阅读组合训练Unit 1-Unit 3 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

八下新版 Unit 1-Unit 3 阅读组合训练 一、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) Lily and Mia are good friends. Last Friday was Mia's birthday. Lily spent three days making a bookmark (书签) for her, and 1 drew Mia’ s cat on it. During the break, Lily 2 it in Mia’ s desk. Later that day, Lily saw Mia laughing with another classmate about an“ugly painting”. Lily felt 3 , thinking Mia was talking about her bookmark. 4 filled her heart, and she ran away. For the next two days,she 5 Mia. Mia didn't understand 6 was wrong with Lily. She told her mother about it. Her mother 7 her to have a talk with Lily. On Monday, Mia stopped Lily. “Why are you avoiding me?” Mia asked loudly. Lily 8 her,“Because that day you said my 9 was ugly!” Mia explained, “No! I meant my painting! Your bookmark is so special 10 I keep it in my notebook every day!” Lily realized her 11 . She said sincerely, “I'm sorry. I let my anger 12 me.”“Me too,” Mia replied softly. 13 exchanged smiles and made up. The bookmark became a 14 of their stronger friendship. True friendship needs trust and communication. It is also 15 to learn to manage emotions. This way, misunderstandings never grow. ( ) 1. A. even B. much C. almost D. very ( ) 2. A. touched B. reminded C. promised D. put ( ) 3. A. joyful B. down C. excited D. relaxed ( ) 4. A. Anger B. Panic C. Stress D. Trust ( ) 5. A. bullied B. missed C. avoided D. forgave ( ) 6. A. how B. what C. why D. when ( ) 7. A. advised B. allowed C. dared D. took ( ) 8. A. took back B. shouted at C. cared about D. looked for ( ) 9. A. painting B. cat C. book D. school ( )10. A. because B. if C. but D. that ( )11. A. change B. secret C. mistake D. decision ( )12. A. hurt B. protect C. control D. push ( )13. A. He B. She C. We D. They ( )14. A. present B. symbol C. fault D. standard ( )15. A. simple B. old-fashioned C. strict D. important 二、阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分) 第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) A -HOW TO DEAL WITH- PEER PRESSURENO What is peer(同龄人) pressure? Peer pressure is the influence from those in your age group. They may push you to behave differently. If you do as they say, you may ... get into trouble think it is not right make poor choices When does it begin? When children start to pay attention to what others think of them. A study says this can be as young as 3 or 4. Reasons why teens give in (屈服) to peer pressure: Be scared of looking silly. Be scared of losing friends. Want to be cooler or more popular. How to deal with peer pressure? Say no. Learn to say no when you' re under peer pressure. The more you practise, the more confident you will feel. Have a backup plan. Sometimes, it's good to have a plan Bin mind, like planning a different activity or changing the subject. Find positive friends. If someone truly cares about you, he won't ask you to do something you don't want to do.So choose your friends wisely. ( )16. You may face peer pressure when your peers ask you to . A. pay attention to them B. take up a hobby C. behave differently D. be their friends ( )17. When do children first start to experience peer pressure according to a study? A. At 3 or 4 years old. B. In Grade 3 or Grade 4. C. In junior high school. D. In high school. ( )18. Why do some teens give in to peer pressure? A. To be part of their group. B. To get help in studies. C. To make their parents happy. D. To grow stronger. ( )19. What should you do to deal with peer pressure? A. Just do what the peers say. B. Avoid making positive friends. C. Be cooler or more popular. D. Practise saying no confidently. ( )20. Where can you most probably read the text? A. In a history book. B. In a health guide book. C. In a children's novel. D. On a fashion poster. B I still remember the day my mother stopped me, saying,“Lisa, you are the eldest. Please be careful with your words,especially in front of your younger siblings (兄弟姐妹).”I didn't think I said anything wrong while talking to my friend on the phone. However, as I hung up, I saw my younger sister and brother watching me. Something changed inside me right then. Now, I notice the same thing everywhere. When I see children on the road, my eyes always find the eldest. Such children care about the younger ones or protect them. It reminds me that being the first child means carrying a lot of responsibilities(责任), no matter where you come from. No one tells you what to do. It's just what a“good eldest sibling” does. The feelings and duties build up slowly. It takes months or even years.I see this change in small moments. One day, I saw my younger brother fall and ran to him without thinking. Another time, when I got home, my younger sister asked me to help with her project. Although I was tired, we worked together and finished it. These experiences make me feel strong and proud. Seeing them smile and feel safe is all I need. I set an example by being there for them. This is the pride and responsibility of being the eldest. ( )21. Why did Mum stop Lisa when she was talking on the phone? A. To tell her a story. B. To remind her to watch her words. C. To ask her a question. D. To ask her to help with a project. ( )22. According to the writer, who tells the eldest child what to do? A. Their parents. B. Their teachers. C. Their siblings. D. No one. ( )23. What can we infer(推断) about the eldest sibling's duties? A. They are different in each country. B. They develop quietly over time. C. They begin when the eldest grows up. D. They start naturally when the eldest is born. ( )24. What does the underlined word“pride” mean in Chinese? A.激动 B.沮丧 C.自豪 D.疲惫 ( )25. What is the main purpose of thus passage? A. To share funny stories about siblings. B. To ask parents to treat every child well. C. To discuss the challenges of taking care of siblings. D. To describe the role and feelings of the eldest sibling. C Making new friends isn't easy. It can be difficult to think of what to talk about, so we often choose safe topics like the weather or food. These conversations are polite, but often seem meaningless and can't develop a real friendship.So, is there a way to feel close to someone much faster? Research shows that asking deep and thought-provoking(引人深思的) questions can build strong connections more quickly.This idea first came from the studies in the late 1990s. In these studies,researchers asked some strangers to talk about personal topics such as, “What is a perfect day like for you?” or“What's the most important gift for you?”After talking for 45 minutes, these people said they felt surprisingly close,and some even kept in contact after the studies ended. Then in 2024, researchers in the Netherlands had a special thought:Can this way also work to improve the relationships between parents and their children? During their studies, parents asked their children deeper and more meaningful questions such as“What do you think of our family?” or“When was the last time you felt alone?” Also, before and after the talks,these children answered some simple questions about how they felt. Even after just nine minutes of talking, these children felt their connections with their parents got stronger. Psychologists(心理学家) say asking deep questions helps us build connections with others because it encourages self-disclosure(自我表露).When we open up and share our own thoughts, this creates feelings of closeness. Maybe building a close relationship with someone doesn't always take years. Sometimes, it can start in just a few minutes. ( )26. How does the writer like the safe topics? A. Deep but strange. B. Polite but useless. C. Negative and boring. D. Powerful and positive. ( )27. What did the researchers ask people to do in the late 1990s studies? A. To send some gifts to strangers. B. To ask about something personal. C. To keep in contact with researchers. D. To describe what a bad day was like. ( )28. Which question did the parents probably ask in the 2024 studies? A. What class do you have this morning? B. What is your study plan for this week? C. What is your favourite movie this month? D. What are you most thankful for this year? ( )29. What do we know from the fourth paragraph? A. Why asking deep questions is helpful. B. How we can ask psychologists for help. C. What close relationships mean to everyone. D. When people should share their thoughts. ( )30. What is the best title for the passage? A. Choosing fun topics matters a lot B. The importance of forming friendships C. The secret to making new friends quickly D. Building close relationships takes a lot of doing 第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，从方框内所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。(选项中有一项多余) Life can be hard sometimes, but changing your mindset(心态) can make a difference. How can you stay positive and happy? Here are some simple ways. Have positive thoughts. When you find yourself thinking negatively,stop and try to change your thoughts. Don't say, “31. ” Try thinking, “I can do this if I keep trying.” Praise yourself. Say something nice to yourself for your achievements and even for your hard work.32. For example, you can tell yourself, “You did so well today!” 33. Smiling can make your mind feel happier. So try to give yourself a happy smile when you' re stressed or upset. It will help you to be in high spirits. Choose positive friends. The people around you can affect how you feel. 34. And stay away from those who complain (抱怨) too much. A positive social circle can help you stay happy. Be thankful. Every night, write down two things you' re thankful for.35. Share your thanks with others as well—— it brings joy to everyone. Staying positive takes practice, but it's a good thing to do. Start today and you' ll see how small changes brighten your life! A. Try to smile. B. I can't do this. C. Be nice to others. D. Read the list when you feel blue. E. Spend time with happy and positive people. F. And remind yourself how strong, smart, or hard-working you are. 三、短文填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 air pull hurtful herself argue clear bad solution behave of Off the Map is a novel about adventure(冒险) and growing up. In the book, Amos and Marlo were best friends. From playing soccer to sitting together at lunch, they did everything together until Amos suddenly stopped talking to Marlo. Marlo found this very 36. Marlo was upset, but she didn't want to shut 37. away.To forget her anger, she decided to go on a canoe(皮划艇) trip with her mother. But when they arrived, she saw Amos and his father 38. by the river. Their parents surprised them with a trip. Marlo thought it was the 39. surprise ever. After their parents asked them to share a canoe, they started40. . This made them take a wrong turn and get lost. They had to 41. together to find their way back to safety. They looked for42. to face challenges, like bad weather and wild animals.During hard times, they talked about their friendship. Marlo learned why Amos 43. strangely, and Amos apologized to Marlo. The novel is full 44. amazing adventures, but for the writer, the heart of the story is the conversations between Marlo and Amos.The writer wants readers to see how they cleared the 45. and rebuilt their trust. The writer also hopes readers enjoy exploring the outdoors and the meaning of friendship. 四、读写综合(共两节，满分25分) 第一节任务型阅读(共5小题，满分10分) 阅读短文，用英文填空或回答问题(注意每小题的词数要求)。 To help parents be better parents, a university in Shanghai started the family education major(专业). About 120 parents with children of different ages are interested in it. To get a diploma (文凭), they need to finish 100class hours. “Through the classes, we want to help them feel less stressed and build a healthy relationship with their children,” said Yan Hanbing, a dean(院长) at the university. There are more than 20 different kinds of classes for parents to choose from. “For example, parents will learn the reasons why teenagers get addicted to (对······上瘾) the internet, such as meeting a difficulty or not having a friend to play with in life. That will help them solve the problem easily.” Hao Zhaoqiang is a father. He wants to make a change by taking the classes. “I hope that my change will help my child to be a happier and better person,” he said. 46&48. Fill in the blanks according to the passage.(第46题1分,第47、48题各2分) Family education major How to get a diploma Parents need to 46. 100 class hours.(仅填1词) Purpose To help parents feel less stressed and 47. with their children.(不超过5词) Classes There are more than 48. for parents to |choose from.(不超过5词) 9. Why are many teenagers addicted to the internet? 49.Why are many teenagers addicted to the internet? (列举两项，不超过15词，2分) 50. What can you learn from Mr Hao's words? (结合自身实际，不超过20词，3分) 第二节书面表达(共1题，满分15分) 假如你是王宁，你的地理老师张老师在生活和学习上都给予了你很多指引和帮助。请你根据下面的提示，给张老师写一封感谢信。 My problems: ·I felt lonely when I first became a boarder(住校生). ·I was bad at geography. My change: ·I'm starting to feel at home. What did Mr Zhang do? · He took care of me at school. 要求： 1.包含提示信息，可适当发挥； 2.语句通顺，语法正确，行文连贯，书写工整； 3.80词左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。 Dear Mr Zhang, Sincerely, Wang Ning KEYS 1-5 ADBAC 6-10 BABAD 11-15 CCDBD 16-20CAADB 21-25BDBCD 26-30BBDAD 31-35BFAED 36-45hurtful herself pulling worst arguing to pull solutions behaved of air 46 finish 47build a healthy relationship 48twenty different kinds of classes. 49Meeting a difficulty ; not having a friend to play with in life 50Parents need to learn how to get well on their own children.It’s necessary to learn something about the relationship between parents and kids. 一、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) Jamie Smart is a little photographer from Powys, the UK. She showed 1 in photography at age six. Like any child with a new hobby, she took photos just for fun at first. She 2 imagined that one day she would become famous around the world for her photography. At ten, Jamie 3 the Youngest Wildlife Photography Award for the year.2025. Her winning photo 4 a deer making a loud call. She 5 it while out working with another wildlife photographer Danny Green. It was not 6 to take this photo — it meant she worked 12 hours a day, from early morning to late evening. Jamie 7 how she got the perfect photo. “I walked carefully along a path(小路) and stood up tall 8 the grass wouldn't block my view(阻碍视线). Then I began to 9 the perfect moment. Finally, the deer lay down (躺下). I lay down too. The grass was tall and covered his face,but when he called, he lifted his body and I was able to take the 10 .” she said Besides, Jamie knows a lot about wildlife.This plays a key 11 in helping her take those amazing photos, She 12 her love for wildlife and photography with her fans online. She also hosts a podcast(播客) to chat with animal experts and give some useful 13 to young people on how to take photos. For Jamie, photography is more than a 14 .It's also a bridge to bring people closer to nature,and it 15 them to protect . wildlife. She hopes her photos will make more people love and care for nature. 1. A. stress B. experience C. trust D. interest 2. A. never B. yet C. usually D. already 3. A. made B. found C. won D. forgot 4. A. designed B. showed C. missed D. replaced 5. A. bought B. threw C. chose D. took 6. A. easy B. safe C. possible D. clear 7. A. learnt B. taught C. described D. managed 8. A. but B. so C. and D. or 9. A. wait for B. depend on C. stick to D. dream of 10. A. prize B. idea C. place D. photo 11. A. role B. test C. plan D. skill 12. A. imagines B. develops C. shares D.compares 13. A. gifts B. books C. postcards D. suggestions 14. A. story B. hobby C. game D. deal 15. A. encourages B. orders C. greets D. pays 二、阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。 A Summer Camp Do you want a fun place to learn Chinese and experience Chinese culture this summer? Le Chinese is a great choice for you! It offers small groups of 2-3 people for you to learn Chinese in an effective (有效的) way. Activities like singing Chinese songs.Chinese storytelling. role-playing games.watching Chinese movies and outdoor treasure hunts will help you have fun exploring Chinese culture! The summer camp runs from 16th July2026 to 15th August 2026. Age: 13 to 16 years old Price:$1,200/ person Register(报名) before 15th June to enjoy 15% off. Contact us: Tel:9825 6928 Email: LeChinese@163.com Website: www.LeChinese.com 16. What does the summer camp mainly help children do? A. Play sports. B. Learn English. C Make friends from other countries. D. Learn Chinese and enjoy Chinese culture. 17. What activities does the summer camp offer? ①Chinese dance. ②Treasure hunts. ③Role-playing games. ④Telling Chinese stories. A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④ 18. How long will the summer campaign A. About half a month. B. About twenty days. C. About one month. D. About two months. 19. Who can join the summer camp? A. Lily, 12 years old. B. Sam, 14 years old. C. Ben,17 years old. D. Sarah,18 years old. 20. How much does Jack need to pay for the summer camp if he registers on 5th June? A.$180. B. $800. C.$1,020. D.$1,200 B Luis, Camila, and their 3 children creative to get healthy. Here, Camila shares how they do it. Some days it's hard to motivate the kids and ourselves to get moving, especially after a long day at school and work. But we' ve found some ways to do some activities.On weekdays, we just do jumping jacks(开合跳) - or push-ups in the living room while we watch I V, or we do a few dance moves while we clean up before bedtime. And at weekends, we ride bikes or throw a ball around in the park. We all have fun, and doing exercise helps the kids sleep better and focus at school. ▲ But making healthy meals that every family member likes is not easy! What works for us is planning meals together and getting the kids taking part in the kitchen tasks. Every weekend,the kids help us make a meal plan and write a shopping list of everything we need. It helps us stay on budget, and the kids can choose what they want to eat. On our busy days, we work together to prepare meals ahead of time. The kids help prepare some healthy snacks, and we cook simple dishes like baked fish, boiled eggs, or steamed chicken.At last, we store them in the fridge for easy heating, so we can eat a balanced meal fast after work. These simple habits bring us closer while keeping everyone happy and healthy. It's amazing how these little changes can make such a big difference in our family's life! 21. What does the underlined word“motivate”in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Trust. B. Encourage. C. Allow. D. Check. 22. How does the family exercise on weekdays? A. They ride bikes. B. They run in the park. C. They throw a ball, around. D. They do small activities at home. 23. What's the best sentence for“ ▲ ”? A. Playing sports takes lots of time. B. Doing exercise every day is not as important as eating well. C. Because we focus on meals every day,we have little time for sports. D. Besides keeping exercising, we also focus on healthy eating as a family. 24. How does the family manage meals on busy days? A. They-eat-simple snacks B. They go out to eat at restaurants. C. They prepare dishes ahead of time. D. They pay others to cook for them. 25. What is the passage mainly about? A. A family's ways to stay healthy. B Why kids should help in the kitchen. C. The importance of eating healthy food. D. How a family does exercise at weekends. C “Run, run, run!” your coach (教练) shouts in your ear. You try your best and keep your balance as you run fast across the grass. The wind fills your paragliding wing.Soon,you jump off the ground and start flying.This is your first paragliding trip! Paragliding is a kind of human flight (飞行) that starts with your feet and lets you fly like a bird. The idea of human flight goes back to Leonardo da Vinci, but modern paragliding got its start from NASA. Back in the 1960s, NASA needed to find a way to help spacecraft (航天器) return to Earth safely. A pilot named David Barish created a lightweight parachute (降落伞). NASA didn't use it at last, but Barish's design helped start the sport of modern paragliding. Now, paragliding wings are stronger, safer and easier to use. People keep setting new paragliding records In fact, the latest world record for the farthest flight is over 600 km! Paragliders can put everything they need into.one bag that usually weighs between 10 and 25kilograms. But if you are a beginner, it's best to fly with a coach. A coach can help you manage.some difficult situations. This way, you can relax and enjoy the ride. Does it sound fun? Don't just dream about flying freely. Get ready, run, lift off —— and discover the fun of paragliding! 26. How does the writer start the passage? A.By asking a question B. By telling a historical story. C. By introducing an interesting rule. D. By describing an exciting experience. 27. What does the underlined word“it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. David Barish's design. B. The NASA spacecraft. C. The way to return to Earth. D. Lconardo da Vinci's idea. 28. What can we infer(推断) from Paragraph 3? A. Paragliding is very exciting. B. Raragliding is becoming less popular. C Paragliders are making amazing achievements. D. Paragliders are less interested in setting records. 29. Why should beginners fly with a coach? A. Because a coach can help carry the heavy bags. B. Because a coach can help them set world records. C. Because a coach can teach them to make parachutes. D. Because a coach can solve difficult problems during the flight. 30. What's the best title for the passage? A. NASA's great designs B. The history of human flight C. An exciting sport —— paragliding.. D. Amazing paragliding world records 第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，从方框内所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通颖、连贯。(选项中有项多余) Food is an important part of our lives.(31) It offers us energy and nutrients (营养) for growing. Eating a balanced diet.(日常饮食)can also help us stay fit and strong. (32) Fruits and vegetables are great because they offer us vitamins, minerals and fiber(维生素、矿物质和纤维). Foods rich in protein(蛋白质) like eggs, beans, and fish help with growth.(33) Eating different kinds of foods is important.Experts suggest that half of our plate should be fruits and vegetables,a quarter grains,and a quarter protein like fishy or chicken,(34) Eating different foods lets us try different tastes. It also makes eating more enjoyable. Besides, we should eat the right amount (数量). Do not eat too much sugar or salt (35). Getting regular physical activity will help us stay healthy too. In short, food is very important for us. Let's make smart food choices and enjoy the benefits of a balanced diet every day! A. We all need food to live. B. Drink enough water every day. C. Choose a kind of food we like best. D. Every day, we can choose from many kinds of foods. E. Grains offer us carbohydrates (碳水化合物)for energy. F. This way, we can get all the important nutrients our bodies need. 三、短文填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 clear suffer lucky because patient check return illness creative achieve My mum used to be a great teacher. Not long ago, she started to (36) from AIzheimer's(阿尔茨海默病). She often got up early and got ready for school (37) he forgot she no longer taught at school. It's common for people with Alzheimer's to forget things and (38) to old habits.Caregivers and doctors can't do much except try to talk to (39) to help them understand their situation, (40) we met the nurse, Kathy. She came up with a(n) (41) idea to help my mum. She gave my mum printed (打印的) emails to edit (校订) Editing the emails felt like grading papers for my mum. L often saw her sitting among piles (一堆) of emails. She was busy (42) them and hardly got any rest. She was so focused on her work that she wasn't worried about her(43) or other things. Kathy gave my mum a(n) (44) goal every day. She didn't treat my mum as a sick woman but as a person with useful skills. Her emails gave my mum a sense of(45) each day. When I told. others. this story, many people praised Kathy. Someone said, “This is a great example of how to step into the world of a person with Alzheimer’ s.” 四、读写结合(共两节，满分25分) 第一节任务型阅读(共5小题，满分10分) 阅读短文，用英文填空或回答问题。(注意每小题的词数要求) These years, young people pay more and more attention to their health. Many are trying to change their lifestyles (生活方式) to keep. fit.Besides eating healthily and doing exercise,drinking healthy drinks has become a new way to take care of themselves. In Xiangyang, Hubei Province, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (中医) hospital has opened a tea shop that sells herbal tea drinks(药草茶饮). On the opening day, many customers waited in line to try them. Most of the customers were young people. According to them, the drinks tasted good and made them feel relaxed. Some believed the drinks helped them manage stress.Similar tea shops have also appeared in other cities, like Wuhan. These herbal tea drinks are different from common milk teas. Doctors choose the ingredients and make sure they are healthy. More and more young people are becoming interested in these herbal tea drinks, which mix TCM and modern flavours (风味) perfectly. For them, herbal tea drinks are not only about health, but also about culture and traditions. However, doctors remind people to drink herbal tea drinks wisely. They are just drinks, not cures for illnesses. They can't replace water as the daily drink, either. 46. According to Paragraph 1, young people see drinking healthy drinks as 47-49. Fill in the blanks according to the passage. (第47题1分:第48-49题各2分) Herbal tea drinks becoming popular in Hubei Why young people in Xiangyang liked them ★The drinks tasted good and made them feel relaxed. ★The drinks helped them manage(47) (仅填1词) Why they are popular ★Doctors choose the ingredients and make sure they are healthy. * They mix TCM and modern flavours perfectly. ★For young people, they are not only about health, but also about(48) 不超过3词) What doctors remind ★People should drink them wisely. ☆They are just drinks, not(49) .(不超过3词) ☆They can't replace water as the daily drink. 50. Would you like to try herbal tea drinks? Why or why not? 不超过20词，3分) 第二节书面表达(共1题，满分15分) 兴趣爱好是点燃智慧的火光。为了引导学生们培养健康的兴趣爱好，上周你校对1000名学生做了问卷调查，下表为统计结果。请你根据表格信息，用英文写一篇短文简要说明表格内容，并介绍自己的兴趣爱好及其给你带来的益处。 1,000 students’ hobbies Sports 35% Singing or dancing 25% Reading or writing 10% Painting or calligraphy 8% Others 22% 注意：1.语言表达要准确。语句通顺、连贯。 2、必须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥： 3.词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Our school did a survey among 1、000students about their hobbies. Here are the results. KEYS 1-5 DACBD 6-10 ACBAD 11-15 ACDBA 16-20 DDCBC 21-25 BDDCA 26-30 DACDC 31-35 ADEFB 36-45 suffer because return patients luckily creative checking illness clear achievement 46 a new way to take care of themselves 47 stress 48 culture and traditions 49 cures for illnesses 50 Yes.It can help me feel relaxed and manages stress. I also like the smell of herbal. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $