专题03 Units 3-4 被动语态（期中复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材沪教版

专题03 被动语态（期中复习讲义·原卷版） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 单元 语法点 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 Units 3-4 被动语态 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 句型转换 完形填空 1. 被动语态的基本结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done) 2. 三大时态的被动结构： 1　 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 2　 一般过去时：was/were + done 3　 一般将来时：will be + done 3. 被动语态的各种形式： 1　 否定形式：be + not + done / will not be + done 2　 疑问形式：Be + 主语 + done? / Will + 主语 + be + done? 5. by 短语的用法（强调动作的执行者） 6. 主动语态变被动语态的转换规则 7. 不及物动词（无被动）与及物动词的区分。 1. 语境化考查为主流：结合艺术、文化、生活等真实语境，判断时态并正确变形 2. 多时态对比考查增多：重点区分一般现在 / 过去 / 将来时的被动结构差异 3. 细节考查更细致：侧重过去分词的拼写、be 动词的人称 / 数匹配、by 短语的位置 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 被动语态的基本概念 · 被动语态：强调动作的承受者；或不知道/不需要说明执行者。中文常表示 “……被……”。 · 与主动语态的区别——主动语态：强调动作的执行者。 基本概念 示例 1. 强调动作的承受者。 The character is drawn by the artist. 角色被艺术家画。 2. 不知道/不需要说明执行者。 The character is drawn. 角色被画出来。 注意：与主动语态的区别： 主动语态：强调动作的执行者。 例：The artist draws the character. 艺术家画角色。 知识点02 被动语态的句型结构 基本结构：be + 动词的过去分词 (done) 类型 基本句型 例句 一般现在时的被动语态 肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + done ( + by sb.) Many trees are planted every year. 每年很多树被种植。 否定句： 主语 + am/is/are not + done ( + by sb.) Many trees aren’t planted every year. 每年没有很多树被种植。 一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? Are many trees planted every year? 每年很多树被种植吗? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? What are planted every year? 每年什么东西被种植？ 一般过去时的被动语态 肯定句： 主语 + was/were + done ( + by sb.) Many trees were planted last year. 去年很多树被种植。 否定句： 主语 + was/were not + done ( + by sb.) Many trees weren’t planted last year. 去年没有很多树被种植。 一般疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? Were many trees planted last year? 去年很多树被种植吗? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? What were planted last year? 去年什么东西被种植? 一般将来时的被动语态 肯定句： ① 主语 + will + be done ( + by sb.) ② 主语 + am/is/are going to + be done ( + by sb.) Many trees will be planted next year. Many trees are going to be planted next year. 明年很多树被种植。 否定句： ① 主语 + will not + be done ( + by sb.) ② 主语 + am/is/are not going to + be done ( + by sb.) Many trees won’t be planted next year. Many trees aren’t going to be planted next year. 明年没有很多树被种植。 一般疑问句： ① Will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)? ② Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)? Will many trees be planted next year? Are many trees going to be planted next year? 明年很多树被种植吗? 特殊疑问句： ① 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)? ② 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)? Where will the trees be planted next year? Where are the trees going to be planted next year? 明年树木将会被种植在哪里? 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 漏写 be 动词，直接用过去分词 ❌ The letter sent yesterday. → ✅ The letter was sent yesterday. ❌ The room cleaned every day. → ✅ The room is cleaned every day. 2. be 动词与主语的人称 / 数不匹配 ❌ The books is kept in the box. → ✅ The books are kept in the box. ❌ A new bridge were built last year. → ✅ A new bridge was built last year. 3. 过去分词拼写错误（混淆过去式 / 过去分词） ❌ The letter was sended yesterday. → ✅ The letter was sent yesterday .❌ The window was breaked by the boy. → ✅ The window was broken by the boy. 4. 主动变被动时，时态 / 结构不一致 ❌ He cleans the room every day. → The room is clean every day.✅ He cleans the room every day. → The room is cleaned every day. ❌ They built the bridge in 2020. → The bridge is built in 2020.✅ They built the bridge in 2020. → The bridge was built in 2020. 5. 不及物动词误用被动语态（无被动却加被动） ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. → ✅ The accident happened yesterday.（happen、take place、appear 等不及物动词无被动语态） 6. 带 to 的不定式被动还原错误（make/let 等） ❌ He was made work hard. → ✅ He was made to work hard.（主动语态中 make/let/have 后接不带 to 的不定式，变被动必须还原 to） 7. by 短语位置 / 用法错误 ❌ The letter was sent by he. → ✅ The letter was sent by him.（by 是介词，后接人称代词宾格） ❌ The song is sung by famous singer. → ✅ The song is sung by a famous singer. 8. 一般将来时被动结构错误（漏写 be） ❌ The work will finished tomorrow. → ✅ The work will be finished tomorrow. ❌ The meeting will be hold next week. → ✅ The meeting will be held next week. 9. 否定句结构错误（not 位置放错） ❌ The letter was not send. → ✅ The letter was not sent. ❌ The room is not clean. → ✅ The room is not cleaned. 10. 现在进行时被动 / 时态混淆 ❌ The room is being clean now. → ✅ The room is being cleaned now. ❌ The letter is sent now. → ✅ The letter is being sent now. 典例01 （一般现在时被动） —English ______ widely all over the world. —So it is. A. speaks B. is spoken C. are spoken 答案：B 解析：主语 English 是单数，且 “英语被说” 用被动语态；一般现在时被动结构为is spoken。 典例02（一般过去时被动） The house ______ in 2022. A. builds B. built C. was built 答案：C 解析：时间状语 in 2022 表示过去，house 是单数，用一般过去时被动was built。 典例03（一般将来时被动） A new library ______ in our school next year. A. will build B. will be built C. is built 答案：B 解析：next year 表示将来，被动结构为will be + 过去分词，故选 will be built。 即时检测 1. Tea ______ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. are grown 2. These books ______ to the library yesterday. A. return B. returned C. were returned 3. The letter ______ by him tomorrow. A. will send B. will be sent C. is sent 4. ______ this kind of car ______ in Beijing? A. Is; produced B. Does; produce C. Are; produced 5. When ______ the bridge ______. A. was; built B. is; build C. were; built 知识点03 动词过去分词变化规则 规则类型 具体变化规则 例词 1. 一般情况 加-ed work-worked; listen-listened 2. 以不发音字母e结尾 去e，再加-d love-loved； like-liked 3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i加-ed study - studied 4. 重读闭音节结尾的动词 双写词尾辅音字母加-ed stop - stopped 5. 不规则变化 （详见课本P142- P143） do - done; see - seen eat - eaten; go - gone 即时检测 写出下列动词的过去分词形式。 play______ make_______ go_______ like_______ write_______ take_________ carry________ put_____ stop_______ begin_______ buy________ know______ get________ break_______ die_________ 知识点04 被动语态中by短语的用法 核心功能 基本用法 例句 1. 功能： 强调动作的执行者（即：谁做了这个动作）。 2. 位置： 通常放在句末。 3. 结构： be + 过去分词 + by + 执行者。 by + 人（最常用） The song is sung by Jay Chou. 这首歌是由周杰伦唱的。 The window was broken by the boy. 窗户被那个男孩打破了。 by + 物（表示动作的发出者 / 媒介） The book was written by a computer. 这本书是由电脑编写的。 The corn is grown by farmers. 玉米是由农民种植的。 by + 反身代词（强调动作执行者是 “某人自己”） The work was finished by himself. 这项工作是由他自己完成的。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. by 是介词，代词用宾格 ❌ The letter was sent by he. ✅ The letter was sent by him. 2. by 短语常省略（当执行者不明、不重要或不想说时） ✅ The book was written. （这本书被写了。）→ 不强调谁写的 3. 注意区分 by 和 with · by + 人 / 工具（方式 / 执行者） · with + 具体工具 / 身体部位（拿着 / 用什么手段） 例：The cup was broken by the stone. （杯子被石头弄碎了。） 例：He writes with a pen. （他用钢笔写字。） 典例04 This picture ______ by my sister last week. A. draws B. drew C. was drawn 答案：C 解析：句中有by my sister（被我姐姐），表示动作执行者，用被动语态；last week 为过去时间，故用一般过去时被动was drawn。 即时检测 1. This song ______ by a famous singer. A. sings B. is sung C. sang 2. The window ______ by Tom just now. A. broke B. was broken C. breaks 3. The work ______ by themselves tomorrow. A. will finish B. will be finished C. finishes 知识点05 主动语态变被动语态的转换规则 一、核心转换公式 · 主动语态：主语 + 谓语（主动形式）+ 宾语 + 其他 · 被动语态：原宾语（新主语） + be + 过去分词 + (by + 原主语) + 其他 二、分步转换步骤（必背） 步骤 1：宾主互换 · 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语（注意人称 / 数的变化） · 把主动句的主语变成 by + 主语（放在句末，可省略）✅ 例：He cleans the room. → The room (原宾语→新主语) is cleaned by him (原主语→by 短语) 步骤 2：时态对应，变 be 动词 be 动词的时态必须和原主动句的谓语时态完全一致，同时随新主语的人称 / 数变化 步骤 3：谓语变过去分词 主动句的谓语动词，统一变为过去分词（规则变化加 - ed，不规则变化需牢记）✅ 例：clean → cleaned；write → written；go → gone 步骤 4：其他成分保留 主动句中的时间状语、地点状语等，在被动句中位置不变，直接保留✅ 例：He cleans the room every day. → The room is cleaned by him every day. 核心时态对应表 主动句时态 被动句结构（be + 过去分词） 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 He cleans the room. → The room is cleaned by him. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 He cleaned the room. → The room was cleaned by him. 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 He will clean the room. → The room will be cleaned by him. 三、特殊句式的转换规则 1. 带双宾语的主动句（give sb. sth. /show sb. sth.） 两种转换方式： 方式 1：把 ** 间接宾语（人）** 变主语，直接宾语（物）保留 ✅ He gave me a book. → I was given a book by him. 方式 2：把 ** 直接宾语（物）** 变主语，间接宾语前加 to / for ✅ He gave me a book. → A book was given to me by him.✅ He bought me a gift. → A gift was bought for me by him. 2. 带宾语补足语的主动句（make/let/ask sb. to do） 宾语变主语，宾补位置不变；主动句中省略 to 的不定式（make/let/have 等），变被动必须还原 to ✅ He made me work hard. → I was made to work hard by him. ✅ He asked me to help him. → I was asked to help him by him. 3. 短语动词的主动句（look after /take care of） 短语动词是一个整体，变被动时不能拆分，介词/副词必须保留 ✅ We should take good care of the children. → The children should be taken good care of by us. 典例05 1. Many people speak Chinese.（改为被动） Chinese ______ ______ by many people. 答案：is spoken 解析： 1　 确定语态：主动句改为被动句，结构用 be + 过去分词。 2　 变主语：原句宾语 Chinese（中文）作新主语，视作单数。 3　 定时态：原句是一般现在时，被动结构用 is/am/are + done。 4　 变分词：动词 speak 的过去分词是 spoken。 5　 组合：单数主语 + is + spoken → is spoken。 即时检测 They planted some trees last spring.（改为被动）Some trees ______ ______ by them last spring. We will hold a meeting tomorrow.（改为被动）A meeting ______ ______ ______ by us tomorrow. 知识点06 及物动词与不及物动词 一、区别 · 及物动词（vt.）：后面必须加宾语，有被动语态 · 不及物动词（vi.）：后面不能直接加宾语，没有被动语态 二、常考不及物动词（无被动，考试必考） happen, take place, appear（出现）, disappear（消失）, die, arrive, come, go, lie, sit, stand, last（持续）, break out（爆发） 例句： ✅ The accident happened yesterday. ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. ✅ The meeting took place last week. ❌ The meeting was taken place last week. 典例06 用所给动词的正确形式填空（被动 / 主动） 1. The story __________ (happen) in 2019. 答案：happened 解析： happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态。时间状语 in 2019 表示过去，用一般过去时。因此直接填 happened。 2. This book __________ (write) by Mo Yan. 解析： 1　 句中有 by Mo Yan，表示 “被莫言写”，用被动语态。 2　 写书是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时被动。 3　 主语 this book 是单数，be 动词用 was。 4　 write 的过去分词是 written。 5　 组合为 was written。 即时检测 一、判断下列句子正误，对的打√，错的打 × 并改正 1. The story was happened last year. （ ）_________________________________ 2. The bridge was built in 2020. （ ）_________________________________ 3. The accident was taken place last week. （ ）_________________________________ 4. Rice is grown in the south. （ ）_________________________________ 5. He was arrived in Shanghai yesterday. （ ）_________________________________ 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空（被动 / 主动） 1. The meeting __________ (take place) last Monday. 2. The house __________ (build) last year. 3. The fire __________ (break out) last night. 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. English ______ as a foreign language in most Chinese schools. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 2. The classroom ______ every day by the students. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 3. A new sports center ______ in our school next year. A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. is built 4. These pictures ______ on the farm last summer. A. take B. took C. are taken D. were taken 5. Knives ______ for cutting things. A. use B. are used C. used D. were used 6. The letter ______ by my father yesterday. A. sends B. sent C. is sent D. was sent 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Rice ______ (grow) in the southern part of China. 2. The book ______ (write) by a famous writer last year. 3. The sports meeting ______ (hold) in our school next Friday. 三、句型转换 People plant many trees in spring every year.（改为被动语态） Many trees ______ ______ by people in spring every year. 四、完成句子 1. 垃圾每天都被清理。 Rubbish ______ ______ every day. 2. 这座桥明年将被修建。 This bridge ______ ______ ______ next year. 重难突破练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. The work ______ before dark if we work hard. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. is finished 2. Old cars ______ in this factory two years ago. A. made B. were made C. are made D. make 3. This kind of computer ______ in Hangzhou. A. produces B. produced C. is produced D. was produced 4. The accident ______ on a cold morning last year。 A. happens B. happened C. was happened D. is happened 5. The children ______ by their teachers at school every day. A. look after B. are looked after C. looked after D. were looked after 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The flowers ______ (water) by my grandma every morning. 2. The story ______ (happen) in a small village many years ago. 3. These magazines ______ (read) by the students just now. 三、句型转换 1. We will hold a class meeting tomorrow.（改为被动语态） A class meeting ______ ______ ______ by us tomorrow. 2. They built a new library in our school last year.（改为被动语态） A new library ______ ______ in our school last year. 四、完成句子 1. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。 This letter ______ ______ yesterday. 2. 孩子们被妈妈照顾得很好。 The children ______ ______ ______ well by their mother. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择（5 题） 1. Paper ______ first invented by Chinese about 2,000 years ago. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 2. （2023・广东广州中考）These toys ______ in China, and they are very popular. A. make B. are made C. made D. were made 3. （2023・江苏苏州中考）A new museum ______ in our city next year. A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. is built 4. （2023・浙江杭州中考）The window ______ by a ball yesterday afternoon. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 5. （2024・上海长宁期末）These problems ______ soon. A. will solve B. will be solved C. solve D. are solved 二、语法填空 1. English ______ (speak) by millions of people around the world. 2. The house ______ (build) by the workers last spring. 3. The plan ______ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 4. Great changes ______ (take) place in our hometown in the past ten years. 三、句型转换 1. Do people grow tea in the southeast of China?（改为被动语态）______ tea ______ in the southeast of China? 2. We must finish our homework on time.（改为被动语态）Our homework ______ ______ ______ on time. 四、完成句子 1. 电脑被广泛用于世界各地。Computers ______ ______ widely all over the world. 2. 这个故事是他爸爸讲的。This story ______ ______ by his father. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 被动语态（期中复习讲义·解析版） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 单元 语法点 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 Units 3-4 被动语态 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 句型转换 完形填空 1. 被动语态的基本结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done) 2. 三大时态的被动结构： 1　 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 2　 一般过去时：was/were + done 3　 一般将来时：will be + done 3. 被动语态的各种形式： 1　 否定形式：be + not + done / will not be + done 2　 疑问形式：Be + 主语 + done? / Will + 主语 + be + done? 5. by 短语的用法（强调动作的执行者） 6. 主动语态变被动语态的转换规则 7. 不及物动词（无被动）与及物动词的区分。 1. 语境化考查为主流：结合艺术、文化、生活等真实语境，判断时态并正确变形 2. 多时态对比考查增多：重点区分一般现在 / 过去 / 将来时的被动结构差异 3. 细节考查更细致：侧重过去分词的拼写、be 动词的人称 / 数匹配、by 短语的位置 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 被动语态的基本概念 · 被动语态：强调动作的承受者；或不知道/不需要说明执行者。中文常表示 “……被……”。 · 与主动语态的区别——主动语态：强调动作的执行者。 基本概念 示例 1. 强调动作的承受者。 The character is drawn by the artist. 角色被艺术家画。 2. 不知道/不需要说明执行者。 The character is drawn. 角色被画出来。 注意：与主动语态的区别： 主动语态：强调动作的执行者。 例：The artist draws the character. 艺术家画角色。 知识点02 被动语态的句型结构 基本结构：be + 动词的过去分词 (done) 类型 基本句型 例句 一般现在时的被动语态 肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + done ( + by sb.) Many trees are planted every year. 每年很多树被种植。 否定句： 主语 + am/is/are not + done ( + by sb.) Many trees aren’t planted every year. 每年没有很多树被种植。 一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? Are many trees planted every year? 每年很多树被种植吗? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? What are planted every year? 每年什么东西被种植？ 一般过去时的被动语态 肯定句： 主语 + was/were + done ( + by sb.) Many trees were planted last year. 去年很多树被种植。 否定句： 主语 + was/were not + done ( + by sb.) Many trees weren’t planted last year. 去年没有很多树被种植。 一般疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? Were many trees planted last year? 去年很多树被种植吗? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)? What were planted last year? 去年什么东西被种植? 一般将来时的被动语态 肯定句： ① 主语 + will + be done ( + by sb.) ② 主语 + am/is/are going to + be done ( + by sb.) Many trees will be planted next year. Many trees are going to be planted next year. 明年很多树被种植。 否定句： ① 主语 + will not + be done ( + by sb.) ② 主语 + am/is/are not going to + be done ( + by sb.) Many trees won’t be planted next year. Many trees aren’t going to be planted next year. 明年没有很多树被种植。 一般疑问句： ① Will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)? ② Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)? Will many trees be planted next year? Are many trees going to be planted next year? 明年很多树被种植吗? 特殊疑问句： ① 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)? ② 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)? Where will the trees be planted next year? Where are the trees going to be planted next year? 明年树木将会被种植在哪里? 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 漏写 be 动词，直接用过去分词 ❌ The letter sent yesterday. → ✅ The letter was sent yesterday. ❌ The room cleaned every day. → ✅ The room is cleaned every day. 2. be 动词与主语的人称 / 数不匹配 ❌ The books is kept in the box. → ✅ The books are kept in the box. ❌ A new bridge were built last year. → ✅ A new bridge was built last year. 3. 过去分词拼写错误（混淆过去式 / 过去分词） ❌ The letter was sended yesterday. → ✅ The letter was sent yesterday .❌ The window was breaked by the boy. → ✅ The window was broken by the boy. 4. 主动变被动时，时态 / 结构不一致 ❌ He cleans the room every day. → The room is clean every day.✅ He cleans the room every day. → The room is cleaned every day. ❌ They built the bridge in 2020. → The bridge is built in 2020.✅ They built the bridge in 2020. → The bridge was built in 2020. 5. 不及物动词误用被动语态（无被动却加被动） ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. → ✅ The accident happened yesterday.（happen、take place、appear 等不及物动词无被动语态） 6. 带 to 的不定式被动还原错误（make/let 等） ❌ He was made work hard. → ✅ He was made to work hard.（主动语态中 make/let/have 后接不带 to 的不定式，变被动必须还原 to） 7. by 短语位置 / 用法错误 ❌ The letter was sent by he. → ✅ The letter was sent by him.（by 是介词，后接人称代词宾格） ❌ The song is sung by famous singer. → ✅ The song is sung by a famous singer. 8. 一般将来时被动结构错误（漏写 be） ❌ The work will finished tomorrow. → ✅ The work will be finished tomorrow. ❌ The meeting will be hold next week. → ✅ The meeting will be held next week. 9. 否定句结构错误（not 位置放错） ❌ The letter was not send. → ✅ The letter was not sent. ❌ The room is not clean. → ✅ The room is not cleaned. 10. 现在进行时被动 / 时态混淆 ❌ The room is being clean now. → ✅ The room is being cleaned now. ❌ The letter is sent now. → ✅ The letter is being sent now. 典例01 （一般现在时被动） —English ______ widely all over the world. —So it is. A. speaks B. is spoken C. are spoken 答案：B 解析：主语 English 是单数，且 “英语被说” 用被动语态；一般现在时被动结构为is spoken。 典例02（一般过去时被动） The house ______ in 2022. A. builds B. built C. was built 答案：C 解析：时间状语 in 2022 表示过去，house 是单数，用一般过去时被动was built。 典例03（一般将来时被动） A new library ______ in our school next year. A. will build B. will be built C. is built 答案：B 解析：next year 表示将来，被动结构为will be + 过去分词，故选 will be built。 即时检测 1. Tea ______ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. are grown 答案：B 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：茶叶在中国南方被种植。分析：主语 Tea（茶叶）是不可数名词，与动词 grow（种植）构成被动关系，表示 “被种植”；时态为一般现在时，被动结构为is + 过去分词。故选 B。 2. These books ______ to the library yesterday. A. return B. returned C. were returned 答案：C 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这些书昨天被归还到图书馆。分析：时间状语 yesterday（昨天）提示时态为一般过去时；主语 These books（这些书）与 return（归还）是被动关系，表示 “被归还”，复数主语对应were + 过去分词。故选 C。 3. The letter ______ by him tomorrow. A. will send B. will be sent C. is sent 答案：B 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这封信明天将由他寄出。分析：时间状语 tomorrow（明天）提示时态为一般将来时；主语 The letter（信）与 send（邮寄）是被动关系，将来时被动结构为will be + 过去分词。故选 B。 4. ______ this kind of car ______ in Beijing? A. Is; produced B. Does; produce C. Are; produced 答案：A 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态的一般疑问句。句意：这种汽车是在北京生产的吗？分析：主语 this kind of car（这种汽车）为单数，与 produce（生产）是被动关系；一般现在时被动的疑问句结构为Is + 主语 + 过去分词。故选 A。 5. When ______ the bridge ______. A. was; built B. is; build C. were; built 答案：A 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态的特殊疑问句。句意：这座桥是什么时候建造的？分析：主语 the bridge（这座桥）为单数，与 build（建造）是被动关系；“建桥” 是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时被动，特殊疑问句结构为疑问词 + was + 主语 + 过去分词。故选 A。 知识点03 动词过去分词变化规则 规则类型 具体变化规则 例词 1. 一般情况 加-ed work-worked; listen-listened 2. 以不发音字母e结尾 去e，再加-d love-loved； like-liked 3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i加-ed study - studied 4. 重读闭音节结尾的动词 双写词尾辅音字母加-ed stop - stopped 5. 不规则变化 （详见课本P142- P143） do - done; see - seen eat - eaten; go - gone 即时检测 写出下列动词的过去分词形式。 play______ make_______ go_______ like_______ write_______ take_________ carry________ put_____ stop_______ begin_______ buy________ know______ get________ break_______ die_________ 答案：play-played; make-made; go-gone; like-liked; write-written; take-taken; carry-carried; put-put; stop-stopped; begin-begun; buy-bought; know-known; get-got / gotten; break-broken; die-died 知识点04 被动语态中by短语的用法 核心功能 基本用法 例句 1. 功能： 强调动作的执行者（即：谁做了这个动作）。 2. 位置： 通常放在句末。 3. 结构： be + 过去分词 + by + 执行者。 by + 人（最常用） The song is sung by Jay Chou. 这首歌是由周杰伦唱的。 The window was broken by the boy. 窗户被那个男孩打破了。 by + 物（表示动作的发出者 / 媒介） The book was written by a computer. 这本书是由电脑编写的。 The corn is grown by farmers. 玉米是由农民种植的。 by + 反身代词（强调动作执行者是 “某人自己”） The work was finished by himself. 这项工作是由他自己完成的。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. by 是介词，代词用宾格 ❌ The letter was sent by he. ✅ The letter was sent by him. 2. by 短语常省略（当执行者不明、不重要或不想说时） ✅ The book was written. （这本书被写了。）→ 不强调谁写的 3. 注意区分 by 和 with · by + 人 / 工具（方式 / 执行者） · with + 具体工具 / 身体部位（拿着 / 用什么手段） 例：The cup was broken by the stone. （杯子被石头弄碎了。） 例：He writes with a pen. （他用钢笔写字。） 典例04 This picture ______ by my sister last week. A. draws B. drew C. was drawn 答案：C 解析：句中有by my sister（被我姐姐），表示动作执行者，用被动语态；last week 为过去时间，故用一般过去时被动was drawn。 即时检测 1. This song ______ by a famous singer. A. sings B. is sung C. sang 答案：B 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：这首歌由一位著名歌手演唱。分析：主语 This song 与动词 sing 存在被动关系，表示 “被演唱”，需用被动语态be + 过去分词；主语为单数，时态为一般现在时，故用 is sung。故选 B。 2. The window ______ by Tom just now. A. broke B. was broken C. breaks 答案：B 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：窗户刚才被汤姆打破了。分析：时间状语 just now 表示过去，主语 The window 与动词 break 存在被动关系，表示 “被打破”，需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were + 过去分词；主语为单数，故用 was broken。故选 B。 3. The work ______ by themselves tomorrow. A. will finish B. will be finished C. finishes 答案：B 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这项工作明天将由他们自己完成。分析：时间状语 tomorrow 表示将来，主语 The work 与动词 finish 存在被动关系，表示 “被完成”，需用一般将来时的被动语态will be + 过去分词。故选 B。 知识点05 主动语态变被动语态的转换规则 一、核心转换公式 · 主动语态：主语 + 谓语（主动形式）+ 宾语 + 其他 · 被动语态：原宾语（新主语） + be + 过去分词 + (by + 原主语) + 其他 二、分步转换步骤（必背） 步骤 1：宾主互换 · 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语（注意人称 / 数的变化） · 把主动句的主语变成 by + 主语（放在句末，可省略）✅ 例：He cleans the room. → The room (原宾语→新主语) is cleaned by him (原主语→by 短语) 步骤 2：时态对应，变 be 动词 be 动词的时态必须和原主动句的谓语时态完全一致，同时随新主语的人称 / 数变化 步骤 3：谓语变过去分词 主动句的谓语动词，统一变为过去分词（规则变化加 - ed，不规则变化需牢记）✅ 例：clean → cleaned；write → written；go → gone 步骤 4：其他成分保留 主动句中的时间状语、地点状语等，在被动句中位置不变，直接保留✅ 例：He cleans the room every day. → The room is cleaned by him every day. 核心时态对应表 主动句时态 被动句结构（be + 过去分词） 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 He cleans the room. → The room is cleaned by him. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 He cleaned the room. → The room was cleaned by him. 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 He will clean the room. → The room will be cleaned by him. 三、特殊句式的转换规则 1. 带双宾语的主动句（give sb. sth. /show sb. sth.） 两种转换方式： 方式 1：把 ** 间接宾语（人）** 变主语，直接宾语（物）保留 ✅ He gave me a book. → I was given a book by him. 方式 2：把 ** 直接宾语（物）** 变主语，间接宾语前加 to / for ✅ He gave me a book. → A book was given to me by him.✅ He bought me a gift. → A gift was bought for me by him. 2. 带宾语补足语的主动句（make/let/ask sb. to do） 宾语变主语，宾补位置不变；主动句中省略 to 的不定式（make/let/have 等），变被动必须还原 to ✅ He made me work hard. → I was made to work hard by him. ✅ He asked me to help him. → I was asked to help him by him. 3. 短语动词的主动句（look after /take care of） 短语动词是一个整体，变被动时不能拆分，介词/副词必须保留 ✅ We should take good care of the children. → The children should be taken good care of by us. 典例05 1. Many people speak Chinese.（改为被动） Chinese ______ ______ by many people. 答案：is spoken 解析： 1　 确定语态：主动句改为被动句，结构用 be + 过去分词。 2　 变主语：原句宾语 Chinese（中文）作新主语，视作单数。 3　 定时态：原句是一般现在时，被动结构用 is/am/are + done。 4　 变分词：动词 speak 的过去分词是 spoken。 5　 组合：单数主语 + is + spoken → is spoken。 即时检测 1. They planted some trees last spring.（改为被动）Some trees ______ ______ by them last spring. 答案：were planted 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：去年春天他们种了一些树。分析：原句时态为一般过去时，被动语态结构为 was/were + 动词过去分词；主语 Some trees 为复数，plant 的过去分词是 planted，因此填 were planted。 2. We will hold a meeting tomorrow.（改为被动）A meeting ______ ______ ______ by us tomorrow. 答案：will be held 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：我们明天将召开一场会议。分析：原句时态为一般将来时，被动语态结构为 will be + 动词过去分词；hold 的过去分词是 held，因此填 will be held。 知识点06 及物动词与不及物动词 一、区别 · 及物动词（vt.）：后面必须加宾语，有被动语态 · 不及物动词（vi.）：后面不能直接加宾语，没有被动语态 二、常考不及物动词（无被动，考试必考） happen, take place, appear（出现）, disappear（消失）, die, arrive, come, go, lie, sit, stand, last（持续）, break out（爆发） 例句： ✅ The accident happened yesterday. ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. ✅ The meeting took place last week. ❌ The meeting was taken place last week. 典例06 用所给动词的正确形式填空（被动 / 主动） 1. The story __________ (happen) in 2019. 答案：happened 解析： happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态。时间状语 in 2019 表示过去，用一般过去时。因此直接填 happened。 2. This book __________ (write) by Mo Yan. 解析： 1　 句中有 by Mo Yan，表示 “被莫言写”，用被动语态。 2　 写书是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时被动。 3　 主语 this book 是单数，be 动词用 was。 4　 write 的过去分词是 written。 5　 组合为 was written。 即时检测 一、判断下列句子正误，对的打√，错的打 × 并改正 1. The story was happened last year. （ ）_________________________________ 答案：× 解析：考查不及物动词无被动语态。句意：这个故事发生在去年。分析：happen 是不及物动词，没有被动形式，需去掉 was，用主动语态的一般过去时。改正：The story happened last year. 2. The bridge was built in 2020. （ ）_________________________________ 答案：√ 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这座桥于 2020 年被建造。分析：主语 bridge 与动词 build 构成被动关系，时间状语 in 2020 为过去时间，结构 was built 符合语法规则。 3. The accident was taken place last week. （ ）_________________________________ 答案：× 解析：考查不及物动词短语无被动语态。句意：这场事故上周发生。分析：take place 是不及物动词短语，没有被动形式，需去掉 was，用主动语态的一般过去时。改正：The accident took place last week. 4. Rice is grown in the south. （ ）_________________________________ 答案：√ 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：水稻在南方被种植。分析：主语 rice 与动词 grow 构成被动关系，表述客观事实用一般现在时，结构 is grown 符合语法规则。 5. He was arrived in Shanghai yesterday. （ ）_________________________________ 答案：× 解析：考查不及物动词无被动语态。句意：他昨天到达上海。分析：arrive 是不及物动词，没有被动形式，需去掉 was，用主动语态的一般过去时。改正：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空（被动 / 主动） 1. The meeting __________ (take place) last Monday. 答案：took place 解析：考查不及物动词短语无被动语态。句意：会议上周一举行。分析：take place 无被动形式，时间状语 last Monday 提示用一般过去时，故填 took place。 2. The house __________ (build) last year. 答案：was built 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这栋房子去年被建造。分析：主语 house 与动词 build 构成被动关系，last year 提示用一般过去时被动，故填 was built。 3. The fire __________ (break out) last night. 答案：broke out 解析：考查不及物动词短语无被动语态。句意：火灾昨晚爆发。分析：break out 无被动形式，last night 提示用一般过去时，故填 broke out。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. English ______ as a foreign language in most Chinese schools. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 答案：B 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：英语在大多数中国学校作为一门外语被使用。分析：主语 English 与动词 speak 是被动关系，表示 “被说”，一般现在时被动结构为is spoken。故选 B。 2. The classroom ______ every day by the students. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 答案：C 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：教室每天由学生打扫。分析：every day 为一般现在时标志，主语 classroom 与 clean 是被动关系，单数主语用is cleaned。故选 C。 3. A new sports center ______ in our school next year. A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. is built 答案：C 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：明年一所新的体育中心将在我们学校被建造。分析：next year 表将来，主语 sports center 与 build 是被动关系，结构为will be built。故选 C。 4. These pictures ______ on the farm last summer. A. take B. took C. are taken D. were taken 答案：D 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这些照片去年夏天在农场被拍摄。分析：last summer 表过去，主语 pictures 与 take 是被动关系，复数主语用were taken。故选 D。 5. Knives ______ for cutting things. A. use B. are used C. used D. were used 答案：B 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：刀被用来切东西。分析：主语 knives 与 use 是被动关系，表述客观事实用一般现在时，复数主语用are used。故选 B。 6. The letter ______ by my father yesterday. A. sends B. sent C. is sent D. was sent 答案：D 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这封信昨天被我爸爸寄出去了。分析：yesterday 表过去，主语 letter 与 send 是被动关系，单数主语用was sent。故选 D。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Rice ______ (grow) in the southern part of China. 答案：is grown 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：水稻在中国南方被种植。分析：主语 rice 为不可数名词，与 grow 是被动关系，用is grown。 2. The book ______ (write) by a famous writer last year. 答案：was written 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这本书去年被一位著名作家写出来。分析：last year 表过去，主语 book 与 write 是被动关系，用was written。 3. The sports meeting ______ (hold) in our school next Friday. 答案：will be held 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：运动会下周五将在我们学校举办。分析：next Friday 表将来，主语 sports meeting 与 hold 是被动关系，用will be held。 三、句型转换 1. People plant many trees in spring every year.（改为被动语态） Many trees ______ ______ by people in spring every year. 答案：are planted 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：每年春天很多树被人们种植。分析：原句为一般现在时，主语 many trees 为复数，被动结构为are planted。 四、完成句子 1. 垃圾每天都被清理。 Rubbish ______ ______ every day. 答案：is cleaned 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：垃圾每天都被清理。分析：rubbish 为不可数名词，与 clean 是被动关系，用is cleaned。 2. 这座桥明年将被修建。 This bridge ______ ______ ______ next year. 答案：will be built 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这座桥明年将被修建。分析：next year 表将来，被动结构为will be built。 重难突破练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. The work ______ before dark if we work hard. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. is finished 答案：C 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：如果我们努力工作，这项工作将在天黑前被完成。分析：主语 work 与 finish 是被动关系，表将来用will be finished。故选 C。 2. Old cars ______ in this factory two years ago. A. made B. were made C. are made D. make 答案：B 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这家工厂两年前生产旧汽车。分析：two years ago 表过去，主语 cars 与 make 是被动关系，复数主语用were made。故选 B。 3. This kind of computer ______ in Hangzhou. A. produces B. produced C. is produced D. was produced 答案：C 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：这种电脑在杭州生产。分析：表述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 computer 与 produce 是被动关系，用is produced。故选 C。 4. The accident ______ on a cold morning last year。 A. happens B. happened C. was happened D. is happened 答案：B 解析：考查不及物动词无被动语态。句意：这场事故发生在去年一个寒冷的早上。分析：happen 是不及物动词，无被动形式，last year 用一般过去时happened。故选 B。 5. The children ______ by their teachers at school every day. A. look after B. are looked after C. looked after D. were looked after 答案：B 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：孩子们每天在学校被老师照顾。分析：every day 表现在，主语 children 与 look after 是被动关系，用are looked after。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The flowers ______ (water) by my grandma every morning. 答案：are watered 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：花每天早上被我奶奶浇水。分析：every morning 表现在，主语 flowers 与 water 是被动关系，用are watered。 2. The story ______ (happen) in a small village many years ago. 答案：happened 解析：考查不及物动词无被动语态。句意：这个故事多年前发生在一个小村庄。分析：happen 无被动，many years ago 用一般过去时happened。 3. These magazines ______ (read) by the students just now. 答案：were read 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这些杂志刚才被学生们阅读。分析：just now 表过去，主语 magazines 与 read 是被动关系，用were read。 三、句型转换 1. We will hold a class meeting tomorrow.（改为被动语态） A class meeting ______ ______ ______ by us tomorrow. 答案：will be held 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：一场班会明天将被我们举办。分析：原句为一般将来时，被动结构为will be held。 2. They built a new library in our school last year.（改为被动语态） A new library ______ ______ in our school last year. 答案：was built 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：一所新图书馆去年在我们学校被建造。分析：last year 表过去，主语 library 为单数，用was built。 四、完成句子 1. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。 This letter ______ ______ yesterday. 答案：was sent 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这封信是昨天寄出去的。分析：yesterday 表过去，主语 letter 与 send 是被动关系，用was sent。 2. 孩子们被妈妈照顾得很好。 The children ______ ______ ______ well by their mother. 答案：are looked after 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：孩子们被妈妈照顾得很好。分析：主语 children 与 look after 是被动关系，用are looked after。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择（5 题） 1. Paper ______ first invented by Chinese about 2,000 years ago. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 答案：B 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：纸大约 2000 年前首次被中国人发明。分析：2000 years ago 表过去，被动结构为was invented。故选 B。 2. （2023・广东广州中考）These toys ______ in China, and they are very popular. A. make B. are made C. made D. were made 答案：B 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：这些玩具在中国制造，它们很受欢迎。分析：表述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 toys 与 make 是被动关系，用are made。故选 B。 3. （2023・江苏苏州中考）A new museum ______ in our city next year. A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. is built 答案：C 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：明年一座新博物馆将在我们城市被建造。分析：next year 表将来，被动结构为will be built。故选 C。 4. （2023・浙江杭州中考）The window ______ by a ball yesterday afternoon. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 答案：D 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：昨天下午窗户被一个球打破了。分析：yesterday afternoon 表过去，主语 window 与 break 是被动关系，用was broken。故选 D。 5. （2024・上海长宁期末）These problems ______ soon. A. will solve B. will be solved C. solve D. are solved 答案：B 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这些问题很快将被解决。分析：soon 表将来，主语 problems 与 solve 是被动关系，用will be solved。故选 B。 二、语法填空 1. English ______ (speak) by millions of people around the world. 答案：is spoken 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：英语被世界上数百万人使用。分析：主语 English 与 speak 是被动关系，用is spoken。 2. The house ______ (build) by the workers last spring. 答案：was built 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这栋房子去年春天被工人们建造。分析：last spring 表过去，用was built。 3. The plan ______ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 答案：will be discussed 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这个计划明天将在会议上被讨论。分析：tomorrow 表将来，用will be discussed。 4. Great changes ______ (take) place in our hometown in the past ten years. 答案：have taken 解析：考查不及物动词短语无被动语态。句意：过去十年我们家乡发生了巨大变化。分析：take place 无被动，in the past ten years 用现在完成时have taken。 三、句型转换 1. Do people grow tea in the southeast of China?（改为被动语态）______ tea ______ in the southeast of China? 答案：Is; grown 解析：考查一般现在时被动语态的一般疑问句。句意：茶在中国东南地区被种植吗？分析：主语 tea 为单数，被动疑问句结构为Is + 主语 + 过去分词。 2. We must finish our homework on time.（改为被动语态）Our homework ______ ______ ______ on time. 答案：must be finished 解析：考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：我们的作业必须被按时完成。分析：情态动词被动结构为情态动词 + be + 过去分词。 四、完成句子 1. 电脑被广泛用于世界各地。Computers ______ ______ widely all over the world. 答案：are used 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：电脑被广泛用于世界各地。分析：主语 computers 与 use 是被动关系，用are used。 2. 这个故事是他爸爸讲的。This story ______ ______ by his father. 答案：was told 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个故事是他爸爸讲的。分析：主语 story 与 tell 是被动关系，用was told。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $