep per day when they are at sea on months-long food-searching trips. They sleep for about 10 minutes at a time during deep, 30-minute dives (潜水), often moving downwards while fast asleep, and sometimes lying still on the seafloor. Elephant seals are most easily hunted by predators (捕食者) such as sharks and killer whales when they are at the surface in the open ocean, so they only spend a minute or two breathing at the surface in between dives. “They’re able to hold their breath for a long time, so they can go into a sound sleep on these dives deep below the surface where it’s safe,” said Kendall-Bar, the first author of the study. Kendall-Bar developed a system (EEG) that can record brain activity in wild elephant seals during their normal diving behavior at sea. In addition to the system, the seals carried time-depth recorders, accelerometers, and other instruments that allowed the researchers to track the seals’ movements along with the corresponding brain activity. With data on brain activity and diving behavior from 13 non-adult female elephant seals, including a total of 104 sleep dives, Kendall-Bar developed a computer program for identifying periods of sleep based on the dive data alone. Williams called Kendall-Bar’s work on the project an excellent achievement. “It’s an amazing feat to pull this off,” she said. “Kendall-Bar used the dive data to create data-driven animations so we can really imagine what the animal is doing as it dives.” 9．What can we learn of elephant seals during the food-searching season? A．They spend 2 hours daily on sleeping. B．They sleep 30 minutes during each dive. C．They spend 10 minutes daily on diving. D．They sleep 10 hours daily on the beach. 10．Why do elephant seals spend little time at the sea surface? A．To look for more food. B．To avoid being attacked. C．To keep their brain active. D．To get more sound sleeps. 11．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The process of the study. B．The purpose of the study. C．The function of the EEG system. D．The importance of the EEG system. 12．What’s Williams’s attitude towards Kendall-Bar’s research? A．Curious. B．Worried. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．A 12．C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家首次记录野生象海豹的大脑活动，揭示其在海上觅食期间的睡眠习性与相关研究情况。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The new findings, published on April 20 in Science, show that while elephant seals may spend 10 hours a day sleeping on the beach during the reproductive season, they average just 2 hours of sleep per day when they are at sea on months-long food-searching trips. (4月20日发表在《科学》杂志上的这项新发现表明，虽然象海豹在繁殖季节每天可能在海滩上睡10个小时，但在长达数月的海上觅食旅程中，它们平均每天只睡2个小时。)”可知，象海豹在觅食季每天睡2小时。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Elephant seals are most easily hunted by predators (捕食者) such as sharks and killer whales when they are at the surface in the open ocean, so they only spend a minute or two breathing at the surface in between dives. (象海豹在开阔海域的海面时最容易被鲨鱼和虎鲸等捕食者捕食，因此它们只在潜水间隙花一两分钟在海面呼吸。)”可知，它们少待在海面是为了避免被攻击。故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Kendall-Bar developed a system (EEG) that can record brain activity in wild elephant seals during their normal diving behavior at sea.(肯德尔-巴尔研发了一套脑电图系统，可记录野生象海豹在海上正常潜水时的大脑活动。)”以及后续研究设备、数据和程序开发等内容可知，本段主要介绍研究过程。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Williams called Kendall-Bar’s work on the project an excellent achievement. “It’s an amazing feat to pull this off,” she said. (威廉姆斯称肯德尔-巴尔在该项目中的工作是一项杰出成就。她说：“完成这件事是一项了不起的壮举。”)”可知，威廉姆斯对该研究持肯定态度。故选C项。 Passage 4 Male green hermit hummingbirds (隐士蜂鸟) have bills evolved for fighting, research finds. Let’s get one thing out of the way: All hummingbirds fight. Most species fight for food, using their tiny bodies and sharp bills to force competitors away from flowers. But the green hermit hummingbird, which lives primarily in mountain forests of Central and South America, fights to win a mate. Hummingbirds’ weapon of choice? Their own bills. The birds raise a long, needle-thin bill into the air before driving it into their opponent. The risks are high: They also use their bills to eat. Losing a fight means a hummingbird might not find a mate. Breaking a bill could mean they starve. New research found that these fights have shaped the species’ evolution, yielding significant differences in bill shape for male and female hermits. Compared to their female counterparts, the males’ bills are straighter, sharper, and structurally stronger. The straighter bills work better as weapons, while female birds’ more curved bills provide improved access to the inside of some flowers. Through curvature and angle analyses, researchers found that male bills are 3% straighter and 69% sharper, respectively, with a knife-like tip not found on female bills. But the differences, researchers found, extend beyond bill shape. CT scans revealed that the male bill’s internal structure provided additional strength by transmitting forces more efficiently. Finally, researchers observed that the male’s straighter bill expends 52. 4% less energy due to deformation, and is more resistant to breaking. The male bill experienced on average 39% less stress than the female bill. They also found that male bills’ straighter shape can accommodate a wider variety of attack angles, requiring less precision while fighting. 13．Why do male green hermit hummingbirds fight? A．To get enough food. B．To gain a partner. C．To keep wildness. D．To protect nests. 14．What can we infer about hummingbirds from paragraph 3? A．Bills affect survival. B．Males fight less often. C．They risk starving. D．Being defeated means death. 15．What is the researchers’ view on the different bills? A．They are accidental and normal. B．They make males good at feeding. C．They reflect adaptive evolution. D．They are mainly for showing off. 16．Which can be the best title for the text? A．How Hummingbirds Fight for Food B．Bill Evolution in Hermit Hummingbirds C．Why Male Hummingbirds Have Longer Bills D．The Feeding Habits of Hermit Hummingbirds 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍雄性绿隐士蜂鸟鸟喙为求偶争斗进化，雌雄鸟喙形态、结构差异及进化优势。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the green hermit hummingbird, which lives primarily in mountain forests of Central and South America, fights to win a mate. (但主要生活在中美洲和南美洲山林中的绿隐士蜂鸟，争斗是为了赢得配偶。)”可知，雄性绿隐士蜂鸟争斗是为了获得伴侣。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The risks are high: They also use their bills to eat. Losing a fight means a hummingbird might not find a mate. Breaking a bill could mean they starve. (风险很高：它们也用鸟喙进食。输掉争斗意味着蜂鸟可能找不到配偶，折断鸟喙可能意味着它们会饿死。)”可知，鸟喙关乎蜂鸟觅食、求偶，影响生存。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“New research found that these fights have shaped the species’ evolution, yielding significant differences in bill shape for male and female hermits .(新研究发现，这些争斗塑造了该物种的进化，使得雌雄隐士蜂鸟的鸟喙形态产生了显著差异。)”可知，鸟喙差异是适应进化的体现。故选C项。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Male green hermit hummingbirds (隐士蜂鸟) have bills evolved for fighting, research finds. (研究发现，雄性绿隐士蜂鸟的鸟喙为争斗而进化。)”以及第四段“New research found that these fights have shaped the species’ evolution, yielding significant differences in bill shape for male and female hermits. (新研究发现，这些争斗塑造了该物种的进化，使得雌雄隐士蜂鸟的鸟喙形态产生了显著差异。)”可知，全文围绕隐士蜂鸟的鸟喙进化展开，介绍了雄性鸟喙为适应争斗进化出的形态、结构优势，以及雌雄鸟喙的差异。B选项“隐士蜂鸟的鸟喙进化”能概括全文主旨，可作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。 话题2 环境保护 Passage 1 In the crystal-clear waters near Talamone, Italy, an extraordinary sight awaits beneath the Mediterranean Sea’s surface. Mermaids, towering giants and enormous sculptural eyes gaze upward from the ocean floor, creating an otherworldly underwater gallery that serves a crucial environmental purpose. This unique initiative represents one innovative fisherman’s determined effort to protect vital fishing grounds from the disastrous impact of commercial fishing nets that threaten marine ecosystems. The underwater sculpture garden operates on a simple yet effective principle that strategically placed artistic installations (安装工程) work alongside concrete blocks to physically obstruct and break the fishing nets that destroy marine life. These massive fishing nets, dragged across the seafloor by commercial vessels, destroy delicate underwater habitats and deplete fish populations that local fishing communities depend upon for their livelihood. The project has evolved beyond its initial conservation goals to become a cooperative effort involving local educational institutions and young artists. Students from a high school in nearby Grosseto have actively participated in the initiative, creating specialized sculptural works designed to serve two purposes. These student-crafted pieces not only contribute to the anti-fishing barrier system but also provide alternative habitats for marine creatures. By offering the marine species a safe shelter within the sculptural installations, the project helps reduce their vulnerability to illegal fishing practices while supporting natural population recovery. The fisherman behind the initiative recognized that traditional regulatory approaches alone were not enough to fulfill the environmental commitment. And the sculptures themselves have captured international attention while serving practical conservation purposes. Each piece sunk to the Mediterranean floor contributes to a growing underwater museum that tells the story of local efforts to preserve marine biodiversity. As the sculpture garden continues to expand, it serves as an inspiring example of how art and environmental protection can work together to create lasting positive change in marine ecosystems. 1．What is the purpose of the underwater sculptures? A．To protect underwater ecosystems. B．To promote local fishing industry. C．To raise environmental awareness. D．To create an attractive artistic gallery. 2．What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Carefully manage. B．Gradually relocate. C．Significantly reduce. D．Successfully protect. 3．What can we learn about the project in paragraph 3? A．The project calls for more support from students and artists. B．The project has expanded into a community-based initiative. C．The sculptures have managed to stop practices of illegal fishing. D．The sculptures show superior artistic skills of the young participants. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Art in the depths: A New Fashion in Italy B．Sculpting a Shield: Art Meets Conservation C．From Gallery to Fishery: The Power of Students D．Guarding the Deep: Traditional Ways of Protection 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利一位渔民通过在地中海海底放置雕塑，将艺术与环保相结合，阻挡破坏性渔网、保护海洋生态系统的创新举措。 1．细节理解题。 根据第一段“This unique initiative represents one innovative fisherman’s determined effort to protect vital fishing grounds from the disastrous impact of commercial fishing nets that threaten marine ecosystems. (这一独特的举措代表了一位创新渔民保护重要渔场免受威胁海洋生态系统的商业捕鱼网灾难性影响的坚定努力。)”以及第二段“The underwater sculpture garden operates on a simple yet effective principle that strategically placed artistic installations (安装工程) work alongside concrete blocks to physically obstruct and break the fishing nets that destroy marine life. (水下雕塑花园遵循一个简单而有效的原则，即战略性地放置艺术装置与混凝土块一起，从物理上阻挡和破坏破坏海洋生物的渔网。)”可知，水下雕塑的目的是保护水下生态系统。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“These massive fishing nets, dragged across the seafloor by commercial vessels, destroy delicate underwater habitats and deplete fish populations that local fishing communities depend upon for their livelihood. (这些巨大的渔网被商船拖过海底，破坏了脆弱的水下栖息地，并使当地渔业社区赖以生存的鱼类数量____。)”可知，渔网对鱼类数量造成的影响是负面的，结合选项可知，应该是“使鱼类数量减少”，所以deplete意思是“显著减少”。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The project has evolved beyond its initial conservation goals to become a cooperative effort involving local educational institutions and young artists. Students from a high school in nearby Grosseto have actively participated in the initiative, creating specialized sculptural works designed to serve two purposes. (该项目已经超越了最初的保护目标，发展成为一项涉及当地教育机构和年轻艺术家的合作努力。附近格罗塞托一所高中的学生积极参与了这项倡议，创作了具有两种用途的专门雕塑作品。)”可知，该项目已经发展成为一个社区性的倡议，涉及到当地的教育机构和年轻艺术家。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“As the sculpture garden continues to expand, it serves as an inspiring example of how art and environmental protection can work together to create lasting positive change in marine ecosystems. (随着雕塑花园的不断扩大，它成为艺术与环境保护如何共同努力，为海洋生态系统带来持久积极变化的一个鼓舞人心的例子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了水下雕塑花园如何将艺术与海洋保护相结合，所以B项“Sculpting a Shield: Art Meets Conservation (塑造盾牌：艺术与保护相遇)”是最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 Now, a study proves that gardens are more than just a pretty place. The study, by researchers at Illinois States University, proves that such gardens can have a measurable, positive impact on water quality. Floating gardens are naturally platforms built on a frame (框架) of plastic caging, wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water, growing. On Chicago’s North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and partners are developing a mile-long, floating eco-park. Called the Wild Mile, the re-development of this former industrial canal is Urban River’s important project. As part of the park, floating gardens, attached to shore, are being fixed. The primary purpose of the floating gardens is beautification. But the Illinois State team, from the University’s Department of Geology, Geography, and the Environment, saw an ideal setup for a controlled experiment. “We joined it because it’s the perfect opportunity to see if there’s an influence on water quality,” explains lead author Abigail Heath. The study is novel: Previous studies have explored floating gardens’ influence on water quality over time, primarily in wastewater treatment ponds, but not over space, in moving water. The project also matches well with Urban Rivers’ broader goals. “The city is interested in bettering water quality,” says Phil Nicodemus, Urban Rivers Director of Research. “Happily, Illinois State got in it.” Could this small human-made park improve water quality? An average of data collected over the course of the study show middle but definitive improvement. For example, nitrogen (氮) dropped from 4.69 milligrams per liter in surface water to 4.43 milligrams per liter, a drop of about 1 percent. “Despite how small this garden was there was measurable improvement in water quality from upstream to downstream,” notes Heath. She and colleagues see this as a model for how larger floating gardens might help improve water in similar settings. “Even this tiny garden makes a difference,” she says. 5．What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A．The floating gardens are environmentally friendly. B．No one can benefit from the project. C．The floating gardens can help fix the former parks. D．The Urban Rivers was once an industrial canal. 6．What is the main reason to build the floating gardens? A．To reduce the waste water. B．To attract more visitors to the park. C．To make the surroundings brilliant. D．To help researchers do the experiment. 7．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph4? A．Building the floating gardens. B．Bettering water quality. C．Measuring the waste water. D．Re-developing the former canal. 8．Which might be the best title for the text? A．Floating Gardens: More than Pretty. B．The Best Way to Better Water Quality. C．A Practical Method of Improving Parks. D．Floating Gardens’ Influence on Water Quality. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了漂浮花园不仅美观，还能对水质产生可测量的积极影响。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Floating gardens are naturally platforms built on a frame (框架) of plastic caging, wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water, growing. On Chicago’s North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and partners are developing a mile-long, floating eco-park.( 漂浮花园是天然生态平台，搭建在塑料网笼框架上，外层包裹椰壳，内部填充本土植被。随着植物生长，它们的根系会延伸到水中，持续生长繁育。在芝加哥河的北支流河段，非营利组织 “城市河流” 及其合作方正在打造一座长达一英里的漂浮生态公园。)”可推知，漂浮花园是环保的。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The primary purpose of the floating gardens is beautification.(漂浮花园的主要目的是美化环境。)”可知，建造漂浮花园的主要原因是使周围环境变得美观。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The city is interested in bettering water quality.(这个城市对改善水质很感兴趣。)”和“Happily, Illinois State got in it.(令人高兴的是，伊利诺伊州加入了它。)”可知，伊利诺伊州参与进来的应该是改善水质这件事，所以“it”指代的是改善水质。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a study proves that gardens are more than just a pretty place. The study, by researchers at Illinois States University, proves that such gardens can have a measurable, positive impact on water quality.(现在，一项研究证明，花园不仅仅是漂亮的地方。伊利诺伊州立大学的研究人员进行的这项研究证明，这样的花园可以对水质产生可测量的积极影响。)”可知，文章主要介绍的是漂浮花园不仅漂亮，还能对水质产生可测量的积极影响，所以选项A“漂浮花园：不仅仅是漂亮”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。 Passage 3 As the old saying goes, we can’t manage what we can’t measure. And this rings especially true when it comes to conservation. Trying to measure biodiversity is a critical part of WWF’s conservation work. Camera traps are one of the primary tools we use to collect data on biodiversity. We are all familiar with the powerful images of wildlife that camera traps can shoot. But what you may not realize is that behind every one of those beautiful photos, we also collect thousands of photos without any animals at all. So WWF joined forces with other conservation organizations and Google to develop a better way to manage camera trap data called Wildlife Insights. Wildlife Insights is an online platform that uses artificial intelligence to automatically filter out all those annoying blank images, find the ones that contain wildlife, and identify which species is in a photo, even if it’s just the end of a tail or the tip of a nose! Wildlife Insights is currently able to identify 1,300 different species. With the help of tools like Wildlife Insights, information is now getting into the hands of decision-makers more quickly, which is critical for species like the endangered greater glider (大袋鼯). A third of their habitat burned in the disastrous bush fires that swept through Australia in 2020, including their tree hollows, which can take up to 250 years to form. As an emergency measure, WWF-Australia and partners quickly set up artificial nest boxes and monitored them using cameras, unsure whether the gliders would move into their new modern homes. But after analyzing the photos in Wildlife Insights, we were amazed to find that gliders were using every single one of the nest boxes we set up, which meant that we could quickly and confidently expand this effort to a larger area. With the ever-mounting challenges facing biodiversity, it’s essential that we continue innovating through technology and partnerships like Wildlife Insights. Rapid access to actionable data means that we can make faster, more effective conservation decisions. 1．Why is measuring biodiversity critical for conservation efforts? A．It helps to identify endangered species quickly. B．It raises public awareness about biodiversity loss. C．It allows for the tracking of wildlife changing patterns. D．It provides data for making informed conservation decisions. 2．What is the problem with camera traps? A．They are difficult to fix. B．They fail to shoot clear images. C．They have limited storage. D．They generate much useless data. 3．What does the underlined phrase “filter out” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Edit. B．Compare. C．Remove. D．Show. 4．What does the case of the greater glider illustrate? A．The impact of case analysis. B．The value of Wildlife Insights. C．The advantage of artificial nest boxes. D．The necessity of habitat protection. 【答案】9．D 10．D 11．C 12．B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界自然基金会与谷歌等机构合作开发的线上平台Wildlife Insights，该平台利用人工智能高效处理红外相机数据，帮助决策者快速获取信息，从而做出更有效的保护决策。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As the old saying goes, we can’t manage what we can’t measure. And this rings especially true when it comes to conservation. Trying to measure biodiversity is a critical part of WWF’s conservation work.(常言道，无法测量便无从管理。这句话在生态保护领域尤为真切——测量生物多样性正是世界自然基金会保护工作的核心环节)”、第二段“Camera traps are one of the primary tools we use to collect data on biodiversity. We are all familiar with the powerful images of wildlife that camera traps can shoot. But what you may not realize is that behind every one of those beautiful photos, we also collect thousands of photos without any animals at all. So WWF joined forces with other conservation organizations and Google to develop a better way to manage camera trap data called Wildlife Insights.(红外相机是我们收集生物多样性数据的主要工具之一。大家都熟悉它能捕捉到的震撼野生动物影像，但你可能没有意识到的是，在每一张美丽的照片背后，我们还收集了数千张完全没有动物的照片。为此，世界自然基金会联合其他环保组织与谷歌，共同开发了更高效管理红外相机数据的平台Wildlife Insights)”和第三段中“With the help of tools like Wildlife Insights, information is now getting into the hands of decision-makers more quickly, which is critical for species like the endangered greater glider (大袋鼯).(借助Wildlife Insights等工具的帮助，信息现在能更快地送到决策者手中，这对像濒危的大袋鼯这样的物种至关重要)”可知，Wildlife Insights平台高效管理红外相机数据，帮助快速收集生物多样性数据，而这些数据信息对濒危物种的保护至关重要。由此推知，测量生物多样性之所以对保护工作至关重要，是因为它能提供数据，帮助做出明智的保护决策。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But what you may not realize is that behind every one of those beautiful photos, we also collect thousands of photos without any animals at all. (但你可能没有意识到的是，在每一张美丽的照片背后，我们还收集了数千张完全没有动物的照片)”可知，红外相机的问题在于它们会产生大量无用的数据(空白照片)。故选D项。 11．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Wildlife Insights is an online platform that uses artificial intelligence to automatically filter out all those annoying blank images, find the ones that contain wildlife, and identify which species is in a photo (Wildlife Insights是一个线上平台，它利用人工智能自动filter out所有那些烦人的空白图像，找出包含野生动物的照片，并识别照片中的物种)”可知，该平台先“去除”空白图像，再找出有效图像。故划线词意为“去除”，与“Remove”同义。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“With the help of tools like Wildlife Insights, information is now getting into the hands of decision-makers more quickly, which is critical for species like the endangered greater glider (大袋鼯). (借助Wildlife Insights等工具的帮助，信息现在能更快地送到决策者手中，这对像濒危的大袋鼯这样的物种至关重要)”和第五段“But after analyzing the photos in Wildlife Insights, we were amazed to find that gliders were using every single one of the nest boxes we set up, which meant that we could quickly and confidently expand this effort to a larger area. (但在分析了Wildlife Insights中的照片后，我们惊讶地发现，大袋鼯正在使用我们设置的每一个巢箱，这意味着我们可以快速、有信心地将这项工作扩展到更大的区域)”可知，Wildlife Insights提供的照片证明了大袋鼯保护工作是有效的，反之，大袋鼯的案例也证明了Wildlife Insights的价值。故选B项。 Passage 4 Fashion operates on desire. How we dress feeds off desires to be different as well as part of a group; to be in fashion but ahead of the pack. The message from the high street is that such wishes can be fulfilled, and fast fashion plays on the idea. But to overcome such urges we need to reflect on the fragility (脆弱) of our planet. The fashion industry has for too long promoted overconsumption as a good thing. About a fifth of mass-produced clothing does not even sell and ends up being buried, cut or burned. Clothing now accounts for 8% of global greenhouse gas emission. Man-made fibres are being found in Arctic sea ice and in fish. Britain has too readily embraced throwaway society. Shoppers in the UK buy more clothes per person than any other country in Europe. Some even suggest rewarding via taxation companies that design products with lower climate footprints and punishing those that do not. Messages from public figures, such as the environmentalist Greta Thunberg, about not buying clothes has helped to persuade people to turn their backs on fast fashion. New research shows that more Britons are opting to purchase expensive but longer-lasting clothes rather than cheaper throwaway items. The market is consequently responding to the mood. Big brands such as H&M and Zara have made new commitments to sustainability. John Lewis has this week introduced labelling (贴标签) to encourage a culture of handing down children’s clothes. Nudie Jeans has become a success, with organic products and stores that promote repair services and resale. At no other time in human history has fashion been so accessible to so many people. Technology will help to make fashion greener. Better regulation of supply chains will help too. There is a noticeable shift from throwing away clothes to repairing, reusing or even renting them. However, it is hard to see how this will be enough to make fashion truly sustainable if the industry still produces more and more clothes. Once normal service returns, we need to think again about the wisdom of promoting competitive consumption, which supports the continuing demand for expansion, in our society. 13．What do the underlined words “the idea” refer to? A．Fashion operates on desire. B．We need to care for our planet. C．The desire can be satisfied. D．People’s desire is endless. 14．Why are H&M and Zara mentioned in the passage? A．To make a contrast. B．To make an explanation. C．To give examples. D．To introduce a new subject. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards the sustainable development of fashion industry? A．Doubtful. B．Ambiguous. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 16．What is the best title of the passage? A．Fashion and Environment B．Fast Fashion Can’t Cost the Earth C．Fast Fashion or Long-lasting Fashion D．Sustainable Development in Fashion Industry 【答案】13．C 14．C 15．A 16．B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。探讨了快时尚行业对环境的影响，以及人们和市场为推动时尚可持续发展所做出的努力与挑战。 13．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Fashion operates on desire. How we dress feeds off desires to be different as well as part of a group; to be in fashion but ahead of the pack. The message from the high street is that such wishes can be fulfilled, and fast fashion plays on the idea. (时尚源于欲望。我们的穿着既满足了与众不同的渴望，也满足了融入群体的渴望；既要赶时髦又要领先潮流。来自大众消费市场的信息表明，这些愿望是可以实现的，而快时尚正是利用了这一理念)”可知，the idea指代的是前文提到的“such wishes can be fulfilled”，说明快时尚正是利用了“消费者愿望可以被满足”这一观念。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据第四段“The market is consequently responding to the mood. Big brands such as H M and Zara have made new commitments to sustainability. (市场因此对这种情绪做出了回应。H&M和Zara等大品牌已对可持续发展做出了新的承诺)”可知，文中提到H&M和Zara是为了举例说明市场正在向可持续时尚转变。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, it is hard to see how this will be enough to make fashion truly sustainable if the industry still produces more and more clothes. (然而，如果该行业仍在生产越来越多的衣服，很难想象这些措施如何足以让时尚真正实现可持续发展)”可知，作者对时尚行业的可持续发展持怀疑态度。故选A。 16．主旨大意题。文章开篇指出快时尚源于人们的欲望，但这种欲望需要让位于对地球脆弱性的思考，接着阐述了快时尚对环境的巨大危害，随后介绍了英国及各大品牌为推动可持续时尚所做的努力，最后作者质疑，若服装产量仍在增加，时尚难以真正可持续。由此可知，全文围绕“时尚与环境”展开，强调快时尚不应以地球为代价。因此，“Fast Fashion Can’t Cost the Earth (快时尚不应以地球为代价)”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 话题3 信息技术 Passage 1 What shape the school of the future will take is uncertain, but most educators and observers agree that the future school will go electronic. In the future, schools as we know will no longer exist. In their place will be community-style centers operating seven days a week, 24 hours a day. Computers will become an essential part for an effective school of the future. Students will see and hear teachers on computers. Accessing “classrooms” on their home computers, students will learn when it’s most convenient for them. Yet some attendance at an actual school will be required to help students develop appropriate social skills. One of American public schools, A．C．T. Academy in McKinney, Texas, was created as an actual “school of the future”. Originally funded by a $5.5 million grant from the USA Department of Education, the school is now supported by the McKinney Independent School District. At the school, knowledge is “actively constructed by the learner on a base of prior knowledge, attitudes, and values”. Sophisticated technology is in place to support the pursuit of knowledge. The 250 Academy students all have access to a computer. The 12-to 18-year-olds each have their own computer; 7-to 11-year-olds have one portable computer for every two students; and 5-and 6-year-olds use computers at fixed stations. In addition, the students use multimedia computers, printers, CD-ROMs, VCRs, video editing machines, camcorders, cable television, online services, and telephones — simple but effective research tools. Whatever the shape of a school of the future might be, technology is always a huge part of it. The school days when computers mean processing words or playing games will be behind us. 1．What will play an important role in the school of the future? A．Computers. B．Environment. C．Teachers. D．Skills. 2．What can be inferred from the text? A．There will be no longer schools in the future. B．Many students are playing games on computers now. C．Students will only stay at home to study in the future. D．Many educators are sure of the function of the future schools. 3．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” mean in paragraph 4? A．Simple. B．Complex. C．Advanced. D．Specialized. 4．Which of the following about A．C．T. Academy is TRUE? A．High technology is made full use of in it. B．It is the only actual public school in the future. C．All students in it have a computer of their own. D．It was funded by the McKinney Independent School District. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述未来学校将电子化、社区化，计算机成为核心。文中以A.C.T. Academy为例，介绍其充分运用高科技设备，技术是未来学校的关键部分。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Computers will become an essential part for an effective school of the future.(计算机将成为未来有效学校的核心组成部分。)”可知，计算机在未来学校中将起到重要作用。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The school days when computers mean processing words or playing games will be behind us.(计算机只用来打字或玩游戏的学生时代将一去不复返了。)”可知，如今很多学生在用电脑玩游戏。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Sophisticated technology is in place to support the pursuit of knowledge.(Sophisticated技术已到位，用以支持知识的学习与探索。)”结合下文介绍的各类高科技设备可推知，sophisticated意为“先进的”。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Sophisticated technology is in place to support the pursuit of knowledge.(先进的技术已到位，用以支持知识的学习与探索。)”以及第五段“The 250 Academy students all have access to a computer. The 12-to 18-year-olds each have their own computer; 7-to 11-year-olds have one portable computer for every two students; and 5-and 6-year-olds use computers at fixed stations. In addition, the students use multimedia computers, printers, CD-ROMs, VCRs, video editing machines, camcorders, cable television, online services, and telephones — simple but effective research tools.(学院的250名学生都能使用电脑。12至18岁的学生每人拥有一台电脑；7至11岁的学生每两人共用一台笔记本电脑；5至6岁的学生则使用固定机位的电脑。此外，学生们还会使用多媒体电脑、打印机、光盘驱动器、录像机、视频编辑机、摄像机、有线电视、在线服务和电话——这些都是简单却实用的研究工具。)”中对该校各种设备的描述可知，这所学校充分运用了高科技。故选A项。 Passage 2 How can classic literary works stay lively in the digital age? A 17-year-old high school student from Chengdu, Sichuan, named Wu Yaduo, has found a wonderful way to answer this question. Using her iPad and creative drawing skills, Wu turns stories from famous classics into hand-drawn animated (动画的) videos. These works include well-known books like A Dream of Red Mansions, Water Margin and The Peony Pavilion, as well as life stories of famous poets such as Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty. Her videos have won tens of thousands of followers online and got millions of views. Wu thinks these classics are timeless because they talk about human emotions and social themes that never go out of date. However, she notices many students are not interested in these works just because they have to learn them for school. So Wu wants to bridge the gap between classics and modern life, making them more relatable and interesting for young people. Therefore, she usually chooses texts from her high school Chinese textbooks as the starting point. In her creations, Wu combines text and sound cleverly. For example, one of her works about A Dream of Red Mansions was inspired by a sad song from an indie band (独立乐队). She drew the flourishing Daguanyuan, or the Grand View Garden, and the sad scene of the family’s downfall at the same time to create a strong emotional impact. Unlike traditional story-telling, her videos are full of bright colors and striking visual effects, as she loves experimental movies and artworks. Though Wu has received much support, she feels sorry that she can’t perfectly turn the images in her mind into drawings. But she still looks forward to creating more works to bring classics closer to daily life. 5．What do we know about Wu Yaduo’s animated videos of classic works? A．She pays more attention to sound than visuals. B．She takes band songs as main creative materials. C．She combines traditional tools with electronic devices. D．She uses digital tools and drawing skills to show classics. 6．Why does Wu use materials from textbooks in her works? A．To choose the easiest content to animate. B．To make students interested in the classics. C．To show the importance of classics at school. D．To explain the classic texts in a simpler way. 7．Which of the following best describes Wu Yaduo’s animated videos? A．Creative and vivid. B．Plain and thoughtful. C．Serious and traditional. D．Popular and demanding. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A student gains popularity online by creating digital content. B．Classic literature is becoming less interesting to modern students. C．A student creates animations to make classics connect the youth. D．Digital technology offers a new way to link traditional culture. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 【语篇导读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了高中生吴雅朵用iPad将经典文学制成手绘动画，结合现代元素吸引年轻人，使古典作品在数字时代焕发活力的事迹。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Using her iPad and creative drawing skills, Wu turns stories from famous classics into hand-drawn animated videos.(吴利用她的iPad和出色的绘画技巧，将著名经典中的故事改编成手绘动画视频)”可知，吴运用数字工具和绘画技巧来展现经典作品。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, she notices many students are not interested in these works just because they have to learn them for school. So Wu wants to bridge the gap between classics and modern life, making them more relatable and interesting for young people. Therefore, she usually chooses texts from her high school Chinese textbooks as the starting point.(然而，她注意到许多学生对这些作品并不感兴趣，原因就在于他们必须为了学业而学习这些内容。所以吴想要弥合经典与现代生活之间的差距，让它们更贴近年轻人的生活，也更具趣味性。因此，她通常会从自己高中语文课本中的内容入手)”可知，吴选择课本内容是因为为了让学生们对经典著作产生兴趣。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“In her creations, Wu combines text and sound cleverly. For example, one of her works about A Dream of Red Mansions was inspired by a sad song from an indie band. She drew the flourishing Daguanyuan, or the Grand View Garden, and the sad scene of the family’s downfall at the same time to create a strong emotional impact. Unlike traditional story-telling, her videos are full of bright colors and striking visual effects, as she loves experimental movies and artworks.(在她的作品中，吴巧妙地将文字与声音相结合。例如，她的一部关于《红楼梦》的作品就受到了一支独立乐队的一首悲伤歌曲的启发。她同时描绘了繁荣的大观园以及家族衰落的悲惨场景，以此营造出强烈的情感冲击力。与传统的讲故事方式不同，她的视频充满了鲜艳的色彩和引人注目的视觉效果，因为她喜欢实验性的电影和艺术作品)”可知，吴的动画电影将文字和声音相结合，是有创造性，且用了鲜明的色彩和视觉效果，是生动的。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“How can classic literary works stay lively in the digital age? A 17-year-old high school student from Chengdu, Sichuan, named Wu Yaduo, has found a wonderful way to answer this question.(在数字时代，经典文学作品如何才能保持其活力呢？来自四川成都的一位17岁的高中生吴雅朵找到了一个很好的答案)”及第二段“Using her iPad and creative drawing skills, Wu turns stories from famous classics into hand-drawn animated videos.(吴利用她的iPad和出色的绘画技巧，将著名经典中的故事改编成手绘动画视频)”可知，本文介绍了讲述了高中生吴雅朵用iPad将经典文学制成手绘动画，结合现代元素吸引年轻人，使古典作品在数字时代焕发活力的事迹。故选C。 Passage 3 The rise of digital technology has completely transformed the way students live their lives. From the way they socialise to the way they learn, digital technology has become a necessary part of campus life. Then how has digital technology transformed students’ campus life? On the one hand, the use of social media has made it easier for students to keep in touch with their peers off campus. Some social platforms have become popular among students, allowing them to share their daily lives, engage in online conversations, and form virtual communities. Meanwhile, digital technology has also changed the way students communicate with their instructors. With email and online chat platforms, students can easily contact their teachers for clarification on assignments, grades, and course content. This has improved communication between students and faculty, leading to a better learning experience. On the other hand, digital technology has also revolutionized the way students learn. With online courses and virtual classrooms, students can access a variety of courses from the comfort of their own homes. This has opened up opportunities for students to pursue their passions and interests outside of their majors. Actually, it has made it easier to promote and participate in multiple campus events. Students can easily create online campaigns to promote events, organise events using online calendars, and even stream events live over the Internet. This has made it possible for more students to get involved and participate in various campus events. Another benefit which is often ignored is its positive impact on their mental health. With online resources, such as anxiety apps and depression support groups, students can deal with stress and anxiety. They can seek help when in need, as online counselling services are available 24/7. Digital technology has transformed campus life in numerous ways. While digital technology has brought many benefits, it has also raised concerns about its negative impact on student life. 9．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A．Types of campus life. B．Changes in social life. C．Learning ways of students. D．Popularity of digital technology. 10．What can students do when they use social media according to paragraph 2? A．Build different social media platforms. B．Contact classmates in class. C．Interact with teachers online. D．Form common communities. 11．Why can digital technology promote campus events? A．It stresses the importance of campus events. B．It improves ways students organise events. C．It lights the passions and confidence of students. D．It encourages more contact with school teachers. 12．What will be possibly discussed in the paragraph that follows? A．The potential risks of digital technology. B．The reasons for the development of digital tools. C．How campuses promote diverse digital practices. D．How we can avoid being addicted to digital technology. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了随着数字技术的普及，学生的校园生活、交流方式以及学习方式也在随之改变。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The rise of digital technology has completely transformed the way students live their lives. From the way they socialise to the way they learn, digital technology has become a necessary part of campus life. ?(数字技术的兴起彻底改变了学生的生活方式。从他们的社交方式到学习方式，数字技术已成为校园生活不可或缺的一部分)”可知，作者在文章开头说到数字技术已经成为校园生活的必要组成部分，即数字技术的普及这一现象。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, digital technology has also changed the way students communicate with their instructors. With email and online chat platforms, students can easily contact their teachers for clarification on assignments, grades, and course content.(与此同时，数字技术也改变了学生与教师交流的方式。通过电子邮件和在线聊天平台，学生能够方便地与老师取得联系，以获取关于作业、成绩和课程内容的解答)”可知，数字技术也改变了学生与老师之间的交流方式，学生使用社交媒体可以轻松地和老师在线交流。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Students can easily create online campaigns to promote events, organise events using online calendars, and even stream events live over the Internet.(学生们可以轻松地创建线上活动宣传平台来推广各类活动，还能通过在线日历来组织活动，甚至还能通过互联网直播的方式进行活动的现场直播)”可知，数字技术通过改变学生宣传及组织活动的方式使得校园活动被推广。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While digital technology has brought many benefits, it has also raised concerns about its negative impact on student life.(虽然数字技术带来了诸多好处，但它也引发了人们对其对学生生活产生负面影响的担忧)”可知，下一段可能讨论数字技术存在的潜在风险。故选A。 Passage 4 A recent report from a United Nations group warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. Instead, technology should be used to support learning. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost,” the report says. Technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really influences students. The new report says that many of the studies showing that technology helps students come from rich countries and that some of the studies supporting technology come from companies that sell technology to schools. As classes moved online, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s a larger problem. People and countries with less money are often left out. It is true that technology can help in many ways, like allowing students to learn in more interesting ways, helping teachers explain difficult ideas and helping students with special needs. But it can also be very distracting (分散注意力的). When students use phones in class, it can disturb their learning. One study that was carried out in 14 countries showed that even just having a smartphone nearby can be distracting. Even so, only less than 25% of the world’s countries don’t allow students to use phones in schools. The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers. Working with other classmates also helps students learn. Most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers. 13．Why does a United Nations group deliver the report? A．To stress the importance of digital technology. B．To improve how technology is used in education. C．To encourage more schools to use technology in class. D．To pay more attention to the development of technology. 14．What is a relatively bigger problem for online class? A．Students themselves cannot fully focus their attention. B．The Internet speed is much slower in many homes. C．Schools have to spend extra money on the Internet. D．The advantages of online technology fail to be shared fairly. 15．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A．A recent UN report says that technology should not be used in classrooms. B．One study showed over a quarter of the world’s countries mustn’t use phones in schools. C．The UN report says that the best way to learn is working with teachers. D．Technology can have influence both in good and bad ways. 16．What is the best title of the text? A．A UN Group calls for Limit on Technology in Schools B．Countries Work Together to Improve Education C．Technology Plays an Important Role in Our Life D．Smartphones Help Students a Lot in Online Learning 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了联合国某组织发布报告指出，课堂上使用技术可能不像许多人认为的那样有帮助，技术应辅助学习而非成为焦点，报告还探讨了技术在教育应用中的问题、影响及最佳学习方式等，旨在改善技术在教育中的使用情况。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent report from a United Nations group warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. Instead, technology should be used to support learning.(联合国某机构近期发布的一份报告警告称，在课堂上使用科技可能并不像许多人认为的那样有帮助。报告指出，科技固然能起到一定作用，但不应成为核心。相反，科技应当被用于辅助学习。)”可知，该报告指出了当前技术在教育应用中的误区，目的是改善技术在教育中的使用方式。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s a larger problem. People and countries with less money are often left out.(但报告指出，约有5亿学生无法参加在线课程。这是一个更大的问题。资金较少的个人和国家往往被排除在外)”可知，在线课程相对更大的问题是在线技术的优势未能公平共享。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is true that technology can help in many ways, like allowing students to learn in more interesting ways, helping teachers explain difficult ideas and helping students with special needs. But it can also be very distracting (分散注意力的).(诚然，科技能在诸多方面提供帮助，比如让学生以更有趣的方式学习、帮助教师解释复杂的概念，以及为有特殊需求的学生提供支持。但它也可能非常分散注意力。)”可知，技术的影响有好有坏。故选D项。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A recent report from a United Nations group warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. Instead, technology should be used to support learning. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost,” the report says.(联合国某组织最近发布的一份报告警告称，在课堂上使用技术可能并不像许多人认为的那样有很大帮助。报告指出，技术固然有一定益处，但不应成为重点。相反，技术应当用于辅助学习。报告还称：“在教育中过度关注技术，往往代价高昂”)”可知，联合国某组织发布报告指出，课堂上使用技术可能不像许多人认为的那样有帮助，技术应辅助学习而非成为焦点，报告还探讨了技术在教育应用中的问题、影响及最佳学习方式等，旨在改善技术在教育中的使用情况，A选项“A UN Group calls for Limit on Technology in Schools（联合国某组织呼吁限制学校使用技术）”为最佳标题。故选A项。 话题4 自然灾害与防范 Passage 1 Wildfires are not always harmful to forests. In many ecosystems, fire helps remove accumulated debris (堆积的枯落物), returns nutrients to the soil, and supports healthy regeneration. For more than 100 years, the United States has invested billions of dollars in suppressing (压制) wildfires to protect communities, infrastructure, and sensitive landscapes. While this approach has reduced immediate risks, it has also limited the natural fires that forests depend on, increasing the likelihood of larger and more intense fires in the future. New research shows that nearly 38 million hectares of land in the western United States have burned less often than they historically should have. Researchers describe this widespread shortfall as a “fire deficit”. “Conditions are getting so warm and dry that it’s causing huge amounts of fire compared to the historical record,” said Winslow Hansen, director of the Western Fire and Forest Resilience Collaborative and scientist at Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. “However, we are still observing the tradition of 150 years of fire suppression. Together, drying conditions and overly dense fuels indicate a more challenging and fiery future.” To identify where fire has been missing, researchers relied on geospatial evidence including soil samples. The data helped establish historical fire return periods, which were then constructed using the Landfire program to compare past fire activity with modern patterns. The researchers found that 74% of the western United States is now in a “fire deficit”. Closing that gap will require roughly 3.8 million hectares of forest to burn each year for the next decade. Although the scale of needed burning is daunting, Hansen and his co-workers say it can be addressed using a mix of approaches. These include mechanical thinning to remove excess vegetation and leaving some wildfires burning under controlled conditions. “There are still lots of wildfires that burn today... that are reducing our fuel loads and revitalizing ecosystems,” said Hansen. “Instead of suppressing those fires and putting them out, we’ve got to let them do good ecological work to help us tackle this challenge when risk is low.” 1．What can constantly suppressing wildfires lead to according to paragraph 1? A．Increased immediate risks. B．Healthier soil regeneration. C．Naturally stable ecosystems. D．More dangerous future fires. 2．What does the new research find about the western United States? A．Conditions are getting less warm. B．Fire suppression brings many benefits. C．Over half of its land is in need of wildfires. D．A century-old tradition is left behind. 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 5? A．Unpredictable. B．Alarming. C．Artificial. D．Inappropriate. 4．What is Hansen’s advice for addressing low-risk wildfires? A．Take preventive measures. B．Call for joint efforts. C．Prioritize suppressing them. D．Let nature take its course. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。美国长期投入巨资扑灭野火，虽降低了短期风险，却导致其西部74%的地区出现“火灾赤字”。研究指出，气候变干燥与可燃物过度堆积共同加剧了未来火灾风险。科学家建议，未来十年需通过机械疏伐和可控焚烧相结合，以平衡生态并降低灾害隐患。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While this approach has reduced immediate risks, it has also limited the natural fires that forests depend on, increasing the likelihood of larger and more intense fires in the future.(虽然这种方法降低了当前的火灾风险，但同时也限制了森林所需的自然火灾的发生，从而增加了未来发生更大规模、更猛烈火灾的可能性)”可知，不断压制野火可能会导致未来发生更危险的火灾。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers describe this widespread shortfall as a “fire deficit”.(研究人员将这种普遍存在的不足现象称为“火灾赤字”)”及第四段“The researchers found that 74% of the western United States is now in a “fire deficit”.(研究人员发现，如今美国西部地区有 74%的区域处于“火灾赤字”状态)”可知，新研究发现，美国西部一半以上的地方存在“火灾赤字”情况。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Closing that gap will require roughly 3.8 million hectares of forest to burn each year for the next decade.(要弥合这一差距，未来十年每年大约需要有380万公顷的森林被烧毁)”以及although表示转折，可推断，未来十年每年大约需要有380万公顷的森林被烧毁，故以及画线词所在句的句意是“尽管所需焚烧的规模令人担忧，但Hansen及其同事表示，可以通过多种方法相结合来解决”。故画线词的意思与“令人担忧”的意思接近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead of suppressing those fires and putting them out, we’ve got to let them do good ecological work to help us tackle this challenge when risk is low.(与其试图扑灭这些火势并将其扑灭，不如让我们允许它们发挥有益的生态作用，在风险较低的时候利用它们来帮助我们应对这一挑战)”可推断，在应对低风险的野火时，Hansen建议顺应自然。故选D。 Passage 2 Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system (地震预警系统哪), which can detect (探测) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquakes sensors to detect quakes and issue warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which make up 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system. “Although AEA is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes,” says Allen, the leader of the study. Working on the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, AEA system will send two types of warnings to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” warnings to users. These warnings are designed to draw users’ attention immediately and remind them to take protective actions. It also delivers “Be Aware” warnings to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these warnings were, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did experience shaking, with 36% receiving the warning before the ground began to move, 28% during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focused on improving the AEA system. “We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective warnings,” says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example, could help the emergency rescue after an earthquake. 5．What is AEA’s advantage over the traditional way? A．It has smarter sensors. B．It requires less funding. C．It sends earlier warnings. D．It detects smaller quakes. 6．What decides the type of warnings? A．Result of the earthquake. B．Site of the earthquake. C．Magnitude of the earthquake. D．Reason of the earthquake. 7．What do Allen’s words mean in paragraph 5? A．Technological advances prevent disasters. B．Researches on earthquakes are in demand. C．Quality of rescue tools requires improvement. D．The warning system needs further development. 8．What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce a warning system. B．To compare two types of alerts.     C．To raise public safety awareness. D．To promote a disaster rescue tool. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述研究人员研发出安卓地震警报系统，依托手机传感器实现地震预警，成本更低，能发送不同等级警报，目前正持续优化且有拓展应用潜力。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which make up 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system. (建立这样的网络成本高昂，许多地震多发地区都没有这样的系统。然而，这些地区拥有的是内置运动传感器的智能手机，研究人员利用占据全球智能手机市场 70% 份额的安卓智能手机，研发出了安卓地震警报系统。)”可知，传统地震预警系统建造成本高，而AEA依托现有智能手机研发，所需资金更少，这是其相较传统方式的优势。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” warnings to users. (对于4.5级及以上的地震，该系统会向用户发送“采取行动”的警报。)”和“It also delivers “Be Aware” warnings to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. (它也会向预计将遭遇3级或4级震动的地区发送“提高警惕”的警报。)”可知，系统会根据地震的震级不同，发送不同类型的警报，地震震级决定了警报类型。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段“We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective warnings (我们认为我们可以继续提升地震探测的质量，同时也可以改进我们发布有效警报的策略)”可知，Allen表示团队还能继续优化地震探测质量和警报发布策略，由此可推断该预警系统仍需要进一步的研发和完善。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. (基于对 98 个国家数百万部手机开展的一项为期三年的研究，研究人员发现，全球安卓智能手机网络可成为一套实用的地震早期预警系统，该系统能探测到地震，并在震动开始前为用户争取到宝贵的反应时间。)”可知，文章开篇便点明研究成果 —— 安卓智能手机网络可作为实用的地震预警系统，后文围绕该 AEA 系统的研发背景、工作模式、测试效果及优化方向展开，全文核心是介绍这款安卓地震预警系统。故选A项。 Passage 3 Local government and firefighters in the United States are always managing to look for new and creative methods to help keep wildfires under control. Especially during the hot and dry summer months, thousands of wildfires spread through forests every year. The city of West Sacramento in North California has found a creative secret weapon (秘密武器) to help address this problem. The secret weapon, believe it or not, is goats (山羊)! In their wake, the dangerous fires cause loss of life, and cause damage to land and neighboring communities. By thinking out of the box, the decision to use goats for fire prevention has proven (证明) to be a success. These friendly animals have been helping the city with wildfire prevention by eating the dry grass and dead trees. When the goats eat the things that are likely to catch fire, they stop the problem before it grows! Wildfires can happen naturally, when dry plants catch fire because of the sun’s heat. However, most wildfires are caused by human carelessness. The best way to fight the fires and lessen the damage is to try to clear away the things that encourage the fire’s spread, in this case the dry grass, trees and plants. If the things that are most likely to catch fire are gone, the fire is less likely to spread. This is a very environmentally friendly solution on many levels, and super effective as well. The loveable goats are able to reach difficult areas that grass cutters would not be able to reach. Firefighters and government officials could not be happier with the results. West Sacramento public information officer, Paul Hosely, said that about 400 of these goats can clear an area of about two acres per day. They even fertilize (使肥沃) the area, a natural and free side effect of eating all those dry plants. Although this effort is costly, it has paid off. A few weeks ago, a fire near the Oakland Zoo spread quickly. Fire breaks made by the goats helped stop it from growing and spreading, and kept the people in the area and their properties (财产) safe. 9．What does the underlined part “this problem” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The shortage of firefighters in the U. S. B．Loss of life caused by extreme weather. C．The growth of wildfires across wooded areas. D．Damage to land caused by some wild animals. 10．How do goats help West Sacramento? A．By fertilizing gardens. B．By creating fire breaks. C．By warning of possible danger. D．By controlling overgrown grass. 11．How does the author show the solution’s effectiveness in paragraph5? A．By using experts’ words. B．By providing examples. C．By showing differences. D．By describing a process. 12．The author used the event near the Oakland Zoo to show _________. A．the side effect of the mentioned solution B．the popularity of the mentioned solution C．the high cost of the mentioned solution D．the success of the mentioned solution 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。说明了美国加州西萨克拉门托市用山羊吃掉易燃的干草枯木，形成防火带，环保高效，成功阻止野火蔓延，是预防野火的创新方法。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Especially during the hot and dry summer months, thousands of wildfires spread through forests every year.(尤其是在炎热干燥的夏季，每年都有成千上万的森林火灾在森林中蔓延开来)”可知，第一段讲美国每年夏天都有大量野火在森林蔓延，西萨克拉门托市找到秘密武器（山羊）来解决this problem，指代的就是森林地区野火频发、扩散的问题。故划线词指的是“林区范围内野火的蔓延情况”。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“These friendly animals have been helping the city with wildfire prevention by eating the dry grass and dead trees.(这些友好的动物通过吞食干燥的草和枯树，为这座城市提供了防火方面的帮助)”可知，山羊通过开辟防火隔离带为西萨克拉门托市做出贡献。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段“West Sacramento public information officer, Paul Hosely, said that about 400 of these goats can clear an area of about two acres per day.(西萨克拉门托市的公共信息官员保罗·霍塞利表示，这些山羊每天大约能清理两英亩左右的区域)”可知，作者通过引用专家的话展示该解决方案的有效性。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although this effort is costly, it has paid off. A few weeks ago, a fire near the Oakland Zoo spread quickly. Fire breaks made by the goats helped stop it from growing and spreading, and kept the people in the area and their properties (财产) safe.(尽管这项举措成本高昂，但最终还是取得了成效。几周前，奥克兰动物园附近发生了一场大火，火势迅速蔓延。而这些由山羊搭建的防火屏障帮助阻止了火势的扩大和蔓延，使该区域的居民及其财产得以安全)”可知，作者以奥克兰动物园附近发生的这一事件为例，来展示所提及解决方案的成效。故选D。 Passage 4 Faced with worsening floods and a shortage of housing, the Netherlands is seeing growing interest in floating homes. When a heavy storm hit in October, 2022, residents of the floating community in Amsterdam had little doubt that they could ride it out. They tied up their bikes and outdoor benches, checked in with neighbors to ensure everyone had enough food and water, and stayed indoors safely as their neighborhood slid up and down its steel foundational post, rising along with the water and coming down to its original position after the rain stopped. “We feel safer in a storm because we are floating,” says Siti Boelen. “I think it’s kind of strange that building on water is not a priority worldwide.” A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas or floods by remaining atop the water’s surface. Unlike houseboats, which can easily be untied and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore, often resting on steel poles, and are usually connected to the local waste water system and power supply. They are structurally similar to houses built on land, but instead of a basement, they have a concrete hull (混凝土船体) that acts as a counterbalance, allowing them to remain stable in the water. As sea levels rise and strong storms cause waters to rise, floating neighborhoods offer an experiment in flood defence that could allow coastal communities to better deal with climate change. In the land-short but crowded Netherlands, demand for such homes is growing. And, as more people look to build on the water there, officials are working to update zoning laws to make the construction of floating homes easier. “The authorities want to expand the concept of floating because it is multifunctional use of space for housing, and because the sustainable way is the way forward,” says Nienke Renssen, an Amsterdam city councilor. 13．How did the floating community residents react in the 2022 storm? A．They were forced to relocate to safe places. B．They felt calm and confident about survival. C．They called the government for emergency help. D．They complained about the design of the floating homes. 14．What makes a floating home different from a houseboat? A．It can be moved around easily. B．It is not linked to local living facilities. C．It has a basement to maintain balance in water. D．It is secured to the shore with supporting structures. 15．What is authorities’ attitude towards floating homes? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Objective. 16．What can be the best title for the text? A．Living on Water: A New Global Home Style B．Zoning Laws: A Key to Building Floating Homes C．Flood Control: A Main Function of Floating Homes D．Floating Homes: Solving Floods and Housing Shortage 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了荷兰浮动房屋应对洪水和住房短缺问题的情况。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“When a heavy storm hit in October, 2022, residents of the floating community in Amsterdam had little doubt that they could ride it out.(2022年10月，一场暴风雨来袭，阿姆斯特丹浮动社区的居民毫不怀疑他们能够挺过去)”以及“We feel safer in a storm because we are floating(我们在暴风雨中感觉更安全，因为我们是漂浮的)”可知，浮动社区的居民对生存感到平静和自信。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Unlike houseboats, which can easily be untied and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore, often resting on steel poles, and are usually connected to the local waste water system and power supply.(与可以轻松解开并重新安置的船屋不同，浮动房屋固定在岸边，通常支撑在钢柱上，通常与当地废水系统和电源相连)”可知，浮动房屋与船屋的不同之处在于浮动房屋用支撑结构固定在岸边。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The authorities want to expand the concept of floating because it is multifunctional use of space for housing, and because the sustainable way is the way forward(当局希望扩大浮动房屋的概念，因为它是住房空间的多功能利用，而且可持续的方式是未来的发展方向)”可知，当局对浮动房屋的态度是支持的。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Faced with worsening floods and a shortage of housing, the Netherlands is seeing growing interest in floating homes.(面对日益严重的洪水和住房短缺，荷兰对浮动房屋的兴趣日益浓厚)”可知，文章主要讲述了荷兰浮动房屋应对洪水和住房短缺问题的情况，因此D选项“浮动房屋：解决洪水和住房短缺问题”最符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。 话题5 人工智能 Passage 1 Lego has said that its braille bricks (盲文积木), which are loved by schools and services helping visually impaired (视觉受损的) kids, can now be bought by the public. This has caused many to think about the improvements in toys and games. Making toys and games covers many different things. Kids have various needs when it comes to play, especially those with physical challenges and learning differences. Good toy and game design should avoid trying to remedy children’s play by removing their mistakes at play and requiring them to play in a standard way. It should focus instead on how toys and games can better meet the play interests of a wide range of children. However, traditional toys and games made for special play needs are often expensive. Toys with small parts or operating systems are often inaccessible (不可使用的) to children with disabilities. A design that supports equal play, where accessibility is built in as a standard, rather than an added feature, may offer useful inspiration. New technologies bring new possibilities. For example, researchers at Lodz University of Technology tested a way to make games more interactive (互动的) for visually impaired children. They used sounds to help these children understand shapes and colors in the game. Another example is the artificial intelligence (AI) Barbie dolls. The Barbie movie’s success has made the Barbie dolls popular again. An AI Barbie could talk and have more advanced conversations with children, which would be a fun and creative experience. Children prefer to stay with it. When kids play with an AI Barbie, it can make them aware of, understand and share their feelings, even if they have trouble speaking or seeing. Improving the accessibility of children’s toys and games is important, though the task is anything but easy. The digital game industry has been working on setting some basic rules. These rules will help more children with different needs to play and enjoy toys and games. 1．What does the underlined word “remedy” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Share. B．Replace. C．Compare. D．Correct. 2．What does the example of sound-based toys aim to explain? A．Small parts are necessary for equal play. B．Kids with disabilities prefer simpler toys. C．Creative design helps meet special play needs. D．Interactive toys make a challenging experience. 3．What is an important feature of an AI Barbie? A．It inspires a sense of achievement. B．It helps kids study in a relaxing way. C．It supports kids’ emotional expression. D．It recognizes common behavior problems. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future development of toys and games? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Surprised. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调玩具设计应满足各种儿童尤其是有特殊需求儿童的需求，避免统一标准。传统特殊玩具价格高且不易使用，设计应注重无障碍和平等。新技术如声音辅助和AI芭比娃娃为视障或表达困难儿童带来更多互动和乐趣。 1．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文内容“by removing their mistakes at play and requiring them to play in a standard way(消除他们玩耍中的错误，并要求他们按标准方式玩)”可知，后半句解释了“remedy”的方式：消除孩子玩耍时的错误，要求孩子按标准方式玩耍，这明显是在纠正、矫正孩子的玩耍方式。由此推知，“remedy”有“纠正（correct）”含义。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“New technologies bring new possibilities. For example, researchers at Lodz University of Technology tested a way to make games more interactive for visually impaired children. They used sounds to help these children understand shapes and colors in the game.(新技术带来了新的可能性。例如，罗兹理工大学的研究人员测试了一种使游戏对视障儿童更具互动性的方法。他们用声音来帮助这些孩子理解游戏中的形状和颜色。)”可知，这种声音玩具是前文提及的“新技术带来新可能”的充分例证，由此推知，举了有声玩具帮助视障儿童的例子意在证明：有创意的设计能够满足儿童的特殊玩耍需求。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“When kids play with an AI Barbie, it can make them aware of, understand and share their feelings, even if they have trouble speaking or seeing.(当孩子们玩AI芭比娃娃时，它可以让他们意识到、理解和分享自己的感受，即使他们说话或看东西有困难。)”可知，AI芭比可以帮助孩子（包括有表达、视觉障碍的孩子）认识、理解、分享自己的感受，即它支持孩子的情绪表达。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章末段内容“Improving the accessibility of children’s toys and games is important, though the task is anything but easy. The digital game industry has been working on setting some basic rules. These rules will help more children with different needs to play and enjoy toys and games.(提升儿童玩具与游戏的易用性固然重要，但这项任务绝非易事。数字游戏行业一直在致力于制定一些基本准则。这些准则将帮助更多有不同需求的儿童，让他们能够参与并享受玩具与游戏带来的乐趣。)”可知，作者提及虽然任务不容易，但行业在努力、制定规则、未来能帮助更多孩子，由此推知，作者对于玩具和游戏的未来发展的态度是积极、抱有希望的。故选B项。 Passage 2 To explore how a Western-centric AI impacts users from different backgrounds, the Cornell University team designed a clever cross-cultural experiment. They invited 118 participants through the online platform Prolific, carefully selecting 60 individuals from India and 58 from the United States. This setup created a “cultural distance” situation: American users interacting with an AI likely aligned with their own cultural norms (规范), and Indian users interacting with an AI potentially were distant from theirs. The study’s most striking findings turned up when analyzing the content and style of the essays themselves. The researchers first looked at whether AI made writing more similar within each cultural group. Using advanced natural language processing techniques to compare the meaning-based similarity of essays, they found that AI indeed had a homogenizing (同质化) effect. Both Indians and Americans wrote more similarly to others within their own cultural group when using AI suggestions. But the critical test was the cross-cultural comparison. Did AI make Indian and American writing styles converge (趋同)? The answer was really a yes. The average similarity score between Indian and American essays jumped significantly when both groups used AI (from 0.48 to 0.54). Participants from the two different cultures wrote more like each other when guided by the AI assistant. Furthermore, the effect size of this cross-cultural homogenization was stronger than the within-culture homogenization observed earlier. This wasn’t just a general smoothing effect; it indicated a powerful convergence across cultural lines. Which way was the convergence flowing? Was AI making Americans write more like Indians, or vice versa? By comparing situations where only one group used AI, the researchers found the influence was not the same. AI caused Indian writing to become significantly more similar to natural American writing styles than it caused American writing to resemble natural Indian styles. The Western-centric AI was clearly pulling Indian users towards its own hidden norms. 5．What does the underlined word “aligned” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Struggled. B．Identified. C．Competed. D．Matched. 6．What can we learn about AI’s impact within each group? A．AI may limit personalized writing. B．AI can reduce cultural communication. C．AI inspires creativity with various ideas. D．AI improves fluency in different languages. 7．How did the researchers prove Indian writing styles were more influenced? A．Through an online survey. B．By comparison. C．Through AI scoring. D．By setting different norms. 8．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph? A．AI had a small effect across cultures. B．AI helped make American writing unique. C．AI caused Indian writing to be westernized. D．AI made out the writing styles of the participants. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于人工智能对跨文化写作影响的实验研究，发现以西方为中心的人工智能会导致不同文化背景用户的写作风格趋同，且非西方文化受到的影响更为显著。 5．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“This setup created a “cultural distance” situation: American users interacting with an AI likely aligned with their own cultural norms (规范), and Indian users interacting with an AI potentially were distant from theirs. (这种设置创造了一种“文化距离”情境：美国用户与可能aligned with他们自身文化规范的人工智能互动，而印度用户与可能与其自身文化规范相距甚远的人工智能互动)”可知，设置的情境中美国用户与印度用户的情况形成对比，印度用户是与可能与其自身文化规范相距甚远的人工智能互动，而美国用户使用的人工智能设计更符合美国文化规范。与“were distant from”相对应，aligned with的意思是“与……一致，与……相匹配”，故划线词与“Matched”同义。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Using advanced natural language processing techniques to compare the meaning-based similarity of essays, they found that AI indeed had a homogenizing (同质化) effect. Both Indians and Americans wrote more similarly to others within their own cultural group when using AI suggestions.(通过运用先进的自然语言处理技术来比较作文在语义层面的相似度，他们发现人工智能确实具有同质化效应。在使用人工智能建议后，印度人和美国人在各自文化群体内部的写作风格都变得更加相似)”可知，人工智能让印度人和美国人在各自文化群体内部的写作风格都变得更加相似，说明它可能会限制个性化的写作。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段中“By comparing situations where only one group used AI, the researchers found the influence was not the same. AI caused Indian writing to become significantly more similar to natural American writing styles than it caused American writing to resemble natural Indian styles. (通过比较只有一组使用AI的情况，研究人员发现影响并不相同。AI使印度写作风格变得与美国本土写作风格相似的程度，远高于使美国写作风格变得与印度本土风格相似的程度)”可知，研究人员通过比较不同情况下AI的影响来证明印度写作风格受到的影响更大。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Western-centric AI was clearly pulling Indian users towards its own hidden norms. (以西方为中心的人工智能显然在将印度用户拉向其自身的隐性规范)”可知，作者在最后一段想要表达的是人工智能导致印度写作风格被西方化。故选C项。 Passage 3 Is this text AI-generated? That question crops up a lot these days. Computer software to flag AI-generated text exists. But most programs share one crucial weakness, says Jun Jang: no sense of style. His new software hopes to fill that gap. Jun’s program takes note of a writer’s stylistic characteristics. It can then use those characteristics to check if another text was written by the same person. Jun says his project was motivated by seeing students admit using AI tools on classroom assignments. But relying too much on these tools can erode someone’s creativity. It can also harm their ability to work out problems themselves, Jun says. And young people are most at risk. “I figured that by me making an attempt to solve this issue, I could help millions of teachers as well as maybe help kids become more creative and spark more innovation.” Jun says. AI use for homework is not rare. The Turnitin program is an existing tool to check who wrote a piece of text. In the first year it was available, it analyzed more than 200 million student papers. Last year, it reported evidence that some 11 in every 100 papers it reviewed had used AI for at least a fifth of their text. Three in every 100 papers used AI for four-fifths of their content. “That’s absolutely no surprise,” Jun says. Some forms of generative AI are powerful, game-changing technologies. “Using AI can be good for education, obviously,” he says, “But a lot of kids don’t use it properly.” Since the release of some AI software, teachers increasingly have had to make hard calls. They must decide whether a student wrote an essay, or just asked a machine to write it. Wrongfully flagging some student’s work as cheating would decrease the student’s trust in their teacher. Jun’s new program hopes to limit that. 9．What does Jun’s new software focuses on? A．Text length. B．Content logic. C．Word count. D．Writing style. 10．What does the underlined word “erode” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Build. B．Strengthen. C．Damage. D．Improve. 11．What does Jun Jang say about students using AI for assignments? A．It is always harmful. B．It can be improperly used. C．It should be banned. D．It promotes true innovation. 12．What does Jun’s new program aim to do? A．Increase students’ writing speed. B．Generate more essays for students. C．Teach students to use AI properly. D．Help teachers make right judgments. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Jun Jang为解决学生作业中不当使用AI的问题，研发了一款关注写作风格、可辅助教师判断文本是否为AI生成的新软件。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But most programs share one crucial weakness, says Jun Jang: no sense of style. His new software hopes to fill that gap.(Jun Jang说，大多数程序都有一个关键的弱点：没有风格感。他的新软件希望填补这一空白)”和第二段中“Jun’s program takes note of a writer’s stylistic characteristics.(Jun的程序会记录作者的风格特征)”可知，Jun的新软件重点关注的是写作风格，而非文本长度、内容逻辑或词数。故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“But relying too much on these tools can erode someone’s creativity. It can also harm their ability to work out problems themselves, Jun says.(Jun说，但是过度依赖这些工具会erode一个人的创造力。它也会损害他们自己解决问题的能力)”可知，划线词erode与后文“harm(损害)”构成并列关系，二者语义相近。由此可推知“erode”意为“损害、破坏”，与C项“Damage”意思相近。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段中““That’s absolutely no surprise,” Jun says. Some forms of generative AI are powerful, game-changing technologies. “Using AI can be good for education, obviously,” he says, “But a lot of kids don’t use it properly.”(“这完全在意料之中，”Jun表示。某些生成式AI确实是颠覆性的强大技术。“显然，将AI用于教育大有裨益，”他说道，“但许多孩子并未正确使用它。”)”可知，Jun Jang认为学生使用人工智能完成作业存在使用不当的问题。故选B项。 12．细节理解题。根据第六段中“They must decide whether a student wrote an essay, or just asked a machine to write it. Wrongfully flagging some student’s work as cheating would decrease the student’s trust in their teacher.(他们必须判断一篇文章是学生写的，还是只是让机器写的。错误地将学生的作业标记为作弊会降低学生对老师的信任)”和第七段“Jun’s new program hopes to limit that.(Jun的新软件希望能限制这种情况)”可知，Jun的新软件旨在帮助教师做出正确的判断，避免错误标记学生作业为作弊。故选D项。 Passage 4 Fans of the later Star Wars movies might remember BB-8, the robot that has been described as “a living soccer ball”. And if you’ve ever wondered what it might be like to have your own ball-shaped robot friend, Samsung could be about to make your dreams come true. The South Korean company has been presenting its newest version (版本) of a personal home assistant robot named “Ballie”. It is perhaps not quite as cute or quite as round as BB-8, but Samsung says its robot does lots of useful jobs around the house. The company actually introduced an earlier, smaller version of Ballie four years ago, but that one never went on sale. This newest version is about the size of a bowling ball, and can move around a home on its own. It is a little bit like a moving version of a home voice assistant, with a few extra features. It uses artificial intelligence (AI) to learn users habits. That might mean telling us to water the flowers or give some food to the dog, while it also has a projector (投影仪) that can project videos or calls onto the wall or the floor. Ballie is designed to do a bit of everything: use its camera to check on the home or animals while you’re out, automatically (自动地) answer the phone, and turn lights or other things on and off. It can also receive instructions by text message as well as speech, so you can give it jobs to do while you’re away. The company said the robot will be on sale this year, although the exact price has not yet been decided. 13．Why does the author mention BB-8 in the first paragraph? A．To start a discussion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To introduce a movie. D．To praise a Korean company. 14．What is special about the new Ballie over the older version? A．It is smaller in size. B．It can move around by itself. C．It is much cheaper. D．It looks exactly like BB-8. 15．What can Ballie do to help users at home? A．It can feed the pets. B．It can make phone calls. C．It can project videos onto the wall. D．It can clean floors automatically. 16．What is still unknown about Ballie according to the text? A．Its exact price. B．Its appearance. C．Its projection function. D．Its ability to use AI. 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三星公司即将推出的新款家用个人助理机器人Ballie，文章先以《星球大战》中的BB-8引出话题，接着介绍Ballie的外观、功能以及销售信息等。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fans of the later Star Wars movies might remember BB-8, the robot that has been described as “a living soccer ball”. And if you’ve ever wondered what it might be like to have your own ball-shaped robot friend, Samsung could be about to make your dreams come true.(《星球大战》后期电影的粉丝们可能还记得BB-8，那个被形容为“活的足球”的机器人。如果你曾好奇拥有一个球形机器人朋友会是什么样，三星可能即将让你的梦想成真)”可推知，作者提及BB-8是为了引出三星即将推出类似球形机器人Ballie这一话题。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“The company actually introduced an earlier, smaller version of Ballie four years ago, but that one never went on sale. This newest version is about the size of a bowling ball, and can move around a home on its own.(该公司实际上在四年前推出过一个更早、更小的Ballie版本，但那个版本从未上市销售。这个最新版本大约有保龄球那么大，并且可以在房子里自行移动)”可知，新版本的Ballie与旧版本相比，其特别之处在于可以自行移动。故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“That might mean telling us to water the flowers or give some food to the dog, while it also has a projector (投影仪) that can project videos or calls onto the wall or the floor.(这可能意味着它会提醒我们给花浇水或给狗喂食，同时它还配备了一台投影仪，可以将视频或通话投射到墙壁或地板上)”可知，Ballie能帮助用户将视频投影到墙上。故选C项。 16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The company said the robot will be on sale this year, although the exact price has not yet been decided.(该公司表示，这款机器人今年将上市销售，不过具体价格尚未确定)”可知，关于Ballie仍未知的是它的确切价格。故选A项。 话题6 科学家 Passage 1 Huang Xuhua, the “father of China’s nuclear submarines (潜艇)”, passed away at the age of 99 due to illness. Born in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang’s life was like a submarine in the deep sea — silent, but with endless power. In 1958, due to his outstanding political qualities and excellent professional skills, he was secretly called to Beijing. From then, he worked in secrecy for 30years, devoting himself to China’s nuclear submarine program. Together with the first-generation nuclear submarine research team, he focused on research, overcoming difficulties, and pushing forward consistently. Huang’s life was one of outstanding achievements and greatness. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic and in 2020, he received the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang also cared deeply about the long-term development of national science and technology, nuclear submarine work, and the healthy growth of future generations. He donated over 20 million yuan to this field. The development of China’s nuclear submarine technology was a hard journey full of challenges. Huang and his colleagues, through strong determination and tireless efforts, succeeded in building the nation’s first nuclear submarine. Without the development of the submarines, China’s position as a major global power and a strong nation would not have been firmly built in the way it is today, Song Zhongping, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times. What Huang and the pioneering generation of scientists have left to us is a determined spirit. It is this spirit that will drive us to achieve technological breakthroughs and overcome difficulties in the face of frightening challenges, said Song. 1．Why was Huang’s life like a submarine in the deep sea silently? A．Because his job required secrecy. B．Because submarines were silent. C．Because he was a deaf man. D．Because no one knew his life. 2．According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes Huang? A．Brave and kind. B．Fruitful and generous. C．Outstanding and patient. D．Creative and responsible. 3．Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A．Song was one of Huang’s colleagues in building submarines. B．The development of the submarines was important for the nation. C．The development of the nation’s nuclear submarines was smooth. D．Huang and his team created the only nuclear submarine in China. 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．The competition between foreign countries and China in science. B．The great importance of advanced technology in national defense. C．The personal life story of Huang, including his hobbies and interests. D．Huang’s contributions to the development of China’s nuclear submarine. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华99岁病逝，他隐姓埋名30年投身核潜艇事业，获多项国家级荣誉，其精神激励后人攻克技术难关。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“From then, he worked in secrecy for 30years, devoting himself to China’s nuclear submarine program.(从那以后，他秘密工作了30年，全身心投入到中国的核潜艇项目中)”可知，黄的生活像深海中的潜艇那样悄然无声是因为他的工作需要保密。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Huang’s life was one of outstanding achievements and greatness. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic and in 2020, he received the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang also cared deeply about the long-term development of national science and technology, nuclear submarine work, and the healthy growth of future generations. He donated over 20 million yuan to this field.(黄先生的一生充满了非凡的成就与伟大的事迹。2019年，他荣获共和国勋章；2020年，他又因2019年的杰出贡献而获得了国家最高科学技术奖。黄先生还非常关注国家科技的长远发展、核潜艇工作以及下一代的健康成长。他向该领域捐赠了超过2000万元)”可知，黄先生有成果且慷慨大方。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Without the development of the submarines, China’s position as a major global power and a strong nation would not have been firmly built in the way it is today, Song Zhongping, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times.(如果没有核潜艇的研发，中国作为全球重要大国和强大国家的地位就不会像如今这般稳固，中国军事专家宋忠平对《环球时报》说道)”可知，潜艇的研发对国家而言非常重要。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“What Huang and the pioneering generation of scientists have left to us is a determined spirit. It is this spirit that will drive us to achieve technological breakthroughs and overcome difficulties in the face of frightening challenges, said Song.(宋教授表示：“黄老师以及那批开创性的科学家们留给我们的，是一种坚定的精神。正是这种精神将激励我们实现技术突破，并在面对严峻挑战时克服重重困难。”)”以及文章主要说明了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华99岁病逝，他隐姓埋名30年投身核潜艇事业，获多项国家级荣誉，其精神激励后人攻克技术难关。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是黄旭华对中国核潜艇发展的贡献。故选D。 Passage 2 oan Feynman, born in 1927 in Queens, New York, was the younger sister of the famous physicist Richard Feynman. Growing up, Richard played a key role in developing Joan’s curiosity and scientific interest, teaching her high-level mathematics and science. At the age of five, she was already helping him in his experiments. For her fourteenth birthday, Richard gave Joan a gift, a college-level physics textbook, Astronomy by Rebecca Horace Baker. This book not only deepened her understanding of physics but also showed her the possibilities for women in the field of science. Inspired by this, Joan went after a rigorous academic (学术) path, which means she chose to study in a way that requires a lot of hard work, self-control, and responsibility. Later, she successfully earned a bachelor’s degree from Oberlin College and later a PhD in 1958. Despite her academic success, Joan took a stop from physics in 1960 to focus on her family, marrying and raising two children. However, this period was ended by a sense of depression, leading her to seek jobs in 1962. Following an expert’s advice, she got three job offers and chose to work part-time at Lamont, where she began her research into Earth’s magnetosphere (磁层), making important contributions to its understanding. It was her determination to explore science that helped Joan gain her mental health again. Joan’s career was marked by many scientific breakthroughs, particularly in the study of solar wind and its interaction with Earth’s magnetosphere. As author or co-author of more than 185 papers, Joan’s research achievements range from discovering the shape of the Earth’s magnetosphere to confirming the origin of auroras (极光). In 1974, she made history as the first woman to be an officer of the American Geophysical Union, and in 2000, she was honored with NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal. “Joan Feynman leaves a wealth of scientific achievements,” said American Physical Society (APS) CEO Kate Kirby. “Despite being prevented to explore science by social expectations, she stuck to it, and her achievements serve as an inspiration to women who wish to go after a career in science.” 5．How did Richard influence Joan? A．By preparing her for subjects in college. B．By introducing her to the world of science. C．By teaching her the importance of experiments. D．By offering her a job serving as his lab helper. 6．What does the underlined word “rigorous” mean in paragraph 2? A．Strict. B．Dynamic. C．Intelligent. D．Trivial. 7．What message can be inferred from the passage? A．Joan Feynman was a key member of APS. B．Richard designed Joan’s career path as a physicist. C．In Joan’s time women were encouraged to become scientists. D．Working for scientific goals contributed to Joan’s mental health. 8．In which part of a newspaper can we probably find the passage? A．Literature Education. B．Culture Appreciation. C．Internet Technology. D．Celebrity Biography. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。琼•费曼是一位杰出的女性科学家。尽管社会期望阻碍了她从事科学研究，但她坚持了下来，她的成就激励了那些希望从事科学事业的女性。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For her fourteenth birthday, Richard gave Joan a gift, a college-level physics textbook, Astronomy by Rebecca Horace Baker. This book not only deepened her understanding of physics but also showed her the possibilities for women in the field of science. (琼14岁生日时，理查德送给她一份礼物，一本大学物理课本，丽贝卡·霍勒斯·贝克的《天文学》。这本书不仅加深了她对物理学的理解，而且向她展示了女性在科学领域的可能性)”可知，理查德通过向琼介绍科学世界而影响她的。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“Inspired by this, Joan went after a rigorous academic (学术) path, which means she chose to study in a way that requires a lot of hard work, self-control, and responsibility. (受此启发，琼走上了一条rigorous的学术道路，这意味着她选择了一种需要大量努力、自律和责任的学习方式)”可知，琼选择了一种需要大量努力、自律和责任的学习方式。由此推知，划线词rigorous意为“严格的”。A. Strict严格的；B. Dynamic动态的；C. Intelligent聪明的；D. Trivial琐碎的。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, this period was ended by a sense of depression, leading her to seek jobs in 1962. Following an expert’s advice, she got three job offers and chose to work part-time at Lamont, where she began her research into Earth’s magnetosphere (磁层), making important contributions to its understanding. It was her determination to explore science that helped Joan gain her mental health again. (然而，这一时期以一种抑郁感而结束，导致她在1962年寻找工作。在一位专家的建议下，她得到了三份工作机会，并选择在拉蒙特兼职工作，在那里她开始了对地球磁层的研究，为理解磁层做出了重要贡献。正是她探索科学的决心帮助琼重新获得了心理健康)”可知，为科学目标而工作有助于琼的心理健康。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Joan Feynman, born in 1927 in Queens, New York, was the younger sister of the famous physicist Richard Feynman. (琼·费曼1927年出生于纽约皇后区，是著名物理学家理查德·费曼的妹妹)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了琼·费曼的生平事迹、她在科学领域的贡献以及她对女性科学家的激励作用。由此可推知，我们可以在报纸的名人传记部分找到这篇文章。故选D。 Passage 3 Ask most folks who came up with the theory of evolution (进化), and they’ll tell you it was Charles Darwin. In fact, Alfred Russel Wallace, another British naturalist, was a co­-discoverer of the theory — though Darwin has gotten most of the credit. Actually, Wallace outlived Darwin by 17 years, long enough to see evolutionary theory gain acceptance. Wallace developed his most important ideas about natural selection during an eight-­year expedition (探险) to what was then the Dutch East Indies — modern­-day Indonesia — to observe wildlife and collect specimens (标本). Few places on earth can match this region’s tremendous diversity of plant and animal life. Wallace collected more than 100,000 insect, bird and animal specimens, which he gave to British museums. By 1855, Wallace had come to the conclusion that living things evolve. But he didn’t figure out how until one night three years later. He was on the island of Halmahera, ill with a fever, when it came to him: Animals evolve by adapting to their environment. As soon as he could, Wallace wrote his theory down in a nine-­page paper, says Tony Whitten, a Wallace expert. “He sent that to Darwin, as an older mentor (导师), if you like, to have a peer review before publication” Whitten says. Darwin had reached the same conclusion years earlier, and Wallace’s letter inspired him to act. The two men published a joint paper in 1858, arguing the theory of evolution and natural selection. It shook mankind’s assumptions about its origins. The following year, Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species and rose to fame. Over time, however, Wallace faded from the public memory. 9．How did Wallace develop his ideas about natural selection? A．By travelling around the world. B．By studying specimens in the museums. C．By researching wild animals and plants. D．By debating with other scientists. 10．Why did Wallace send his paper to Darwin? A．To claim authorship of the study. B．To ask for financial support. C．To challenge Darwin’s opinion. D．To seek feedback before publication. 11．What happened after the joint paper was published? A．People began to doubt their origin. B．The two scientists became well­known. C．Darwin arrived at the same conclusion. D．They immediately co­authored another book. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．The Untold Story of Charles Darwin. B．The Other Man Behind Evolutionary Theory. C．The Development of the Theory of Evolution. D．The Expedition That Changed the World. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士是如何发展他的自然选择理论的，以及他和达尔文共同发表了进化论和自然选择理论。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Wallace developed his most important ideas about natural selection during an eight­-year expedition (探险) to what was then the Dutch East Indies — modern­-day Indonesia — to observe wildlife and collect specimens (标本).(华莱士在为期八年的探险中发展了他关于自然选择的最重要的思想，当时他去了荷兰东印度群岛，也就是现在的印度尼西亚，观察野生动物并收集标本。)”可知，华莱士是通过研究野生动植物发展了他的自然选择理论的。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“He sent that to Darwin, as an older mentor (导师), if you like, to have a peer review before publication(他将这篇论文寄给了达尔文——可以说视其为前辈导师——希望在发表前获得同行评议。)”可知，华莱士是希望在论文出版前得到达尔文的反馈。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The two men published a joint paper in 1858, arguing the theory of evolution and natural selection. It shook mankind’s assumptions about its origins.(1858年，两人发表了一篇联合论文，论述了进化论和自然选择理论。它动摇了人类对其起源的假设。)”可知，联合论文发表后，人们开始怀疑自己的起源。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ask most folks who came up with the theory of evolution (进化), and they’ll tell you it was Charles Darwin. In fact, Alfred Russel Wallace, another British naturalist, was a co-­discoverer of the theory — though Darwin has gotten most of the credit. Actually, Wallace outlived Darwin by 17 years, long enough to see evolutionary theory gain acceptance.(问大多数人是谁提出了进化论，他们会告诉你是查尔斯·达尔文。事实上，另一位英国博物学家阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士也是这一理论的共同发现者——尽管达尔文得到了大部分赞誉。事实上，华莱士比达尔文多活了17年，他活得足够长，看到了进化论被接受。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士是如何发展他的自然选择理论的，以及他和达尔文共同发表了进化论和自然选择理论。全文围绕华莱士在进化论中的关键角色展开，强调他是被忽视的“另一位贡献者”。由此可知，B选项“进化论背后的另一个人”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4 The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm (算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began. The Nobel Prize in Physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep learning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations (模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 13．For what were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in Physics? A．They invented artificial neural networks. B．They discovered biological $考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 动物 话题4 自然灾害与防范 话题2 环境保护 话题5 人工智能 话题3 信息技术 话题6 科学家 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 动物 Passage 1 Penguins are some of the world’s most familiar and beloved birds, but southern rockhoppers are the tough guys of the penguin world. Their fondness for colonies (聚居地) high over thousands of feet separates them from the other penguin species that prefer soft, level ground in the Falklands. One evening, I struggled to keep up with some scientists as they march through thick grass in the Falklands. They are looking for rockhoppers that have pencil-case-size black boxes taped to their backs and collecting those boxes, which contain GPS data loggers (记录仪). Some also track diving and heart-rate information. Later, in the scientists’ field station, we gather around a computer screen, analyzing the collected data, which will give us a critical read on ocean conditions, revealed by the birds’ responses. With a lifespan of 10 to 15 years, the species can withstand the occasional disaster and rebuild their population over time. But as colonies damaged by human activities struggle to recover, a string of disasters has knocked them down. Despite their bravery, rockhoppers are highly sensitive. Research by these scientists shows that even a small increase in sea temperature can affect the birds’ food supply and lower chick and adult survival. Besides, changing weather is causing unseasonably intense storms, killing chicks who haven’t yet grown their thick, waterproof feathers. However, moving to cooler water isn’t an option. The constant winds there would push the little penguins into the icy coasts of Antarctica, and there’s no land where they could build new colonies. These scientists are trying to re-establish the native grass. “It may be impossible to stop the changes sweeping their ocean habitats,” Quillfeldt, a seabird ecologist says. “But to help them on land, at the breeding (繁殖) sites, is something we can actually do.” Thinking of the young rockhopper leaping over a fearful gap, I ask the scientists: Can rockhoppers’ courage be an advantage for their survival? Quillfeldt feels it may. Curiosity and bravery can encourage seabirds to find ways to adapt. Don’t forget they’ve got attitude. 1.What is the function of the black boxes on the rockhoppers’ backs? A. To locate GPS data loggers. B. To distinguish birds’ responses. C. To analyze the survival rate. D. To record data about ocean conditions. 2. What may bring a challenge to rockhoppers’ population? A. Their lengthy lifespan. B. Their fondness for high rocks. C. Their thick waterproof feathers. D. Their sensitivity to the climate change. 3. What could be a practical way to help rockhoppers according to paragraph 4? A. Establish new colonies. B. Improve the breeding sites. C. Stop the environmental changes. D. Move to the coasts of Antarctica. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward rockhoppers’ future? A. Hopeful. B. Reserved. C. Dismissive. D. Doubtful. Passage 2 As evening falls over the Summer Palace, the sky fills with sharp calls and fast-moving shapes of Beijing Swifts (北京雨燕). These birds have been part of the city’s spirit for centuries, for their return means summer is here. But this familiar sight has begun to fade, with their numbers dropping sharply. Into this story stepped Terry Townshend, a British naturalist who had made Beijing his home. He discovered that the city lies along a major flyway for migratory birds. For Terry, the swift, a bird that only touches down to nest, became a window into this hidden side of the capital. The biggest question remained: Where did these birds, born beneath Beijing’s roofs, go for half the year? In 2014, Terry led an international team. Working with researchers from China, Sweden, and the UK, they began at the Summer Palace. They gently caught 31 swifts and placed geolocators on them. It was an act of trust: setting them free, hoping they would return. One year later, that trust paid off. The returning birds revealed an astonishing journey: 30,000 kilometers from Beijing, over Central Asian deserts, across Arabia, and down Africa’s coast to wintering grounds in Namibia and South Africa. The discovery was more than a scientific breakthrough; it was a story. By mapping their flight path, Terry helped people see these birds no longer as unknown dots in the sky, but as living beings whose lives span (横跨) continents. Modern science finally unlocked the secrets of the Beijing swift’s extreme airborne lifestyle and transcontinental migration — mysteries that had eluded observers for centuries. With the migration route known, targeted conservation could begin. Terry’s map did what words alone could not. It turned unseen miles into a journey the world could finally see. That story starts by just watching the sky, waiting for a swift to bring its secrets home. 5. What has made Beijing Swifts part of the city’s spirit for centuries? A.Their mysterious winter disappearance. B. Their sharp calls and fast-moving shapes. C. Their arrival marking the start of summer. D. Their habit of nesting only on ancient roofs. 6. What did Terry and his team do at the Summer Palace in 2014? A. They mapped the flight path of the swifts. B. They studied swifts’ habitats and behavior. C. They observed swifts returning to Beijing in spring. D. They fitted swifts with devices to track their travel. 7. What does the underlined word “eluded” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Puzzled. B. Touched. C. Motivated. D. Interrupted. 8. What can be learned from Terry Townshend’s work? A. Nature will have its course. B. The early bird catches the worm. C. Rome was not built in a day. D. A picture is worth a thousand words. Passage 3 For the first time, scientists have recorded brain activity in a wild sea animal, disclosing the sleep habits of elephant seals (象海豹) during the months they spend at sea. The new findings, published on April 20 in Science, show that while elephant seals may spend 10 hours a day sleeping on the beach during the reproductive season, they average just 2 hours of sleep per day when they are at sea on months-long food-searching trips. They sleep for about 10 minutes at a time during deep, 30-minute dives (潜水), often moving downwards while fast asleep, and sometimes lying still on the seafloor. Elephant seals are most easily hunted by predators (捕食者) such as sharks and killer whales when they are at the surface in the open ocean, so they only spend a minute or two breathing at the surface in between dives. “They’re able to hold their breath for a long time, so they can go into a sound sleep on these dives deep below the surface where it’s safe,” said Kendall-Bar, the first author of the study. Kendall-Bar developed a system (EEG) that can record brain activity in wild elephant seals during their normal diving behavior at sea. In addition to the system, the seals carried time-depth recorders, accelerometers, and other instruments that allowed the researchers to track the seals’ movements along with the corresponding brain activity. With data on brain activity and diving behavior from 13 non-adult female elephant seals, including a total of 104 sleep dives, Kendall-Bar developed a computer program for identifying periods of sleep based on the dive data alone. Williams called Kendall-Bar’s work on the project an excellent achievement. “It’s an amazing feat to pull this off,” she said. “Kendall-Bar used the dive data to create data-driven animations so we can really imagine what the animal is doing as it dives.” 9．What can we learn of elephant seals during the food-searching season? A．They spend 2 hours daily on sleeping. B．They sleep 30 minutes during each dive. C．They spend 10 minutes daily on diving. D．They sleep 10 hours daily on the beach. 10．Why do elephant seals spend little time at the sea surface? A．To look for more food. B．To avoid being attacked. C．To keep their brain active. D．To get more sound sleeps. 11．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The process of the study. B．The purpose of the study. C．The function of the EEG system. D．The importance of the EEG system. 12．What’s Williams’s attitude towards Kendall-Bar’s research? A．Curious. B．Worried. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. Passage 4 Male green hermit hummingbirds (隐士蜂鸟) have bills evolved for fighting, research finds. Let’s get one thing out of the way: All hummingbirds fight. Most species fight for food, using their tiny bodies and sharp bills to force competitors away from flowers. But the green hermit hummingbird, which lives primarily in mountain forests of Central and South America, fights to win a mate. Hummingbirds’ weapon of choice? Their own bills. The birds raise a long, needle-thin bill into the air before driving it into their opponent. The risks are high: They also use their bills to eat. Losing a fight means a hummingbird might not find a mate. Breaking a bill could mean they starve. New research found that these fights have shaped the species’ evolution, yielding significant differences in bill shape for male and female hermits. Compared to their female counterparts, the males’ bills are straighter, sharper, and structurally stronger. The straighter bills work better as weapons, while female birds’ more curved bills provide improved access to the inside of some flowers. Through curvature and angle analyses, researchers found that male bills are 3% straighter and 69% sharper, respectively, with a knife-like tip not found on female bills. But the differences, researchers found, extend beyond bill shape. CT scans revealed that the male bill’s internal structure provided additional strength by transmitting forces more efficiently. Finally, researchers observed that the male’s straighter bill expends 52. 4% less energy due to deformation, and is more resistant to breaking. The male bill experienced on average 39% less stress than the female bill. They also found that male bills’ straighter shape can accommodate a wider variety of attack angles, requiring less precision while fighting. 13．Why do male green hermit hummingbirds fight? A．To get enough food. B．To gain a partner. C．To keep wildness. D．To protect nests. 14．What can we infer about hummingbirds from paragraph 3? A．Bills affect survival. B．Males fight less often. C．They risk starving. D．Being defeated means death. 15．What is the researchers’ view on the different bills? A．They are accidental and normal. B．They make males good at feeding. C．They reflect adaptive evolution. D．They are mainly for showing off. 16．Which can be the best title for the text? A．How Hummingbirds Fight for Food B．Bill Evolution in Hermit Hummingbirds C．Why Male Hummingbirds Have Longer Bills D．The Feeding Habits of Hermit Hummingbirds 话题2 环境保护 Passage 1 In the crystal-clear waters near Talamone, Italy, an extraordinary sight awaits beneath the Mediterranean Sea’s surface. Mermaids, towering giants and enormous sculptural eyes gaze upward from the ocean floor, creating an otherworldly underwater gallery that serves a crucial environmental purpose. This unique initiative represents one innovative fisherman’s determined effort to protect vital fishing grounds from the disastrous impact of commercial fishing nets that threaten marine ecosystems. The underwater sculpture garden operates on a simple yet effective principle that strategically placed artistic installations (安装工程) work alongside concrete blocks to physically obstruct and break the fishing nets that destroy marine life. These massive fishing nets, dragged across the seafloor by commercial vessels, destroy delicate underwater habitats and deplete fish populations that local fishing communities depend upon for their livelihood. The project has evolved beyond its initial conservation goals to become a cooperative effort involving local educational institutions and young artists. Students from a high school in nearby Grosseto have actively participated in the initiative, creating specialized sculptural works designed to serve two purposes. These student-crafted pieces not only contribute to the anti-fishing barrier system but also provide alternative habitats for marine creatures. By offering the marine species a safe shelter within the sculptural installations, the project helps reduce their vulnerability to illegal fishing practices while supporting natural population recovery. The fisherman behind the initiative recognized that traditional regulatory approaches alone were not enough to fulfill the environmental commitment. And the sculptures themselves have captured international attention while serving practical conservation purposes. Each piece sunk to the Mediterranean floor contributes to a growing underwater museum that tells the story of local efforts to preserve marine biodiversity. As the sculpture garden continues to expand, it serves as an inspiring example of how art and environmental protection can work together to create lasting positive change in marine ecosystems. 1．What is the purpose of the underwater sculptures? A．To protect underwater ecosystems. B．To promote local fishing industry. C．To raise environmental awareness. D．To create an attractive artistic gallery. 2．What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Carefully manage. B．Gradually relocate. C．Significantly reduce. D．Successfully protect. 3．What can we learn about the project in paragraph 3? A．The project calls for more support from students and artists. B．The project has expanded into a community-based initiative. C．The sculptures have managed to stop practices of illegal fishing. D．The sculptures show superior artistic skills of the young participants. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Art in the depths: A New Fashion in Italy B．Sculpting a Shield: Art Meets Conservation C．From Gallery to Fishery: The Power of Students D．Guarding the Deep: Traditional Ways of Protection Passage 2 Now, a study proves that gardens are more than just a pretty place. The study, by researchers at Illinois States University, proves that such gardens can have a measurable, positive impact on water quality. Floating gardens are naturally platforms built on a frame (框架) of plastic caging, wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water, growing. On Chicago’s North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and partners are developing a mile-long, floating eco-park. Called the Wild Mile, the re-development of this former industrial canal is Urban River’s important project. As part of the park, floating gardens, attached to shore, are being fixed. The primary purpose of the floating gardens is beautification. But the Illinois State team, from the University’s Department of Geology, Geography, and the Environment, saw an ideal setup for a controlled experiment. “We joined it because it’s the perfect opportunity to see if there’s an influence on water quality,” explains lead author Abigail Heath. The study is novel: Previous studies have explored floating gardens’ influence on water quality over time, primarily in wastewater treatment ponds, but not over space, in moving water. The project also matches well with Urban Rivers’ broader goals. “The city is interested in bettering water quality,” says Phil Nicodemus, Urban Rivers Director of Research. “Happily, Illinois State got in it.” Could this small human-made park improve water quality? An average of data collected over the course of the study show middle but definitive improvement. For example, nitrogen (氮) dropped from 4.69 milligrams per liter in surface water to 4.43 milligrams per liter, a drop of about 1 percent. “Despite how small this garden was there was measurable improvement in water quality from upstream to downstream,” notes Heath. She and colleagues see this as a model for how larger floating gardens might help improve water in similar settings. “Even this tiny garden makes a difference,” she says. 5．What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A．The floating gardens are environmentally friendly. B．No one can benefit from the project. C．The floating gardens can help fix the former parks. D．The Urban Rivers was once an industrial canal. 6．What is the main reason to build the floating gardens? A．To reduce the waste water. B．To attract more visitors to the park. C．To make the surroundings brilliant. D．To help researchers do the experiment. 7．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph4? A．Building the floating gardens. B．Bettering water quality. C．Measuring the waste water. D．Re-developing the former canal. 8．Which might be the best title for the text? A．Floating Gardens: More than Pretty. B．The Best Way to Better Water Quality. C．A Practical Method of Improving Parks. D．Floating Gardens’ Influence on Water Quality. Passage 3 As the old saying goes, we can’t manage what we can’t measure. And this rings especially true when it comes to conservation. Trying to measure biodiversity is a critical part of WWF’s conservation work. Camera traps are one of the primary tools we use to collect data on biodiversity. We are all familiar with the powerful images of wildlife that camera traps can shoot. But what you may not realize is that behind every one of those beautiful photos, we also collect thousands of photos without any animals at all. So WWF joined forces with other conservation organizations and Google to develop a better way to manage camera trap data called Wildlife Insights. Wildlife Insights is an online platform that uses artificial intelligence to automatically filter out all those annoying blank images, find the ones that contain wildlife, and identify which species is in a photo, even if it’s just the end of a tail or the tip of a nose! Wildlife Insights is currently able to identify 1,300 different species. With the help of tools like Wildlife Insights, information is now getting into the hands of decision-makers more quickly, which is critical for species like the endangered greater glider (大袋鼯). A third of their habitat burned in the disastrous bush fires that swept through Australia in 2020, including their tree hollows, which can take up to 250 years to form. As an emergency measure, WWF-Australia and partners quickly set up artificial nest boxes and monitored them using cameras, unsure whether the gliders would move into their new modern homes. But after analyzing the photos in Wildlife Insights, we were amazed to find that gliders were using every single one of the nest boxes we set up, which meant that we could quickly and confidently expand this effort to a larger area. With the ever-mounting challenges facing biodiversity, it’s essential that we continue innovating through technology and partnerships like Wildlife Insights. Rapid access to actionable data means that we can make faster, more effective conservation decisions. 1．Why is measuring biodiversity critical for conservation efforts? A．It helps to identify endangered species quickly. B．It raises public awareness about biodiversity loss. C．It allows for the tracking of wildlife changing patterns. D．It provides data for making informed conservation decisions. 2．What is the problem with camera traps? A．They are difficult to fix. B．They fail to shoot clear images. C．They have limited storage. D．They generate much useless data. 3．What does the underlined phrase “filter out” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Edit. B．Compare. C．Remove. D．Show. 4．What does the case of the greater glider illustrate? A．The impact of case analysis. B．The value of Wildlife Insights. C．The advantage of artificial nest boxes. D．The necessity of habitat protection. Passage 4 Fashion operates on desire. How we dress feeds off desires to be different as well as part of a group; to be in fashion but ahead of the pack. The message from the high street is that such wishes can be fulfilled, and fast fashion plays on the idea. But to overcome such urges we need to reflect on the fragility (脆弱) of our planet. The fashion industry has for too long promoted overconsumption as a good thing. About a fifth of mass-produced clothing does not even sell and ends up being buried, cut or burned. Clothing now accounts for 8% of global greenhouse gas emission. Man-made fibres are being found in Arctic sea ice and in fish. Britain has too readily embraced throwaway society. Shoppers in the UK buy more clothes per person than any other country in Europe. Some even suggest rewarding via taxation companies that design products with lower climate footprints and punishing those that do not. Messages from public figures, such as the environmentalist Greta Thunberg, about not buying clothes has helped to persuade people to turn their backs on fast fashion. New research shows that more Britons are opting to purchase expensive but longer-lasting clothes rather than cheaper throwaway items. The market is consequently responding to the mood. Big brands such as H&M and Zara have made new commitments to sustainability. John Lewis has this week introduced labelling (贴标签) to encourage a culture of handing down children’s clothes. Nudie Jeans has become a success, with organic products and stores that promote repair services and resale. At no other time in human history has fashion been so accessible to so many people. Technology will help to make fashion greener. Better regulation of supply chains will help too. There is a noticeable shift from throwing away clothes to repairing, reusing or even renting them. However, it is hard to see how this will be enough to make fashion truly sustainable if the industry still produces more and more clothes. Once normal service returns, we need to think again about the wisdom of promoting competitive consumption, which supports the continuing demand for expansion, in our society. 13．What do the underlined words “the idea” refer to? A．Fashion operates on desire. B．We need to care for our planet. C．The desire can be satisfied. D．People’s desire is endless. 14．Why are H&M and Zara mentioned in the passage? A．To make a contrast. B．To make an explanation. C．To give examples. D．To introduce a new subject. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards the sustainable development of fashion industry? A．Doubtful. B．Ambiguous. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 16．What is the best title of the passage? A．Fashion and Environment B．Fast Fashion Can’t Cost the Earth C．Fast Fashion or Long-lasting Fashion D．Sustainable Development in Fashion Industry 话题3 信息技术 Passage 1 What shape the school of the future will take is uncertain, but most educators and observers agree that the future school will go electronic. In the future, schools as we know will no longer exist. In their place will be community-style centers operating seven days a week, 24 hours a day. Computers will become an essential part for an effective school of the future. Students will see and hear teachers on computers. Accessing “classrooms” on their home computers, students will learn when it’s most convenient for them. Yet some attendance at an actual school will be required to help students develop appropriate social skills. One of American public schools, A．C．T. Academy in McKinney, Texas, was created as an actual “school of the future”. Originally funded by a $5.5 million grant from the USA Department of Education, the school is now supported by the McKinney Independent School District. At the school, knowledge is “actively constructed by the learner on a base of prior knowledge, attitudes, and values”. Sophisticated technology is in place to support the pursuit of knowledge. The 250 Academy students all have access to a computer. The 12-to 18-year-olds each have their own computer; 7-to 11-year-olds have one portable computer for every two students; and 5-and 6-year-olds use computers at fixed stations. In addition, the students use multimedia computers, printers, CD-ROMs, VCRs, video editing machines, camcorders, cable television, online services, and telephones — simple but effective research tools. Whatever the shape of a school of the future might be, technology is always a huge part of it. The school days when computers mean processing words or playing games will be behind us. 1．What will play an important role in the school of the future? A．Computers. B．Environment. C．Teachers. D．Skills. 2．What can be inferred from the text? A．There will be no longer schools in the future. B．Many students are playing games on computers now. C．Students will only stay at home to study in the future. D．Many educators are sure of the function of the future schools. 3．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” mean in paragraph 4? A．Simple. B．Complex. C．Advanced. D．Specialized. 4．Which of the following about A．C．T. Academy is TRUE? A．High technology is made full use of in it. B．It is the only actual public school in the future. C．All students in it have a computer of their own. D．It was funded by the McKinney Independent School District. Passage 2 How can classic literary works stay lively in the digital age? A 17-year-old high school student from Chengdu, Sichuan, named Wu Yaduo, has found a wonderful way to answer this question. Using her iPad and creative drawing skills, Wu turns stories from famous classics into hand-drawn animated (动画的) videos. These works include well-known books like A Dream of Red Mansions, Water Margin and The Peony Pavilion, as well as life stories of famous poets such as Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty. Her videos have won tens of thousands of followers online and got millions of views. Wu thinks these classics are timeless because they talk about human emotions and social themes that never go out of date. However, she notices many students are not interested in these works just because they have to learn them for school. So Wu wants to bridge the gap between classics and modern life, making them more relatable and interesting for young people. Therefore, she usually chooses texts from her high school Chinese textbooks as the starting point. In her creations, Wu combines text and sound cleverly. For example, one of her works about A Dream of Red Mansions was inspired by a sad song from an indie band (独立乐队). She drew the flourishing Daguanyuan, or the Grand View Garden, and the sad scene of the family’s downfall at the same time to create a strong emotional impact. Unlike traditional story-telling, her videos are full of bright colors and striking visual effects, as she loves experimental movies and artworks. Though Wu has received much support, she feels sorry that she can’t perfectly turn the images in her mind into drawings. But she still looks forward to creating more works to bring classics closer to daily life. 5．What do we know about Wu Yaduo’s animated videos of classic works? A．She pays more attention to sound than visuals. B．She takes band songs as main creative materials. C．She combines traditional tools with electronic devices. D．She uses digital tools and drawing skills to show classics. 6．Why does Wu use materials from textbooks in her works? A．To choose the easiest content to animate. B．To make students interested in the classics. C．To show the importance of classics at school. D．To explain the classic texts in a simpler way. 7．Which of the following best describes Wu Yaduo’s animated videos? A．Creative and vivid. B．Plain and thoughtful. C．Serious and traditional. D．Popular and demanding. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A student gains popularity online by creating digital content. B．Classic literature is becoming less interesting to modern students. C．A student creates animations to make classics connect the youth. D．Digital technology offers a new way to link traditional culture. Passage 3 The rise of digital technology has completely transformed the way students live their lives. From the way they socialise to the way they learn, digital technology has become a necessary part of campus life. Then how has digital technology transformed students’ campus life? On the one hand, the use of social media has made it easier for students to keep in touch with their peers off campus. Some social platforms have become popular among students, allowing them to share their daily lives, engage in online conversations, and form virtual communities. Meanwhile, digital technology has also changed the way students communicate with their instructors. With email and online chat platforms, students can easily contact their teachers for clarification on assignments, grades, and course content. This has improved communication between students and faculty, leading to a better learning experience. On the other hand, digital technology has also revolutionized the way students learn. With online courses and virtual classrooms, students can access a variety of courses from the comfort of their own homes. This has opened up opportunities for students to pursue their passions and interests outside of their majors. Actually, it has made it easier to promote and participate in multiple campus events. Students can easily create online campaigns to promote events, organise events using online calendars, and even stream events live over the Internet. This has made it possible for more students to get involved and participate in various campus events. Another benefit which is often ignored is its positive impact on their mental health. With online resources, such as anxiety apps and depression support groups, students can deal with stress and anxiety. They can seek help when in need, as online counselling services are available 24/7. Digital technology has transformed campus life in numerous ways. While digital technology has brought many benefits, it has also raised concerns about its negative impact on student life. 9．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A．Types of campus life. B．Changes in social life. C．Learning ways of students. D．Popularity of digital technology. 10．What can students do when they use social media according to paragraph 2? A．Build different social media platforms. B．Contact classmates in class. C．Interact with teachers online. D．Form common communities. 11．Why can digital technology promote campus events? A．It stresses the importance of campus events. B．It improves ways students organise events. C．It lights the passions and confidence of students. D．It encourages more contact with school teachers. 12．What will be possibly discussed in the paragraph that follows? A．The potential risks of digital technology. B．The reasons for the development of digital tools. C．How campuses promote diverse digital practices. D．How we can avoid being addicted to digital technology. Passage 4 A recent report from a United Nations group warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. Instead, technology should be used to support learning. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost,” the report says. Technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really influences students. The new report says that many of the studies showing that technology helps students come from rich countries and that some of the studies supporting technology come from companies that sell technology to schools. As classes moved online, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s a larger problem. People and countries with less money are often left out. It is true that technology can help in many ways, like allowing students to learn in more interesting ways, helping teachers explain difficult ideas and helping students with special needs. But it can also be very distracting (分散注意力的). When students use phones in class, it can disturb their learning. One study that was carried out in 14 countries showed that even just having a smartphone nearby can be distracting. Even so, only less than 25% of the world’s countries don’t allow students to use phones in schools. The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers. Working with other classmates also helps students learn. Most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers. 13．Why does a United Nations group deliver the report? A．To stress the importance of digital technology. B．To improve how technology is used in education. C．To encourage more schools to use technology in class. D．To pay more attention to the development of technology. 14．What is a relatively bigger problem for online class? A．Students themselves cannot fully focus their attention. B．The Internet speed is much slower in many homes. C．Schools have to spend extra money on the Internet. D．The advantages of online technology fail to be shared fairly. 15．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A．A recent UN report says that technology should not be used in classrooms. B．One study showed over a quarter of the world’s countries mustn’t use phones in schools. C．The UN report says that the best way to learn is working with teachers. D．Technology can have influence both in good and bad ways. 16．What is the best title of the text? A．A UN Group calls for Limit on Technology in Schools B．Countries Work Together to Improve Education C．Technology Plays an Important Role in Our Life D．Smartphones Help Students a Lot in Online Learning 话题4 自然灾害与防范 Passage 1 Wildfires are not always harmful to forests. In many ecosystems, fire helps remove accumulated debris (堆积的枯落物), returns nutrients to the soil, and supports healthy regeneration. For more than 100 years, the United States has invested billions of dollars in suppressing (压制) wildfires to protect communities, infrastructure, and sensitive landscapes. While this approach has reduced immediate risks, it has also limited the natural fires that forests depend on, increasing the likelihood of larger and more intense fires in the future. New research shows that nearly 38 million hectares of land in the western United States have burned less often than they historically should have. Researchers describe this widespread shortfall as a “fire deficit”. “Conditions are getting so warm and dry that it’s causing huge amounts of fire compared to the historical record,” said Winslow Hansen, director of the Western Fire and Forest Resilience Collaborative and scientist at Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. “However, we are still observing the tradition of 150 years of fire suppression. Together, drying conditions and overly dense fuels indicate a more challenging and fiery future.” To identify where fire has been missing, researchers relied on geospatial evidence including soil samples. The data helped establish historical fire return periods, which were then constructed using the Landfire program to compare past fire activity with modern patterns. The researchers found that 74% of the western United States is now in a “fire deficit”. Closing that gap will require roughly 3.8 million hectares of forest to burn each year for the next decade. Although the scale of needed burning is daunting, Hansen and his co-workers say it can be addressed using a mix of approaches. These include mechanical thinning to remove excess vegetation and leaving some wildfires burning under controlled conditions. “There are still lots of wildfires that burn today... that are reducing our fuel loads and revitalizing ecosystems,” said Hansen. “Instead of suppressing those fires and putting them out, we’ve got to let them do good ecological work to help us tackle this challenge when risk is low.” 1．What can constantly suppressing wildfires lead to according to paragraph 1? A．Increased immediate risks. B．Healthier soil regeneration. C．Naturally stable ecosystems. D．More dangerous future fires. 2．What does the new research find about the western United States? A．Conditions are getting less warm. B．Fire suppression brings many benefits. C．Over half of its land is in need of wildfires. D．A century-old tradition is left behind. 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 5? A．Unpredictable. B．Alarming. C．Artificial. D．Inappropriate. 4．What is Hansen’s advice for addressing low-risk wildfires? A．Take preventive measures. B．Call for joint efforts. C．Prioritize suppressing them. D．Let nature take its course. Passage 2 Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system (地震预警系统哪), which can detect (探测) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquakes sensors to detect quakes and issue warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which make up 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system. “Although AEA is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes,” says Allen, the leader of the study. Working on the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, AEA system will send two types of warnings to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” warnings to users. These warnings are designed to draw users’ attention immediately and remind them to take protective actions. It also delivers “Be Aware” warnings to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these warnings were, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did experience shaking, with 36% receiving the warning before the ground began to move, 28% during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focused on improving the AEA system. “We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective warnings,” says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example, could help the emergency rescue after an earthquake. 5．What is AEA’s advantage over the traditional way? A．It has smarter sensors. B．It requires less funding. C．It sends earlier warnings. D．It detects smaller quakes. 6．What decides the type of warnings? A．Result of the earthquake. B．Site of the earthquake. C．Magnitude of the earthquake. D．Reason of the earthquake. 7．What do Allen’s words mean in paragraph 5? A．Technological advances prevent disasters. B．Researches on earthquakes are in demand. C．Quality of rescue tools requires improvement. D．The warning system needs further development. 8．What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce a warning system. B．To compare two types of alerts.     C．To raise public safety awareness. D．To promote a disaster rescue tool. Passage 3 Local government and firefighters in the United States are always managing to look for new and creative methods to help keep wildfires under control. Especially during the hot and dry summer months, thousands of wildfires spread through forests every year. The city of West Sacramento in North California has found a creative secret weapon (秘密武器) to help address this problem. The secret weapon, believe it or not, is goats (山羊)! In their wake, the dangerous fires cause loss of life, and cause damage to land and neighboring communities. By thinking out of the box, the decision to use goats for fire prevention has proven (证明) to be a success. These friendly animals have been helping the city with wildfire prevention by eating the dry grass and dead trees. When the goats eat the things that are likely to catch fire, they stop the problem before it grows! Wildfires can happen naturally, when dry plants catch fire because of the sun’s heat. However, most wildfires are caused by human carelessness. The best way to fight the fires and lessen the damage is to try to clear away the things that encourage the fire’s spread, in this case the dry grass, trees and plants. If the things that are most likely to catch fire are gone, the fire is less likely to spread. This is a very environmentally friendly solution on many levels, and super effective as well. The loveable goats are able to reach difficult areas that grass cutters would not be able to reach. Firefighters and government officials could not be happier with the results. West Sacramento public information officer, Paul Hosely, said that about 400 of these goats can clear an area of about two acres per day. They even fertilize (使肥沃) the area, a natural and free side effect of eating all those dry plants. Although this effort is costly, it has paid off. A few weeks ago, a fire near the Oakland Zoo spread quickly. Fire breaks made by the goats helped stop it from growing and spreading, and kept the people in the area and their properties (财产) safe. 9．What does the underlined part “this problem” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The shortage of firefighters in the U. S. B．Loss of life caused by extreme weather. C．The growth of wildfires across wooded areas. D．Damage to land caused by some wild animals. 10．How do goats help West Sacramento? A．By fertilizing gardens. B．By creating fire breaks. C．By warning of possible danger. D．By controlling overgrown grass. 11．How does the author show the solution’s effectiveness in paragraph5? A．By using experts’ words. B．By providing examples. C．By showing differences. D．By describing a process. 12．The author used the event near the Oakland Zoo to show _________. A．the side effect of the mentioned solution B．the popularity of the mentioned solution C．the high cost of the mentioned solution D．the success of the mentioned solution Passage 4 Faced with worsening floods and a shortage of housing, the Netherlands is seeing growing interest in floating homes. When a heavy storm hit in October, 2022, residents of the floating community in Amsterdam had little doubt that they could ride it out. They tied up their bikes and outdoor benches, checked in with neighbors to ensure everyone had enough food and water, and stayed indoors safely as their neighborhood slid up and down its steel foundational post, rising along with the water and coming down to its original position after the rain stopped. “We feel safer in a storm because we are floating,” says Siti Boelen. “I think it’s kind of strange that building on water is not a priority worldwide.” A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas or floods by remaining atop the water’s surface. Unlike houseboats, which can easily be untied and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore, often resting on steel poles, and are usually connected to the local waste water system and power supply. They are structurally similar to houses built on land, but instead of a basement, they have a concrete hull (混凝土船体) that acts as a counterbalance, allowing them to remain stable in the water. As sea levels rise and strong storms cause waters to rise, floating neighborhoods offer an experiment in flood defence that could allow coastal communities to better deal with climate change. In the land-short but crowded Netherlands, demand for such homes is growing. And, as more people look to build on the water there, officials are working to update zoning laws to make the construction of floating homes easier. “The authorities want to expand the concept of floating because it is multifunctional use of space for housing, and because the sustainable way is the way forward,” says Nienke Renssen, an Amsterdam city councilor. 13．How did the floating community residents react in the 2022 storm? A．They were forced to relocate to safe places. B．They felt calm and confident about survival. C．They called the government for emergency help. D．They complained about the design of the floating homes. 14．What makes a floating home different from a houseboat? A．It can be moved around easily. B．It is not linked to local living facilities. C．It has a basement to maintain balance in water. D．It is secured to the shore with supporting structures. 15．What is authorities’ attitude towards floating homes? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Objective. 16．What can be the best title for the text? A．Living on Water: A New Global Home Style B．Zoning Laws: A Key to Building Floating Homes C．Flood Control: A Main Function of Floating Homes D．Floating Homes: Solving Floods and Housing Shortage 话题5 人工智能 Passage 1 Lego has said that its braille bricks (盲文积木), which are loved by schools and services helping visually impaired (视觉受损的) kids, can now be bought by the public. This has caused many to think about the improvements in toys and games. Making toys and games covers many different things. Kids have various needs when it comes to play, especially those with physical challenges and learning differences. Good toy and game design should avoid trying to remedy children’s play by removing their mistakes at play and requiring them to play in a standard way. It should focus instead on how toys and games can better meet the play interests of a wide range of children. However, traditional toys and games made for special play needs are often expensive. Toys with small parts or operating systems are often inaccessible (不可使用的) to children with disabilities. A design that supports equal play, where accessibility is built in as a standard, rather than an added feature, may offer useful inspiration. New technologies bring new possibilities. For example, researchers at Lodz University of Technology tested a way to make games more interactive (互动的) for visually impaired children. They used sounds to help these children understand shapes and colors in the game. Another example is the artificial intelligence (AI) Barbie dolls. The Barbie movie’s success has made the Barbie dolls popular again. An AI Barbie could talk and have more advanced conversations with children, which would be a fun and creative experience. Children prefer to stay with it. When kids play with an AI Barbie, it can make them aware of, understand and share their feelings, even if they have trouble speaking or seeing. Improving the accessibility of children’s toys and games is important, though the task is anything but easy. The digital game industry has been working on setting some basic rules. These rules will help more children with different needs to play and enjoy toys and games. 1．What does the underlined word “remedy” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Share. B．Replace. C．Compare. D．Correct. 2．What does the example of sound-based toys aim to explain? A．Small parts are necessary for equal play. B．Kids with disabilities prefer simpler toys. C．Creative design helps meet special play needs. D．Interactive toys make a challenging experience. 3．What is an important feature of an AI Barbie? A．It inspires a sense of achievement. B．It helps kids study in a relaxing way. C．It supports kids’ emotional expression. D．It recognizes common behavior problems. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future development of toys and games? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Surprised. Passage 2 To explore how a Western-centric AI impacts users from different backgrounds, the Cornell University team designed a clever cross-cultural experiment. They invited 118 participants through the online platform Prolific, carefully selecting 60 individuals from India and 58 from the United States. This setup created a “cultural distance” situation: American users interacting with an AI likely aligned with their own cultural norms (规范), and Indian users interacting with an AI potentially were distant from theirs. The study’s most striking findings turned up when analyzing the content and style of the essays themselves. The researchers first looked at whether AI made writing more similar within each cultural group. Using advanced natural language processing techniques to compare the meaning-based similarity of essays, they found that AI indeed had a homogenizing (同质化) effect. Both Indians and Americans wrote more similarly to others within their own cultural group when using AI suggestions. But the critical test was the cross-cultural comparison. Did AI make Indian and American writing styles converge (趋同)? The answer was really a yes. The average similarity score between Indian and American essays jumped significantly when both groups used AI (from 0.48 to 0.54). Participants from the two different cultures wrote more like each other when guided by the AI assistant. Furthermore, the effect size of this cross-cultural homogenization was stronger than the within-culture homogenization observed earlier. This wasn’t just a general smoothing effect; it indicated a powerful convergence across cultural lines. Which way was the convergence flowing? Was AI making Americans write more like Indians, or vice versa? By comparing situations where only one group used AI, the researchers found the influence was not the same. AI caused Indian writing to become significantly more similar to natural American writing styles than it caused American writing to resemble natural Indian styles. The Western-centric AI was clearly pulling Indian users towards its own hidden norms. 5．What does the underlined word “aligned” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Struggled. B．Identified. C．Competed. D．Matched. 6．What can we learn about AI’s impact within each group? A．AI may limit personalized writing. B．AI can reduce cultural communication. C．AI inspires creativity with various ideas. D．AI improves fluency in different languages. 7．How did the researchers prove Indian writing styles were more influenced? A．Through an online survey. B．By comparison. C．Through AI scoring. D．By setting different norms. 8．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph? A．AI had a small effect across cultures. B．AI helped make American writing unique. C．AI caused Indian writing to be westernized. D．AI made out the writing styles of the participants. Passage 3 Is this text AI-generated? That question crops up a lot these days. Computer software to flag AI-generated text exists. But most programs share one crucial weakness, says Jun Jang: no sense of style. His new software hopes to fill that gap. Jun’s program takes note of a writer’s stylistic characteristics. It can then use those characteristics to check if another text was written by the same person. Jun says his project was motivated by seeing students admit using AI tools on classroom assignments. But relying too much on these tools can erode someone’s creativity. It can also harm their ability to work out problems themselves, Jun says. And young people are most at risk. “I figured that by me making an attempt to solve this issue, I could help millions of teachers as well as maybe help kids become more creative and spark more innovation.” Jun says. AI use for homework is not rare. The Turnitin program is an existing tool to check who wrote a piece of text. In the first year it was available, it analyzed more than 200 million student papers. Last year, it reported evidence that some 11 in every 100 papers it reviewed had used AI for at least a fifth of their text. Three in every 100 papers used AI for four-fifths of their content. “That’s absolutely no surprise,” Jun says. Some forms of generative AI are powerful, game-changing technologies. “Using AI can be good for education, obviously,” he says, “But a lot of kids don’t use it properly.” Since the release of some AI software, teachers increasingly have had to make hard calls. They must decide whether a student wrote an essay, or just asked a machine to write it. Wrongfully flagging some student’s work as cheating would decrease the student’s trust in their teacher. Jun’s new program hopes to limit that. 9．What does Jun’s new software focuses on? A．Text length. B．Content logic. C．Word count. D．Writing style. 10．What does the underlined word “erode” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Build. B．Strengthen. C．Damage. D．Improve. 11．What does Jun Jang say about students using AI for assignments? A．It is always harmful. B．It can be improperly used. C．It should be banned. D．It promotes true innovation. 12．What does Jun’s new program aim to do? A．Increase students’ writing speed. B．Generate more essays for students. C．Teach students to use AI properly. D．Help teachers make right judgments. Passage 4 Fans of the later Star Wars movies might remember BB-8, the robot that has been described as “a living soccer ball”. And if you’ve ever wondered what it might be like to have your own ball-shaped robot friend, Samsung could be about to make your dreams come true. The South Korean company has been presenting its newest version (版本) of a personal home assistant robot named “Ballie”. It is perhaps not quite as cute or quite as round as BB-8, but Samsung says its robot does lots of useful jobs around the house. The company actually introduced an earlier, smaller version of Ballie four years ago, but that one never went on sale. This newest version is about the size of a bowling ball, and can move around a home on its own. It is a little bit like a moving version of a home voice assistant, with a few extra features. It uses artificial intelligence (AI) to learn users habits. That might mean telling us to water the flowers or give some food to the dog, while it also has a projector (投影仪) that can project videos or calls onto the wall or the floor. Ballie is designed to do a bit of everything: use its camera to check on the home or animals while you’re out, automatically (自动地) answer the phone, and turn lights or other things on and off. It can also receive instructions by text message as well as speech, so you can give it jobs to do while you’re away. The company said the robot will be on sale this year, although the exact price has not yet been decided. 13．Why does the author mention BB-8 in the first paragraph? A．To start a discussion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To introduce a movie. D．To praise a Korean company. 14．What is special about the new Ballie over the older version? A．It is smaller in size. B．It can move around by itself. C．It is much cheaper. D．It looks exactly like BB-8. 15．What can Ballie do to help users at home? A．It can feed the pets. B．It can make phone calls. C．It can project videos onto the wall. D．It can clean floors automatically. 16．What is still unknown about Ballie according to the text? A．Its exact price. B．Its appearance. C．Its projection function. D．Its ability to use AI. 话题6 科学家 Passage 1 Huang Xuhua, the “father of China’s nuclear submarines (潜艇)”, passed away at the age of 99 due to illness. Born in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang’s life was like a submarine in the deep sea — silent, but with endless power. In 1958, due to his outstanding political qualities and excellent professional skills, he was secretly called to Beijing. From then, he worked in secrecy for 30years, devoting himself to China’s nuclear submarine program. Together with the first-generation nuclear submarine research team, he focused on research, overcoming difficulties, and pushing forward consistently. Huang’s life was one of outstanding achievements and greatness. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic and in 2020, he received the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang also cared deeply about the long-term development of national science and technology, nuclear submarine work, and the healthy growth of future generations. He donated over 20 million yuan to this field. The development of China’s nuclear submarine technology was a hard journey full of challenges. Huang and his colleagues, through strong determination and tireless efforts, succeeded in building the nation’s first nuclear submarine. Without the development of the submarines, China’s position as a major global power and a strong nation would not have been firmly built in the way it is today, Song Zhongping, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times. What Huang and the pioneering generation of scientists have left to us is a determined spirit. It is this spirit that will drive us to achieve technological breakthroughs and overcome difficulties in the face of frightening challenges, said Song. 1．Why was Huang’s life like a submarine in the deep sea silently? A．Because his job required secrecy. B．Because submarines were silent. C．Because he was a deaf man. D．Because no one knew his life. 2．According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes Huang? A．Brave and kind. B．Fruitful and generous. C．Outstanding and patient. D．Creative and responsible. 3．Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A．Song was one of Huang’s colleagues in building submarines. B．The development of the submarines was important for the nation. C．The development of the nation’s nuclear submarines was smooth. D．Huang and his team created the only nuclear submarine in China. 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．The competition between foreign countries and China in science. B．The great importance of advanced technology in national defense. C．The personal life story of Huang, including his hobbies and interests. D．Huang’s contributions to the development of China’s nuclear submarine. Passage 2 oan Feynman, born in 1927 in Queens, New York, was the younger sister of the famous physicist Richard Feynman. Growing up, Richard played a key role in developing Joan’s curiosity and scientific interest, teaching her high-level mathematics and science. At the age of five, she was already helping him in his experiments. For her fourteenth birthday, Richard gave Joan a gift, a college-level physics textbook, Astronomy by Rebecca Horace Baker. This book not only deepened her understanding of physics but also showed her the possibilities for women in the field of science. Inspired by this, Joan went after a rigorous academic (学术) path, which means she chose to study in a way that requires a lot of hard work, self-control, and responsibility. Later, she successfully earned a bachelor’s degree from Oberlin College and later a PhD in 1958. Despite her academic success, Joan took a stop from physics in 1960 to focus on her family, marrying and raising two children. However, this period was ended by a sense of depression, leading her to seek jobs in 1962. Following an expert’s advice, she got three job offers and chose to work part-time at Lamont, where she began her research into Earth’s magnetosphere (磁层), making important contributions to its understanding. It was her determination to explore science that helped Joan gain her mental health again. Joan’s career was marked by many scientific breakthroughs, particularly in the study of solar wind and its interaction with Earth’s magnetosphere. As author or co-author of more than 185 papers, Joan’s research achievements range from discovering the shape of the Earth’s magnetosphere to confirming the origin of auroras (极光). In 1974, she made history as the first woman to be an officer of the American Geophysical Union, and in 2000, she was honored with NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal. “Joan Feynman leaves a wealth of scientific achievements,” said American Physical Society (APS) CEO Kate Kirby. “Despite being prevented to explore science by social expectations, she stuck to it, and her achievements serve as an inspiration to women who wish to go after a career in science.” 5．How did Richard influence Joan? A．By preparing her for subjects in college. B．By introducing her to the world of science. C．By teaching her the importance of experiments. D．By offering her a job serving as his lab helper. 6．What does the underlined word “rigorous” mean in paragraph 2? A．Strict. B．Dynamic. C．Intelligent. D．Trivial. 7．What message can be inferred from the passage? A．Joan Feynman was a key member of APS. B．Richard designed Joan’s career path as a physicist. C．In Joan’s time women were encouraged to become scientists. D．Working for scientific goals contributed to Joan’s mental health. 8．In which part of a newspaper can we probably find the passage? A．Literature Education. B．Culture Appreciation. C．Internet Technology. D．Celebrity Biography. Passage 3 Ask most folks who came up with the theory of evolution (进化), and they’ll tell you it was Charles Darwin. In fact, Alfred Russel Wallace, another British naturalist, was a co­-discoverer of the theory — though Darwin has gotten most of the credit. Actually, Wallace outlived Darwin by 17 years, long enough to see evolutionary theory gain acceptance. Wallace developed his most important ideas about natural selection during an eight-­year expedition (探险) to what was then the Dutch East Indies — modern­-day Indonesia — to observe wildlife and collect specimens (标本). Few places on earth can match this region’s tremendous diversity of plant and animal life. Wallace collected more than 100,000 insect, bird and animal specimens, which he gave to British museums. By 1855, Wallace had come to the conclusion that living things evolve. But he didn’t figure out how until one night three years later. He was on the island of Halmahera, ill with a fever, when it came to him: Animals evolve by adapting to their environment. As soon as he could, Wallace wrote his theory down in a nine-­page paper, says Tony Whitten, a Wallace expert. “He sent that to Darwin, as an older mentor (导师), if you like, to have a peer review before publication” Whitten says. Darwin had reached the same conclusion years earlier, and Wallace’s letter inspired him to act. The two men published a joint paper in 1858, arguing the theory of evolution and natural selection. It shook mankind’s assumptions about its origins. The following year, Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species and rose to fame. Over time, however, Wallace faded from the public memory. 9．How did Wallace develop his ideas about natural selection? A．By travelling around the world. B．By studying specimens in the museums. C．By researching wild animals and plants. D．By debating with other scientists. 10．Why did Wallace send his paper to Darwin? A．To claim authorship of the study. B．To ask for financial support. C．To challenge Darwin’s opinion. D．To seek feedback before publication. 11．What happened after the joint paper was published? A．People began to doubt their origin. B．The two scientists became well­known. C．Darwin arrived at the same conclusion. D．They immediately co­authored another book. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．The Untold Story of Charles Darwin. B．The Other Man Behind Evolutionary Theory. C．The Development of the Theory of Evolution. D．The Expedition That Changed the World. Passage 4 The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm (算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began. The Nobel Prize in Physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep learning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations (模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 13．For what were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in Physics? A．They invented artificial neural networks. B．They discovered biological neural networks. C．They both are excellent experts in the field of statistical physics. D．They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 14．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．John Hopfield’s devotion and achievement. B．How modern generative AI revolution began. C．Geoffrey Hinton’s research on neural network. D．The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 15．What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A．Finding a key algorithm which could select weights. B．Creating a new model that could generate new patterns. C．Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. D．Discovering an approach to training artificial neural networks. 16．According to the passage, what is the influence of awarding the prize to Hopfield and Hinton? A．More people will be inspired to study physics. B．Simulations of systems will be faster and more accurate. C．People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. D．Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. Passage 5 Role models are important for inspiring scientists, but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant. In a series of studies, researchers found that young people were more motivated (激励) by scientists whose success was connected with efforts than those whose success was because of natural intelligence, even if that scientist was Albert Einstein. Danfei Hu, a doctoral student at the Pennsylvania State University, and Janet N. Ann. an assistant professor of Psychology at William Paterson University, said the findings — recently published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology — would help deal with the certain secret about what it takes to succeed in science. According to the researchers, there is anxiety in the science community about a number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college. To help solve the problem, Hu and Ann wanted to research role models, who give the students specific goals, behavior or strategies they can follow. The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively (分别). In the first study, all participants read the same story about common struggles a scientist met in his science career. However, half were told the story was about Einstein, while half were told it was about Thomas Edison. Although the stories were the same, participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success. In addition, the participants who believe the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems. “This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a genius, with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent,” Hu said. “Edison, on the other hand, is known for failing more than 1,000 times when trying to create the light bulb, and his success is linked to his efforts.” Hu added, “Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts, more students will step into the science career confidently.” 17．What kind of scientist is more inspiring? A．Those who made important discoveries. B．Those who were born with a gift. C．Those who are viewed as great inventors. D．Those who are famous for their hard work. 18．What is the concern in the science community? A．The students will drop out of school soon. B．There are fewer role models for students to follow. C．Fewer students will continue to work on science. D．Some scientists cannot give students specific goals. 19．Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths problems? A．They knew the problems were given by Edison. B．They believed they could solve the problems by working hard. C．They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein. D．They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison. 20．What is the best title for the text? A．Einstein Is Less Encouraging than Edison B．Einstein’s Success Story C．How to Be a Great Scientist D．Edison’s Achievements Are Greater $ 考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 动物 Passage 1 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A Passage 2 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D Passage 3 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．A 12．C Passage 4 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．B 话题2 环境保护 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B Passage 2 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A Passage 3 【答案】9．D 10．D 11．C 12．B Passage 4 【答案】13．C 14．C 15．A 16．B 话题3 信息技术 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 2 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C Passage 3 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A Passage 4 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A 话题4 自然灾害与防范 Passage 1 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A Passage 3 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D Passage 4 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．D 话题5 人工智能 Passage 1 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B Passage 2 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C Passage 3 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D Passage 4 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．A 话题6 科学家 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D Passage 3 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B Passage 4 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．C Passage 5 【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $