Unit 4 Presenting ideas & Reflection知识清单2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

Unit 4 Presenting ideas & Reflection知识清单 Part1 单元知识梳理 一、重点单词 1. excuse v. 原谅 excuse sb. for sth./doing sth.原谅某人某事/做某事 excuse n. 借口;理由 2. purple adj. 紫色的 a purple flower紫色的花 3. sunshine n. 阳光 4. virus n. 病毒 the flu virus流感病毒 5. afford v. 买得起,付得起 afford sth.买得起某物 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 6. disappointment n. 失望,扫兴,沮丧 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 disappoint v. 使失望 disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的;令人沮丧的 7. X-ray n. X光检查 take an X-ray做X光检查 have an X-ray on +身体部位 对某部位做X光检查 8. treatment n. 治疗,诊治;疗法 receive treatment 接受治疗 treatment for + 疾病 针对某疾病的治疗 treat v. 医疗;治疗;以……方式对待 9. pocket n. 衣袋,口袋 in one’s pocket在某人的口袋里 10. illness n. 病,疾病 a serious illness 一种严重的疾病 mental illness 精神病 11. wheelchair n. 轮椅 in a wheelchair坐在轮椅上 12. public adj. 公众的,大众的 n. 平民;民众in public公开地,当众 13. mention v. 提到,说起,谈到 mention sth. (to sb.) (向某人)提及某事 mention doing sth. 提到做过某事 not to mention 更不用说;且不说 14. directly adv. 直接地 (反义词)indirectly adv. 间接地 direct adj. 直接的 15. solution n. 解决,解决方法 the solution to sth. 某事的解决方法 16. bottle n. 瓶子 17. exam n. 考试 take an exam 参加考试 pass/fail an exam通过/未通过考试 18. dialogue n. 对话,对白 in dialogue with 与……对话 / 交流 19. flu n. 流行性感冒,流感 have the flu 患流感 catch the flu 感染流感 20. homeless adj. 无家可归的 the homeless 无家可归的人 21. soldier n. 士兵,军人 22. fireman n. 消防队员 23. against prep. 反对 be against sth. 反对某事 fight against 与……作斗争 play against 与……比赛 24. graduate v. 大学毕业 graduate from... 从……毕业 graduate in + 专业 毕业于某专业 graduation n. 毕业 25. college n. 大学;学院 go to college 上大学 a college student 大学生 college education 大学教育 26. goodwill n. 好意,亲善,友善 a goodwill gesture 友好的表示 in goodwill 出于善意 27. warmth n. 温暖 28. means n. 手段;方法;工具 by means of 通过……方式 a means of ... 一种……的方法 29. lucky adj. 运气好的,幸运的 be lucky to do sth. 做某事很幸运 luckily adv. 幸运地 luck n. 幸运;运气 二、重点短语 1. excuse me 劳驾(用于礼貌地引起他人注意,尤其是发问时) 2. pocket money 零花钱 3. go public 公开,公之于众 4. get through 度过(艰难的时期);完成(困难的事情) 5. because of 因为;由于 6. give up 放弃 7. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止 8. a bottle of 一瓶 9. call on呼吁 10. aim to 旨在;目的是 11. donate... to...把……捐赠给…… 12. make up one’s mind 下定决心 13. offer... to...向……提供…… 14. by no means 绝不,一点儿都不 15. learn... from... 向……学习…… 16. pass on传递 三、重点句子 1. I’m afraid you’ll have to draw a grey butterfly. 恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。 2. Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases. 嗯,蜡笔可能携带病毒和传播疾病。 3. It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child. (医院)实在负担不起为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔。 4. But colouring has helped her get through it.但是涂色帮助她熬过了这段痛苦的时期 5. Leah planned to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital.利娅计划为医院购买五百盒蜡笔。 6. Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either.由于生病,她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。 7. It might sound impossible, but Leah didn’t give up. 这也许听起来不太可能,但是利娅并没有放弃。 8. So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. 到目前为止,她已经收集了2675盒蜡笔。 9. I was shocked to find all the other buildings were reduced to pieces. 我震惊地发现其他所有建筑都变成了废墟。 10. I was deeply touched by their courage and hard work. So I made up my mind to become one of them. 他们的勇气和努力深深地感动了我。所以,我下定决心成为他们中的一员。 11. It was time for me to offer mine.到我伸出援手的时候了。 12. The work was by no means easy.这项工作绝非易事。 Part2 单元语法 情态动词表推测 情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态,常带有一定的感情色彩以及对事物的把握与推测程度。在英语中常见的此类情态动词有must, can, may, could 和might 等。注意:此类情态动词没有人称的变化,其后面连接的动词只能用原形。 考点 情态动词表推测时的句式及用法 句式 情态动词 用法 例句 肯定句 must 表示把握性为100% 的推测,“一定;准是”。 He must have been to the U.S., because he knows so much about it. 他一定去过美国,因为他知道关于它的如此多的事情。 It must be Tom’s schoolbag. Look! His name is on it. 这一定是汤姆的书包。看!上面有他的名字。 肯定句 could 意为“也许,可能”,表示推测时语气更加委婉, 不确定。 Don’t worry about him. He could be all right. 不用担心他,他应该会没事的。 may 意为“也许,可能”,表示主观判断不十分肯定的可能性。 She may forget our appointment. 她可能忘记了我们的约定。 肯定句 might 意为“也许,可能”,表 示主观判断较小的可能性。语气最弱。 They saw something in the sky last night. It might be a UFO. 昨天晚上他们看到天空中有个东西,有可能是个不明飞行物。 否定句 can’t/ couldn’t 意为“不可能”,表示有 把握的否定推测。 The story sounds good, but it can’t be true. 这个故事听起来不错,但它不可能是真的。 He couldn’t be in the meeting, because he was in hospital at that time. 他不可能参加过那个会议,因为那时他在住院。 否定句 may not/ might not 意为“可能不”,表示不 太有把握的否定推测。 You may not like English, but you have to work hard on it. 也许你并不喜欢英语,但你得努力学。 He might not be at home right now. 他可能此刻不在家。 疑问句 can/could 意为“可能”,表示把握性不大的推测。 Can it be Jenny? 有可能是珍妮吗? Where could he go? 他有可能去了哪里? 注意: 1. 在肯定句中,按照可能性大小排列为must > can > could > may > might。 2. must 表示推测时,其否定形式为can’t,表示完全不可能。must 表示“必须……”时,其否定形式为mustn’t,意为“不得……”。 例:You mustn’t sing loudly when your younger brother is sleeping.你弟弟睡觉时你不得大声唱歌。 3.对过去的事情表示推测时,情态动词后跟have done 结构。 例:He must have known the bad news. 他一定知道了这个坏消息。 Part3 单元写作 【写作维度】 本单元的写作项目是“写传递帮助的故事”。此类话题的书面表达一般涉及:(1)自身受到帮助的故事;(2)帮助别人的故事。 【写作支架/模版】 写传递帮助的故事 开篇引出故事或事件 具体描述故事或事件发生的经过 表达感受(将帮助传递下去) 【好句积累】 一、开头段 ①Help is important in our life. Now let me tell you a story about helping others. ② It has been two weeks since you wrote to me. I’m writing to tell you a story about my classmate... ③ When you see somebody is in trouble, what should you do? Let me tell you a story. ④ We’re not alone in our society. When we are in trouble, someone else always comes to help us. 二、中间段 ①He offered to help the old man cross the road. ② The man was moved and decided to help others. ③ He decided to pass on the help. ④ When someone else is in trouble, I should help him. ⑤ With the help of Zhang Lan, the old man crossed the road safely. 三、结尾段 ①I should learn from her and try my best to help others. ② I think it's our duty to pass on help. ③Love leads to love, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness. ④ I think everyone should help the people in trouble. 【经典例题】 假如你是李华,请根据以下提示,给你的朋友Peter用英文写一封邮件,向他讲述你班同学王红所做的一件好事,并谈谈感受。 (1)上周四,王红在回家途中看到一位上年纪的盲人在街角徘徊。 (2)王红与老人交流后,主动帮他过马路。 (3)路上的司机都停下车耐心等候。 (4)王红将老人安全地带过了马路。 (5)你认为…… 参考词汇: 盲人blind man 徘徊wander 要求: 1. 词数:80~100;2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3. 要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。 精彩范文 Dear Peter, It has been two weeks since you wrote to me. I'm writing to tell you a story about my classmate Wang Hong. Last Thursday, Wang Hong saw an elderly blind man wandering around the street corner on her way home. Wang Hong offered to help him cross the road after talking with the old man. When they crossed the road, the drivers on the road stopped their cars and waited patiently. With the help of Wang Hong, the old man crossed the road safely. I think Wang Hong is a very warm-hearted and kind girl. I can never forget her actions. I should learn from her and try my best to help others. What do you think of the story? Waiting for your reply! Yours, Li Hua 【实战演练】 赠人玫瑰,手有余香。帮助别人自己会感到快乐,得到别人的帮助更是一种幸运。假设你校正举办以“我身边的好人好事”为主题的英语征文比赛,请根据以下内容提示,以“An Unforgettable Day”为题用英语写一篇记叙文。 内容提示: 1.时间 2. 地点 3. 人物 4. 事件 5. 感受 写作要求: 1.内容必须包括所给内容提示,可适当发挥一至两点。2. 文中不能出现真实姓名、校名和地名。3. 不少于90词(题目不计入总词数)。 An Unforgettable Day _ 范文参考 An Unforgettable Day As the saying goes, “Roses given, fragrance in hand.” In our daily life, it is necessary for us to help those who are in need of help. Here's my unforgettable day of helping others. My classmate Jason was ill in hospital last week. I made up my mind to help him. Yesterday was Saturday, and my classmates and I went to see him together. We gave him some flowers to make him feel good and happy. Jason asked me some questions about study and I brought him my notebooks. I was patient to answer his questions all the time. Jason was so moved and decided to help others later. I think helping others not only makes us happy but also brings love to others. Love leads to love, and so creates a circle of goodwill and kindness. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $