重难08 数词、介词（重难专练）（山东专用） 2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难08 数词、介词 内容导航 第一部分 重难考向解读 拆解核心难点，明确备考要点 核心模块 重难考向 考法解读/考向预测 第二部分 重难要点剖析 精解核心要点，点拨解题技巧 要点梳理 典例验知 技巧点拨 类题夯基 考向01 数词 考向02 介词 第三部分 重难提分必刷 靶向突破难点，精练稳步进阶 重●难●考●向●解●读 近几年中考中考查重点： 一、数词： 1. 数词变形：基数词变序数词。 2. 数词与名词搭配，判断单复数形式。 二、介词： 1.时间介词、方位介词、方式工具、范围等 3. 固定搭配 常见考查形式：单项选择、语法填空（有/无提示词）、完形填空、单句填空、短文填空等。 命题导向：回归课标，弱化纯规则记忆，强化真实情境+语篇逻辑+文化融合。 重●难●要●点●剖●析 （考向01 数词 要点梳理 数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种：基数词，用于计数，表示人或物的数目多少。如：one, two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序，如：first second… 一、基数词的构成和读法 1，1-12的构成为独立单词one , two ， three ，four, five, six,seven, eight, nine, ten ,eleven, twelve. 2, 13-19的构成都以后缀-teen结尾，但thirteen，fifteen，eighteen为不规则变化 3, 20-90的构成都以后缀-ty结尾，但twenty，thirty，forty，eighty为不规则变化 4, 21-99的构成是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符-   e.g. 25 twenty-five 5.１０１～９９９的三位数字，由hundred 加and 再加二位数或未位数字，如： 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上数字，应从个位起向前数三位加逗号，读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号，读作million,再数三位加逗号，读作billion，其读法如下： 1001-one thousand and one５３８６-five thousand, three hundred and eighty－six 【注意】 基数词修饰hundred, thousand, million, billion等词时, 这些词要用单数形式; 若与介词of搭配构成短语表示不确定的数目时, 这些词要用复数形式。例如: two hundred students二百名学生：three thousand sheep三千只羊：hundreds of dollars几百美元：millions of workers数百万工人 二、序数词 1，序数词多数由“基数词-th”构成，序数词前一般加定冠词the 2，少数序数词构成属特殊情况 one-first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth  twelve-twelfth 3,以y结尾的十位整数，先将y改为i，再加-eth   e.g. thirty-thirtieth 4,21以上的多位数，要将末位数改为序数词，前面其他位数仍用基数词  e.g. eighty-three—eighty-third  nine hundred and sixty-two—nine hundred and sixty-second 5,序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成  e.g. first—1st      second—2nd 三、数词的用法 1, 编号事物的表示 编号的事物常用“名词+基数词”表示，也可用“序数词+名词”表示；如果数字较大，需用“名词+基数词”表示。如， the ninth unit =Unit 9   World WarⅡ = the second world war ； Room 305  7 2, 年、月、日、时的写法和读法 ① 表示日期用序数词，前面加定冠词  e.g. 3月8日 March the eighth ② 年份一般分为两部分读，先读前两位数，再读后两位数   e.g. 1949 nineteen forty-nine ③ 以上时间合在一起的写法  e.g. 1955年10月1日上午10点  10:00 a.m. October 1st, 1955 3,分数的表示法 分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分数要在序数词上加s，但１／２用one half, 1/ 4 用a quarter. １/３ 读作one third而 ２ /３ 读作two thirds。 4, 小数、百分数的表示 小数的小数点读作point，零读作oh或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如，  e.g.  6.4 six point four     12.409 twelve point four oh nine 百分数(%)，读作per cent (percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。如，50% 5，次数，倍数的表示 一倍/次，once，两倍/次twice,而三倍/次以上用序数词加times, 如：He has three times as many books as I have. 典例验知 （2024年东营中考）I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister. A. one B. the first C. the second D. the third 技巧点拨 句意：我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。 考查序数词。one一；the first第一；the second第二；the third第三。根据“I have an elder brother and a younger sister.”可知，“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹，所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。故选C。 类题夯基 1. It’s said that ______ of the water around the world ______ polluted. A. two third; has B. two thirds; have C. two third; are D. two thirds; is 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：据说世界上三分之二的水被污染了。 分数表达中，分子大于1时，分母用复数，故“三分之二”为two thirds；water是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故为D。 2. We planted trees last year. A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. five hundreds D. five hundred of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们去年种了数百棵树。 hundreds of 表示“数百的，成百上千的”，为固定搭配；具体数字+hundred时，hundred用单数且不加of。故为A。 （考向02 介词 要点梳理 一、时间介词 1. 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 1）1.at用于表示时刻、时刻的某一点 e.g. at eleven o’clock \ at noon \ at present 2）on用于表示星期几，某日，具体到某一天，节日，某天的上午、下午、晚上，即，特定的早，午，晚（在morning,afternoon,evening,night前有修饰词时，用on） e.g. on Saturday , On March 8th, on Sunday morning, on the afternoon of March 8th , on a cold night 3）in用于表示一段时间多用在年份，季节， 月份或morning,afternoon,evening前（注意：at noon/night） e.g. in December \ in spring, in 1970, in the morning/afternoon/ evening/night 2.表示前后用before，after A. before:在….之前 e.g. Come and see me tomorrow at any time before eleven a.m. B. after:在….之后 e.g. Spring comes after winter. 3.表示期限等用by，until，till A, by:在….之前，不迟于 e.g. By the time I arrived, she had already gone. B，Until，till:直到….为止 e.g. The radio worked all night till last night. 【注意】 until常与not连用，构成“not---until”结构，意为 “直到---才”。 4.表示期间等用for，during等 A.for:达….之久（加一段时间，表示过了多少时间，多用how long 提问） e.g. My Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks. B.during:在…时期当中 e.g. He woke many times during the night. 5.表示时间的起点用from，since A.from:从….起 e.g. From sunrise to sunset he waited. B.since:自从….以来（多加过去时间点） e.g. Since my last letter I have heard from him twice. 6.表示时间的经过等用in，等 in:过….后（未来时间，多用how soon提问） e.g. I heard that she would be back in a month. 二、表示地点、方向的介词 1.表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，below，near，by，between---and，among，around，round，in front of，behind，across from,next to e.g. There are many trees around the lake. 【注意】 表示“某地在….里”时要用in；表示“某地在另外一地某方向”时要用on或to；如果两地有空间距离（不接壤）时，必须用to. 如， Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国的东南部。 Taiwan is to the south of Fujian 台湾在福建的南部。 Laiwu is on the east of Taian 莱芜在泰安的东部。 2.表示方向的介词：in，into，out of，along，down，across，through，to，towards，for，from，over，by，past e.g. You must put the dirty paper in the basket. 【注意】 across和 through的区别：across 从...的表面穿过，through从...的内部穿过。表示游渡，乘船过海或过河时用across.如， The river runs through the city. Go across the bidge, you’ll find the park 【注意】 常用方位介词短语小结 in front of 在---前面。如，There is a big tree in front of our classroom. in the front of 在---前部。如，Tom is sitting in the front of the classroom. at the back of 在---后部。如，There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom. next to 靠近，相邻。如，The post office is next to a hospital. across from 在---对过。如， There is a post office across from the hospital. between---and 在---和---之间。如，There is a post office between the hospital and the library. 三、其他介词 1,表示原因的介词短语because of e.g. Because of her illness my grandma stayed in bed for a week. 【注意】 because, because of 的区别： because是连词后接从句，because of 后接名词或名词性短语。 如，Because of her illness my grandma stayed in bed for a week.= My grandma stayed in bed for a week because she was ill. 2.表示手段和材料等用法的介词:with，in，by 1),with：和…在一起，带有、具有，用某种具体工具、材料或人体器官 I believe it with my eyes. He is cutting paper with a knife . Can I write the exam paper with a pen 常用短语：with the help of 2），in：以…形式，以…方式；用…语言/声音，表示穿...衣着，用墨水、颜料等原料等。e.g. She keeps a diary in English. 3）by：用...手段或方式。 如， The old man had to make a living by selling vegetables 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。 by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bike=on a bikeby ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a busby plane=on a plane by air 空运 by land 陆运by sea 海运 on foot 3,表示“由….制成”的介词:of，from A.of：表示成品看得出原材料 e.g. The table is made of wood. B.from：表示成品看不出原材料 e.g. This kind of paper is made from wood. 4, beside, besides, exept beside 是"在……旁边"，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……"， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是除------之外（不再有），如：I come here every day except Sunday. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 5.without，like，as，against等介词用法 A.without：没有 e.g. He rushed to the office without having his breakfast. 【注意】 常用短语：without one’s help B.like：像，如，跟…一样 e.g. What’s he like? C.as：作为 e.g. He is famous as a scientist here. D.against：靠着，反对 e.g. Don’t stand against the door. We are against building a new zoo in our city. 常用短语：be against (doing) sth; have nothing against 典例验知 (2025年济南完形填空节选)A group of neighbors, led by Sarah, decided to change an unused corner of the street _______ a community garden. A. by B. from C. with D. into 技巧点拨 句意：一群邻居在萨拉的带领下，决定将街道上一个闲置的角落改造成一个社区花园。 by通过；from从；with和；into转变成。根据“decided to change an unused corner of the street...a community garden”可知，将街道上一个闲置的角落改造成一个社区花园，此处是change...into...“将……转变成……”。故选D。 类题夯基 1.—Do you like sports? —Sure. I am good ________ table tennis. A．of B．at C．To D. with 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你喜欢运动吗？——当然。我乒乓球打得不错。 考查介词辨析和形容词短语。of关于；at在；to到: with 和。根据“I am good ... table tennis.”可知，擅长打乒乓球，此处是be good at“擅长”。故选B。 2．Most students in our school go home ________ bus on weekends. A．in B．on C．at D．by 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们学校的大多数学生周末乘公共汽车回家。 考查介词辨析。in在……里面；on在……上面；at在；by通过。by bus“乘公共汽车”，固定搭配。故选D。 重●难●提●分●必●刷 一、单项选择 1.（2025年东营中考真题） Small changes, like drinking water ________ cola, can help you lose weight. A. ahead of B. because of C. instead of D. together with 【答案】C 【解析】句意：一些小改变，比如喝水而不是喝可乐，能帮你减肥。 考查介词短语。ahead of在……之前；because of因为；instead of而不是；together with和……一起。根据“Small changes”可知，此处是用喝水代替喝可乐来达到减肥效果。故选C。 2.（2025年青岛中考完形填空节选）An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be bought ______ an inch of gold”. A. for B. from C. in D. with 【答案】D 【解析】句意：它也是谚语“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴”的前半部分。 for为了；from从；in在里面；with用。根据“an inch of time cannot be bought…an inch of gold”可知，此处指寸金买不到寸光阴，buy sth. with sth.意为“用某物买某物”。故选D。 3.（2025年威海完形填空节选）The woodpecker can wrap (包) its long tongue ________ its brain inside its head. A. around B. along C. above 【答案】A 【解析】句意：啄木鸟可以将它的长舌头卷起来，包裹住它脑袋里的脑部。 around围绕；along沿着；above在……上。根据“wrap (包) its long tongue ... its brain inside its head.”可知，是将长舌头围绕脑袋缠绕，从而保护脑部。故选A。 4. There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys. So, the club has ______ girls. A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40 【解析】句意：艺术俱乐部有30名学生。三分之一是男孩。所以，这个俱乐部有20个女孩。 考查数词。根据“There are 30 students in the art club. One third 5. —“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently. —Yeah, it receives __________ Internet hits(点击) a day. A. thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. ten thousands 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——“食品安全”最近已经成为最热门的话题之一。——是的，它每天有成千上万的网络点击量。 考查数词用法。thousand（千）前面有具体数字时，用单数形式；没有具体数字时，要用thousands of表示“成千上万的”。 A. thousands（缺少of，结构错误）；B. thousand of（形式错误，应为thousands of）；C. thousands of（正确，意为“成千上万的”）；D. ten thousands（thousand前有具体数字ten时，应为ten thousand，形式错误）。故选C。 6. Can you imagine what life will be like in ______ time? A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-year 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你能想象20年后的生活会是什么样子吗？ 考查名词所有格。20年的时间，要用复数名词20 years的所有格形式，即20 years’；20-year是复合形容词，后面需要接名词，不能直接作定语修饰time。 A. 20 years’（正确，符合复数名词所有格的用法）；B. 20 year’s（year应为复数years，形式错误）；C. 20-years’（years的所有格不需要再加连字符，形式错误）；D. 20-year（是复合形容词，后需接名词，不能单独使用）。故选A。 7. of the coats made of cotton. They feel comfortable. A. Two-thirds; is B. Two-thirds; are C. Two-third; is D. Two –third; are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：三分之二的外套是棉质的，它们摸起来很舒服。 考查分数表达和主谓一致。分数表达中，分子大于1时，分母要用复数形式，所以“三分之二”是Two-thirds；当分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数所修饰的名词决定，这里coats是复数，所以谓语动词用are。 A. Two-thirds; is（谓语动词应为are，错误）；B. Two-thirds; are（分数表达和谓语动词均正确）；C. Two-third; is（分母应为复数thirds，谓语动词应为are，错误）；D. Two–third; are（分母应为复数thirds，且连字符使用错误）。故选B。 8. —When did you start to collect stamps? —I got my ______ stamp when I was ______ years old. A. one, seven B. one, seventh C. first, seventh D. first, seven 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你什么时候开始集邮的？——我七岁的时候得到了我的第一张邮票。 考查数词用法。第一空表示“第一张”，要用序数词first；第二空表示“七岁”，要用基数词seven。 A. one, seven（第一空应为序数词first，错误）；B. one, seventh（第一空应为first，第二空应为基数词seven，错误）；C. first, seventh（第二空应为基数词seven，错误）；D. first, seven（序数词和基数词用法均正确）。故选D。 9. It’s the __ time for me to volunteer in a hospital. I don’t know anything about it. A. first B. second C. third D. last 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这是我第一次在医院做志愿者，我对此一无所知。 考查序数词辨析。first（第一）；second（第二）；third（第三）；last（最后）。根据“I don't know anything about it.”（我对此一无所知），可以判断这是第一次做志愿者，没有相关经验。 A. first（符合语境，正确）；B. second（如果是第二次，就不会一无所知，不符合语境）；C. third（如果是第三次，就不会一无所知，不符合语境）；D. last（最后一次，与语境无关）。故选A。 10. Everyone in my family does chores ________ my little brother because he is only 10 months old. A．besides B．except C．beside D. for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我家里每个人都做家务，除了我弟弟，因为他只有10个月大。 考查介词辨析。besides除了，包括在内；except除了，不包括在内；beside在旁边。根据“Everyone in my family does chores...my little brother because he is only 10 months old.”可知除了弟弟每个人都要做家务，因为他只有10个月大，所以是不包括他，用介词except。故选B。 11. The best things ________ life are free, like hugs, smiles, love and good memories. A．on B．at C．by D．in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：生活中最美好的事物都是免费的，比如拥抱、微笑、爱和美好的回忆。 考查介词。on在……上面；at在；by通过；in在……里面。in life“在生活中”，是固定搭配。故选D。 12. Xizang opened its first flight to Hong Kong ________ February 19th, 2025. A．in B．on C．at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2025年2月19日，西藏开通了首条飞往香港的航线。 考查介词辨析。in在某年某月某季节；on在某一天；at在某时刻。空后是具体某一天，用介词on。故选B。 13.（2025·福建·中考真题）Sue looked at her son ________. She couldn’t believe that he won the game. A．in surprise B．by mistake C．on purpose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：苏惊讶地望着自己的儿子。她简直不敢相信他竟然赢得了比赛。 考查介词短语辨析。in surprise惊讶地；by mistake错误地；on purpose故意地。根据“She couldn’t believe that he won the game.”可知，苏很惊讶，故选A。 14. He wouldn’t allow bad moods to get ________ when he was doing his job. A．on the way B．in the way C．along the way D．by the way 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他在工作时不会让坏情绪妨碍自己。 考查介词短语。on the way在路上；in the way阻碍，妨碍；along the way沿途；by the way顺便说一下。根据“He wouldn’t allow bad moods to get...when he was doing his job.”可知，应是“不会让坏情绪妨碍自己的工作”。故选B。 15. We can do a lot to develop writing skills. ________, keep a diary. A．After all B．For example C．As a result D．In a word 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以做很多事情来培养写作技能。例如，坚持写日记。 考查介词短语。After all毕竟；For example例如；As a result因此；In a word总之。根据“We can do a lot to develop writing skills. ..., keep a diary.”可知，此处是举例说明，故选B。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空或在空白处填入一个适当介词使句意通顺。 1.（2025日照中考题改编） Look! Black smoke is rising ________ the burning building. 【答案】above 【解析】句意：看！黑烟正从燃烧的大楼上方升起。根据“Black smoke is rising...the burning building.”，此处表示黑烟在大楼上方升起，above“在……上”。故填above。 2.（2025年临沂中考真题改编） At the same time, I understood that they take pride________ everything good that I do. 【答案】in 【解析】句意：与此同时，我明白他们为我所做的一切好事感到骄傲。根据“...everything good that I do”，应是说“为作者所做的好事感到骄傲”，take pride in“以……为傲”固定短语。故填in。 3.（2025年临沂中考真题改编） Finally, I made a new study plan ______ the help of my parents. 【答案】with 【解析】句意：最后，我在父母的帮助下制定了一个新的学习计划。根据“made a new study plan...my parents”，应是说在父母的帮助下制定了计划，with the help of“在……的帮助下”固定短语。故填with。 4.It’s well known that December is the _____（twelve） month of a year. 【答案】twelfth 【解析】句意：众所周知，十二月是一年中的第十二个月。 考查数词。twelve十二；twelfth第十二。根据“December is the...month of a year”可知十二月是一年中的第十二个月，此处表示顺序用序数词twelfth。故填twelfth。 5.—When are you going on holiday? —I’m not sure, perhaps the ______ (two) week in July. 【答案】second 【解析】句意：——你什么时候去度假？——我不确定，可能是七月的第二周。 考查数词。two二；second第二；twice两次。根据“perhaps the...week in July.”可知，此处表示七月的第二周，表示顺序，需用序数词second。故填second。 6.Two ______( hundred) dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford to buy it. 【答案】 hundred 【解析】句意：两百美元足够买自行车了，但是我买不起。 考查数词用法和不定式用法。hundred前面有具体数字时，用单数。故填 hundred 7. （2025年日照中考真题节选）She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay ________ her for life. 【答案】with 【解析】句意：她说这次旅行给了她许多将终生难忘的回忆。“stay with sb.”表示“陪伴某人，与某人同在”，此处指记忆会陪伴她一生，因此用介词“with”。故填with。 8. —Dr. Know, I can’t keep my son away from the screen. What should I do? —By doing creative activities with him, he may not depend________ the screen too much. 【答案】on 【解析】句意：——Know医生，我不能让我儿子远离屏幕。我该怎么办？——通过和他一起做创造性的活动，他可能不会太依赖屏幕。 depend on，依赖，固定搭配。故填on。 9.—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years. —Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together. 【答案】for; of 【解析】句意：——我非常想念比尔，因为我们已经两年没见面了。——我也是。每当我看到这张照片，都会想起我们一起度过的快乐日子。 考查现在完成时及动词短语。根据“we haven’t seen each other…two years”可知，此处是现在完成时，与“for+一段时间”连用，第一空应填for。第二空考查短语remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。故填for; of。 10. About three__________(four)of the earth is covered with water. 【答案】fourths 【解析】句意：地球大约四分之三都被水覆盖。 考查分数表达。英语中表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s。“四分之三”的正确表达为three fourths，故填fourths。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins 1._______ the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the largest of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2._______ is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology 3 ._______(follow ) them and learn more about how to protect them. One of the ways researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken 4._______satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists 5._______(one)started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 6._______( discovere) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live 7._______ different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 8._______(careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know what the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving them special electronic tags. A scanner 9._______ (carry)by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin 10._______(researcher), hopes the technology will lead us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. 【答案】1. With 2. on 3. to follow 4. by 5. first 6. have discovered 7. in 8. carefully 9. is carried 10. researchers 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了科技如何帮助帝企鹅，包括利用卫星观测、天气监测和电子标签等技术在研究帝企鹅方面的应用。 1.句意：随着科技的发展，我们对动物有了很多了解。 考查固定搭配。“with the development of...”是固定短语，意为“随着……的发展”，句首单词首字母需大写，故填 With。 2.句意：它们生活的南极海冰正变得越来越小。  考查动词短语。“live on”表示“靠……生活；以……为食；生活在……上”，此处指企鹅生活在南极海冰上，故填 on。 3. 句意：现在科学家们正在利用高科技来追踪它们。 考查非谓语动词。“use sth. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“使用某物做某事”，此处用不定式表目的，故填 to follow。 4. 句意：研究人员实现这一目标的方法之一是查看来自地球上方卫星拍摄的照片。 考查介词。“taken by satellites”是过去分词短语作后置定语，“by”用于被动语态中，引出动作的执行者satellites，故填 by。 5. 句意：当科学家们首次使用卫星观察企鹅时。 考查副词。此处修饰动词started，需用副词形式，“first”作副词意为“首次；首先”，故填 first。 6. 句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经发现了66个群体。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“So far”（到目前为止），可知本句需用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语scientists是复数，助动词用have，discover的过去分词是discovered，故填 have discovered。 7. 句意：数出不同群体中生活着多少只企鹅非常困难。 考查介词。“in different groups”是固定搭配，意为“在不同群体中”，故填 in。 8. 句意：科学家可以通过仔细观察该地区的天气来改进种群估计。 考查副词。此处修饰动词watching，需用副词形式，careful的副词是carefully，故填 carefully。 9. 句意：机器人携带扫描仪，它可以读取标签上的信息。 考查动词时态与语态。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语A scanner与carry之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态“is carried”，故填 is carried。 10. 句意：丹尼尔，企鹅研究人员之一。 考查名词复数。“one of + the + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……之一”，researcher的复数形式是researchers，故填 researchers。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难08 数词、介词 内容导航 第一部分 重难考向解读 拆解核心难点，明确备考要点 核心模块 重难考向 考法解读/考向预测 第二部分 重难要点剖析 精解核心要点，点拨解题技巧 要点梳理 典例验知 技巧点拨 类题夯基 考向01 数词 考向02 介词 第三部分 重难提分必刷 靶向突破难点，精练稳步进阶 重●难●考●向●解●读 近几年中考中考查重点： 一、数词： 1. 数词变形：基数词变序数词。 2. 数词与名词搭配，判断单复数形式。 二、介词： 1.时间介词、方位介词、方式工具、范围等 3. 固定搭配 常见考查形式：单项选择、语法填空（有/无提示词）、完形填空、单句填空、短文填空等。 命题导向：回归课标，弱化纯规则记忆，强化真实情境+语篇逻辑+文化融合。 重●难●要●点●剖●析 （考向01 数词 要点梳理 数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种：基数词，用于计数，表示人或物的数目多少。如：one, two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序，如：first second… 一、基数词的构成和读法 1，1-12的构成为独立单词one , two ， three ，four, five, six,seven, eight, nine, ten ,eleven, twelve. 2, 13-19的构成都以后缀-teen结尾，但thirteen，fifteen，eighteen为不规则变化 3, 20-90的构成都以后缀-ty结尾，但twenty，thirty，forty，eighty为不规则变化 4, 21-99的构成是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符-   e.g. 25 twenty-five 5.１０１～９９９的三位数字，由hundred 加and 再加二位数或未位数字，如： 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上数字，应从个位起向前数三位加逗号，读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号，读作million,再数三位加逗号，读作billion，其读法如下： 1001-one thousand and one５３８６-five thousand, three hundred and eighty－six 【注意】 基数词修饰hundred, thousand, million, billion等词时, 这些词要用单数形式; 若与介词of搭配构成短语表示不确定的数目时, 这些词要用复数形式。例如: two hundred students二百名学生：three thousand sheep三千只羊：hundreds of dollars几百美元：millions of workers数百万工人 二、序数词 1，序数词多数由“基数词-th”构成，序数词前一般加定冠词the 2，少数序数词构成属特殊情况 one-first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth  twelve-twelfth 3,以y结尾的十位整数，先将y改为i，再加-eth   e.g. thirty-thirtieth 4,21以上的多位数，要将末位数改为序数词，前面其他位数仍用基数词  e.g. eighty-three—eighty-third  nine hundred and sixty-two—nine hundred and sixty-second 5,序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成  e.g. first—1st      second—2nd 三、数词的用法 1, 编号事物的表示 编号的事物常用“名词+基数词”表示，也可用“序数词+名词”表示；如果数字较大，需用“名词+基数词”表示。如， the ninth unit =Unit 9   World WarⅡ = the second world war ； Room 305  7 2, 年、月、日、时的写法和读法 ① 表示日期用序数词，前面加定冠词  e.g. 3月8日 March the eighth ② 年份一般分为两部分读，先读前两位数，再读后两位数   e.g. 1949 nineteen forty-nine ③ 以上时间合在一起的写法  e.g. 1955年10月1日上午10点  10:00 a.m. October 1st, 1955 3,分数的表示法 分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分数要在序数词上加s，但１／２用one half, 1/ 4 用a quarter. １/３ 读作one third而 ２ /３ 读作two thirds。 4, 小数、百分数的表示 小数的小数点读作point，零读作oh或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如，  e.g.  6.4 six point four     12.409 twelve point four oh nine 百分数(%)，读作per cent (percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。如，50% 5，次数，倍数的表示 一倍/次，once，两倍/次twice,而三倍/次以上用序数词加times, 如：He has three times as many books as I have. 典例验知 （2024年东营中考）I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister. A. one B. the first C. the second D. the third 技巧点拨 句意：我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。 考查序数词。one一；the first第一；the second第二；the third第三。根据“I have an elder brother and a younger sister.”可知，“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹，所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。故选C。 类题夯基 1. It’s said that ______ of the water around the world ______ polluted. A. two third; has B. two thirds; have C. two third; are D. two thirds; is 2. We planted trees last year. A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. five hundreds D. five hundred of （考向02 介词 要点梳理 一、时间介词 1. 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 1）1.at用于表示时刻、时刻的某一点 e.g. at eleven o’clock \ at noon \ at present 2）on用于表示星期几，某日，具体到某一天，节日，某天的上午、下午、晚上，即，特定的早，午，晚（在morning,afternoon,evening,night前有修饰词时，用on） e.g. on Saturday , On March 8th, on Sunday morning, on the afternoon of March 8th , on a cold night 3）in用于表示一段时间多用在年份，季节， 月份或morning,afternoon,evening前（注意：at noon/night） e.g. in December \ in spring, in 1970, in the morning/afternoon/ evening/night 2.表示前后用before，after A. before:在….之前 e.g. Come and see me tomorrow at any time before eleven a.m. B. after:在….之后 e.g. Spring comes after winter. 3.表示期限等用by，until，till A, by:在….之前，不迟于 e.g. By the time I arrived, she had already gone. B，Until，till:直到….为止 e.g. The radio worked all night till last night. 【注意】 until常与not连用，构成“not---until”结构，意为 “直到---才”。 4.表示期间等用for，during等 A.for:达….之久（加一段时间，表示过了多少时间，多用how long 提问） e.g. My Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks. B.during:在…时期当中 e.g. He woke many times during the night. 5.表示时间的起点用from，since A.from:从….起 e.g. From sunrise to sunset he waited. B.since:自从….以来（多加过去时间点） e.g. Since my last letter I have heard from him twice. 6.表示时间的经过等用in，等 in:过….后（未来时间，多用how soon提问） e.g. I heard that she would be back in a month. 二、表示地点、方向的介词 1.表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，below，near，by，between---and，among，around，round，in front of，behind，across from,next to e.g. There are many trees around the lake. 【注意】 表示“某地在….里”时要用in；表示“某地在另外一地某方向”时要用on或to；如果两地有空间距离（不接壤）时，必须用to. 如， Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国的东南部。 Taiwan is to the south of Fujian 台湾在福建的南部。 Laiwu is on the east of Taian 莱芜在泰安的东部。 2.表示方向的介词：in，into，out of，along，down，across，through，to，towards，for，from，over，by，past e.g. You must put the dirty paper in the basket. 【注意】 across和 through的区别：across 从...的表面穿过，through从...的内部穿过。表示游渡，乘船过海或过河时用across.如， The river runs through the city. Go across the bidge, you’ll find the park 【注意】 常用方位介词短语小结 in front of 在---前面。如，There is a big tree in front of our classroom. in the front of 在---前部。如，Tom is sitting in the front of the classroom. at the back of 在---后部。如，There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom. next to 靠近，相邻。如，The post office is next to a hospital. across from 在---对过。如， There is a post office across from the hospital. between---and 在---和---之间。如，There is a post office between the hospital and the library. 三、其他介词 1,表示原因的介词短语because of e.g. Because of her illness my grandma stayed in bed for a week. 【注意】 because, because of 的区别： because是连词后接从句，because of 后接名词或名词性短语。 如，Because of her illness my grandma stayed in bed for a week.= My grandma stayed in bed for a week because she was ill. 2.表示手段和材料等用法的介词:with，in，by 1),with：和…在一起，带有、具有，用某种具体工具、材料或人体器官 I believe it with my eyes. He is cutting paper with a knife . Can I write the exam paper with a pen 常用短语：with the help of 2），in：以…形式，以…方式；用…语言/声音，表示穿...衣着，用墨水、颜料等原料等。e.g. She keeps a diary in English. 3）by：用...手段或方式。 如， The old man had to make a living by selling vegetables 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。 by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bike=on a bikeby ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a busby plane=on a plane by air 空运 by land 陆运by sea 海运 on foot 3,表示“由….制成”的介词:of，from A.of：表示成品看得出原材料 e.g. The table is made of wood. B.from：表示成品看不出原材料 e.g. This kind of paper is made from wood. 4, beside, besides, exept beside 是"在……旁边"，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……"， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是除------之外（不再有），如：I come here every day except Sunday. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 5.without，like，as，against等介词用法 A.without：没有 e.g. He rushed to the office without having his breakfast. 【注意】 常用短语：without one’s help B.like：像，如，跟…一样 e.g. What’s he like? C.as：作为 e.g. He is famous as a scientist here. D.against：靠着，反对 e.g. Don’t stand against the door. We are against building a new zoo in our city. 常用短语：be against (doing) sth; have nothing against 典例验知 (2025年济南完形填空节选)A group of neighbors, led by Sarah, decided to change an unused corner of the street _______ a community garden. A. by B. from C. with D. into 技巧点拨 句意：一群邻居在萨拉的带领下，决定将街道上一个闲置的角落改造成一个社区花园。 by通过；from从；with和；into转变成。根据“decided to change an unused corner of the street...a community garden”可知，将街道上一个闲置的角落改造成一个社区花园，此处是change...into...“将……转变成……”。故选D。 类题夯基 1.—Do you like sports? —Sure. I am good ________ table tennis. A．of B．at C．To D. with 2．Most students in our school go home ________ bus on weekends. A．in B．on C．at D．by 重●难●提●分●必●刷 一、单项选择 1.（2025年东营中考真题） Small changes, like drinking water ________ cola, can help you lose weight. A. ahead of B. because of C. instead of D. together with 2.（2025年青岛中考完形填空节选）An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be bought ______ an inch of gold”. A. for B. from C. in D. with 3.（2025年威海完形填空节选）The woodpecker can wrap (包) its long tongue ________ its brain inside its head. A. around B. along C. above 4. 4. There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys. So, the club has ______ girls. A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40 5. —“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently. —Yeah, it receives __________ Internet hits(点击) a day. A. thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. ten thousands 6. Can you imagine what life will be like in ______ time? A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-year 7. of the coats made of cotton. They feel comfortable. A. Two-thirds; is B. Two-thirds; are C. Two-third; is D. Two –third; are 8. —When did you start to collect stamps? —I got my ______ stamp when I was ______ years old. A. one, seven B. one, seventh C. first, seventh D. first, seven 9. It’s the __ time for me to volunteer in a hospital. I don’t know anything about it. A. first B. second C. third D. last 10. Everyone in my family does chores ________ my little brother because he is only 10 months old. A．besides B．except C．beside D. for 11. The best things ________ life are free, like hugs, smiles, love and good memories. A．on B．at C．by D．in 12. Xizang opened its first flight to Hong Kong ________ February 19th, 2025. A．in B．on C．at 13.（2025·福建·中考真题）Sue looked at her son ________. She couldn’t believe that he won the game. A．in surprise B．by mistake C．on purpose 14. He wouldn’t allow bad moods to get ________ when he was doing his job. A．on the way B．in the way C．along the way D．by the way 15. We can do a lot to develop writing skills. ________, keep a diary. A．After all B．For example C．As a result D．In a word 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空或在空白处填入一个适当介词使句意通顺。 1.（2025日照中考题改编） Look! Black smoke is rising ________ the burning building. 2.（2025年临沂中考真题改编） At the same time, I understood that they take pride________ everything good that I do. 3.（2025年临沂中考真题改编） Finally, I made a new study plan ______ the help of my parents. 4.It’s well known that December is the _____（twelve） month of a year. 5.—When are you going on holiday? —I’m not sure, perhaps the ______ (two) week in July. 6.Two ______( hundred) dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford to buy it. 7. （2025年日照中考真题节选）She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay ________ her for life. 8. —Dr. Know, I can’t keep my son away from the screen. What should I do? —By doing creative activities with him, he may not depend________ the screen too much. 9.—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years. —Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together. 10. About three__________(four)of the earth is covered with water. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins 1._______ the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the largest of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2._______ is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology 3 ._______(follow ) them and learn more about how to protect them. One of the ways researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken 4._______satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists 5._______(one)started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 6._______( discovere) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live 7._______ different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 8._______(careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know what the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving them special electronic tags. A scanner 9._______ (carry)by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin 10._______(researcher), hopes the technology will lead us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $