专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，重庆专用）八年级英语下学期

专题05 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 Chinese shadow puppetry, or shadow play, is probably one of the most ancient arts using light and shadow. It is a mix of many art forms, including painting, music, opera performance and story-telling. In 2011, it was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Shadow puppetry can be found all over China, especially in rural areas. Performances often take place in community centers, village squares, and during local festivals, where families gather to enjoy the shows. Traditional theaters showcase these captivating art forms, while portable (便携的) puppet stages allow performances in parks and public spaces, making shadow puppetry accessible (易得到的) to all. More than 2,000 years ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very upset about the death of his favorite concubine (妃子). One day, a minister happened to see children playing with dolls, whose shadows were vivid (生动的) on the floor. Then he had an idea—he made a puppet of the concubine. As night fell, he invited the emperor to watch a puppet show. This story is believed to be the origin of shadow puppetry. Shadow puppetry was widely performed in the Tang Dynasty, and was introduced into West Asian and European countries during the Yuan Dynasty. The art form met its heyday (全盛期) in the Qing Dynasty, when the puppetry was performed in almost every province. The puppetry was also performed in many celebrations, such as weddings. There were even plays in a series, which were shown in the same form as today’s TV dramas. Such plays could be performed for over half a month. However, making the puppets is not an easy job. They are mostly made of the leather (皮革) of animals, such as cattle and sheep. That’s why their Chinese name is pi ying, which means shadows of leather. The body parts of the puppets are cut separately and then joined (连接) together. During the performances, puppeteers hold the puppets with sticks connected to their most important joints, so that the puppets could be shown as “moving images” on the screens. They could sometimes be as vivid as living creatures. No wonder Chinese shadow puppetry is also known as the “forefather of the films”. 1. In which dynasty was shadow puppetry introduced to areas outside China? A. Han Dynasty. B. Tang Dynasty. C. Song Dynasty. D. Yuan Dynasty. 2. Which step is NOT part of making traditional shadow puppets? A. Using animal leather like cattle or sheep. B. Cutting leather into separate body parts. C. Holding the puppet to make them move freely. D. Joining the parts with sticks for movement. 3. What can we infer (推断) about shadow puppetry? A. It has been one of Intangible Cultural Heritages for 14 years. B. The minister made the puppet because the emperor enjoyed playing with dolls. C. Shadow puppetry was performed only in rural provinces. D. The development of films may be inspired (受启发) by shadow puppetry. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? 1 Introduction 2 areas 3 Origin (起源) 4 Development 5 Craftsmanship (制作工艺) A. B. C. D. 主题01 人与社会——运动与健康 Passage 2 ①Today, young people spend about six hours a day in front of a TV or a computer and less than four minutes playing outdoors (户外). It is not healthy for people’s mind and body when they spend more time playing with their computers or watching TV but not outdoors. ②Some health experts call green time “vitamin G”. Kids who don’t get outdoors much seem to have trouble in school, because being outdoors excites the mind more than sitting around indoors. Even people who usually spend a lot of time outdoors find a difference when they don’t get green time. Some people say, “I feel more tired when I don’t get outdoors.” ③Experts believe the good things of green time come from the outdoor activities such as running or boating. Exercise makes something special in brain. It can improve learning, feeling, and sleep. It also helps with learning by increasing (提升) connections (联系) between nerve cells (神经细胞). They are very important for learning and memory. Some schools have classes outside for those reasons. Mary Smith, a middle school student, says she believes the outdoor activities help her think and make her learn more carefully. Learning in a forest helps her become more interesting in art, too. ④And even doctors give their patients (病人) some vitamin G to help them to get better. Miller writes “park prescriptions (处方)” for her patients because she says, “Being outdoors is good for health.” She finds that when she gives patients park prescriptions, they seem to continue with them. ⑤Getting outdoors can be simple, just like calling together your family to go for a walk. All it takes is five minutes or more of green time: Get outside, and get your vitamin G! 5. Which of the following activity is an example of “vitamin G”? A. Watching TV at home. B. Reading books in the library. C. Walking in a park. D. Studying in the classroom. 6. Experts and doctors may agree that _______. A. kids without green time are easy to have trouble in school B. people who get outdoors a lot may feel the same indoors C. exercise improves learning by increasing the number of cells D. vitamin G is not helpful for many patients 7. The writer writes the passage in order to _______. A. ask people to eat more vitamins to keep healthy B. make people to buy vitamin G as much as possible C. tell people to get less green time and stay at home more D. encourage (鼓励) people to do more activities outside. 8. What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 3 Drones (无人机) are a kind of machine that can fly. They are becoming more and more popular and are widely used in many areas. people use a computer to control this flying machine. Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures and following animals that are in danger. Some people say this special machine will change our life as much as the computer does. In Brazil, farmers use drones to watch their crops (庄稼). Brazil have quite a few large farms. On these farms, people find it difficult to look after all the crops. Drones can help farmers to find out if the crops are ill. They also help farmers use fewer farm chemicals. This can improve the environment and save much money. Drones can also help to find lost people. If people are lost and far from home, police can use drones to find them. A 92-year-old man in Virginia was lost and had to spend a night in the woods. Luckily, the Drone found him in 20 minutes. He was finally saved by the police. Drones can even serve people coffee. The US company IBM has made this kind of job, it can carry coffee to those in need. The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by Studying a person. Then’s habits. Then, the drone will fly to the person. There is a special device (设备) under the drone. It helps the drone to give people the coffee. The drone can also predict when someone needs their next cup of coffee. 9. How does the writer tell us the wide use of drones in Paragraph 1? A. By giving examples. B. By listing numbers. C. By answering questions. D. By using famous sayings. 10. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Drones are more useful than computers. B. Drones don’t need anyone to control them. C. Drones can look for things that are lost. D. Drones can help people look after the crops. 11. How many things drones can help us do are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 12. What is the right structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. Passage 4 Are you troubled by housework, such as cleaning tables or tidying your room? It’s said that some new AI robots could be here to help! Recently (近来), the robot Mobile Aloha made by scientists at Stanford University in the US became popular online. In the videos, we can see the robot preparing dishes by itself, from cutting vegetables to cracking (打破) eggs. It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, sweeping the floor, folding the clothes and taking care of children. It even knows how to shake the pillow (枕头) after putting it into a pillowcase (枕套). Sounds good? Well, ▲ Actually(实际上), it isn’t good at doing housework on its own. Instead, it learns from human actions (人类行为) before doing each kind of housework. When the situation changes, it can’t work well without a human “teaching” it. So it may break dishes, bump into (撞上) things and even burn a pot. What’s more, Mobile Aloha can successfully move chairs 80 percent of the time, said the team after they did more research (研究) on it. For cooking dishes, it’s only 40 percent. For looking after babies, it’s even worse. In short, it’s far from perfect. In fact, AI robots are good at tasks such as math and playing chess, but they face challenges (挑战) when it comes to simpler actions like cleaning, washing or cooking. And it’s the same for Mobile Aloha. For example, if its body doesn’t move correctly-even just with a small deviation (偏差), its arm may move too far to pick up a glass. “Robots are not ready to take over (控制，接管) the world,” the team posted on X. 13. The robot Mobile Aloha is good at ________. A. sweeping the floor B. folding the clothes C. taking care of children D. A, B and C 14. Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A. Mobile Aloha can be used to do some high-tech work, too. B. a research shows that humans do these chores better than robots. C. AI robots will also meet some problems when they help around the house. D. another video about Mobile Aloha may disappoint (使失望) some people. 15. Which of following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 16. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Robots May Not Be So Helpful B. Robots May Take Human’s Place C. Robots—A Good Housework Helper D. Robots Are Ready to Shine 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 5 ①Noise-canceling headphones (降噪耳机) can bring you a quiet world, but using them for too long might be bad for your brain (大脑), according to The New York Post. ②Doctors say that more young people now face “ear problems”, such as difficulty understanding speech or needing subtitles (字幕) for videos. Surprisingly, their ears are healthy—the real problem is their brains! ③This problem is known as Auditory Processing Disorder (APD). People with APD can hear sounds, but their brains have trouble understanding them. For example, imagine trying to listen to a friend in a noisy room—you hear their voice but can’t understand the words clearly. ④To work well, our brains need to choose which sounds to focus on (专注于) or ignore (忽略). “We get the skill when hearing different sounds. If not, we can lose this skill.” The doctors also added that wearing these headphones creates a “false (虚假的) environment” where you only hear what you want. This makes it easier for your brain, so it doesn’t have to work hard and becomes “lazy”. ⑤How do these headphones work? ⑥Noise travels in waves (波) through air and water. Noise-canceling headphones stop these waves in two ways: One is to use things like special ear cups. The other is to use a microphone (麦克风) to send out special sound waves that stop the noise by fighting against it. ⑦This technology can be harmful (有害的) if you use it too much. However, it is still helpful for people working in noisy places. ⑧Tips on protecting (保护) your ears: ●Only use noise-canceling headphones for two or three hours each day. ●Every hour, take a break from using the headphones. ●Try not to use these headphones in crowded places, especially when you are outside or near traffic. 17. What is Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)? A. A problem with ear health. B. Difficulty hearing any sounds. C. Trouble understanding sounds. D. An illness caused by traffic noise. 18. Which of the following is NOT a safe (安全) way to use headphones? A. Using them for 2.5 hours every day. B. Taking breaks every hour. C. Stopping using them near traffic. D. Using them when shopping outside. 19. What is the writer’s main purpose (目的) in this article? A. To introduce how noise-canceling headphones work in noisy places. B. To explain the importance of protecting ears with noise-canceling headphones. C. To offer advice on how to use noise-canceling headphones in a right way. D. To ask more people not to use noise-canceling headphones in noisy places. 20. What’s the best structure (结构) of this passage? A. B. C. D. Passage 6 ①The metaverse (元宇宙) has been a hot topic recently. The word “Metaverse” comes from a science fiction novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson in 1992. It refers to a 3D virtual reality (虚拟现实). In this world, we have digital versions (数字版本) of ourselves which are called avatars. The best way to visit the metaverse is through VR headsets. ②Visiting the metaverse is like playing a game called World of Warcraft (魔兽世界), where we can choose our own avatars. In the metaverse, we can do almost everything such as getting together with friends, learning and playing. Its value to our lives could be big. ③In the metaverse, learning process becomes much easier and more interesting. Wearing a VR headset is different from watching a movie. The difference is what scientists call “embodied cognition”. That is, we learn by doing instead of watching, reading or listening. For a lot of the most important learning events in our lives, we actually do something—we walk somewhere or feel something. Similarly, in the metaverse we learn by having such an experience. ④James is a professional basketball player in America. He is on a two-week training program in the metaverse. Every day after he wakes up, he puts on his VR headset to go over his plays and practice in the metaverse. It’s like he’s actually on the sports field. But he is just in his living room, getting practice. “In this way, I improve my basketball skills faster.” says James. ⑤Can you imagine how metaverse technologies help people deal with environmental problems in our real world? One example is a scientific test on the island of Ischia in Italy. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is destroying its ocean (海洋) plants and animals. In the real world, we can’t bring people all over the world to Ischia to show how worse the situation is. To solve this problem, we produce a seven-minute Ischia journey in the metaverse. Now with VR headsets on, we bring Ischia to people. People see for themselves, study on environmental changes and learn to predict what all the oceans on the earth will be like in the future. ⑥Maria is a volunteer to experience the metaverse. After spending 24 hours “living” in the metaverse, she felt very tired. Her eyes and head hurt a lot the minute she took off the VR headset. For her, such a “virtual” experience is less meaningful than a “real” one. ⑦In fact, the metaverse is a tool, like any other media (媒介) such as Wechat, TikTok and Bilibili. It will surely make a difference to how we receive information, which is a big jump in the history of media. ______ Wherever we are, in the real world or in the metaverse, we will continue to be the same humans. To be or not to be, that’s not a question for the metaverse. It’s already on the way. 21. ______ is an example of embodied cognition. A. Doing English homework B. Reading the novel Snow Crash C. Watching a movie KungFu Panda D. Listening to Abing’s Erquan Yingyue 22. The main purpose of the seven-minute Ischia journey is to ______. A. provide a new way of saving people near Ischia B. picture how the ocean environment looked in the past C. show how oceans are destroyed by carbon dioxide D. explain how pollution from Ischia is destroying other areas 23. Which of the following sentences is the best for ______? A. Other media will still be important. B. But many people in the world will not like it. C. It will take several years to change people’s lives. D. But this huge change will not change who we are. 24. The structure of the passage may be ______. A. B. C. D. Passage 7 ①“Drink eight cups of water”. We all heard the advice before. But if you don’t, don’t worry. That advice is probably wrong. A new study found most healthy adults (成年人) drinking eight cups of water a day is unnecessary. But nor is it dangerous. If you do drink eight cups of water you are probably just going to spend more time in the bathroom. ②In fact, this misunderstanding (误解) has something to do with the advice before. Early in 1945, the U.S. National Research Council advised adults to drink about 1.9 liters (升) of water daily. The advice is about a person’s daily intake (摄入) of water from fruit, vegetables and soup. But it is a misunderstanding. Many people believe they should drink eight glasses of water every day. ③So how much water do you need to drink daily? It depends on your age, size, physical activity and the weather in your city. ④Our needs for water are the highest between the ages of 20 and 50. After that, the needs slowly go down. That’s because our metabolism (新陈代谢) slows down after the age of 50 and our needs for water go down, too. ⑤Also, since men usually have larger bodies than women, they need more water. People whose jobs need more physical activities need more water than those who work in the office. And people who live in the place with hot weather need more water than those who live in the place with cold weather. ⑥All in all, most of you don’t have to worry about not having enough water yet. And you don’t really have to work out how much water you need by measuring (测量) in your size and physical activity. Just drink whenever you are thirsty. Water is the best choice. Coffee and tea are fine as well. But try not to have drinks with sugar. They can cause a lot of health problems. 25. Which picture shows the relation between X and Y? X: our age    Y: our needs for water A. B. C. D. 26. Which of the following is the best for the ________? A. The answer is the same all the time. B. The answer may be different from person to person. C. Women need less water than men. D. Adults should drink 2.9 liters water every day. 27. What does the writer want to tell us in this passage? A. People have to drink water and tea to be healthy. B. Different people need different intake of water. C. People should spend time reading studies on water. D. Everyone needs to drink eight cups of water every day. 28. What’s the best structure of the passage ________? A. B. C. D. Passage 8 Have you ever imagined what it would be like to talk to animals? Well, scientists have taken a big step toward making that possible—by having a talk with a whale (鲸鱼)! This amazing story isn’t just about animals; it also makes us think about how we might communicate with life in space. In Alaska, a team of scientists from UC Davis (加利福利亚大学戴维斯分校) and the Alaska Whale Foundation, along with experts who usually search for aliens (外星人), did something amazing. They had a 20-minute “chat” with a whale named Twain. How did they do it? They used special sounds called “contact calls,” which are like saying “hello” in the whale’s language. The scientists played these sounds from their boat into the ocean, and to their surprise, Twain swam close to the boat and started to answer! What’s really cool is that Twain didn’t just make random (随意的) sounds. She answered in a certain way. For example, if the scientists waited 10 seconds before making a sound, Twain would also wait 10 seconds before answering. This shows she was really trying to communicate, not just making noise. This study isn’t just about talking to whales—it also helps scientists think about how we might communicate with intelligent (有智力的) life from other planets. By studying how whales “talk,” researchers believe we can learn how to find and understand aliens if we ever meet them. This exciting discovery reminds us to respect animals and nature. It shows that there are many kinds of intelligent life on Earth, and maybe even in space. It also makes us think about the amazing possibilities of communicating with other forms of life in the universe. Who knows? One day, we might be saying “hello” to creatures from another world! 29. What did the whale Twain do when answering the scientists’ calls? A. She swam away from the boat quickly. B. She waited the same time before answering. C. She copied the scientists’ movements. D. She changed her call type every time. 30. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Twain was swimming and answering randomly. B. Twain was not interested in the sounds at all. C. Twain was actively joining in the communication. D. Twain was following another whale to talk. 31. Why is this study so important? A. Because it shows how to save whales. B. Because it helps to communicate with aliens. C. Because it is a new way to study the ocean. D. Because it shows whales are the smartest animals. 32. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. The Sounds of the Ocean B. Talking to Whales: A New Discovery C. The Life of Whales D. Whales and Alien Communication Passage 9 Gravity is what keeps you on the ground. It pulls you back to the ground when you jump in the air. Without gravity, you would fly into outer space. Gravity pulls everything towards the center of the Earth with a certain amount (数量) of force (力). This amount of force is called weight. You can find the weight of an object (物品) by putting it on the scale. All planets and moons have a force of gravity. Some planets and moons have more gravity than the Earth and some have less. The planet in the solar system with the strongest force of gravity is Jupiter (木星). The Moon is smaller than the Earth. This means that it has less gravity than the Earth. Things will weigh less on the Moon than on the Earth. If you weighed 60 pounds on the Earth, you would weigh about 10 pounds on the Moon! Since there is less gravity on the Moon, people can jump higher there. If you threw a ball on the Moon, it would fly very far. Some planets like Saturn (土星) are much bigger than the Earth. Objects weigh more on these bigger planets. There is more force that pulls things down. On Jupiter, you would weigh about twice as much as you weigh on the Earth. Your arms would weigh twice as much, too! How would it feel to throw a baseball? Some things might be easier to do on the Jupiter. Imagine how fast you could skate down a hill. There would be more gravity pulling you down! 33. Which of the following can best describe the word “scale” in Paragraph 1? A. A way that helps you to lose weight and stay fit. B. A tool that tells you the right size of something. C. A machine that tells you how tall an object is. D. An instrument that shows how heavy a thing is. 34. How much would a man weigh on the Moon if he weighed 120 pounds on the Earth? A. About 20 pounds. B. About 60 pounds. C. About 180 pounds. D. About 720 pounds. 35. What’s the purpose of this passage? A. To introduce some ways to study gravity. B. To imagine humans’ life without gravity. C. To give basic information about gravity. D. To discuss gravity in humans’ daily life. 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 10 Chinese calligraphy (书法) is an art form of writing Chinese characters (汉字), often with a brush and ink (墨) on Xuan paper. The development of Chinese calligraphy began from the Shang Dynasty (16th century—11th century BC) in Anyang, Henan Province, as one way to record dates on animal bones (骨头). Over time, calligraphy slowly took shape as a form of art instead of only a way of record. There are mainly five famous styles: running, cursive, official, seal and regular. Each of them shows its special beauty. Calligraphy is a challenging art. The type of brush, ink and paper can all change the output. From brush inclination (倾斜度) and direction to speed of writing, every turn of the wrist (手腕) is also seriously managed. The structure of every character can influence its quality (质量) as well. Moreover, it is said that the feelings of the writer are shown on calligraphy. Calligraphy is a beautiful art. Lan Ting Xu (the Orchid Pavilion Preface), created by Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317—420), is one of the most famous works of Chinese calligraphy. Its beauty gives it both historical and cultural importance in Chinese culture. ▲ Like the Spring Festival couplets (对联) on the doors, calligraphy can be easily seen in Chinese families. It is also learned as a hobby for both the young and the old. Where there is Chinese language, there is Chinese calligraphy, and where there is calligraphy, there is beauty. The art is still highly valued today, for it is more than just writing, and it is a national treasure. 36. What was the early form of calligraphy used to do? A. Draw pictures. B. Keep diaries. C. Record daily life. D. Record dates. 37. How can you understand the phrase “running, cursive, official, seal and regular” in Paragraph 1 in Chinese? A. 楷书方正善 B. 行云流水意 C. 行草隶篆楷 D. 紫砂笔墨添 38. Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A. Calligraphy is quite useful in our life. B. Calligraphy is not far from our life. C. Calligraphy is popular with the young and the old. D. Calligraphy is the most popular art form now. 39. What can we infer from the passage? A. People from Henan are very good at calligraphy. B. Calligraphy can only be used in Chinese language. C. Wang Xizhi’s feelings are shown on the calligraphy of Lan Ting Xu. D. Wang Xizhi was hardworking and practiced calligraphy every day. 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 11 ①A Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft with three taikonauts was successfully sent into space on April 25th from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch (发射) Center in Northwest China. ②The taikonauts are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, with Ye as the leader. It is Ye’s second time to go to space within 3 years. And this is Li Cong and Li Guangsu’s first space flight. ③This launch has a lot of breakthroughs (突破). First of all, launching in April is really challenging. April is famous for being very windy and sandy in the center. So, experts carefully planned the best time to launch according to the April wind speed data from the last 10 years. Secondly, there have been greater technological developments in both the spacecraft and the rocket to improve safety. Another big change worth mentioning is the new battery (电池) for the spacecraft. It is lighter and can work longer. ④The three taikonauts will have many tasks during their stay. More than 90 experiments (实验) covering areas such as material science, life science and medicine will be done in space. ⑤A very special task is to raise zebrafish in space. They will create a simple ecosystem to study how the space environment affects (影响) their growth and system balance. If the experiment succeeds, it will be an important breakthrough in keeping vertebrates (脊椎动物) in China’s space program. ⑥Moreover, they will also learn how plants change and get used to the environment by doing the first-ever stem cell (干细胞) study in space. This will help to choose proper vegetables for space farming. ⑦Besides these experiments, the taikonauts will do two or three space walks. And they will further keep the safety of the space station. ⑧Exploring space is not just a dream for our country. We are making new achievements, showing the world that China is becoming stronger and stronger. And we are sure the Shenzhou-18 crew will do well, although the tasks have become more complicated and harder. 40. If you want to add a paragraph about “stories of the three taikonauts”, where can you put it? A. After Para.2. B. After Para.3. C. After Para.4. D. After Para.5. 41. The breakthroughs of this launch include ________. ①launch in April    ②use of the new battery ③changes in wind speed    ④developments in technology A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②④ D. ②③④ 42. What can we infer from the passage? A. This is the first space flight for these three taikonauts in China. B. Taikonauts may not need to take vegetables to space in the future. C. The taikonauts will be able to keep any animal they like in space. D. More than 90 experiments will be done during the space journey. 43. Which of the following can best show the structure of this passage? A. B. C. D. Passage 12 ①Since ancient time, there have been a lot of stories of talking trees that can talk to people or sometimes provide people with advice. These trees are commonly described as slow-moving and smart. According to a book named Finding the Mother Tree, trees are able-to communicate and care for each other. In movies like Avatar, trees can communicate with not only humans but also animals.   ②Now scientists seem to find something interesting: plants can really “talk”.   ③According to the scientists, plants talk by using chemicals(化学物质). This happens when a plant feels that it is in dangerous situations like insect attacks (虫类袭击). When insects eat the leaves, the leaves give out chemicals. This is the plant’s way of calling “Help! Help!” Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others can invite the wasps (胡蜂)! The wasps give the trees a hand by killing the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about ▲ so that we can grow more food for people with less trouble from insects.   ④What is even more surprising is that plants also use sound to talk to each other but these sounds are either too high or too low for humans to hear. Some plants, such as corn and chili peppers, make noises with their roots. Trees make clicking noises when they need water.   ⑤Most surprisingly of all, plants can join other plants near them through an underground network. Scientists call it the “wood wide web”. With this web, plants can share messages and even share food. However, plants may also use it to take too much food from others or give illness to other plants. Scientists hope to find a “firewall” to help keep the plant network safe and healthy.   ⑥In short, plants can “talk” in unbelievable ways! These findings connect old stories with real science, helping us grow food and protect nature in better ways. Who knows what will happen? Maybe one day we will understand plants well enough to be able to have a real conversation with them in our gardens. The quiet world of plants is full of secrets! 44. How does the writer start the passage? A. By listing numbers. B. By sharing news. C. By telling stories. D. By giving examples. 45. Which of the following can be put in “___▲___”? A. how plants grow fast B. how plants call for help C. how plants kill insects D. how plants invite wasps 46. What can we infer from the passage? A. When trees are in danger, they can use chemicals to talk. B. Neither humans nor animals can hear the sounds of plants. C. There will be studies about improving the wood wide web. D. The writer doesn’t believe that plants can talk with humans. 47. What is the best structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. Passage 13 ①Plastic waste (塑料垃圾) is a main environmental problem. It stays in nature for hundreds of years, hurting animals, oceans, and the environment. Millions of animals are affected every year, and “plastic islands” in the oceans continue to grow. However, scientists have recently found a possible solution-some special plants and fungi (真菌) have the ability to “eat” plastic. ②In one experiment (实验), scientists put a plastic bottle with some fungi in a box. After several weeks, the fungi made special chemicals (化学物质) that broke down the plastic into small pieces. By the end of the experiment, most of the bottle was gone, leaving only safe things like water and air. This experiment shows the ability of fungi to help solve the problem of plastic pollution. ③Scientists also found other fungi and small living things in forests and mountains that can break down plastic. These small living things thrive in difficult environments, the large number of which makes them good at breaking down hard plastic. ④This finding could change how we deal with plastic. Our old ways like recycling (回收) cost too much and don’t work well enough. Using plants and fungi would be cheaper and better for the environment than factories. ⑤However, there are still problems. We need to grow enough of these plastic-eating fungi and make sure they don’t hurt nature at the same time. Besides, scientists must study more to make them work in natural environments. ⑥Even with these problems, the future is still hopeful. Special farms could be set up in oceans and polluted areas to grow these fungi and plants. This could work better because the number of them is big and they can break down plastic waste better and faster. ⑦If we can use these special fungi to “eat” plastic, we might solve the pollution problems and make the Earth cleaner. Scientists are still studying how we can use fungi to fight plastic pollution in the future. 48. What did the scientists find according to Paragraph 2? A. Fungi can break plastic. B. Plastic pollution is hard to solve. C. People should use fungi instead of plastic. D. There are different kinds of plastic waste. 49. In which sentence does “thrive” have the same meaning as in Paragraph 3? A. Some plants thrive in dry places with little water. B. Children thrive when they get enough love and care. C. The music festival thrives on creative performances. D. The business began to thrive after making new products. 50. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 51. What might the writer discuss next? A. Ways to make the Earth clean. B. Different experiments scientists did. C. The future use of plastic-eating fungi. D. Other ways to solve plastic pollution. Passage 14 ①In the crowded waiting area of a hospital, a man holds a paper filled with medical data (数据). The numbers on it mean little to him. Taking a deep breath, he opens DeepSeek. Within seconds, DeepSeek offers easy-to-understand analyses that match well with a medical professional’s. He feels better afterward. ②Just like this man using DeepSeek to understand his results, many people are turning to AI tools in their daily lives. AI is changing the way we interact with the world. ③AI is changing many areas of our lives. In healthcare, AI can quickly analyze medical data to help doctors make early diagnoses. In business, AI helps companies improve their operations, predict market changes and help customers. By taking care of repetitive tasks, AI allows people to focus on more important work. ④AI is also helping to create new ways of doing things. In art and music, AI is being used to produce pieces that connect human creativity with machine support. AI tools help writers, designers, and filmmakers by offering ideas, writing drafts, and even predicting what people will enjoy. Additionally, AI can process large amounts of information to provide useful insights. ⑤While AI brings many benefits, it also has its shortcomings. One concern is job replacement (代替), as AI can take over repetitive tasks, causing job losses in industries like customer service. Another one is in education. Students might misuse AI tools to cheat by copying answers. This will have a negative influence on their learning. Furthermore, AI systems raise privacy concerns. They may collect and analyze personal data without full consent. ⑥The future of AI depends on how we manage and use it. By continuing to have open discussions and focusing on ethical (道德的) use, we can make sure AI benefits society while reducing its risks. 52. The writer starts the passage by ________. A. asking a question B. showing a scene C. listing numbers D. giving a definition (定义) 53. The tone of the passage is ________. A. emotional B. humorous C. objective (客观的) D. critical (批评的) 54. According to the passage, we can infer that ________. A. AI should be carefully developed, used and managed B. AI helps students by stopping them from cheating C. AI will replace doctors or teachers in the future D. AI may work out all the problems for humans one day 55. The best structure of the passage is ________. A. ①/②③④⑤/⑥ B. ①②/③④/⑤⑥ C. ①/②③④/⑤⑥ D. ①②/③④/⑤/⑥ Passage 15 ①In our everyday life, we often have such an experience: when we want to eat but we are busy, we fight against the hunger. But when we have been hungry for a long time, we find that we aren’t hungry any longer. ②Why are people hungry? From the scientific study, for energy (能量), the food we eat is changed into glucose (葡萄糖) and we feel hungry because we don’t have enough sugar. Our bodies can feel how much glucose there is in the blood. When there is no enough glucose, a person will feel hungry. Hunger is not caused by having less food in the stomach, but the changes in glucose levels (水平). So when we are hungry, we don’t have to have meals. ③When we are hungry for a long time, why won’t we continue feeling hungry? In fact, the spare (空余的) glucose can be stored (被储存). When we can’t eat for reasons, ▲ . When it arrives at some situation, our bodies will give us a message: glucose is enough. So we don’t feel hungry anymore. ④Is it OK not to eat when you’ve been hungry for a long time? Of course not! This is bad for one’s body. When someone runs out of the stored energy, the body will break down fat (分解脂肪) to provide itself with energy. During the process, the person will feel dizzy (眩晕). If worse, the protein (蛋白质) also starts to break down, and we will be in danger. ⑤For busy people, you’d better always take some candies with you. If you have been hungry for too long, you mustn’t give up eating! Start with a piece of candy. 56. According to the passage, we feel hungry because ________. A. we take too much exercise B. there is less food in our stomach C. the glucose in our bodies is not enough D. we don’t eat on time because of being busy 57. Which of the following sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A. our bodies will take in some energy B. our bodies will keep hungry for a long time C. our bodies will try to make glucose by themselves D. our bodies will change these stored glucose into energy 58. The writer starts the fourth paragraph (段落) by ________. A. giving an example B. asking a question C. telling a story D. explaining a fact 59. The structure (结构) of the passage may be ________. (①=Paragraph1 ②=Paragraph2 ③=Paragraph3 ④=Paragraph4 ⑤=Paragraph5) A. B. C. D. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 Chinese shadow puppetry, or shadow play, is probably one of the most ancient arts using light and shadow. It is a mix of many art forms, including painting, music, opera performance and story-telling. In 2011, it was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Shadow puppetry can be found all over China, especially in rural areas. Performances often take place in community centers, village squares, and during local festivals, where families gather to enjoy the shows. Traditional theaters showcase these captivating art forms, while portable (便携的) puppet stages allow performances in parks and public spaces, making shadow puppetry accessible (易得到的) to all. More than 2,000 years ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very upset about the death of his favorite concubine (妃子). One day, a minister happened to see children playing with dolls, whose shadows were vivid (生动的) on the floor. Then he had an idea—he made a puppet of the concubine. As night fell, he invited the emperor to watch a puppet show. This story is believed to be the origin of shadow puppetry. Shadow puppetry was widely performed in the Tang Dynasty, and was introduced into West Asian and European countries during the Yuan Dynasty. The art form met its heyday (全盛期) in the Qing Dynasty, when the puppetry was performed in almost every province. The puppetry was also performed in many celebrations, such as weddings. There were even plays in a series, which were shown in the same form as today’s TV dramas. Such plays could be performed for over half a month. However, making the puppets is not an easy job. They are mostly made of the leather (皮革) of animals, such as cattle and sheep. That’s why their Chinese name is pi ying, which means shadows of leather. The body parts of the puppets are cut separately and then joined (连接) together. During the performances, puppeteers hold the puppets with sticks connected to their most important joints, so that the puppets could be shown as “moving images” on the screens. They could sometimes be as vivid as living creatures. No wonder Chinese shadow puppetry is also known as the “forefather of the films”. 1. In which dynasty was shadow puppetry introduced to areas outside China? A. Han Dynasty. B. Tang Dynasty. C. Song Dynasty. D. Yuan Dynasty. 2. Which step is NOT part of making traditional shadow puppets? A. Using animal leather like cattle or sheep. B. Cutting leather into separate body parts. C. Holding the puppet to make them move freely. D. Joining the parts with sticks for movement. 3. What can we infer (推断) about shadow puppetry? A. It has been one of Intangible Cultural Heritages for 14 years. B. The minister made the puppet because the emperor enjoyed playing with dolls. C. Shadow puppetry was performed only in rural provinces. D. The development of films may be inspired (受启发) by shadow puppetry. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? 1 Introduction 2 areas 3 Origin (起源) 4 Development 5 Craftsmanship (制作工艺) A. B. C. D. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 【来源】重庆市两江巴蜀初级中学校2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中测试英语试题 【知识点】说明文、传统工艺 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种传统的中国民间戏剧形式——皮影戏。 1. 细节理解题。根据“and was introduced into West Asian and European countries during the Yuan Dynasty”可知，在元代，皮影戏传入西亚和欧洲国家。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“During the performances, puppeteers hold the puppets with sticks connected to their most important joints, so that the puppets could be shown as ‘moving images’ on the screens”可知，握住木偶，让木偶自由移动，这属于表演环节，不是制作环节。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据“No wonder Chinese shadow puppetry is also known as the ‘forefather of the films’.”可推知，电影的发展可能受到皮影戏的启发，A项属于事实，B项和C项表述错误。故选D。 4. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入皮影戏及其地位；第二段介绍皮影戏的分布，第三段和第四段介绍皮影戏的起源和发展，第五段介绍皮影的制作工艺。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——运动与健康 Passage 2 ①Today, young people spend about six hours a day in front of a TV or a computer and less than four minutes playing outdoors (户外). It is not healthy for people’s mind and body when they spend more time playing with their computers or watching TV but not outdoors. ②Some health experts call green time “vitamin G”. Kids who don’t get outdoors much seem to have trouble in school, because being outdoors excites the mind more than sitting around indoors. Even people who usually spend a lot of time outdoors find a difference when they don’t get green time. Some people say, “I feel more tired when I don’t get outdoors.” ③Experts believe the good things of green time come from the outdoor activities such as running or boating. Exercise makes something special in brain. It can improve learning, feeling, and sleep. It also helps with learning by increasing (提升) connections (联系) between nerve cells (神经细胞). They are very important for learning and memory. Some schools have classes outside for those reasons. Mary Smith, a middle school student, says she believes the outdoor activities help her think and make her learn more carefully. Learning in a forest helps her become more interesting in art, too. ④And even doctors give their patients (病人) some vitamin G to help them to get better. Miller writes “park prescriptions (处方)” for her patients because she says, “Being outdoors is good for health.” She finds that when she gives patients park prescriptions, they seem to continue with them. ⑤Getting outdoors can be simple, just like calling together your family to go for a walk. All it takes is five minutes or more of green time: Get outside, and get your vitamin G! 5. Which of the following activity is an example of “vitamin G”? A. Watching TV at home. B. Reading books in the library. C. Walking in a park. D. Studying in the classroom. 6. Experts and doctors may agree that _______. A. kids without green time are easy to have trouble in school B. people who get outdoors a lot may feel the same indoors C. exercise improves learning by increasing the number of cells D. vitamin G is not helpful for many patients 7. The writer writes the passage in order to _______. A. ask people to eat more vitamins to keep healthy B. make people to buy vitamin G as much as possible C. tell people to get less green time and stay at home more D. encourage (鼓励) people to do more activities outside. 8. What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 【来源】重庆市龙水湖育才中学2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题 【知识点】健康与运动、科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，聚焦当下年轻人户外活动时间少的现状，引入“绿色时间”概念并将其类比为“维生素 G”，阐述户外时间不足对学习、精神状态的不良影响；接着从专家研究、学校实践、医生处方等角度，说明户外活动（如跑步、划船等）能通过促进大脑神经细胞连接，改善学习、情绪、睡眠，助力健康与康复；最后呼吁人们走出户外，哪怕短暂接触自然，获取“维生素 G”，鼓励大家增加户外活动。 5. 细节理解题。根据“Some health experts call green time ‘vitamin G’... Experts believe the good things of green time come from the outdoor activity such as running or boating.”可知，文中把户外活动时间类比成 “vitamin G”，“Walking in a park” 属于户外活动。故选C。 6. 细节理解题。根据“Kids who don’t get outdoors much seem to have trouble in school, because being outdoors excites the mind more than sitting around indoors.” 可知，专家们和医生们可能会同意户外时间少的孩子在学校易遇困难这一观点。故选A。 7. 推理判断题。文章围绕户外“绿色时间”对身心的益处展开，从现状、原理到呼吁，由此推断本文的目的是鼓励人们多进行户外活动。故选D。 8. 篇章结构题。文章①段引出年轻人户外活动少及不良影响，提出“绿色时间”概念；②③段从专家观点、学校实践等，讲户外活动对学习、大脑的积极作用；④段借医生开“公园处方”说明户外对健康康复的助力；⑤段总结呼吁大家走出户外。整体是“总起→多方面阐述益处→呼吁行动”结构，对应D选项。故选D。 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 3 Drones (无人机) are a kind of machine that can fly. They are becoming more and more popular and are widely used in many areas. people use a computer to control this flying machine. Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures and following animals that are in danger. Some people say this special machine will change our life as much as the computer does. In Brazil, farmers use drones to watch their crops (庄稼). Brazil have quite a few large farms. On these farms, people find it difficult to look after all the crops. Drones can help farmers to find out if the crops are ill. They also help farmers use fewer farm chemicals. This can improve the environment and save much money. Drones can also help to find lost people. If people are lost and far from home, police can use drones to find them. A 92-year-old man in Virginia was lost and had to spend a night in the woods. Luckily, the Drone found him in 20 minutes. He was finally saved by the police. Drones can even serve people coffee. The US company IBM has made this kind of job, it can carry coffee to those in need. The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by Studying a person. Then’s habits. Then, the drone will fly to the person. There is a special device (设备) under the drone. It helps the drone to give people the coffee. The drone can also predict when someone needs their next cup of coffee. 9. How does the writer tell us the wide use of drones in Paragraph 1? A. By giving examples. B. By listing numbers. C. By answering questions. D. By using famous sayings. 10. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Drones are more useful than computers. B. Drones don’t need anyone to control them. C. Drones can look for things that are lost. D. Drones can help people look after the crops. 11. How many things drones can help us do are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 12. What is the right structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. D 12. D 【来源】重庆市南川区三校联盟2024-2025学年八年级下学期5月联合诊断（期中）英语试题 【知识点】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文主要介绍了无人机的广泛应用及其在不同领域的功能。 9. 细节理解题 根据文章第1段“Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures and following animals that are in danger.”可知，作者通过举例说明无人机的广泛应用。故选A。 10. 细节理解题。根据第2段“Drones can help farmers…look after all the crops”可知，无人机帮助农民照看庄稼。故选D。 11. 细节理解题。第一段“Drones can do many things for us, like carrying things, taking pictures and following animals that are in danger.”是3件；第二段“In Brazil, farmers use drones to watch their crops... help farmers use fewer farm chemicals”是1件；第三段“Drones can also help to find lost people”是1件；第四段“Drones can even serve people coffee”是1件。总共3+1+1+1= 6。故选D。 12. 篇章结构题。文章第一段总述无人机应用广泛，第二、三、四段分别从农业、找失踪人员、送咖啡等方面分述，是“总-分”结构。故选D。 Passage 4 Are you troubled by housework, such as cleaning tables or tidying your room? It’s said that some new AI robots could be here to help! Recently (近来), the robot Mobile Aloha made by scientists at Stanford University in the US became popular online. In the videos, we can see the robot preparing dishes by itself, from cutting vegetables to cracking (打破) eggs. It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, sweeping the floor, folding the clothes and taking care of children. It even knows how to shake the pillow (枕头) after putting it into a pillowcase (枕套). Sounds good? Well, ▲ Actually(实际上), it isn’t good at doing housework on its own. Instead, it learns from human actions (人类行为) before doing each kind of housework. When the situation changes, it can’t work well without a human “teaching” it. So it may break dishes, bump into (撞上) things and even burn a pot. What’s more, Mobile Aloha can successfully move chairs 80 percent of the time, said the team after they did more research (研究) on it. For cooking dishes, it’s only 40 percent. For looking after babies, it’s even worse. In short, it’s far from perfect. In fact, AI robots are good at tasks such as math and playing chess, but they face challenges (挑战) when it comes to simpler actions like cleaning, washing or cooking. And it’s the same for Mobile Aloha. For example, if its body doesn’t move correctly-even just with a small deviation (偏差), its arm may move too far to pick up a glass. “Robots are not ready to take over (控制，接管) the world,” the team posted on X. 13. The robot Mobile Aloha is good at ________. A. sweeping the floor B. folding the clothes C. taking care of children D. A, B and C 14. Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A. Mobile Aloha can be used to do some high-tech work, too. B. a research shows that humans do these chores better than robots. C. AI robots will also meet some problems when they help around the house. D. another video about Mobile Aloha may disappoint (使失望) some people. 15. Which of following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 16. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Robots May Not Be So Helpful B. Robots May Take Human’s Place C. Robots—A Good Housework Helper D. Robots Are Ready to Shine 【答案】13. D 14. D 15. A 16. A 【来源】 重庆市开州区文峰教育集团 2024-2025学年八年级下学期4月期中英语试题 【知识点】发明与创造、科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了斯坦福大学研发的AI机器人Mobile Aloha在家务方面的表现及其局限性，指出其仍需人类指导且远未达到完美水平。 13. 细节理解题。 根据“It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, sweeping the floor, folding the clothes and taking care of children.”可知，Mobile Aloha擅长扫地、叠衣服和照顾孩子。选项D涵盖了所有正确项。故选D。 14. 推理判断题。空格前文描述机器人看似能干，后文转折指出其实际表现不佳。需填入与“理想与现实差距”相关的句子。选项D“另一个关于Mobile Aloha的视频可能会让一些人失望”最符合上下文转折逻辑，暗示实际表现不如宣传。故选D。 15. 篇章结构题。文章先引出机器人能帮助做家务的话题(第①段)，接着介绍Mobile Aloha的能力(第②段)，然后指出它在实际操作中遇到的问题 (第③④⑤段)，最后总结AI机器人在某些任务上的局限性 (第⑥段)。选项A正确地反映了这一结构。故选A。 16. 最佳标题题。全文围绕Mobile Aloha家务能力的局限性展开，选项A“机器人可能没那么有用”准确概括主旨。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 5 ①Noise-canceling headphones (降噪耳机) can bring you a quiet world, but using them for too long might be bad for your brain (大脑), according to The New York Post. ②Doctors say that more young people now face “ear problems”, such as difficulty understanding speech or needing subtitles (字幕) for videos. Surprisingly, their ears are healthy—the real problem is their brains! ③This problem is known as Auditory Processing Disorder (APD). People with APD can hear sounds, but their brains have trouble understanding them. For example, imagine trying to listen to a friend in a noisy room—you hear their voice but can’t understand the words clearly. ④To work well, our brains need to choose which sounds to focus on (专注于) or ignore (忽略). “We get the skill when hearing different sounds. If not, we can lose this skill.” The doctors also added that wearing these headphones creates a “false (虚假的) environment” where you only hear what you want. This makes it easier for your brain, so it doesn’t have to work hard and becomes “lazy”. ⑤How do these headphones work? ⑥Noise travels in waves (波) through air and water. Noise-canceling headphones stop these waves in two ways: One is to use things like special ear cups. The other is to use a microphone (麦克风) to send out special sound waves that stop the noise by fighting against it. ⑦This technology can be harmful (有害的) if you use it too much. However, it is still helpful for people working in noisy places. ⑧Tips on protecting (保护) your ears: ●Only use noise-canceling headphones for two or three hours each day. ●Every hour, take a break from using the headphones. ●Try not to use these headphones in crowded places, especially when you are outside or near traffic. 17. What is Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)? A. A problem with ear health. B. Difficulty hearing any sounds. C. Trouble understanding sounds. D. An illness caused by traffic noise. 18. Which of the following is NOT a safe (安全) way to use headphones? A. Using them for 2.5 hours every day. B. Taking breaks every hour. C. Stopping using them near traffic. D. Using them when shopping outside. 19. What is the writer’s main purpose (目的) in this article? A. To introduce how noise-canceling headphones work in noisy places. B. To explain the importance of protecting ears with noise-canceling headphones. C. To offer advice on how to use noise-canceling headphones in a right way. D. To ask more people not to use noise-canceling headphones in noisy places. 20. What’s the best structure (结构) of this passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】17. C 18. D 19. C 20. D 【来源】重庆第二外国语学校2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题 【知识点】科学技术、说明文、意见/建议 【导语】本文主要讲述了降噪耳机对大脑的潜在影响以及如何正确使用它们来保护听力健康。 17. 细节理解题。根据第三段“People with APD can hear sounds, but their brains have trouble understanding them.”可知，APD是指能听到声音但难以理解声音内容的问题。故选C。 18. 细节理解题。根据第八段的安全使用建议“Try not to use these headphones in crowded places, especially when you are outside or near traffic.”可知，在户外拥挤场所（如逛街时）使用耳机是不安全的。故选D。 19. 主旨大意题。全文先介绍降噪耳机可能引发的大脑问题（APD），再说明其工作原理，最后给出合理使用建议。综合来看，主要目的是指导正确使用降噪耳机。故选C。 20. 篇章结构题。文章结构为：第一二段提出问题；第三四解释APD以及分析原因；第五六七段解释耳机是如何工作的；第八段给出解决方案（使用建议）。故选D Passage 6 ①The metaverse (元宇宙) has been a hot topic recently. The word “Metaverse” comes from a science fiction novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson in 1992. It refers to a 3D virtual reality (虚拟现实). In this world, we have digital versions (数字版本) of ourselves which are called avatars. The best way to visit the metaverse is through VR headsets. ②Visiting the metaverse is like playing a game called World of Warcraft (魔兽世界), where we can choose our own avatars. In the metaverse, we can do almost everything such as getting together with friends, learning and playing. Its value to our lives could be big. ③In the metaverse, learning process becomes much easier and more interesting. Wearing a VR headset is different from watching a movie. The difference is what scientists call “embodied cognition”. That is, we learn by doing instead of watching, reading or listening. For a lot of the most important learning events in our lives, we actually do something—we walk somewhere or feel something. Similarly, in the metaverse we learn by having such an experience. ④James is a professional basketball player in America. He is on a two-week training program in the metaverse. Every day after he wakes up, he puts on his VR headset to go over his plays and practice in the metaverse. It’s like he’s actually on the sports field. But he is just in his living room, getting practice. “In this way, I improve my basketball skills faster.” says James. ⑤Can you imagine how metaverse technologies help people deal with environmental problems in our real world? One example is a scientific test on the island of Ischia in Italy. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is destroying its ocean (海洋) plants and animals. In the real world, we can’t bring people all over the world to Ischia to show how worse the situation is. To solve this problem, we produce a seven-minute Ischia journey in the metaverse. Now with VR headsets on, we bring Ischia to people. People see for themselves, study on environmental changes and learn to predict what all the oceans on the earth will be like in the future. ⑥Maria is a volunteer to experience the metaverse. After spending 24 hours “living” in the metaverse, she felt very tired. Her eyes and head hurt a lot the minute she took off the VR headset. For her, such a “virtual” experience is less meaningful than a “real” one. ⑦In fact, the metaverse is a tool, like any other media (媒介) such as Wechat, TikTok and Bilibili. It will surely make a difference to how we receive information, which is a big jump in the history of media. ______ Wherever we are, in the real world or in the metaverse, we will continue to be the same humans. To be or not to be, that’s not a question for the metaverse. It’s already on the way. 21. ______ is an example of embodied cognition. A. Doing English homework B. Reading the novel Snow Crash C. Watching a movie KungFu Panda D. Listening to Abing’s Erquan Yingyue 22. The main purpose of the seven-minute Ischia journey is to ______. A. provide a new way of saving people near Ischia B. picture how the ocean environment looked in the past C. show how oceans are destroyed by carbon dioxide D. explain how pollution from Ischia is destroying other areas 23. Which of the following sentences is the best for ______? A. Other media will still be important. B. But many people in the world will not like it. C. It will take several years to change people’s lives. D. But this huge change will not change who we are. 24. The structure of the passage may be ______. A. B. C. D. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 【来源】重庆市杨家坪中学教育集团2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试卷 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了元宇宙的相关知识。 21. 推理判断题。根据“The difference is what scientists call ‘embodied cognition’. That is, we learn by doing instead of watching, reading or listening.”可知，具身认知指通过亲身实践而非单纯地看、读或听来学习。A选项中的“做英语作业”属于“具身认知”。故选A。 22. 推理判断题。根据“One example is a scientific test on the island of Ischia in Italy. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is destroying its ocean (海洋) plants and animals.”以及“In the real world, we can’t bring people all over the world to Ischia to show how worse the situation is. To solve this problem, we produce a seven-minute Ischia journey in the metaverse.”可知，七分钟的伊斯基亚之旅的主要目的是展示海洋是如何被二氧化碳破坏的。故选C。 23. 推理判断题。根据“In fact, the metaverse is a tool, like any other media (媒介) such as Wechat, TikTok and Bilibili. It will surely make a difference to how we receive information, which is a big jump in the history of media.”可知，文章提到了“它必然会在信息接收方式上带来重大变化，但不影响我们作为人本身的身份”，紧接着说“不管我们在现实世界还是在元宇宙，我们依旧是人类自己”。D选项“但这个巨大的变化不会改变我们的本性”符合语境， 故选D。 24. 篇章结构题。第一段是引进“元宇宙”一词，总领全文；第二段是简单介绍元宇宙的用途；第三段是介绍在元宇宙中，学习过程变得更加容易和有趣；第四、五、六段承接第三段，举例说明在元宇宙中，我们通过拥有这样的经验是如何学习的；第七段介绍元宇宙会改变我们接收信息的方式，但是不会改变我们的本性。故选C。 Passage 7 ①“Drink eight cups of water”. We all heard the advice before. But if you don’t, don’t worry. That advice is probably wrong. A new study found most healthy adults (成年人) drinking eight cups of water a day is unnecessary. But nor is it dangerous. If you do drink eight cups of water you are probably just going to spend more time in the bathroom. ②In fact, this misunderstanding (误解) has something to do with the advice before. Early in 1945, the U.S. National Research Council advised adults to drink about 1.9 liters (升) of water daily. The advice is about a person’s daily intake (摄入) of water from fruit, vegetables and soup. But it is a misunderstanding. Many people believe they should drink eight glasses of water every day. ③So how much water do you need to drink daily? It depends on your age, size, physical activity and the weather in your city. ④Our needs for water are the highest between the ages of 20 and 50. After that, the needs slowly go down. That’s because our metabolism (新陈代谢) slows down after the age of 50 and our needs for water go down, too. ⑤Also, since men usually have larger bodies than women, they need more water. People whose jobs need more physical activities need more water than those who work in the office. And people who live in the place with hot weather need more water than those who live in the place with cold weather. ⑥All in all, most of you don’t have to worry about not having enough water yet. And you don’t really have to work out how much water you need by measuring (测量) in your size and physical activity. Just drink whenever you are thirsty. Water is the best choice. Coffee and tea are fine as well. But try not to have drinks with sugar. They can cause a lot of health problems. 25. Which picture shows the relation between X and Y? X: our age    Y: our needs for water A. B. C. D. 26. Which of the following is the best for the ________? A. The answer is the same all the time. B. The answer may be different from person to person. C. Women need less water than men. D. Adults should drink 2.9 liters water every day. 27. What does the writer want to tell us in this passage? A. People have to drink water and tea to be healthy. B. Different people need different intake of water. C. People should spend time reading studies on water. D. Everyone needs to drink eight cups of water every day. 28. What’s the best structure of the passage ________? A. B. C. D. 【答案】25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 【来源】重庆市巴川中学2024-2025学年下学期八年级期中考试英语试题 【知识点】健康饮食、科普知识、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过科学研究反驳了“每天必须喝八杯水”的普遍建议，指出每日需水量因人而异，并详细分析了年龄、性别、活动量及气候等因素对需水量的影响。 25. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Our needs for water are the highest between the ages of 20 and 50. After that, the needs slowly go down.”可知，需水量在20-50岁达到最高，之后逐渐下降，符合选项C中的图像趋势。故选C。 26. 推理判断题。根据上下文“What depends on your age, size...”可知，空处应表示“答案因人而异”。故选B。 27. 主旨大意题。文章通过解释误解和提供影响饮水需求的因素，告诉我们不同人对水的摄入量是不同的。故选B。 28. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第1段提出“每天八杯水”的建议可能并不准确；第2段说明这一说法的来源及其被误解的原因；第3段开始指出饮水量应因人而异，随后第4和第5段从年龄、身体大小、活动强度以及气候等方面具体说明影响饮水需求的因素；第6段对全文进行总结，建议根据口渴与否决定饮水，并避免含糖饮料。由此可见，A选项所示结构与文章内容相符。故选A。 Passage 8 Have you ever imagined what it would be like to talk to animals? Well, scientists have taken a big step toward making that possible—by having a talk with a whale (鲸鱼)! This amazing story isn’t just about animals; it also makes us think about how we might communicate with life in space. In Alaska, a team of scientists from UC Davis (加利福利亚大学戴维斯分校) and the Alaska Whale Foundation, along with experts who usually search for aliens (外星人), did something amazing. They had a 20-minute “chat” with a whale named Twain. How did they do it? They used special sounds called “contact calls,” which are like saying “hello” in the whale’s language. The scientists played these sounds from their boat into the ocean, and to their surprise, Twain swam close to the boat and started to answer! What’s really cool is that Twain didn’t just make random (随意的) sounds. She answered in a certain way. For example, if the scientists waited 10 seconds before making a sound, Twain would also wait 10 seconds before answering. This shows she was really trying to communicate, not just making noise. This study isn’t just about talking to whales—it also helps scientists think about how we might communicate with intelligent (有智力的) life from other planets. By studying how whales “talk,” researchers believe we can learn how to find and understand aliens if we ever meet them. This exciting discovery reminds us to respect animals and nature. It shows that there are many kinds of intelligent life on Earth, and maybe even in space. It also makes us think about the amazing possibilities of communicating with other forms of life in the universe. Who knows? One day, we might be saying “hello” to creatures from another world! 29. What did the whale Twain do when answering the scientists’ calls? A. She swam away from the boat quickly. B. She waited the same time before answering. C. She copied the scientists’ movements. D. She changed her call type every time. 30. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Twain was swimming and answering randomly. B. Twain was not interested in the sounds at all. C. Twain was actively joining in the communication. D. Twain was following another whale to talk. 31. Why is this study so important? A. Because it shows how to save whales. B. Because it helps to communicate with aliens. C. Because it is a new way to study the ocean. D. Because it shows whales are the smartest animals. 32. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. The Sounds of the Ocean B. Talking to Whales: A New Discovery C. The Life of Whales D. Whales and Alien Communication 【答案】29. B 30. C 31. B 32. B 【来源】重庆第二外国语学校2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文讲述了科学家与鲸鱼进行交流的突破性研究，并探讨了这一发现对与外星生命沟通的潜在意义。 29. 细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, if the scientists waited 10 seconds before making a sound, Twain would also wait 10 seconds before answering.”可知，Twain会等待相同的时间再回应。故选B。 30. 细节理解题。根据第三段“This shows she was really trying to communicate, not just making noise.”可知，Twain是在积极参与交流，而非随机回应。故选C。 31. 细节理解题。根据第四段“it also helps scientists think about how we might communicate with intelligent life from other planets.”可知，这项研究有助于与外星生命交流。故选B。 32. 最佳标题题。全文围绕科学家与鲸鱼Twain的交流实验展开，强调这项突破性研究发现，因此“Talking to Whales: A New Discovery”最贴合主题。故选B。 Passage 9 Gravity is what keeps you on the ground. It pulls you back to the ground when you jump in the air. Without gravity, you would fly into outer space. Gravity pulls everything towards the center of the Earth with a certain amount (数量) of force (力). This amount of force is called weight. You can find the weight of an object (物品) by putting it on the scale. All planets and moons have a force of gravity. Some planets and moons have more gravity than the Earth and some have less. The planet in the solar system with the strongest force of gravity is Jupiter (木星). The Moon is smaller than the Earth. This means that it has less gravity than the Earth. Things will weigh less on the Moon than on the Earth. If you weighed 60 pounds on the Earth, you would weigh about 10 pounds on the Moon! Since there is less gravity on the Moon, people can jump higher there. If you threw a ball on the Moon, it would fly very far. Some planets like Saturn (土星) are much bigger than the Earth. Objects weigh more on these bigger planets. There is more force that pulls things down. On Jupiter, you would weigh about twice as much as you weigh on the Earth. Your arms would weigh twice as much, too! How would it feel to throw a baseball? Some things might be easier to do on the Jupiter. Imagine how fast you could skate down a hill. There would be more gravity pulling you down! 33. Which of the following can best describe the word “scale” in Paragraph 1? A. A way that helps you to lose weight and stay fit. B. A tool that tells you the right size of something. C. A machine that tells you how tall an object is. D. An instrument that shows how heavy a thing is. 34. How much would a man weigh on the Moon if he weighed 120 pounds on the Earth? A. About 20 pounds. B. About 60 pounds. C. About 180 pounds. D. About 720 pounds. 35. What’s the purpose of this passage? A. To introduce some ways to study gravity. B. To imagine humans’ life without gravity. C. To give basic information about gravity. D. To discuss gravity in humans’ daily life. 【答案】33. D 34. A 35. C 【来源】重庆西南大学附属中学校2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试卷 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了重力的基本概念及其在不同天体上的表现。 33. 词义猜测题。根据“This amount of force is called weight. ”和“ You can find the weight of an object (物品) ”可知，scale是用来测量物体重量的工具，D选项符合。故选D。 34. 推理判断题。根据“If you weighed 60 pounds on the Earth, you would weigh about 10 pounds on the Moon.”可推算出，地球与月球上的重量比例约为6:1。因此，120磅在地球上的人在月球上约重20磅。故选A。 35. 主旨大意题。全文通过介绍重力的定义、测量方式、在不同星球的表现等内容，提供了关于重力的基本信息。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 10 Chinese calligraphy (书法) is an art form of writing Chinese characters (汉字), often with a brush and ink (墨) on Xuan paper. The development of Chinese calligraphy began from the Shang Dynasty (16th century—11th century BC) in Anyang, Henan Province, as one way to record dates on animal bones (骨头). Over time, calligraphy slowly took shape as a form of art instead of only a way of record. There are mainly five famous styles: running, cursive, official, seal and regular. Each of them shows its special beauty. Calligraphy is a challenging art. The type of brush, ink and paper can all change the output. From brush inclination (倾斜度) and direction to speed of writing, every turn of the wrist (手腕) is also seriously managed. The structure of every character can influence its quality (质量) as well. Moreover, it is said that the feelings of the writer are shown on calligraphy. Calligraphy is a beautiful art. Lan Ting Xu (the Orchid Pavilion Preface), created by Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317—420), is one of the most famous works of Chinese calligraphy. Its beauty gives it both historical and cultural importance in Chinese culture. ▲ Like the Spring Festival couplets (对联) on the doors, calligraphy can be easily seen in Chinese families. It is also learned as a hobby for both the young and the old. Where there is Chinese language, there is Chinese calligraphy, and where there is calligraphy, there is beauty. The art is still highly valued today, for it is more than just writing, and it is a national treasure. 36. What was the early form of calligraphy used to do? A. Draw pictures. B. Keep diaries. C. Record daily life. D. Record dates. 37. How can you understand the phrase “running, cursive, official, seal and regular” in Paragraph 1 in Chinese? A. 楷书方正善 B. 行云流水意 C. 行草隶篆楷 D. 紫砂笔墨添 38. Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A. Calligraphy is quite useful in our life. B. Calligraphy is not far from our life. C. Calligraphy is popular with the young and the old. D. Calligraphy is the most popular art form now. 39. What can we infer from the passage? A. People from Henan are very good at calligraphy. B. Calligraphy can only be used in Chinese language. C. Wang Xizhi’s feelings are shown on the calligraphy of Lan Ting Xu. D. Wang Xizhi was hardworking and practiced calligraphy every day. 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. C 【来源】重庆西南大学附属中学校2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试卷 【知识点】中华文化、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国书法的历史、艺术特点、表现形式及其文化价值。 36. 细节理解题。根据“The development of Chinese calligraphy began from the Shang Dynasty (16th century—11th century BC) in Anyang, Henan Province, as one way to record dates on animal bones (骨头).”可知，早期书法用于记录日期。故选D。 37. 词句猜测题。根据“Over time, calligraphy slowly took shape as a form of art instead of only a way of record. There are mainly five famous styles: running, cursive, official, seal and regular.”可知，此处是指书法的五种著名的字体风格，因此可知，画线句子表示“行书、草书、隶书、篆书、楷书”这五种字体。故选C。 38. 推理判断题。根据“Like the Spring Festival couplets (对联) on the doors, calligraphy can be easily seen in Chinese families.”可知，书法能够在中国家庭中被看见，说明它离我们的生活并不远，B选项“书法离我们的生活并不远”符合。故选B。 39. 推理判断题。根据“Moreover, it is said that the feelings of the writer are shown on calligraphy.”可推知，王羲之的情感在《兰亭序》书法中得以展现。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 11 ①A Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft with three taikonauts was successfully sent into space on April 25th from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch (发射) Center in Northwest China. ②The taikonauts are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, with Ye as the leader. It is Ye’s second time to go to space within 3 years. And this is Li Cong and Li Guangsu’s first space flight. ③This launch has a lot of breakthroughs (突破). First of all, launching in April is really challenging. April is famous for being very windy and sandy in the center. So, experts carefully planned the best time to launch according to the April wind speed data from the last 10 years. Secondly, there have been greater technological developments in both the spacecraft and the rocket to improve safety. Another big change worth mentioning is the new battery (电池) for the spacecraft. It is lighter and can work longer. ④The three taikonauts will have many tasks during their stay. More than 90 experiments (实验) covering areas such as material science, life science and medicine will be done in space. ⑤A very special task is to raise zebrafish in space. They will create a simple ecosystem to study how the space environment affects (影响) their growth and system balance. If the experiment succeeds, it will be an important breakthrough in keeping vertebrates (脊椎动物) in China’s space program. ⑥Moreover, they will also learn how plants change and get used to the environment by doing the first-ever stem cell (干细胞) study in space. This will help to choose proper vegetables for space farming. ⑦Besides these experiments, the taikonauts will do two or three space walks. And they will further keep the safety of the space station. ⑧Exploring space is not just a dream for our country. We are making new achievements, showing the world that China is becoming stronger and stronger. And we are sure the Shenzhou-18 crew will do well, although the tasks have become more complicated and harder. 40. If you want to add a paragraph about “stories of the three taikonauts”, where can you put it? A. After Para.2. B. After Para.3. C. After Para.4. D. After Para.5. 41. The breakthroughs of this launch include ________. ①launch in April    ②use of the new battery ③changes in wind speed    ④developments in technology A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②④ D. ②③④ 42. What can we infer from the passage? A. This is the first space flight for these three taikonauts in China. B. Taikonauts may not need to take vegetables to space in the future. C. The taikonauts will be able to keep any animal they like in space. D. More than 90 experiments will be done during the space journey. 43. Which of the following can best show the structure of this passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B 43. D 【来源】重庆西南大学附属中学校2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试卷 【知识点】科学技术、说明文、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要介绍了搭载神舟十八号飞船和三名航天员的长征二号F火箭在中国西北的酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射升空。 40. 推理判断题。根据“The taikonauts are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, with Ye as the leader. It is Ye’s second time to go to space within 3 years. And this is Li Cong and Li Guangsu’s first space flight.”可知第二段总体介绍了三名宇航员，故接下来可继续介绍三名宇航员的故事，即放第二段之后。故选A。 41. 细节理解题。根据“launching in April is really challenging”可知在4月份发射真的很有挑战性；根据“Secondly, there have been greater technological developments in both the spacecraft and the rocket to improve safety. Another big change worth mentioning is the new battery (电池) for the spacecraft. ”可知航天器和火箭的技术都有了更大的发展，从而提高了安全性，另一个值得一提的重大变化是新电池。故选C。 42. 推理判断题。根据“they will also learn how plants change and get used to the environment by doing the first-ever stem cell (干细胞) study in space. This will help to choose proper vegetables for space farming.”可知他们还将通过首次在太空中进行干细胞研究，了解植物如何改变和适应环境，这将有助于选择适合太空农业的蔬菜，可推知在未来宇航员可能不需要带蔬菜到太空。故选B。 43. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一和第二段主要介绍了神舟十八号飞船的基本信息；第三段介绍了这次发射的突破；第四段介绍三名宇航员有很多任务，第五至第七段是展开介绍宇航员的任务；第八段进行总结。故选项D符合文章结构。故选D。 Passage 12 ①Since ancient time, there have been a lot of stories of talking trees that can talk to people or sometimes provide people with advice. These trees are commonly described as slow-moving and smart. According to a book named Finding the Mother Tree, trees are able-to communicate and care for each other. In movies like Avatar, trees can communicate with not only humans but also animals.   ②Now scientists seem to find something interesting: plants can really “talk”.   ③According to the scientists, plants talk by using chemicals(化学物质). This happens when a plant feels that it is in dangerous situations like insect attacks (虫类袭击). When insects eat the leaves, the leaves give out chemicals. This is the plant’s way of calling “Help! Help!” Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others can invite the wasps (胡蜂)! The wasps give the trees a hand by killing the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about ▲ so that we can grow more food for people with less trouble from insects.   ④What is even more surprising is that plants also use sound to talk to each other but these sounds are either too high or too low for humans to hear. Some plants, such as corn and chili peppers, make noises with their roots. Trees make clicking noises when they need water.   ⑤Most surprisingly of all, plants can join other plants near them through an underground network. Scientists call it the “wood wide web”. With this web, plants can share messages and even share food. However, plants may also use it to take too much food from others or give illness to other plants. Scientists hope to find a “firewall” to help keep the plant network safe and healthy.   ⑥In short, plants can “talk” in unbelievable ways! These findings connect old stories with real science, helping us grow food and protect nature in better ways. Who knows what will happen? Maybe one day we will understand plants well enough to be able to have a real conversation with them in our gardens. The quiet world of plants is full of secrets! 44. How does the writer start the passage? A. By listing numbers. B. By sharing news. C. By telling stories. D. By giving examples. 45. Which of the following can be put in “___▲___”? A. how plants grow fast B. how plants call for help C. how plants kill insects D. how plants invite wasps 46. What can we infer from the passage? A. When trees are in danger, they can use chemicals to talk. B. Neither humans nor animals can hear the sounds of plants. C. There will be studies about improving the wood wide web. D. The writer doesn’t believe that plants can talk with humans. 47. What is the best structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】44. C 45. B 46. C 47. A 【来源】重庆市南开中学校2024-2025学年下学期八年级期中英语试题 【知识点】科普知识、说明文、植物 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了植物通过化学物质、声音和地下网络进行交流的现象，并探讨了这些发现对农业和自然保护的潜在影响。 44. 细节理解题。根据文章第1段“Since ancient time, there have been a lot of stories of talking trees that can talk to people or sometimes provide people with advice.”可知，作者通过讲述古代关于会说话的树的故事来引入话题。故选C。 45. 推理判断题。根据文章第3段“Scientists hope to learn more about ▲ so that we can grow more food for people with less trouble from insects.”可知，科学家希望了解更多关于植物如何应对昆虫的知识，以便减少昆虫对农作物的危害。根据上下文，植物通过释放化学物质来驱赶昆虫或吸引胡蜂，因此最合适的选项是“how plants call for help”。故选B。 46. 推理判断题。根据文章第5段“Scientists hope to find a ‘firewall’ to help keep the plant network safe and healthy.”可知，科学家希望找到一种“防火墙”来保护植物网络的安全和健康，因此可以推断未来会有关于改进“wood wide web”的研究。故选C。 47. 篇章结构题。文章第①段通过故事引出植物会“说话”的话题，第②段正式提出科学家发现植物真的会“说话”，第③-⑤段分别从植物用化学物质、声音以及地下网络交流这三个方面阐述植物如何“说话”，第⑥段总结植物能以难以置信的方式“说话”以及这些发现的意义。故选A。 Passage 13 ①Plastic waste (塑料垃圾) is a main environmental problem. It stays in nature for hundreds of years, hurting animals, oceans, and the environment. Millions of animals are affected every year, and “plastic islands” in the oceans continue to grow. However, scientists have recently found a possible solution-some special plants and fungi (真菌) have the ability to “eat” plastic. ②In one experiment (实验), scientists put a plastic bottle with some fungi in a box. After several weeks, the fungi made special chemicals (化学物质) that broke down the plastic into small pieces. By the end of the experiment, most of the bottle was gone, leaving only safe things like water and air. This experiment shows the ability of fungi to help solve the problem of plastic pollution. ③Scientists also found other fungi and small living things in forests and mountains that can break down plastic. These small living things thrive in difficult environments, the large number of which makes them good at breaking down hard plastic. ④This finding could change how we deal with plastic. Our old ways like recycling (回收) cost too much and don’t work well enough. Using plants and fungi would be cheaper and better for the environment than factories. ⑤However, there are still problems. We need to grow enough of these plastic-eating fungi and make sure they don’t hurt nature at the same time. Besides, scientists must study more to make them work in natural environments. ⑥Even with these problems, the future is still hopeful. Special farms could be set up in oceans and polluted areas to grow these fungi and plants. This could work better because the number of them is big and they can break down plastic waste better and faster. ⑦If we can use these special fungi to “eat” plastic, we might solve the pollution problems and make the Earth cleaner. Scientists are still studying how we can use fungi to fight plastic pollution in the future. 48. What did the scientists find according to Paragraph 2? A. Fungi can break plastic. B. Plastic pollution is hard to solve. C. People should use fungi instead of plastic. D. There are different kinds of plastic waste. 49. In which sentence does “thrive” have the same meaning as in Paragraph 3? A. Some plants thrive in dry places with little water. B. Children thrive when they get enough love and care. C. The music festival thrives on creative performances. D. The business began to thrive after making new products. 50. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 51. What might the writer discuss next? A. Ways to make the Earth clean. B. Different experiments scientists did. C. The future use of plastic-eating fungi. D. Other ways to solve plastic pollution. 【答案】48. A 49. A 50. B 51. C 【来源】重庆市巴蜀学校2024-2025学年下学期八年级期中考试英语试题 【知识点】环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了科学家发现某些植物和真菌能分解塑料，有望借此解决塑料污染问题，同时探讨其挑战与未来应用。 48. 细节理解题。根据“the fungi made special chemicals that broke down the plastic into small pieces.”可知，科学家发现真菌能分解塑料，故选A。 49. 词句猜测题。根据“These small living things thrive in difficult environments”可知， “thrive”指微生物在恶劣环境中 “茁壮成长”，强调在困难条件下生存得好，选项A中 “thrive in dry places”表示“在干燥少水环境中生长旺盛”，与原文中“thrive in difficult environments”含义相同，故选A。 50. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出塑料污染问题；第二、三段讲述科学发现；第四、五段提到使用真菌的利弊；第六段展望其未来可能性；第七段提出乐观前景。故选B。 51. 推理判断题。根据“Scientists are still studying how we can use fungi to fight plastic pollution in the future”可推知，下一步最可能讨论塑料食用真菌的未来用途，故选C。 Passage 14 ①In the crowded waiting area of a hospital, a man holds a paper filled with medical data (数据). The numbers on it mean little to him. Taking a deep breath, he opens DeepSeek. Within seconds, DeepSeek offers easy-to-understand analyses that match well with a medical professional’s. He feels better afterward. ②Just like this man using DeepSeek to understand his results, many people are turning to AI tools in their daily lives. AI is changing the way we interact with the world. ③AI is changing many areas of our lives. In healthcare, AI can quickly analyze medical data to help doctors make early diagnoses. In business, AI helps companies improve their operations, predict market changes and help customers. By taking care of repetitive tasks, AI allows people to focus on more important work. ④AI is also helping to create new ways of doing things. In art and music, AI is being used to produce pieces that connect human creativity with machine support. AI tools help writers, designers, and filmmakers by offering ideas, writing drafts, and even predicting what people will enjoy. Additionally, AI can process large amounts of information to provide useful insights. ⑤While AI brings many benefits, it also has its shortcomings. One concern is job replacement (代替), as AI can take over repetitive tasks, causing job losses in industries like customer service. Another one is in education. Students might misuse AI tools to cheat by copying answers. This will have a negative influence on their learning. Furthermore, AI systems raise privacy concerns. They may collect and analyze personal data without full consent. ⑥The future of AI depends on how we manage and use it. By continuing to have open discussions and focusing on ethical (道德的) use, we can make sure AI benefits society while reducing its risks. 52. The writer starts the passage by ________. A. asking a question B. showing a scene C. listing numbers D. giving a definition (定义) 53. The tone of the passage is ________. A. emotional B. humorous C. objective (客观的) D. critical (批评的) 54. According to the passage, we can infer that ________. A. AI should be carefully developed, used and managed B. AI helps students by stopping them from cheating C. AI will replace doctors or teachers in the future D. AI may work out all the problems for humans one day 55. The best structure of the passage is ________. A. ①/②③④⑤/⑥ B. ①②/③④/⑤⑥ C. ①/②③④/⑤⑥ D. ①②/③④/⑤/⑥ 【答案】52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D 【来源】重庆市第十一中学2024-2025学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试卷 【知识点】发明与创造、科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过实例和客观分析，探讨AI在医疗、商业、艺术等领域的广泛应用及其带来的效率提升，同时指出其潜在风险（如失业、作弊、隐私问题），最终强调需通过道德管理和开放讨论实现AI的可持续发展。 52. 推理判断题。根据“In the crowded waiting area of a hospital, a man holds a paper filled with medical data (数据).”可知，作者通过具体场景（医院中男子使用AI分析医疗数据）引入主题，属于“展示场景”。故选B。 53. 推理判断题。根据“AI is changing many areas of our lives...”和“While AI brings many benefits, it also has its shortcomings...”可知，文章语气中立，客观分析事实。故选C 54. 推理判断题。根据“The future of AI depends on how we manage and use it. By continuing to have open discussions and focusing on ethical (道德的) use, we can make sure AI benefits society while reducing its risks.”可知，本段强调需谨慎管理和道德使用AI，选项A“AI需被谨慎开发、使用和管理”符合。故选A。 55. 篇章结构题。结合全文可知，①②是引入部分，通过场景引入AI应用；③④介绍了AI的积极影响（医疗、商业、艺术等）； ⑤介绍了AI的潜在问题（失业、教育作弊、隐私）；⑥提出AI未来需道德管理。故选D。 Passage 15 ①In our everyday life, we often have such an experience: when we want to eat but we are busy, we fight against the hunger. But when we have been hungry for a long time, we find that we aren’t hungry any longer. ②Why are people hungry? From the scientific study, for energy (能量), the food we eat is changed into glucose (葡萄糖) and we feel hungry because we don’t have enough sugar. Our bodies can feel how much glucose there is in the blood. When there is no enough glucose, a person will feel hungry. Hunger is not caused by having less food in the stomach, but the changes in glucose levels (水平). So when we are hungry, we don’t have to have meals. ③When we are hungry for a long time, why won’t we continue feeling hungry? In fact, the spare (空余的) glucose can be stored (被储存). When we can’t eat for reasons, ▲ . When it arrives at some situation, our bodies will give us a message: glucose is enough. So we don’t feel hungry anymore. ④Is it OK not to eat when you’ve been hungry for a long time? Of course not! This is bad for one’s body. When someone runs out of the stored energy, the body will break down fat (分解脂肪) to provide itself with energy. During the process, the person will feel dizzy (眩晕). If worse, the protein (蛋白质) also starts to break down, and we will be in danger. ⑤For busy people, you’d better always take some candies with you. If you have been hungry for too long, you mustn’t give up eating! Start with a piece of candy. 56. According to the passage, we feel hungry because ________. A. we take too much exercise B. there is less food in our stomach C. the glucose in our bodies is not enough D. we don’t eat on time because of being busy 57. Which of the following sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A. our bodies will take in some energy B. our bodies will keep hungry for a long time C. our bodies will try to make glucose by themselves D. our bodies will change these stored glucose into energy 58. The writer starts the fourth paragraph (段落) by ________. A. giving an example B. asking a question C. telling a story D. explaining a fact 59. The structure (结构) of the passage may be ________. (①=Paragraph1 ②=Paragraph2 ③=Paragraph3 ④=Paragraph4 ⑤=Paragraph5) A. B. C. D. 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. B 59. B 【来源】重庆市巴川中学校2023-2024学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题 【知识点】健康饮食、科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们感到饥饿的原因、长时间饥饿后不再感觉饥饿的原理，以及长时间饥饿却不进食对身体的危害，并针对忙碌人群给出了建议。 56. 细节理解题。根据“From the scientific study, for energy (能量), the food we eat is changed into glucose (葡萄糖) and we feel hungry because we don’t have enough sugar. Our bodies can feel how much glucose there is in the blood. When there is no enough glucose, a person will feel hungry.”可知，我们感到饥饿是因为身体里的葡萄糖不足。故选C。 57. 细节理解题。根据“When we are hungry for a long time, why won’t we continue feeling hungry? In fact, the spare (空余的) glucose can be stored (被储存).”以及“When it arrives at some situation, our bodies will give us a message: glucose is enough.”可知，当我们长时间饥饿时，身体会把储存的葡萄糖转化为能量，从而让我们不再感觉饥饿。故选D。 58. 细节理解题。根据“Is it OK not to eat when you’ve been hungry for a long time? Of course not!”可知，作者以提问“长时间饥饿后不吃饭可以吗？”来开始第四段内容。故选B。 59. 篇章结构题。文章第一段引出了话题，第二，三，四段解释了饥饿的原因以及可能会造成的后果，第五段给出建议。故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $