2.1 重难题型 主旨大意题-（教师用书）【金版新学案】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与测试

精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢稳拿分 重难题型　主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，要求在充分理解全文的基础上，清晰认知整篇文章的主旨。这类题型比重不高但难度较大，考生易失分，因其无明显解题依据，需从文中抽取、提炼关键词和主干句，加工概括后才能归纳出主旨。 解答主旨大意题时切勿草率，考生务必读完、读通文章再做判定。此类题目可分为三类：标题归纳题、文章大意题、段落大意题。明正确选项和干扰选项的特征： 　 (一)　标题归纳题——活用4法 图解技巧 设问方式 1．Which is the most suitable title for the text? 2．What can be a suitable title for the text? 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? 4．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage？ 学生用书第9页 (2025·全国二卷阅读C) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants，she didn't have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened: She was flooded，shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year，Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry． “Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr.Melinda Knuth，a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think．” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol，the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces．” If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants，don't beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn't make it．“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care of it，but if it dies，go get another one，” Detrinidad says. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home 解题示范 第一步：读文章，厘清结构 第二步： 细揣摩，概括文意 本文是一篇说明文，通过线上绿植店主Sonja Detrinidad的成功案例和佛罗里达大学研究者 Melinda Knuth 博士的观点，说明了室内绿植的流行趋势及其对身心健康、工作效率的多重益处，以及人们应对养护绿植所持的积极态度。 学生用书第10页 第三步： 分析选项，斟酌判断 A 是时候更换室内植物了。 文中虽提到植物可能会养死，但重点并非强调更换，主要围绕植物带来的益处等。 以偏概全，主次不分 B 植物提升你的情绪。 文章阐述植物能改善情绪(如降低压力激素、提升生活满意度等)、对学业和工作表现有积极影响等，“提升情绪” 是植物诸多益处的概括，能体现文章核心。 涵盖性强，统领全文 C 选择室内植物的小贴士。 全文未涉及选择室内植物的相关建议。 无中生有 D 植物点亮你的家。 文中未着重描述植物对家居环境 “点亮”的作用，重点在植物对身心健康益处。 偏离主旨，移花接木 [自主解答]　 B (二)　文章大意题——把握主题词/句/段 文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每个段落都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。 图解技巧 设问方式 1．What is the main idea of the passage? 2．What does the passage mainly talk about? 3．What is the passage mainly about? 4．What is the primary topic of the passage? 5．What does the passage mainly discuss？ (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放)from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 学生用书第11页　　 BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. 解题示范 第一步：读文章，厘清结构 第二步： 细揣摩，概括文意 本文是一篇说明文，围绕 “室内微型种植系统 Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)” 展开，通过清晰的逻辑层次介绍其核心价值与特点，传递可持续发展理念。 第三步： 分析选项，斟酌判断 A BMF的主要优势。 文章围绕BMF展开，介绍了其能缩短食物运输距离、适用场景广泛、依托新技术高效运作、具有环保价值等多方面优势，这些都是其主要优势的体现。 涵盖性强， 统领全文 B BMF的综合管理。 全文未涉及 BMF 的综合管理相关内容，如人员管理、运营管理等方面均未提及。 无中生有 C BMF的全球影响力。 文中仅介绍了 BMF 自身的特点和优势，以及员工的相关实践，并未提到其在全球范围内产生的影响。 偏离主旨， 无中生有 D BMF的技术标准。 文章虽提到BMF依靠新技术，有云端监控、实时数据等技术特征，但这只是其中一部分内容，不能概括全文，仅为文章的局部信息。 以偏概全， 主次不分 [自主解答]　 A (三)　段落大意题——找准段落主题句 图解技巧 设问方式 1．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about? 2．What does paragraph...mainly talk about? 3．What does the writer try to express in paragraph...？ (2025·全国二卷阅读D) It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage.Instead，all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine. 学生用书第12页 34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked. C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought. 解题示范 第一步： 读文章，厘清结构 第二步：细揣摩，概括段意 wastED 菜单上的菜品并非由垃圾制成，而是使用了大多数餐厅不会考虑供应的肉类和农产品(如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼鳃、被拒收的红薯、黄瓜头)，这些食材在优秀厨师的加工下被重新利用，变成了美味佳肴。整体来看，段落以 “否定误解—明确事实—举例佐证” 的逻辑递进，层层解释 wastED 菜单食材的本质与价值。 第三步： 分析选项，斟酌判断 A 段落中未提及使用这些配料的原因，如为何选择这些大多数餐厅不考虑的食材等相关内容均未涉及。 无中生有 B 段落中没有提到哪些菜品最受欢迎，未涉及菜品的受欢迎程度相关信息。 无中生有 C 段落明确指出 wastED 菜单上的菜品并非由垃圾制成，而是使用大多数餐厅不会选用的肉类和农产品，并列举了羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼鳃等具体食材，说明这些食材经加工成为佳肴，核心就是介绍菜品的制作原料。 涵盖性强， 统领该段 D 文中没有关于这些配料购买地点的描述，未涉及相关信息。 无中生有 [自主解答]　 C (2025·衡水中学高三下学期模拟考) “Can you finish the work by the end of the day？” This question might cause anxiety for many employees.However，recent research indicates that shorter deadlines can actually help some individuals to complete tasks more efficiently and perceive their workload as less frightening. In a study focused on retirement planning，volunteers completed a brief online survey under two different deadline conditions.One group had seven days to finish the survey，while the other was given 14 days.The researchers discovered that those facing the longer deadline often viewed the task as more difficult.Although participants with the extended deadline initially invested more time and resources，they were also more likely to procrastinate and less likely to complete the assignment compared to those with shorter deadlines. Recognizing that people frequently deal with multiple deadlines，researchers explored how individuals manage various tasks at the same time.The findings found a mental tendency: individuals often delay important tasks in favor of urgent but less significant ones.For example，many people delay routine medical check-ups，which are crucial for their health，in favor of rushing to a store for a limited-time sale.This occurs because important tasks feel more complex and distant，while urgent tasks provide immediate satisfaction. These patterns have significant results for managers and others involved in setting deadlines.Understanding 学生用书第13页these mental processes can help find strategies to enhance task completion rates.Short deadlines for urgent tasks tend to draw attention more effectively，leading to higher completion rates and reduced procrastination.On the other hand，longer deadlines can lead to excessive careful thought or distraction，resulting in incomplete work. However，it's essential to recognize that longer deadlines may still be necessary for complex tasks particularly when external factors，such as resource availability or cooperation，require additional time for proper completion.In such cases，a balanced approach is crucial: setting realistic deadlines that account for both urgency and complexity can lead to improved outcomes.By recognizing the minor differences of human motivation，individuals and organizations can develop effective strategies for task management. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了不同截止日期对任务完成情况的影响。 1．What does the underlined word “procrastinate” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Finish quickly. B． Put off. C．Start early. D．Do carefully. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段“Although participants with the extended deadline initially invested more time and resources”及“less likely to complete the assignment compared to those with shorter deadlines.”可知，此处通过although引导让步关系，表明主从句的转折意义，即延长截止日期会使参与者投入更多时间和资源，但可能会造成任务时间过长。由此可推知，画线单词的含义是“拖延，延期”。故选B。 2．Why do people tend to delay important tasks for urgent ones? A．Urgent tasks offer instant rewards. B．Urgent tasks are more complicated. C．Important tasks are less challenging. D．Important tasks need multi-tasking. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“This occurs because important tasks feel more complex and distant，while urgent tasks provide immediate satisfaction.”可知，人们倾向于把重要的任务推迟到紧急的任务之后是因为紧急任务提供即时奖励。故选A。 3．How should managers set proper deadlines to improve outcomes? A．Set all tasks with shorter deadlines. B．Prioritize resources and cooperation. C．Balance task urgency and complexity. D．Extend deadlines for significant tasks. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“In such cases，a balanced approach is crucial: setting realistic deadlines that account for both urgency and complexity can lead to improved outcomes.”可知，管理者应该平衡任务的紧迫性和复杂性以设定合理的截止日期以提高成果。故选C。 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Role of Urgency in Task Completion B．Strategies for Managing Various Deadlines C．Influences of Delay on Work Quality D．The Power of Deadlines in Task Management 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“However，recent research indicates that shorter deadlines can actually help some individuals to complete tasks more efficiently and perceive their workload as less frightening.”可知，文章主要探讨了截止日期对任务完成情况的影响，说明了截止日期在任务管理中的重要作用。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $