高考英语科技类阅读高频核心动词 任务单-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

高考英语科技类阅读高频核心动词分类汇总 （上海高考与全国高考通用） 本资料系统整理了上海高考英语阅读中高频出现的核心动词，按语义功能分类，如“改变、提高、导致、使用、分析、减少、控制、缓解、加剧”等，帮助学习者从“看懂单词”升级到“读懂逻辑”。每个动词均配有常见搭配与高考阅读语境备注，突出其真实用法与易考点，避免死记硬背。通过对比与分类记忆，读者可以更快判断作者态度、因果关系和问题走向，从而在阅读理解中精准定位信息、减少失分。本资料适合考前梳理、长期积累与反复查阅使用。 一、改变 / 影响（Change & Impact） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 transform 根本改变 transform the way we work / live 深层、结构性变化 reshape 重塑 reshape industries / society 长期变化，常见于科技、经济 revolutionize 彻底变革 revolutionize technology / education 程度最强，强调“革命性” alter 改变（部分） alter behavior / plans / patterns 小幅、局部调整 disrupt 颠覆 disrupt traditional industries / markets 科技、商业阅读高频 affect 影响 affect performance / health / outcomes 万金油，高考必考 undermine 削弱 undermine trust / confidence / authority 抽象负面影响，常考 facilitate 促进（过程） facilitate development / communication 强调“使更容易” pose 造成（风险/问题） pose a risk / threat / challenge 固定搭配，阅读理解高频 Tips: · transform / reshape / revolutionize 世界被改了样 · alter 调一调，不是翻天覆地 · affect / undermine 产生影响（常偏负面） · facilitate / pose 不直接做事，而是引发或促成结果 二、提高 / 改善（Improve & Enhance） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 improve 改善；提高 improve efficiency / quality / skills 最基础、最高频 enhance 提升 enhance efficiency / quality / experience 偏正式，说明文高频 optimize 优化 optimize performance / resources 科技、管理类 boost 促进；提高 boost productivity / confidence 程度明显 refine 改进 refine a system / method 改细节 strengthen 加强 strengthen security / ties 政策、社会话题 reinforce 加强；巩固 reinforce confidence / rules / structures 在原有基础上强化 三、导致 / 引起（Cause & Result） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 cause 导致；引起 cause problems / damage / harm 最基础、最常考 lead to 导致；通向 lead to failure / change / conflict 阅读中出现频率极高 trigger 引发 trigger a reaction / crisis / debate 突发性、连锁反应 give rise to 引起 give rise to problems / concerns 偏正式，说明文高频 contribute to 促成 contribute to growth / success / pollution 多因素之一 result in 导致 result in failure / damage / change 强调“结果” result from 由……导致 result from changes / pressure 强调“原因”，方向必考 四、使用 / 采用（Use & Apply） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 adopt 采用 adopt new technology / policies / measures 强调“正式采纳” implement 实施 implement a plan / strategy / policy 从想法到执行 utilize 利用 utilize resources / data / tools 偏正式，学术文体 apply 应用；适用于 apply a method / rule to a case；apply to a situation / group apply to 用法高频、易考 五、分析 / 研究 / 判断（Analyze & Evaluate） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 analyze 分析 analyze data / trends / results 强调拆解信息，高频 examine 审视；检查 examine results / evidence 比 analyze 更偏“仔细看” inspect 检查；审查 inspect facilities / conditions 偏具体、正式检查 investigate 调查 investigate an issue / case 系统性调查，新闻类常见 look into 调查 look into the cause / problem 口语化，但阅读常考 assess 评估 assess risks / impact / damage 判断程度或风险 evaluate 评价 evaluate performance / effectiveness 偏结果性评价 predict 预测 predict outcomes / behavior 普通预测 forecast 预测（趋势） forecast growth / demand 数据、趋势导向 anticipate 预期 anticipate changes / challenges 提前预判 project 预计 project profits / costs 基于数据推算 六、减少 / 削弱 / 下降（Reduce & Weaken） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 diminish 减弱 diminish impact / influence 程度逐渐变小 decline 下降 decline in efficiency / quality 常作不及物 decrease 减少 decrease costs / consumption 中性、正式 reduce 减少 reduce emissions / risks 高频万能词 lower 降低 lower prices / standards 常用于政策、经济 weaken 削弱 weaken performance / ability 功能、力量下降 erode 逐渐削弱 erode confidence / trust 隐喻用法，高考爱考 impair 损害 impair function / health 偏正式、负面 七、缓解 / 减轻 （减少负面影响、降低严重程度） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 mitigate 缓解 mitigate risks / impacts / effects 最学术，环境类高频 alleviate 缓解 alleviate pressure / poverty / stress 社会、健康类 ease 缓和 ease tension / burden / pain 偏口语，但很常考 reduce 减少 reduce emissions / costs / harm 万金油 lessen 减轻 lessen the impact / damage 区别lesson课 relieve 缓解 relieve stress / pain / pressure 医疗+抽象 soften 缓和 soften the blow / impact 隐喻用法易考 moderate 缓和；调节 moderate growth / behavior 偏正式 八、抵消 / 补偿 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 offset 抵消 offset emissions / losses / costs 环保、经济高频 compensate 补偿 compensate for losses / damage 固定搭配 for counterbalance 抵消 counterbalance disadvantages counter 作为前缀有反对/对抗” 和 “相反/抵消”的意思 neutralize 抵消；中和 neutralize effects / impact 科学+抽象 make up for 弥补 make up for shortcomings 偏口语 balance out 抵消 balance out the negatives 阅读里常见 九、控制 / 抑制 / 限制 阻止增长、扩大或失控（但不一定完全消除） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 curb 抑制 curb emissions / inflation / crime 政策、政府措施 restrain 抑制 restrain growth / spending / anger 偏正式，抽象名词 limit 限制 limit access / damage / expansion 最基础，万能动词 restrict 限制 restrict use / movement / freedom 法规、制度语境 contain 控制 contain pollution / costs / spread 疫情、污染、风险 control 控制 control population / risk / disease 泛用，但正式文体常见 regulate 管控；调节 regulate markets / behavior / industries 法律、经济类高频 rein in 控制；约束 rein in spending / inflation 习语，阅读理解常考 cap 限制上限 cap prices / emissions / numbers “设上限”政策语境 constrain 限制；约束 constrain development / choices 偏学术，说明文 hold back 阻止；抑制 hold back growth / progress 隐喻用法，高考常见 十、加剧 / 恶化（Exacerbate & Worsen 类）, 使情况变得更严重（通常是负面问题） 动词 中文 常见搭配 说明 exacerbate 加剧 exacerbate problems / tensions / inequality 偏正式、学术感强，高考常考 worsen 恶化 worsen the situation / condition 最基础、最常见 aggravate 加重；加剧 aggravate symptoms / conflict 医疗、社会问题常见 intensify 加强；加剧 intensify pressure / competition 程度变强，不一定全负面 escalate 升级；加剧 escalate conflict / crisis 冲突、危机类高频 heighten 提高；加剧 heighten awareness / tension 抽象名词搭配多 compound 使恶化；使更复杂 compound problems / difficulties “问题叠加”语境很爱考 fuel 助长；加剧 fuel anger / inflation / debate 隐喻用法，阅读理解常见 【词汇精练】选词填空 (注意动词的形式) I Word Bank: cause | adopt | implement | analyze | predict | diminish | mitigate | compensate 1. To improve student performance, the school has decided to __________ a more flexible teaching schedule next semester. 2. The economic experts are trying to __________ how the market will react to the new trade regulations. 3. The city council spent months __________ the traffic data before proposing a new subway line. 4. Insurance companies often __________ victims for the financial losses they suffer after an accident. 5. The government has __________ several new laws to ensure that all citizens have access to clean water. 6. Scientists are looking for ways to __________ the negative effects of climate change on coastal cities. 7. Extreme weather conditions can __________ serious delays in the global shipping and logistics industry. 8. As the scandal grew, the public’s trust in the organization began to __________ rapidly. 【答案与解析】 1. adopt 意为“采纳/采用”。搭配 "teaching schedule"（教学时间表）。 2. predict 意为“预测”。语境是专家对市场反应的预判。 3. analyzing (注意此处需用动名词形式) 意为“分析”。在 "spent months" 之后通常接 "doing" 结构。 4. compensate 意为“补偿”。常用于保险公司对受害者损失的经济补偿。 5. implemented (注意此处需用过去分词构成完成时) 意为“实施/执行”。常与 "laws"（法律）或 "plans" 连用。 6. mitigate 意为“缓解/减轻”。常用于法律或环保语境，减轻某种负面后果（negative effects）。 7. cause 意为“导致”。恶劣天气导致（cause）了航运延迟。 8. diminish 意为“减少/削弱”。这里指公众对组织的“信任度下降”。 II Word Bank: constrain | restrain | offset | lower | impair | intensify | fuel | escalate 1. The heavy fog __________ the driver's visibility, making it dangerous to cross the bridge. 2. We need to __________ our spending this month if we want to save enough money for the summer trip. 3. The sharp increase in oil prices has __________ fears of a global economic recession. 4. The high cost of raw materials has __________ the company’s ability to expand its production line. 5. To __________ the carbon emissions from the factory, the company decided to invest in a massive tree-planting project. 6. What began as a simple misunderstanding between the two neighbors quickly __________ into a serious legal fight. 7. The school board decided to __________ the passing grade to 60 to give more students a chance to graduate. 8. As the deadline approached, the pressure on the students began to __________, leaving many feeling stressed. 【答案与解析】 1. impaired 损害/削弱：大雾削弱了司机的视力/能见度 2. restrain 克制/控制：克制消费冲动或控制开支 3. fueled 激起/助长：油价上涨“助长”或“点燃”了对经济衰退的恐惧 4. constrained 限制/束缚：原材料成本高“限制”了公司的扩张能力 5. offset 抵消：通过种树来“抵消”工厂排放的二氧化碳 6. escalated 升级/恶化：从小误会“升级”到了法律诉讼 7. lower 降低：调低及格分数线 8. intensify 加剧/增强：随着截止日期临近，压力开始“加剧” III Word Bank: worsen | rein in | neutralize | lessen > regulate | make up for | alleviate | contain 1. The government is introducing new laws to __________ the use of artificial intelligence in schools. 2. The medicine helped to __________ the patient's pain, though it didn't cure the illness completely. 3. If we don’t take action now, the heavy rain will __________ the current flooding situation in the valley. 4. The coach hopes the team's victory today will __________ their disappointing performance last week. 5. Firefighters worked through the night to __________ the forest fire before it reached the nearby village. 6. The chemical was added to the water to __________ the harmful effects of the acid. 7. To __________ the risk of infection, you should wash your hands frequently and wear a mask. 8. The central bank raised interest rates to __________ inflation and prevent prices from rising too fast. 【答案与解析】 1. regulate意为“管理/规范”。搭配 "the use of AI"，指通过法律规范其使用。 2. alleviate意为“缓解/减轻”。常用于减轻痛苦（pain）、压力（pressure）或贫困（poverty）。 3. worsen意为“恶化”。指暴雨会让洪水情况变得更糟。 4. make up for意为“弥补”。指用今天的胜利来弥补上周表现的不足。 5. contain意为“控制/防止蔓延”。除了“包含”，在环保和安全语境下，它常指控制火势或病毒的扩散。 6. neutralize意为“中和/抵消”。化学语境中指中和酸碱，引申为使某种威胁或影响失去作用。 7. lessen意为“减少/降低”。指降低感染的风险（risk）。 8. rein in 意为“控制/抑制”。原指勒住马缰绳，现常用于经济语境，如控制通货膨胀（inflation）或开支（spending）。 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高考英语科技类阅读高频核心动词分类汇总 （上海高考与全国高考通用） 本资料系统整理了上海高考英语阅读中高频出现的核心动词，按语义功能分类，如“改变、提高、导致、使用、分析、减少、控制、缓解、加剧”等，帮助学习者从“看懂单词”升级到“读懂逻辑”。每个动词均配有常见搭配与高考阅读语境备注，突出其真实用法与易考点，避免死记硬背。通过对比与分类记忆，读者可以更快判断作者态度、因果关系和问题走向，从而在阅读理解中精准定位信息、减少失分。本资料适合考前梳理、长期积累与反复查阅使用。 一、改变 / 影响（Change & Impact） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 transform 根本改变 transform the way we work / live 深层、结构性变化 reshape 重塑 reshape industries / society 长期变化，常见于科技、经济 revolutionize 彻底变革 revolutionize technology / education 程度最强，强调“革命性” alter 改变（部分） alter behavior / plans / patterns 小幅、局部调整 disrupt 颠覆 disrupt traditional industries / markets 科技、商业阅读高频 affect 影响 affect performance / health / outcomes 万金油，高考必考 undermine 削弱 undermine trust / confidence / authority 抽象负面影响，常考 facilitate 促进（过程） facilitate development / communication 强调“使更容易” pose 造成（风险/问题） pose a risk / threat / challenge 固定搭配，阅读理解高频 Tips: · transform / reshape / revolutionize 世界被改了样 · alter 调一调，不是翻天覆地 · affect / undermine 产生影响（常偏负面） · facilitate / pose 不直接做事，而是引发或促成结果 二、提高 / 改善（Improve & Enhance） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 improve 改善；提高 improve efficiency / quality / skills 最基础、最高频 enhance 提升 enhance efficiency / quality / experience 偏正式，说明文高频 optimize 优化 optimize performance / resources 科技、管理类 boost 促进；提高 boost productivity / confidence 程度明显 refine 改进 refine a system / method 改细节 strengthen 加强 strengthen security / ties 政策、社会话题 reinforce 加强；巩固 reinforce confidence / rules / structures 在原有基础上强化 三、导致 / 引起（Cause & Result） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 cause 导致；引起 cause problems / damage / harm 最基础、最常考 lead to 导致；通向 lead to failure / change / conflict 阅读中出现频率极高 trigger 引发 trigger a reaction / crisis / debate 突发性、连锁反应 give rise to 引起 give rise to problems / concerns 偏正式，说明文高频 contribute to 促成 contribute to growth / success / pollution 多因素之一 result in 导致 result in failure / damage / change 强调“结果” result from 由……导致 result from changes / pressure 强调“原因”，方向必考 四、使用 / 采用（Use & Apply） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 adopt 采用 adopt new technology / policies / measures 强调“正式采纳” implement 实施 implement a plan / strategy / policy 从想法到执行 utilize 利用 utilize resources / data / tools 偏正式，学术文体 apply 应用；适用于 apply a method / rule to a case；apply to a situation / group apply to 用法高频、易考 五、分析 / 研究 / 判断（Analyze & Evaluate） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 analyze 分析 analyze data / trends / results 强调拆解信息，高频 examine 审视；检查 examine results / evidence 比 analyze 更偏“仔细看” inspect 检查；审查 inspect facilities / conditions 偏具体、正式检查 investigate 调查 investigate an issue / case 系统性调查，新闻类常见 look into 调查 look into the cause / problem 口语化，但阅读常考 assess 评估 assess risks / impact / damage 判断程度或风险 evaluate 评价 evaluate performance / effectiveness 偏结果性评价 predict 预测 predict outcomes / behavior 普通预测 forecast 预测（趋势） forecast growth / demand 数据、趋势导向 anticipate 预期 anticipate changes / challenges 提前预判 project 预计 project profits / costs 基于数据推算 六、减少 / 削弱 / 下降（Reduce & Weaken） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 diminish 减弱 diminish impact / influence 程度逐渐变小 decline 下降 decline in efficiency / quality 常作不及物 decrease 减少 decrease costs / consumption 中性、正式 reduce 减少 reduce emissions / risks 高频万能词 lower 降低 lower prices / standards 常用于政策、经济 weaken 削弱 weaken performance / ability 功能、力量下降 erode 逐渐削弱 erode confidence / trust 隐喻用法，高考爱考 impair 损害 impair function / health 偏正式、负面 七、缓解 / 减轻 （减少负面影响、降低严重程度） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 mitigate 缓解 mitigate risks / impacts / effects 最学术，环境类高频 alleviate 缓解 alleviate pressure / poverty / stress 社会、健康类 ease 缓和 ease tension / burden / pain 偏口语，但很常考 reduce 减少 reduce emissions / costs / harm 万金油 lessen 减轻 lessen the impact / damage 区别lesson课 relieve 缓解 relieve stress / pain / pressure 医疗+抽象 soften 缓和 soften the blow / impact 隐喻用法易考 moderate 缓和；调节 moderate growth / behavior 偏正式 八、抵消 / 补偿 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 offset 抵消 offset emissions / losses / costs 环保、经济高频 compensate 补偿 compensate for losses / damage 固定搭配 for counterbalance 抵消 counterbalance disadvantages counter 作为前缀有反对/对抗” 和 “相反/抵消”的意思 neutralize 抵消；中和 neutralize effects / impact 科学+抽象 make up for 弥补 make up for shortcomings 偏口语 balance out 抵消 balance out the negatives 阅读里常见 九、控制 / 抑制 / 限制 阻止增长、扩大或失控（但不一定完全消除） 动词 中文 常见搭配 备注 curb 抑制 curb emissions / inflation / crime 政策、政府措施 restrain 抑制 restrain growth / spending / anger 偏正式，抽象名词 limit 限制 limit access / damage / expansion 最基础，万能动词 restrict 限制 restrict use / movement / freedom 法规、制度语境 contain 控制 contain pollution / costs / spread 疫情、污染、风险 control 控制 control population / risk / disease 泛用，但正式文体常见 regulate 管控；调节 regulate markets / behavior / industries 法律、经济类高频 rein in 控制；约束 rein in spending / inflation 习语，阅读理解常考 cap 限制上限 cap prices / emissions / numbers “设上限”政策语境 constrain 限制；约束 constrain development / choices 偏学术，说明文 hold back 阻止；抑制 hold back growth / progress 隐喻用法，高考常见 十、加剧 / 恶化（Exacerbate & Worsen 类）, 使情况变得更严重（通常是负面问题） 动词 中文 常见搭配 说明 exacerbate 加剧 exacerbate problems / tensions / inequality 偏正式、学术感强，高考常考 worsen 恶化 worsen the situation / condition 最基础、最常见 aggravate 加重；加剧 aggravate symptoms / conflict 医疗、社会问题常见 intensify 加强；加剧 intensify pressure / competition 程度变强，不一定全负面 escalate 升级；加剧 escalate conflict / crisis 冲突、危机类高频 heighten 提高；加剧 heighten awareness / tension 抽象名词搭配多 compound 使恶化；使更复杂 compound problems / difficulties “问题叠加”语境很爱考 fuel 助长；加剧 fuel anger / inflation / debate 隐喻用法，阅读理解常见 【词汇精练】选词填空 (注意用动词的适当形式) I Word Bank: cause | adopt | implement | analyze | predict | diminish | mitigate | compensate 1. To improve student performance, the school has decided to __________ a more flexible teaching schedule next semester. 2. The economic experts are trying to __________ how the market will react to the new trade regulations. 3. The city council spent months __________ the traffic data before proposing a new subway line. 4. Insurance companies often __________ victims for the financial losses they suffer after an accident. 5. The government has __________ several new laws to ensure that all citizens have access to clean water. 6. Scientists are looking for ways to __________ the negative effects of climate change on coastal cities. 7. Extreme weather conditions can __________ serious delays in the global shipping and logistics industry. 8. As the scandal grew, the public’s trust in the organization began to __________ rapidly. II Word Bank: constrain | restrain | offset | lower | impair | intensify | fuel | escalate 1. The heavy fog __________ the driver's visibility, making it dangerous to cross the bridge. 2. We need to __________ our spending this month if we want to save enough money for the summer trip. 3. The sharp increase in oil prices has __________ fears of a global economic recession. 4. The high cost of raw materials has __________ the company’s ability to expand its production line. 5. To __________ the carbon emissions from the factory, the company decided to invest in a massive tree-planting project. 6. What began as a simple misunderstanding between the two neighbors quickly __________ into a serious legal fight. 7. The school board decided to __________ the passing grade to 60 to give more students a chance to graduate. 8. As the deadline approached, the pressure on the students began to __________, leaving many feeling stressed. III Word Bank: worsen | rein in | neutralize | lessen > regulate | make up for | alleviate | contain 1. The government is introducing new laws to __________ the use of artificial intelligence in schools. 2. The medicine helped to __________ the patient's pain, though it didn't cure the illness completely. 3. If we don’t take action now, the heavy rain will __________ the current flooding situation in the valley. 4. The coach hopes the team's victory today will __________ their disappointing performance last week. 5. Firefighters worked through the night to __________ the forest fire before it reached the nearby village. 6. The chemical was added to the water to __________ the harmful effects of the acid. 7. To __________ the risk of infection, you should wash your hands frequently and wear a mask. 8. The central bank raised interest rates to __________ inflation and prevent prices from rising too fast. 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $