Unit 4 Reading and Thinking（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 4 Reading and Thinking部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：wage、bitter、qualified、enthusiastic、aboard、assign、envy、sink、abandon、belongings、genuine、persevere、resolve √短语：turn down √句型：完全倒装句、It (so) happens that… 2.读懂课文关于南极探险的语篇内容，梳理故事发展脉络，提取关键信息，提升记叙文语篇分析与阅读理解能力。 3.感悟逆境中坚守勇气、坚韧不拔的精神内核，培养直面困难、永不放弃的意志品质，树立积极面对挫折的人生态度。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.____________ n. 困境；逆境 2.____________ adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 3.____________ n. 探险；远征；探险队 4.____________ n. 忍耐力；耐久力 5.____________ n. 精力；力量；活力 6.____________ n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 7.____________ n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员 8.____________ vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群 9.____________ n. 炉具；厨房灶具 10.____________ n. 毯子 11.____________ n. 班卓琴（乐器） 12.____________ adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 13.____________ n. & vi. 航海；航行 14.____________ n. 海军；海军部队 15.____________ adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 16.____________ adj. 温馨的；舒适的 17.____________ adj. 自私的 18.____________ adj. 脾气好的 / 坏的 二、词块记忆 1.____________ 张贴一则广告 2.____________ 忍无可忍 3.____________ 梦想（做）某事 4.____________ 申请做某事 5.____________ 对某事热心 6.____________ 与…… 一起 7.____________ 上船 / 飞机 / 公共汽车等 8.____________ 振作精神；保持高昂的情绪 9.____________ 出发，启程 10.____________ 折回，往回走 11.____________ 陷入…… 12.____________ 落日 【知识梳理1】 wage n. 工资 【常用搭配】 a wage increase/ rise of 3% 3%的加薪 wage cuts 减薪 wages of £ 200 a week (=a weekly wage of £200) 一星期200英镑的工资 【词义辨析】 wage, income, pay与salary (1)wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。 (2)income指收入、收益、所得。 (3)pay指做完具体工作给的薪水。 (4)salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金。 【即学即练】 1.Although he has low wage, he always helps those less fortunate than him.. 2.The cost of living is now so high that you need to earn a good just to keep your head above water. 3.Not only do the nurses want a(n) increase, but they want to reduce hours. 4.I get my at the end of every month. 5.The average weekly is £350. 【知识梳理2】 bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的；令人不快的 【词性转换】bitterly adv.痛苦地;愤恨地 bitterness n.苦味;悲苦;痛苦 【常用搭配】 bitter cold 严寒 a bitter wind刺骨寒风 a long and bitter dispute 一场漫长而激烈的争论 stir up bitter memories 勾起了痛苦的回忆 As the saying goes,“A good medicine tastes bitter.” 俗话说，“良药苦口。” 【即学即练】 1.They have the same joys and pains, and love and (bitter). 2.Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a ( bitter) cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful. 【知识梳理3】完全倒装句 【规则讲解】 ① 当副词 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等置于句首,谓语动词是come, go, run, rush, fly等,且主语是名词时,要用完全倒装。这种情况常用于一般现在时或一般过去时。 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 ② there be/ lie/ stand/ appear/ remain... 结构。 There stands a temple at the top of the mountain.山顶上有座庙。 ③ 表示地点的介词短语放在句首，谓语动词是不及物动词如 lie，stand， sit， exist等或连系动词 be，且主语是名词时，要用完全倒装。 In front of our house stands a big tree.我们的房子前面有一棵大树。 【即学即练】 1.Below (be)a red ball, which belongs to my youngest brother. 2.As Nancy turned around, there (stand)a handsome man. 3.Up (fly) the kite. All the children were excited to see it. 4.铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出去。 【知识梳理4】It (so) happens that… 碰巧…… 【句式分析】 句中 it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。 【归纳拓展】 It chances that…(= It happens that… )碰巧… It chanced that the winter of that year was a se vere one. 碰巧那年冬天特别冷。 Sb. happen(s) to do sth.某人碰巧做某事。 She happened to have just finished reading the book. 她碰巧刚读完那本书。 Sth. happen(s) to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。 Something unexpected must have happened to him if he didn't turn up at the party. 他如果没有出现在聚会上，一定发生了意想不到的事。 【即学即练】 1.It so happened I watched the football match, so I know the outcome. 2.It chanced the news that Gu Ailing won the gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games was being broadcast. 3.William happens (go) to the supermarket, and you can ask him to purchase some milk for you. 【知识梳理5】turn(…) down 拒绝(提议、建议或提议人);调低,关小 Because Sandy was too young, the organizers turned her down. 因为桑迪太小了，因此组织者拒绝了她。 James put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to create a more relaxed atmosphere at home. 詹姆斯打开轻柔的音乐,把灯光调暗，以便在家里创造更轻松的气氛。 【归纳拓展】 turn up调大，开大(音量等)；突然露面；(机会等)不期而至 turn on/ off打开/关掉(水、煤气、电灯等) turn to求助于;开始使用;翻到;转向( to是介词) turn out( to be)+ n./ adj./ that…结果是……;熄灭;关掉 turn over翻转;仔细考虑;移交;转让 turn into 变成 【即学即练】 1.Mrs. King is in her seventies, but she turns all offers of assistance from her neighbours. 2.Much to our surprise, the video turned to be well received. 3.Julia promised to attend my birthday party, but she didn't turn last night. 4.When the clock struck twelve, Mr. Ling turned the TV and went to bed. 5.When you are in trouble, you can turn my brother for help. 【知识梳理6】qualified adj.符合资格;具备⋯⋯的知识(或技能、学历等) 【词性转换】qualify v.(使)具有资格,(使)合格;取得资格(或学历);获得参赛资格 qualification n.资格;限定条件;合格证书 【常用搭配】 be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事 be qualified for( doing) sth.适合做······(有担任······的资格) qualify as 取得······资格 have( no ) qualifications for( doing) sth.(没)有(做)某事的资格 【即学即练】 1. Jackson, (qualify) to work as a teacher, turned down the job offer from the high school. 2. Teaching positions at Japanese universities require more (qualify) than other such jobs teaching English. 3. Spending a week in China doesn't qualify you ( talk) about it as an expert. 4. What makes you think you are qualified a judge of the painting? 5. A victory in this game will earn the team qualification the World Cup. 【知识梳理7】enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的 【词性转换】enthusiastically adv.热心地;满腔热情地 enthusiasm n.热情;热衷的事物 enthusiast n.热心者;爱好者 【常用搭配】 be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感兴趣;对(做)某事热心 with (great) enthusiasm (非常)热情地 full of enthusiasm 充满热情 【即学即练】 1. The for environment great , which makes us more about environmental protection. (enthusiastic) 2. Little David was so enthusiastic learning Chinese that after two years, he could speak it fluently. 3. Although Helen had suffered from a serious disease for years, she lost none of her (enthusiastic ) for life. 4. As soon as the music was over, the audience rose to their feet and applauded enthusiasm. 【知识梳理8】aboard adv. & prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 【常用搭配】 go aboard 上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车 be aboard the plane/ ship 在飞机/船上 All aboard! 请大家上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车! 【词义辨析】 abroad adv.在国外;到国外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的;广泛的 board n.板子；木板；董事会v.上船(或车、飞机、公共汽车等) on board 在船(或飞机、火车等)上 【即学即练】 1. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could to improving his oral English before going . 2. William went without being noticed by the captain and sailors. 3. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on . 4. In our village, there is a(n) river, both sides of which are lined with trees. 【知识梳理9】assign vt.分派;布置;分配 【词性转换】assignment n. 分配;指派;(分派的)任务 【常用搭配】 assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物 assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 assign sb. as sth. 指派某人任某一职务 【即学即练】 1.Fully occupied in preparing teaching (assign) at school, she no longer has much time to enjoy the various activities as usual. 2.Don't worry too much. They have assigned their best man the important project. 3.My teacher assigned me (write) an essay about the reform and opening- up policy of China. 【知识梳理10】envy vt.羡慕;妒忌 【词性转换】envious adj.羡慕的;妒忌的 【常用搭配】 envy sb. sth. 妒忌/ 羡慕某人有某物 envy sb. doing sth.羡慕/妒忌某人做某事 envy sb. for sth. 因某事而羡慕某人 with envy 羡慕地;妒忌地 out of envy 出于忌妒 【即学即练】 1.All of us envied Nick learning Chinese so easily. 2.Paula was so (envy) that she spoke ill of her classmate Polly. 3.The other boys looked envy at Tony's new electric toy. 【知识梳理11】sink vi. (sank /sunk --- sunk) 沉没;下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没 【常用搭配】 sink to the bottom of 沉到……的底部 sink behind 落到······后面 the sinking sun落日 sink into a chair 颓然倒在椅子上 【即学即练】 1.Several minutes later, the ice broke suddenly and Harry's feet (sink ) into the water. 2.Mr. Yang was very tired and sank the chair in his office. 3.Her head sank , tears welling up in her eyes. 4. ( sink ) in deep thought, Norman didn't notice his father standing behind him. 【知识梳理12】abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 【词性转换】 abandoned adj.被遗弃的,被抛弃的 abandonment n.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 【常用搭配】 with abandon放纵地;恣意地 abandon (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事 abandon oneself to... 陷入，沉湎于（某种情感） 【即学即练】 1.The team decided to abandon (develop) the flying car. 2.The man from Washington gave most of his money to groups that help the poor, sick, disabled and (abandon) children. 3.Abandoning himself the sorrow of losing his grandpa, Steven just couldn't stop crying. 【知识梳理13】belongings n. [pl.] 财物；动产 【常用搭配】 personal belongings个人财物,私人用品 belong to 属于,不用于进行时和被动语态 有一类名词是以- ings结尾的，如： savings(储蓄,积蓄), earnings(工资,收益), leavings(剩饭,渣滓), surroundings (环境)等。 【即学即练】 1.Hurry up, Harry, or by the time you pack your (belong) the flight will have left. 2.Just as our teacher often says, the future (belong) to the young generation. 3.The house (belong) to my uncle has been pulled down. 【知识梳理14】genuine adj. 真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 【词性转换】 genuinely adv.真正地;真诚地 【常用搭配】 genuine concern for others 对别人的真诚的关心 genuine diamond/ gold真钻石/真金 a very genuine person 一个非常诚实可信的人 【即学即练】 1.Judging from the expression on her face. Sophie was (genuine) interested in this Chinese painting. 2.Mr. Zhou is (一个非常诚实可信的人）, so you can rely on him to complete the mission. 【知识梳理15】 persevere vi. 坚持;孜孜以求 【词性转换】 persevering adj.坚韧不拔的;不屈不挠的 perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 【常用搭配】 persevere in( doing) sth.坚持(做)某事 persevere with...孜孜不倦地…… 【即学即练】 1.Intelligence, (persevere) and confidence are what it takes to make a good scientist. 2.In spite of the failure of his experiments, the scientists persevered his research. 3.The great scientist and her team persevered in (search) for the cure for malaria. 【知识梳理16】 resolve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念 【词性转换】 resolution n.决议;解决;坚定;决心,决定 【常用搭配】 resolve to do sth.决定做某事 resolve on ( doing) sth.决定(做)某事 pass/ adopt/ carry out a resolution 通过/采用/执行决议 【即学即练】 1.Always keep in mind that your own resolve (succeed) is more important than anything else. 2.After careful consideration and long discussion with my parents,I resolved studying abroad. 3.If the (resolve) is adopted by the local government, things will become better. 4.Frank has made a resolution (compete) in the race, so he runs for over an hour every morning. 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. 2.They are qualified the marathon. 3.Touched by their ( enthusiasm ) expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all.”They' re like my children,” Mabry said. 4.All the ( assign) will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. 5.With a ( sink ) feeling, he realized that he actually enjoyed doing it. 6.Please ensure that you have your own insurance for your personal (belong) as Waikato Accommodation Services takes no responsibility for any theft or damage to personal belongings. 7.It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at ( resolve). 8.On the last day of our week- long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 9.If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong the same gym. 10.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel (abandon). 2、 完成句子 1．Workers ________________（获得报酬）by the week. 2．He ________________ (拒绝了这份工作) because it involved too much travelling. 3．When all the passengers ________ (上船/飞机等), the Titanic left for its first journey. 4．The old picture hanging on the wall ________ (引起，使……发生) an attack of homesickness. 5．The young man does nothing but ________ (沉溺于……) playing computer games. 6．Shortly thereafter, they ________ (陷入) the mud and abandoned their car. 7．I looked around at my family, and for the first time since Dad’s passing, ______________________________.（我感到一丝发自内心的微笑在脸上绽开） 8．__________________________（勇敢地面对逆境）and you will become tougher and more determined. 9．_________ (一阵羡慕) flooding in her heart, she closed her eyes tight. 10．_________________________（正是由于他的乐观和坚持）he was admitted into Peking University. 三、语法填空 It 1. (happen) that I read about the Antarctic expedition in an advertisement. I was fit and 2. (vigour), so I applied to join the expedition. But Shackleton turned me 3. because he thought I was too young and was not 4. (qualify). I secretly went aboard but 5. ( unfortunate)I was later discovered. The journey 6. Antarctica was not easy. Endurance 7. (stick) in the ice and we had to abandon our ship. This was no time 8. (panic). Soon after we settled on Elephant Island, Shackleton left us to find help as the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make 9. in our small boats. Though life was hard, Frank and Ernest's genuine concern and 10. ( persevere ) filled me with hope. 1、 阅读理解 A In 1998, British adventurer Karl Bushby looked down a road in Chile and set a goal: walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of transport, which was audacious. What he didn’t know then was that the journey he thought would take eight years would stretch into a remarkable 27-year trek (跋涉) across continents, oceans and history. Now, after walking 36,000 miles, surviving the attack of polar bears, swimming across seas, and navigating countless visa setbacks, the 56-year-old adventurer is finally on the home stretch. Bushby began his adventure in Punta Arenas, Chile, trekking north through South and North America, eventually reaching Alaska. In 2006, he attempted one of the most dangerous legs of the journey: crossing the frozen Bering Strait into Siberia. Armed with a gun to scare off polar bears and forced to leap between moving blocks of ice, he achieved what few people on Earth have ever done. His challenges didn’t stop there. Last year, when he couldn’t safely travel through a European country, he took on a new challenge — swimming across the Caspian Sea. With a support team and co-swimmer Angela Maxwell, Bushby spent 31 days completing the 179-mile crossing, swimming a total of 132 hours. After reaching Azerbaijan, he continued through Turkey, and now stands less than 2,000 miles from home. He hopes to recenter Europe this summer and walk into Hull by September 2026. Returning home after nearly three decades, he admits, will feel unrealistic. He left when he was 29. He will return at 58. He says reuniting with family will mean “getting to know each other again”. Bushby walks an average of 30km a day and rests wherever he can find shelter. His mission, called the Goliath Expedition, has outlasted five UK prime ministers, a global health incident, and numerous wars — but his spirit remains as strong as it was in 1998. And the world is cheering him on as he enters the final chapter of one of the most extraordinary human endurance journeys ever attempted. 1．What does the underlined word “audacious” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Common. B．Meaningless. C．Ambitious. D．Practical. 2．Why did Bushby swim across the Caspian Sea? A．To set a new world record. B．To avoid the potential risk. C．To shorten the distance. D．To test his physical limits. 3．What does Bushby mean by saying “getting to know each other again”? A．It is awkward to see his family. B．It is too long since he left home. C．He feels regretful for traveling. D．He wants to accompany his family more. 4．What does the Goliath Expedition symbolize? A．The power of spirit. B．The need for recognition. C．The meaning of exploration. D．The importance of adaptation. B Growing up in Norway (挪威), I had heard a lot about polar exploration. As a child, I spent a lot of time outdoors building bonfires (篝火), camping and skiing in the mountains. Aged 14, seven years before my South Pole expedition (远征), I set my sights on becoming the youngest woman to ski across Greenland (格陵兰岛). At that age, several guiding companies were unwilling to take me on because I was so young. Then I met Lars Ebbesen, an experienced polar guide. Straight away, I felt he respected my ambitions. But I had to go on an expedition to Finnmark first—a county in northern Norway—to prove I was capable. It was dark and cold but I fell in love with the challenge. That experience prepared me for Greenland, where the crossing took 28 days due to terrible weather. It was on my 15th birthday that I decided to go to Antarctica (南极洲). I didn’t tell my mum about my plans at first. I just told my dad, who is like me, a big dreamer. My mum is more pragmatic. My dad and I contacted Lars to work out the details of the trip. When I told my mum, she realized I had already made up my mind and agreed. When I began the expedition last November, I was 21. On the expedition, I was surprised that there was so much snowfall. On the hardest days, I was in fresh snow up to my knees and could only go 9.5km in 10 hours. Towards the end, my lungs were painful, and I struggled to breathe. When I crossed Greenland, Lars nicknamed me “the polar egg”. The idea was that one day I would hatch (破壳) and do a bigger expedition on my own. When I reached the South Pole I sent him an emoji (表情符号) of a chick breaking out of an egg. Though with everything I’ve experienced, I feel much older than that. 5．Why did the author go on the Finnmark journey? A．To show her abilities. B．To escape her everyday life. C．To explore a remote area. D．To meet an experienced team. 6．What does the underlined word “pragmatic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Flexible. B．Realistic. C．Athletic. D．Accessible. 7．What can we infer about the author during her South Pole expedition? A．She braved the physical challenges. B．She enjoyed the landscape most. C．She gained several survival skills. D．She adapted to the environment soon. 8．What did the author intend to communicate by sending Lars the emoji? A．She was ready for a new task. B．She made his expectations come true. C．She was worthy of what she achieved. D．She did more than he believed possible. 七选五 Wilderness Survival: Essential Skills for the Outdoors Venturing into the wilderness offers a mix of great beauty and hidden dangers. While the attraction of untouched landscapes is strong, conditions can change with surprising speed. 1 However, a basic grasp of survival techniques is still an adventurous pursuit as well as a crucial investment in one’s safety. The importance of one’s mental state in a survival situation cannot be overstated. In a crisis, panic often clouds judgment and uses up energy faster. 2 Doing this is crucial because it allows for a correct assessment of the situation and the formation of a plan, thereby saving valuable energy. Finding water is absolutely essential. Since the human body can only survive for about three days without it, locating a water source becomes a key task. 3 While flowing streams are generally better, any water that might be unsafe must be made clean, ideally through boiling or using purification tablets, to prevent waterborne illnesses. 4 Being out in bad weather is a main danger, as the body can lose heat even in fairly cool conditions. Building a proper shelter, therefore, is about basic survival, not comfort, helps to keep body heat in and offers protection from rain and wind. Being able to call for help can often decide whether a rescue is successful. Sound signals, like three short blasts from a whistle, travel farther than the human voice and are understandable everywhere as a call for help. 5 In a similar way, using a mirror or any shiny surface to flash sunlight can attract the attention of planes, while a fire that produces thick smoke by day or a bright flame by night acts as a strong visual signal. In conclusion, these skills are not only valuable for extreme sports lovers but also basic for anyone who spends time in the outdoors. A．Instead, one must make a conscious effort to stay calm to keep thinking clearly. B．Thus, the search for safe drinking water demands immediate and full attention. C．Some might praise the excitement of exploring without any prior preparation. D．Also very important is the need to keep the body warm. E．The ability to start a fire for warmth can not be a replacement for finding food. F．More importantly, they can cover areas where a shout might not be heard. G．Therefore, it is advisable to test all new equipment before setting off on a trip. 2、 思维提升-观点分享 你所在的学校正在举办以“逆境与勇气”为主题的英文分享会。请你根据Perce Blackborow的日记内容，讲述Ernest Shackleton及其探险队的故事。 【讨论要点】 1. 简单介绍 Shackleton 的广告和这次探险； 2. 团队面临的一两个挑战； 3. 你最钦佩 Shackleton、Wild 或 Blackborow 的哪一点； 4. 关于冒险精神的总结句。 【参考词汇】 bitter cold, enthusiastic, turn down, aboard, assign, sink, abandon, belongings, genuine, perseverance, resolve, keep one’s spirits up 三、思维提升-书面表达 请同学们根据自己的实际情况，选择A层或B层完成。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求：请根据括号内的中文提示或句型要求，使用本课学过的目标词汇和短语，将这篇短文补充完整。 The Spirit of the Antarctic Expedition As we know, adversity can bring out the best in people. Ernest Shackleton posted an advertisement to recruit members for his Antarctic ______ (探险). Perce Blackborow was ______ (热情的) about this journey, so he applied to join. However, Shackleton ______ (拒绝) him because he thought Blackborow was too young and not ______ (合格的). Later, Blackborow went ______ (上船) secretly and was finally ______ (指派) as a steward. Their ship was crushed by ice and ______ (沉没), so they had to ______ (放弃) the ship and only took their essential ______ (财物). Though they lived in ______ (严寒的) cold and miserable conditions, the team’s ______ (毅力) and ______ (决心) never faded. They tried to ______ (振作精神) every day.This story tells us that courage is the key to overcoming adversity. ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 任务要求：你所在学校将举办 “Adversity and Courage”英文主题演讲活动，请你写一篇 100-120 词的演讲稿。要求： 结合课文中 Shackleton 南极探险队的经历，简述团队面临的逆境； 分析探险队员身上值得学习的精神品质； 至少使用本单元6 个核心词汇 / 短语（adversity, courage, persevere, resolve, abandon, keep one’s spirits up, genuine 等）； 句式丰富，逻辑连贯，结合自身谈感悟，实现拓展培优。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 4 Reading and Thinking部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：wage、bitter、qualified、enthusiastic、aboard、assign、envy、sink、abandon、belongings、genuine、persevere、resolve √短语：turn down √句型：完全倒装句、It (so) happens that… 2.读懂课文关于南极探险的语篇内容，梳理故事发展脉络，提取关键信息，提升记叙文语篇分析与阅读理解能力。 3.感悟逆境中坚守勇气、坚韧不拔的精神内核，培养直面困难、永不放弃的意志品质，树立积极面对挫折的人生态度。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.____________ n. 困境；逆境 2.____________ adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 3.____________ n. 探险；远征；探险队 4.____________ n. 忍耐力；耐久力 5.____________ n. 精力；力量；活力 6.____________ n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 7.____________ n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员 8.____________ vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群 9.____________ n. 炉具；厨房灶具 10.____________ n. 毯子 11.____________ n. 班卓琴（乐器） 12.____________ adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 13.____________ n. & vi. 航海；航行 14.____________ n. 海军；海军部队 15.____________ adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 16.____________ adj. 温馨的；舒适的 17.____________ adj. 自私的 18.____________ adj. 脾气好的 / 坏的 【答案】 1.adversity 2.bitter 3.expedition 4.endurance 5.vigour / vigor 6.cupboard 7.steward 8.crush 9.stove 10.blanket 11.banjo 12.miserable 13.Voyage 14.navy 15.decent 16.cosy 17.selfish 18.good/bad-tempered 二、词块记忆 1.____________ 张贴一则广告 2.____________ 忍无可忍 3.____________ 梦想（做）某事 4.____________ 申请做某事 5.____________ 对某事热心 6.____________ 与…… 一起 7.____________ 上船 / 飞机 / 公共汽车等 8.____________ 振作精神；保持高昂的情绪 9.____________ 出发，启程 10.____________ 折回，往回走 11.____________ 陷入…… 12.____________ 落日 【答案】 1.post an advertisement 2.beyond endurance 3.dream of (doing) sth. 4.apply to do sth. 5.be enthusiastic about sth. 6.go along with …… 7.go aboard 8.keep one's spirits up 9.set off 10.turn back 11.become/be stuck in …… 12.the sinking sun 【知识梳理1】 wage n. 工资 【常用搭配】 a wage increase/ rise of 3% 3%的加薪 wage cuts 减薪 wages of £ 200 a week (=a weekly wage of £200) 一星期200英镑的工资 【词义辨析】 wage, income, pay与salary (1)wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。 (2)income指收入、收益、所得。 (3)pay指做完具体工作给的薪水。 (4)salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金。 【即学即练】 1.Although he has low wage, he always helps those less fortunate than him.. 2.The cost of living is now so high that you need to earn a good just to keep your head above water. 3.Not only do the nurses want a(n) increase, but they want to reduce hours. 4.I get my at the end of every month. 5.The average weekly is £350. 【答案】1.a 2.income 3.pay 4.salary 5.wage 【知识梳理2】 bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的；令人不快的 【词性转换】 bitterly adv.痛苦地;愤恨地 bitterness n.苦味;悲苦;痛苦 【常用搭配】 bitter cold 严寒 a bitter wind刺骨寒风 a long and bitter dispute 一场漫长而激烈的争论 stir up bitter memories 勾起了痛苦的回忆 As the saying goes,“A good medicine tastes bitter.” 俗话说，“良药苦口。” 【即学即练】 1.They have the same joys and pains, and love and (bitter). 2.Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a ( bitter) cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful. 【答案】1. bitterness 2. bitterly 【知识梳理3】完全倒装句 【规则讲解】 ① 当副词 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等置于句首,谓语动词是come, go, run, rush, fly等,且主语是名词时,要用完全倒装。这种情况常用于一般现在时或一般过去时。 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 ② there be/ lie/ stand/ appear/ remain... 结构。 There stands a temple at the top of the mountain.山顶上有座庙。 ③ 表示地点的介词短语放在句首，谓语动词是不及物动词如 lie，stand， sit， exist等或连系动词 be，且主语是名词时，要用完全倒装。 In front of our house stands a big tree.我们的房子前面有一棵大树。 【即学即练】 1.Below (be)a red ball, which belongs to my youngest brother. 2.As Nancy turned around, there (stand)a handsome man. 3.Up (fly) the kite. All the children were excited to see it. 4.铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出去。 【答案】1.is 2.stood 3.flew 4. The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children. 【知识梳理4】It (so) happens that… 碰巧…… 【句式分析】 句中 it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。 【归纳拓展】 It chances that…(= It happens that… )碰巧… It chanced that the winter of that year was a se vere one. 碰巧那年冬天特别冷。 Sb. happen(s) to do sth.某人碰巧做某事。 She happened to have just finished reading the book. 她碰巧刚读完那本书。 Sth. happen(s) to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。 Something unexpected must have happened to him if he didn't turn up at the party. 他如果没有出现在聚会上，一定发生了意想不到的事。 【即学即练】 1.It so happened I watched the football match, so I know the outcome. 2.It chanced the news that Gu Ailing won the gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games was being broadcast. 3.William happens (go) to the supermarket, and you can ask him to purchase some milk for you. 【答案】1.that 2.that 3.to go 【知识梳理5】turn(…) down 拒绝(提议、建议或提议人);调低,关小 Because Sandy was too young, the organizers turned her down. 因为桑迪太小了，因此组织者拒绝了她。 James put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to create a more relaxed atmosphere at home. 詹姆斯打开轻柔的音乐,把灯光调暗，以便在家里创造更轻松的气氛。 【归纳拓展】 turn up调大，开大(音量等)；突然露面；(机会等)不期而至 turn on/ off打开/关掉(水、煤气、电灯等) turn to求助于;开始使用;翻到;转向( to是介词) turn out( to be)+ n./ adj./ that…结果是……;熄灭;关掉 turn over翻转;仔细考虑;移交;转让 turn into 变成 【即学即练】 1.Mrs. King is in her seventies, but she turns all offers of assistance from her neighbours. 2.Much to our surprise, the video turned to be well received. 3.Julia promised to attend my birthday party, but she didn't turn last night. 4.When the clock struck twelve, Mr. Ling turned the TV and went to bed. 5.When you are in trouble, you can turn my brother for help. 【答案】1. down 2. out 3. up 4. off 5.to 【知识梳理6】qualified adj.符合资格;具备⋯⋯的知识(或技能、学历等) 【词性转换】 qualify v.(使)具有资格,(使)合格;取得资格(或学历);获得参赛资格 qualification n.资格;限定条件;合格证书 【常用搭配】 be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事 be qualified for( doing) sth.适合做······(有担任······的资格) qualify as 取得······资格 have( no ) qualifications for( doing) sth.(没)有(做)某事的资格 【即学即练】 1. Jackson, (qualify) to work as a teacher, turned down the job offer from the high school. 2. Teaching positions at Japanese universities require more (qualify) than other such jobs teaching English. 3. Spending a week in China doesn't qualify you ( talk) about it as an expert. 4. What makes you think you are qualified a judge of the painting? 5. A victory in this game will earn the team qualification the World Cup. 【答案】1. qualified 2. qualifications 3.to talk 4.as 5.for 【知识梳理7】enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的 【词性转换】 enthusiastically adv.热心地;满腔热情地 enthusiasm n.热情;热衷的事物 enthusiast n.热心者;爱好者 【常用搭配】 be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感兴趣;对(做)某事热心 with (great) enthusiasm (非常)热情地 full of enthusiasm 充满热情 【即学即练】 1. The for environment great , which makes us more about environmental protection. (enthusiastic) 2. Little David was so enthusiastic learning Chinese that after two years, he could speak it fluently. 3. Although Helen had suffered from a serious disease for years, she lost none of her (enthusiastic ) for life. 4. As soon as the music was over, the audience rose to their feet and applauded enthusiasm. 【答案】1. enthusiasts, enthusiasm, enthusiastic 2.about 3.enthusiasm 4.with 【知识梳理8】aboard adv. & prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 【常用搭配】 go aboard 上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车 be aboard the plane/ ship 在飞机/船上 All aboard! 请大家上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车! 【词义辨析】 abroad adv.在国外;到国外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的;广泛的 board n.板子；木板；董事会v.上船(或车、飞机、公共汽车等) on board 在船(或飞机、火车等)上 【即学即练】 1. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could to improving his oral English before going . 2. William went without being noticed by the captain and sailors. 3. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on . 4. In our village, there is a(n) river, both sides of which are lined with trees. 【答案】1.abroad 2.aboard 3.board 4. broad 【知识梳理9】assign vt.分派;布置;分配 【词性转换】 assignment n. 分配;指派;(分派的)任务 【常用搭配】 assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物 assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 assign sb. as sth. 指派某人任某一职务 【即学即练】 1.Fully occupied in preparing teaching (assign) at school, she no longer has much time to enjoy the various activities as usual. 2.Don't worry too much. They have assigned their best man the important project. 3.My teacher assigned me (write) an essay about the reform and opening- up policy of China. 【答案】1. assignment 2. to 3. to write 【知识梳理10】envy vt.羡慕;妒忌 【词性转换】 envious adj.羡慕的;妒忌的 【常用搭配】 envy sb. sth. 妒忌/ 羡慕某人有某物 envy sb. doing sth.羡慕/妒忌某人做某事 envy sb. for sth. 因某事而羡慕某人 with envy 羡慕地;妒忌地 out of envy 出于忌妒 【即学即练】 1.All of us envied Nick learning Chinese so easily. 2.Paula was so (envy) that she spoke ill of her classmate Polly. 3.The other boys looked envy at Tony's new electric toy. 【答案】1. for 2. envious 3. with 【知识梳理11】sink vi. (sank /sunk --- sunk) 沉没;下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没 【常用搭配】 sink to the bottom of 沉到……的底部 sink behind 落到······后面 the sinking sun落日 sink into a chair 颓然倒在椅子上 【即学即练】 1.Several minutes later, the ice broke suddenly and Harry's feet (sink ) into the water. 2.Mr. Yang was very tired and sank the chair in his office. 3.Her head sank , tears welling up in her eyes. 4. ( sink ) in deep thought, Norman didn't notice his father standing behind him. 【答案】1.sank 2.into 3.down 4.Sunk 【知识梳理12】abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 【词性转换】 abandoned adj.被遗弃的,被抛弃的 abandonment n.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 【常用搭配】 with abandon放纵地;恣意地 abandon (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事 abandon oneself to... 陷入，沉湎于（某种情感） 【即学即练】 1.The team decided to abandon (develop) the flying car. 2.The man from Washington gave most of his money to groups that help the poor, sick, disabled and (abandon) children. 3.Abandoning himself the sorrow of losing his grandpa, Steven just couldn't stop crying. 【答案】1.developing 2.abandoned 3.to 【知识梳理13】belongings n. [pl.] 财物；动产 【常用搭配】 personal belongings个人财物,私人用品 belong to 属于,不用于进行时和被动语态 有一类名词是以- ings结尾的，如： savings(储蓄,积蓄), earnings(工资,收益), leavings(剩饭,渣滓), surroundings (环境)等。 【即学即练】 1.Hurry up, Harry, or by the time you pack your (belong) the flight will have left. 2.Just as our teacher often says, the future (belong) to the young generation. 3.The house (belong) to my uncle has been pulled down. 【答案】1.belongings 2.belongs 3.belonging 【知识梳理14】genuine adj. 真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 【词性转换】 genuinely adv.真正地;真诚地 【常用搭配】 genuine concern for others 对别人的真诚的关心 genuine diamond/ gold真钻石/真金 a very genuine person 一个非常诚实可信的人 【即学即练】 1.Judging from the expression on her face. Sophie was (genuine) interested in this Chinese painting. 2.Mr. Zhou is (一个非常诚实可信的人）, so you can rely on him to complete the mission. 【答案】1.genuinely 2.a very genuine person 【知识梳理15】 persevere vi. 坚持;孜孜以求 【词性转换】 persevering adj.坚韧不拔的;不屈不挠的 perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 【常用搭配】 persevere in( doing) sth.坚持(做)某事 persevere with...孜孜不倦地…… 【即学即练】 1.Intelligence, (persevere) and confidence are what it takes to make a good scientist. 2.In spite of the failure of his experiments, the scientists persevered his research. 3.The great scientist and her team persevered in (search) for the cure for malaria. 【答案】1.perseverance 2.in/ with 3.searching 【知识梳理16】 resolve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念 【词性转换】 resolution n.决议;解决;坚定;决心,决定 【常用搭配】 resolve to do sth.决定做某事 resolve on ( doing) sth.决定(做)某事 pass/ adopt/ carry out a resolution 通过/采用/执行决议 【即学即练】 1.Always keep in mind that your own resolve (succeed) is more important than anything else. 2.After careful consideration and long discussion with my parents,I resolved studying abroad. 3.If the (resolve) is adopted by the local government, things will become better. 4.Frank has made a resolution (compete) in the race, so he runs for over an hour every morning. 【答案】1.to succeed 2.on 3.resolution 4.to compete 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. 2.They are qualified the marathon. 3.Touched by their ( enthusiasm ) expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all.”They' re like my children,” Mabry said. 4.All the ( assign) will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. 5.With a ( sink ) feeling, he realized that he actually enjoyed doing it. 6.Please ensure that you have your own insurance for your personal (belong) as Waikato Accommodation Services takes no responsibility for any theft or damage to personal belongings. 7.It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at ( resolve). 8.On the last day of our week- long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 9.If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong the same gym. 10.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel (abandon). 【答案】 1.down 2.for 3. enthusiastic 4. assignments 5.sinking 6.belongings 7.resolving 8.listening 9.to 10.abandoned 2、 完成句子 1．Workers ________________（获得报酬）by the week. 2．He ________________ (拒绝了这份工作) because it involved too much travelling. 3．When all the passengers ________ (上船/飞机等), the Titanic left for its first journey. 4．The old picture hanging on the wall ________ (引起，使……发生) an attack of homesickness. 5．The young man does nothing but ________ (沉溺于……) playing computer games. 6．Shortly thereafter, they ________ (陷入) the mud and abandoned their car. 7．I looked around at my family, and for the first time since Dad’s passing, ______________________________.（我感到一丝发自内心的微笑在脸上绽开） 8．__________________________（勇敢地面对逆境）and you will become tougher and more determined. 9．_________ (一阵羡慕) flooding in her heart, she closed her eyes tight. 10．_________________________（正是由于他的乐观和坚持）he was admitted into Peking University. 【答案】 1．get paid 2．turned down the job 3．went aboard/went on board 4．set off 5．abandon himself to 6．got stuck in 7．I felt a genuine smile spread across my face 8．Face up to adversity bravely 9．A wave of envy 10．It is owing to his optimism and perseverance that 三、语法填空 It 1. (happen) that I read about the Antarctic expedition in an advertisement. I was fit and 2. (vigour), so I applied to join the expedition. But Shackleton turned me 3. because he thought I was too young and was not 4. (qualify). I secretly went aboard but 5. ( unfortunate)I was later discovered. The journey 6. Antarctica was not easy. Endurance 7. (stick) in the ice and we had to abandon our ship. This was no time 8. (panic). Soon after we settled on Elephant Island, Shackleton left us to find help as the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make 9. in our small boats. Though life was hard, Frank and Ernest's genuine concern and 10. ( persevere ) filled me with hope. 【答案】1.happened 2.vigorous 3.down 4.qualified 5.unfortunately 6.to 7.was stuck 8.to panic 9. it 10.perseverance 1、 阅读理解 A In 1998, British adventurer Karl Bushby looked down a road in Chile and set a goal: walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of transport, which was audacious. What he didn’t know then was that the journey he thought would take eight years would stretch into a remarkable 27-year trek (跋涉) across continents, oceans and history. Now, after walking 36,000 miles, surviving the attack of polar bears, swimming across seas, and navigating countless visa setbacks, the 56-year-old adventurer is finally on the home stretch. Bushby began his adventure in Punta Arenas, Chile, trekking north through South and North America, eventually reaching Alaska. In 2006, he attempted one of the most dangerous legs of the journey: crossing the frozen Bering Strait into Siberia. Armed with a gun to scare off polar bears and forced to leap between moving blocks of ice, he achieved what few people on Earth have ever done. His challenges didn’t stop there. Last year, when he couldn’t safely travel through a European country, he took on a new challenge — swimming across the Caspian Sea. With a support team and co-swimmer Angela Maxwell, Bushby spent 31 days completing the 179-mile crossing, swimming a total of 132 hours. After reaching Azerbaijan, he continued through Turkey, and now stands less than 2,000 miles from home. He hopes to recenter Europe this summer and walk into Hull by September 2026. Returning home after nearly three decades, he admits, will feel unrealistic. He left when he was 29. He will return at 58. He says reuniting with family will mean “getting to know each other again”. Bushby walks an average of 30km a day and rests wherever he can find shelter. His mission, called the Goliath Expedition, has outlasted five UK prime ministers, a global health incident, and numerous wars — but his spirit remains as strong as it was in 1998. And the world is cheering him on as he enters the final chapter of one of the most extraordinary human endurance journeys ever attempted. 1．What does the underlined word “audacious” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Common. B．Meaningless. C．Ambitious. D．Practical. 2．Why did Bushby swim across the Caspian Sea? A．To set a new world record. B．To avoid the potential risk. C．To shorten the distance. D．To test his physical limits. 3．What does Bushby mean by saying “getting to know each other again”? A．It is awkward to see his family. B．It is too long since he left home. C．He feels regretful for traveling. D．He wants to accompany his family more. 4．What does the Goliath Expedition symbolize? A．The power of spirit. B．The need for recognition. C．The meaning of exploration. D．The importance of adaptation. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国冒险家卡尔·布什比从1998年开始，计划徒步从智利返回英国故乡，历经27年、跨越3.6万英里，克服无数艰难险阻，如今即将完成这一非凡壮举的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“In 1998, British adventurer Karl Bushby looked down a road in Chile and set a goal: walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of transport, which was audacious. (1998年，英国冒险家卡尔·布什比望着智利的一条路，定下了一个目标：不使用任何交通工具，一路步行回到英格兰的赫尔——这可谓audacious)”以及后文描述他花费27年、行走3.6万英里可知，这个目标非常大胆、有雄心。故划线词audacious意为“雄心勃勃的”，与“Ambitious”同义。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Last year, when he couldn’t safely travel through a European country, he took on a new challenge — swimming across the Caspian Sea. (去年，当他无法安全穿越某个欧洲国家时，他接受了一项新的挑战——游泳横渡里海)”可知，布什比游泳横渡里海是为了避免穿越某国可能带来的安全风险。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Returning home after nearly three decades, he admits, will feel unrealistic. (他承认，在近三十年后回家，会感觉不真实)”和“He left when he was 29. He will return at 58. He says reuniting with family will mean “getting to know each other again”.(他29岁时离开，归来时已58岁。他说与家人重逢意味着“重新认识彼此”)”可推知，他说“getting to know each other again”的意思是自己离开家的时间太长了，重逢意味着要重新了解彼此。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“His mission, called the Goliath Expedition, has outlasted five UK prime ministers, a global health incident, and numerous wars — but his spirit remains as strong as it was in 1998. (他的使命被称为“歌利亚远征”，它历经了五位英国首相、一次全球卫生事件和无数次战争——但他的精神仍与1998年时一样坚强)”以及全文描述他克服的种种困难可知，“歌利亚远征”象征着精神的力量。故选A项。 B Growing up in Norway (挪威), I had heard a lot about polar exploration. As a child, I spent a lot of time outdoors building bonfires (篝火), camping and skiing in the mountains. Aged 14, seven years before my South Pole expedition (远征), I set my sights on becoming the youngest woman to ski across Greenland (格陵兰岛). At that age, several guiding companies were unwilling to take me on because I was so young. Then I met Lars Ebbesen, an experienced polar guide. Straight away, I felt he respected my ambitions. But I had to go on an expedition to Finnmark first—a county in northern Norway—to prove I was capable. It was dark and cold but I fell in love with the challenge. That experience prepared me for Greenland, where the crossing took 28 days due to terrible weather. It was on my 15th birthday that I decided to go to Antarctica (南极洲). I didn’t tell my mum about my plans at first. I just told my dad, who is like me, a big dreamer. My mum is more pragmatic. My dad and I contacted Lars to work out the details of the trip. When I told my mum, she realized I had already made up my mind and agreed. When I began the expedition last November, I was 21. On the expedition, I was surprised that there was so much snowfall. On the hardest days, I was in fresh snow up to my knees and could only go 9.5km in 10 hours. Towards the end, my lungs were painful, and I struggled to breathe. When I crossed Greenland, Lars nicknamed me “the polar egg”. The idea was that one day I would hatch (破壳) and do a bigger expedition on my own. When I reached the South Pole I sent him an emoji (表情符号) of a chick breaking out of an egg. Though with everything I’ve experienced, I feel much older than that. 5．Why did the author go on the Finnmark journey? A．To show her abilities. B．To escape her everyday life. C．To explore a remote area. D．To meet an experienced team. 6．What does the underlined word “pragmatic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Flexible. B．Realistic. C．Athletic. D．Accessible. 7．What can we infer about the author during her South Pole expedition? A．She braved the physical challenges. B．She enjoyed the landscape most. C．She gained several survival skills. D．She adapted to the environment soon. 8．What did the author intend to communicate by sending Lars the emoji? A．She was ready for a new task. B．She made his expectations come true. C．She was worthy of what she achieved. D．She did more than he believed possible. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小热爱极地探险，14岁时为滑雪穿越格陵兰岛做准备，15岁决定前往南极洲，21岁踏上南极探险之旅的经历，展现了她追求梦想、勇敢挑战的精神。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But I had to go on an expedition to Finnmark first—a county in northern Norway—to prove I was capable.(但我必须先去挪威北部的芬马克郡进行一次探险，以证明我有能力)”可知，作者去芬马克郡旅行是为了展示自己的能力。故选A项。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“I didn’t tell my mum about my plans at first. I just told my dad, who is like me, a big dreamer. My mum is more pragmatic.(起初我没有告诉妈妈我的计划。我只告诉了爸爸，他和我一样，是个充满梦想的人。我妈妈更……)”，通过对比爸爸充满梦想，可推测妈妈更加现实，所以“pragmatic”意思是“现实的”。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“On the hardest days, I was in fresh snow up to my knees and could only go 9.5km in 10 hours. Towards the end, my lungs were painful, and I struggled to breathe.(在最艰难的日子里，我深陷齐膝深的新雪中，10个小时只能前进9.5公里。快到终点时，我的肺部疼痛，呼吸困难)”可知，作者在南极探险期间勇敢地应对了身体上的挑战。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When I crossed Greenland, Lars nicknamed me “the polar egg”. The idea was that one day I would hatch (破壳) and do a bigger expedition on my own. When I reached the South Pole I sent him an emoji (表情符号) of a chick breaking out of an egg.(当我穿越格陵兰岛时，拉尔斯给我起了个绰号叫“极地蛋”。意思是有一天我会破壳而出，独自进行一次更大的探险。当我到达南极时，我给他发了一个小鸡破壳而出的表情符号)”可知，作者发送这个表情符号是想告诉拉尔斯，她实现了他的期望。故选B项。 七选五 Wilderness Survival: Essential Skills for the Outdoors Venturing into the wilderness offers a mix of great beauty and hidden dangers. While the attraction of untouched landscapes is strong, conditions can change with surprising speed. 1 However, a basic grasp of survival techniques is still an adventurous pursuit as well as a crucial investment in one’s safety. The importance of one’s mental state in a survival situation cannot be overstated. In a crisis, panic often clouds judgment and uses up energy faster. 2 Doing this is crucial because it allows for a correct assessment of the situation and the formation of a plan, thereby saving valuable energy. Finding water is absolutely essential. Since the human body can only survive for about three days without it, locating a water source becomes a key task. 3 While flowing streams are generally better, any water that might be unsafe must be made clean, ideally through boiling or using purification tablets, to prevent waterborne illnesses. 4 Being out in bad weather is a main danger, as the body can lose heat even in fairly cool conditions. Building a proper shelter, therefore, is about basic survival, not comfort, helps to keep body heat in and offers protection from rain and wind. Being able to call for help can often decide whether a rescue is successful. Sound signals, like three short blasts from a whistle, travel farther than the human voice and are understandable everywhere as a call for help. 5 In a similar way, using a mirror or any shiny surface to flash sunlight can attract the attention of planes, while a fire that produces thick smoke by day or a bright flame by night acts as a strong visual signal. In conclusion, these skills are not only valuable for extreme sports lovers but also basic for anyone who spends time in the outdoors. A．Instead, one must make a conscious effort to stay calm to keep thinking clearly. B．Thus, the search for safe drinking water demands immediate and full attention. C．Some might praise the excitement of exploring without any prior preparation. D．Also very important is the need to keep the body warm. E．The ability to start a fire for warmth can not be a replacement for finding food. F．More importantly, they can cover areas where a shout might not be heard. G．Therefore, it is advisable to test all new equipment before setting off on a trip. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了荒野充满美景与危险，掌握生存技能至关重要，需保持冷静、寻找安全水源、搭建保暖庇护所、发出求救信号，这些技能对户外人群意义重大。 1．根据后文“However, a basic grasp of survival techniques is still an adventurous pursuit as well as a crucial investment in one’s safety.(然而，对生存技巧的基本了解仍是一种充满冒险性的探索，同时也是保障自身安全的重要投资)”可知，空格后以However转折，强调“掌握基础生存技能是必要的安全保障”，由此推断空格处应是与“重视生存技能”相反的观点。选项C“有些人可能会推崇毫无准备就去探险的刺激感”，恰好与后文形成转折逻辑，衔接自然。故选C。 2．根据上文“The importance of one’s mental state in a survival situation cannot be overstated. In a crisis, panic often clouds judgment and uses up energy faster.(在生存困境中，一个人的心理状态的重要性不容小觑。在危机时刻，恐慌往往会使人丧失判断力，并加速消耗体力)”以及后文“Doing this is crucial because it allows for a correct assessment of the situation and the formation of a plan, thereby saving valuable energy.(这样做至关重要，因为它能让我们对当前情况有一个准确的判断，并制定出相应的计划，从而节省宝贵的精力)”可知，前文指出“危机中恐慌会扰乱判断、加速消耗体力”，空格后说明“这样做能正确评估情况、制定计划，节省能量”。选项A“相反，人必须有意识地保持冷静，以维持清晰思考”，既承接前文对“恐慌”的否定，又对应后文“正确评估情况”的前提，逻辑连贯。故选A。 3．根据上文“Finding water is absolutely essential. Since the human body can only survive for about three days without it, locating a water source becomes a key task.(找到水源是至关重要的。因为人体若缺水，大约只能维持三天的生命，所以找到水源就成了首要任务)”以及后文“While flowing streams are generally better, any water that might be unsafe must be made clean, ideally through boiling or using purification tablets, to prevent waterborne illnesses.(虽然流动的溪流通常较为安全，但任何可能不安全的水都必须净化处理，理想的做法是通过煮沸或使用净化片来实现，以防止水传播疾病)”可知，本段核心话题是寻找安全水源的重要性，前文提到“人体缺水只能存活约三天，找水源是关键任务”，选项B“因此，寻找安全饮用水需要立即投入全部精力”，用Thus承接前文的重要性，引出后文对“水源净化”的具体说明，契合段落主旨。故选B。 4．根据后文“Being out in bad weather is a main danger, as the body can lose heat even in fairly cool conditions. Building a proper shelter, therefore, is about basic survival, not comfort, helps to keep body heat in and offers protection from rain and wind.(在恶劣天气中外出是一个主要的危险因素，因为即使在凉爽的天气里，人体也可能散失热量。因此，建造一个合适的遮蔽所（即注重的是基本的生存需求，而非舒适度）能够帮助保持身体热量，并提供防雨和防风的保护)”可知，空格后提到“恶劣天气是主要危险，人体即使在凉爽天气也会流失热量”、“搭建庇护所是为了保暖、抵御风雨”，核心话题是保暖对生存的意义。选项D“保持身体温暖也同样重要”，能够作为本段的主旨句，引出后文的具体解释。故选D。 5．根据上文“Being able to call for help can often decide whether a rescue is successful. Sound signals, like three short blasts from a whistle, travel farther than the human voice and are understandable everywhere as a call for help.(能够发出求救信号往往能决定救援是否成功。声音信号，比如哨子发出的三声短促鸣响，比人的声音传播得更远，并且在任何地方都能被理解为求救信号)”以及后文“In a similar way, using a mirror or any shiny surface to flash sunlight can attract the attention of planes, while a fire that produces thick smoke by day or a bright flame by night acts as a strong visual signal.(同样地，利用镜子或任何反光的表面反射阳光能够引起飞机的注意，而白天产生浓烟或夜晚发出明亮火焰的火源则会形成强烈的视觉信号)”可知，本段围绕求救信号展开，前文提到“哨声三声短鸣作为求救信号，比人声传播更远且全球通用”，选项F“更重要的是，它们能传到呼喊声无法企及的区域”，用Also递进说明哨声信号的优势，且与后文“反光镜、烟火信号”的作用并列，符合语境。故选F。 2、 思维提升-观点分享 你所在的学校正在举办以“逆境与勇气”为主题的英文分享会。请你根据Perce Blackborow的日记内容，讲述Ernest Shackleton及其探险队的故事。 【讨论要点】 1. 简单介绍 Shackleton 的广告和这次探险； 2. 团队面临的一两个挑战； 3. 你最钦佩 Shackleton、Wild 或 Blackborow 的哪一点； 4. 关于冒险精神的总结句。 【参考词汇】 bitter cold, enthusiastic, turn down, aboard, assign, sink, abandon, belongings, genuine, perseverance, resolve, keep one’s spirits up 【答案】 Dear classmates, Have you ever imagined joining an expedition to Antarctica? Ernest Shackleton once posted an advertisement asking for men to face bitter cold and danger. I was enthusiastic about this adventure, but at first, Shackleton turned me down for being too young. Later, I went aboard secretly and was finally assigned as a steward. Our ship sank after being crushed by ice. We had to abandon the ship and could only take essential belongings. On Elephant Island, life was miserable. But I truly admire Shackleton and Frank Wild for their genuine care, strong perseverance, and firm resolve. Wild even played the banjo to keep our spirits up. Their courage in adversity teaches me that a successful failure is still a success. Thank you. 三、思维提升-书面表达 请同学们根据自己的实际情况，选择A层或B层完成。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求：请根据括号内的中文提示或句型要求，使用本课学过的目标词汇和短语，将这篇短文补充完整。 The Spirit of the Antarctic Expedition As we know, adversity can bring out the best in people. Ernest Shackleton posted an advertisement to recruit members for his Antarctic ______ (探险). Perce Blackborow was ______ (热情的) about this journey, so he applied to join. However, Shackleton ______ (拒绝) him because he thought Blackborow was too young and not ______ (合格的). Later, Blackborow went ______ (上船) secretly and was finally ______ (指派) as a steward. Their ship was crushed by ice and ______ (沉没), so they had to ______ (放弃) the ship and only took their essential ______ (财物). Though they lived in ______ (严寒的) cold and miserable conditions, the team’s ______ (毅力) and ______ (决心) never faded. They tried to ______ (振作精神) every day.This story tells us that courage is the key to overcoming adversity. ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 任务要求：你所在学校将举办 “Adversity and Courage”英文主题演讲活动，请你写一篇 100-120 词的演讲稿。要求： 结合课文中 Shackleton 南极探险队的经历，简述团队面临的逆境； 分析探险队员身上值得学习的精神品质； 至少使用本单元6 个核心词汇 / 短语（adversity, courage, persevere, resolve, abandon, keep one’s spirits up, genuine 等）； 句式丰富，逻辑连贯，结合自身谈感悟，实现拓展培优。 【答案】 A层 expedition; enthusiastic; turned down; qualified; aboard; assigned; sank; abandon; belongings; bitter; perseverance; resolve; keep their spirits up B层 Good morning, everyone.Today I want to share the spirit of courage in adversity from Shackleton’s Antarctic expedition. The team met bitter cold and their ship sank, so they had to abandon it and live in terrible conditions.But no one gave up. Shackleton’s genuine care for members, firm resolve and continuous perseverance inspired the whole team. They kept their spirits up even in hopeless situations.In my life, I will learn from them. When facing difficulties, I will persevere instead of quitting. Because true courage is to keep moving forward bravely in adversity.Thank you! 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $